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Journal articles on the topic 'Photography Art and photography'
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1
Noble, Anne, and Geoffrey Batchen. "Had We Lived ... Phantasms & Nieves Penitentes: Conversation between Anne Noble and Geoffrey Batchen." Grimace, Vol. 2, no. 1 (2017): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m2.020.art.
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In the conversation, two of the most prominent New Zealand authors in the field of photography talk about the body of work of Anne Noble’s Antarctica photography projects. Had we lived is a re-photographic project reflecting on the tragedies of heroic age exploration (commemorating the centenary of the deaths of Robert Falcon Scott and his men on their return from the South Pole – Terra Nova Expedition or British Antarctic Expedition to the South Pole, 1912) and on the memory of Erebus tragedy of 1975, when a tourist plane flying over Antarctica crashed into Mt Erebus, killing all 257 people on board. Anne Noble re-photographed image taken by Herbert Bowers at the South Pole – the photograph of Scott and his men taken after they arrived at the South Pole to find Amundsen had already been and gone. Phantasms and Nieves Penitentes projects hint at the triumph of Antarctica over human endeavour and as a non-explorer type herself photographer Anne Noble states: “I rather liked this perverse reversal”. Both tragic events have a notable relationship to photography – Erebus in particular, as those who died were likely looking out of the aeroplane windows taking photographs at the time of impact. This relationship is addressed throughout the conversation between the two, providing an insightful commentary on the questions of authenticity, documentary value and the capacity of photography to exist in the in-between spaces of thoughtful imagining, and rational dreaming. Keywords: Antarctica, authenticity, documentary, photographic imaginary, re-photographing
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Witkovsky, Matthew S. "Photography as Model?" October 158 (October 2016): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00267.
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Witkovsky argues that decades into photography's institutional acceptance as art, widespread inadequacies remain in the art historical treatment of photographs, which can no longer be defended as manifestations of a separate or distinctive “medium.” Insufficient attention to formal procedures, such as darkroom interventions between the stages of negative and print, as well as to disciplinary history—including the introduction of the very term “medium” in photographic discourse around 1930—remain commonplace. Yet despite a persistent tendency to totalize photography as a creative domain, photography as a museum department or academic field of study offers the promise to counter far larger impulses toward totalization, above all in a marketplace beset by an obsession with global contemporary art. What the study of photographs can model is a field of creation that moves in, under, and against “art in general.”
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Hillman, John. "How Does Photography Appear to Appear?" Magic, Vol. 5, no. 1 (2020): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m8.072.art.
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Photography shares little with the logic of simulation and simulacrum, instead it facilitates a dimension within which people and objects we photograph emerge from an impossible frame. Its intrigue resides in the palpable sense of impossibility that photographs render visible to us. This sleight of hand obfuscates the question of how appearance appears. In Finders Keepers, Dutch photographer Laura Chen works with imagery sourced from undeveloped films purchased from eBay and car-boot sales. When Chen develops the films, the real of someone else’s reality is transformed into art. Left undeveloped, these images occupy nowhere in particular, but Chen makes appearances fill in a void and poses a question which is not one of “why” but of “where” are images? Furthermore, in seeking out meanings, the magic of photography is understood through the misdirection of illusion and appearance. What is more useful is to ask how photography appears to appear? Keywords: photography and illusion, magic of photography, reality and simulation, appearance of photography, Laura Chen
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Dondero, Maria Giulia. "Photography as a Witness of Theatre." Recherches sémiotiques 28, no. 1-2 (October 7, 2010): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/044587ar.
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My paper investigates the meeting of theatre and photography in ‘theatre photography’. Recognizing that both art forms can determine theoretical and philosophical views on representation and self-representation, I aim to compare their visual strategies and the way they construct point of view. In the process several questions are raised: do qualities of photographs belong to objects photographed or to photographs themselves? How important is the object that ‘triggers’ the view? Should the theatre photographer place his camera anywhere? What of framing? In the second section I offer an analysis of photographs taken by Roger Pic in 1957 during the Paris performance of Brecht’s Mother Courage and Her Children by the Berliner Ensemble. This analysis seeks to demonstrate that theatre photography, which often seen as an example of documentary photography, can reach artistic status, provided it relies on enunciative strategies that express what cannot otherwise be photographed in a ‘direct’ manner, namely the characters’ words and emotions.
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Molloy, Caroline. "The Studio Photograph as a Conceptual Framework." Membrana Journal of Photography, Vol. 3, no. 2 (2018): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m5.038.art.
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In her essay, Caroline’s draws from her PhD thesis that looks the visual habitus of transcultural photography. She concentrates her writing on the genre of studio photography, specifically early English studio photography and argues that the conceptual framework established in early photographic studio practices still has its legacy in contemporary digital photographic studio practices. To illustrate this argument, she draws from a contemporary case-study in her local, digital photographic studio in North London and discusses a selection of photographs in relation to early photographic studio practices. She suggests that rather than a radical break caused by digital technologies, digital photography has opened up imaginative ways in which to make studio portraits that blur boundaries between the real and symbolic. Keywords: anthropology, digital form of photography, photography, studio photography
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Vogelsang, Helena. "A Nostalgic Longing for the 20th Century: Past and Present Backdrops and Scenes in the Skylight Studio of Josip Pelikan." Membrana Journal of Photography, Vol. 3, no. 2 (2018): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m5.056.art.
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Taking a visual stroll down the backdrops and sceneries of the master photographer Josip Pelikan is accompanied by commentary supplied by the Celje Museum of Recent History’s senior educator and carer of Pelikan’s collection, Helena Vogelsang. Painted backgrounds with various motifs used by Pelikan in both portraying and in his everyday work in the studio represent a key part of the photographer’s heritage and are part of a permanent exhibition in a skylight studio. It is the only preserved example of a skylight photo studio from the end of the 19th century in Slovenia. Various backdrops enabled the portrayed person to be presented in a way that suited him or her best; e.g. raising their social status, being placed in a specific environment or in a different position than the person occupied in real life. This surely influenced the popularity of portraits made in the wet collodion technique by contemporary photographer Borut Peterlin. In this way, the photographer revitalised the importance of Pelikan’s backgrounds and renewed the interest in old analogue photography techniques as well as a comprehensive studio portrait experience, which today no longer holds a prominent place among photographic practices. Keywords: 20th century photograhy, background, Josip Pelikan, photographic backdrop, portraiture, skylight studio, Slovenian photography, studio photography
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Susanto, Andreas Arie. "Fotografi adalah Seni: Sanggahan terhadap Analisis Roger Scruton mengenai Keabsahan Nilai Seni dari Sebuah Foto." Journal of Urban Society's Arts 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2017): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/jousa.v4i1.1484.
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Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menyanggah argumentasi Roger Scruton mengenai keabsahan nilai seni dari sebuah foto. Scruton berpendapat bahwa fotografi bukanlah karya seni. Fotografi hanyalah sebuah tindakan mekanis dalam menghasilkan suatu gambar, bukan representasi melainkan hanyalah peristiwa kausal, bukan gambaran imajinasi, tetapi hanya kopian. Fotografi mengandaikan adanya kemudahan dalam penciptaan seni. Pernyataan Scruton semakin dikuatkan dengan fenomena perkembangan teknologi yang sudah melupakan sisi estetis dan hanya berpasrah sepenuhnya pada tindakan mesin. Penekanan berlebihan terhadap keunggulan reduplikasi, proses instan, dan otomatisasi fotografi membuat fotografi kehilangan tempatnya di dunia seni. Akan tetapi, persoalan seni adalah persoalan rasa. Fotografi tetaplah sebuah seni dengan melihat adanya relasi intensional yang tercipta antara objek dan seorang fotografer dalam sebuah foto. Relasi intensional ini tercermin dalam proses, imajinasi, dan kreativitas fotografer di dalam menghasilkan sebuah foto. Lukisan dan fotografi adalah seni menurut rasanya masing-masing. Photography is an Art: A Disaproval towards Roger Scruton's Analysis on the Legitimacy of Art Value of a Photograph. This paper aims to disprove Roger Scruton's argument about the validity of the artistic value of a photograph. Scruton argues that photography is not a work of art. Photography is simply a mechanical action in producing a picture, not a representation but merely a causal event, not an imaginary image, but only a copy. Photography presupposes the ease of art creation. Scruton's statement is further reinforced by the phenomenon of technological development that has forgotten the aesthetic side and only entirely devoted to the action of the machine. The excessive emphasis on the benefits of reduplication, instant processing, and photographic automation makes photography lose its place in the art world. However, the issue of art is a matter of taste. Photography remains an art by seeing the intense relationships created between an object and a photographer in a photograph. This intense relationship is reflected in the process, imagination, and creativity of the photographer in producing a photograph. Painting and photography are arts according to their own taste.
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Čeferin, Hana. "Who’s Afraid of Photography?" Magic, Vol. 5, no. 1 (2020): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m8.094.art.
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In contemporary horror, the photographic image is often used as the object of horror or even represents the main antagonist of the story. We can trace the origin of such depictions to the very invention of the technique of photography in the 19th century, which was also the heyday of spiritualist theories about photography making the soul of the deceased visible to the human eye using chemical compounds. A notorious example is the case of photographer William Mumler who offered well-off relatives of recently deceased people in the States to make portraits with the ghosts of their loved ones. There are also reports of some peoples that allegedly also consider the soul to be closely bound to photography and in consequence abhor photography, as the film is supposedly capable of capturing and depriving the photographed person of their soul. Films like The Ring, The Others, Peeping Tom, and The Invisible Man demonstrate how frequently uncanny photography appears in the horror film genre and open questions about the reasons of such depictions. While the theory of horror claims that horror uses specific iconography of fear to reflect the common fears of the time (e.g. an invasion of giant insects and carnivorous plants in the 50s as a consequence of American fear of a communist invasion), the article explores the issue of photography as the main antagonist in the horror genre of the 21st century and whether this means that it appears as the universal fear of digital identity, surveillance, and identity theft.
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Ogden, Kate Nearpass. "Musing on Medium: Photography, Painting, and the Plein Air Sketch." Prospects 18 (October 1993): 237–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300004920.
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The relationship of photography and painting has greatly intrigued art historians in recent years, as has the uneasy status of photography as “art” and/or “documentation.” An in-depth study of 19th-century landscape images suggests two new premises on the subject: first, that opinions differed on photography's status as an art in the 19th Century, just as they differ today; and, second, that the landscape photograph is more closely related to the plein air oil sketch than to the finished studio easel painting. For ease of comparison, the visual material used here will consist primarily of landscapes made in and around Yosemite Valley, California, in the 1860s and 1870s; comparisons will be made among paintings by Albert Bierstadt, photographs by Carleton Watkins and Eadweard Muybridge, and works in both media by less famous artists.
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Sile, Agnese. "Through the mother’s voice: Exposure and intimacy in Lesley McIntyre’s photo project The Time of Her Life and Elisabeth Zahnd Legnazzi’s Chiara A Journey Into Light." Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness and Medicine 24, no. 5 (December 2, 2018): 461–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363459318815933.
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When it comes to depicting ill or disabled children, the ethics of representation becomes increasingly complex. The perception of photographs as voyeuristic and objectifying is of particular concern here and resonates with widespread fear about the eroticisation, mistreatment and exploitation of children. Although these fears are reasonable, this view does not take into account the voice and agenda of the photographic subject, disregards the possibility of recognition and the participatory nature of photography. In this article, I focus on photography as a collaborative practice. I analyse two photographic projects by photographers/mothers that document their ill and dying daughters – Lesley McIntyre’s photographic essay The Time of Her Life (2004) and Elisabeth Zahnd Legnazzi’s Chiara A Journey Into Light (2009). Illness in these projects is not experienced in isolation. Instead, the photographs and accompanying texts provide a space to engage in a dialogue which is built on the interdependency of all the participants of the photographic act – the photographer, the subject of the photograph and the viewer. My aim is to question how these projects construct experiences and articulate private expressions of illness and how the photographs enhance and/or challenge the mother–daughter bond. Alan Radley’s critical analysis of representations of illness, Emmanuel Lévinas’s and Maurice Blanchot’s perspectives on ethical philosophy and visual social semiotics approach developed by Kress and Van Leeuwen provide a guiding framework for this study.
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Padmanabhan, Lakshmi. "A Feminist Still." Camera Obscura: Feminism, Culture, and Media Studies 35, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): iv—29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/02705346-8631535.
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What can photographic form teach us about feminist historiography? Through close readings of photographs by visual artist and documentary photographer Sheba Chhachhi, who documented the struggle for women’s rights in India from the 1980s onward, this article outlines the political stakes of documentary photography’s formal conventions. First, it analyzes candid snapshots of recent protests for women’s rights in India, focusing on an iconic photograph by Chhachhi of Satyarani Chadha, a community organizer and women’s rights activist, at a rally in New Delhi in 1980. It attends to the way in which such photographs turn personal scenes of mourning into collective memorials to militancy, even as they embalm their subjects in a state of temporal paralysis and strip them of their individual history. It contrasts these snapshots to Chhachhi’s collaborative portrait of Chadha from 1990, a “feminist still” that deploys formal conventions of stillness to stage temporal encounters between potential histories and unrealized futures. Throughout, the article returns to the untimeliness of Chhachhi’s photography, both in the multiple temporalities opened up within the image and in its avant-garde critique of feminist politics through experiments with photographic form.
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Burleigh, Peter. "Photogenic Intensions." Magic, Vol. 5, no. 1 (2020): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m8.060.art.
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What is a photograph? What a spurious, redundant start! After all, a photograph is clearly an image, a technical image of something. What a photograph is – such a stupid question! Yet, the casual announcement of the photograph as signification relies on an a priori truth that orients our thinking, our identities, our institutions. For it is “in terms of this self-apparent image of thought that everybody knows and is presumed to know what it means to think.” Collaging Deleuze and Bergson, intuition teaches us that an image is a nexus of force in itself, or as Anne Sauvagnargues suggests, what is crucial to images is how they cut into the world. As real enfoldings of the virtual and actual, photographs are the territories of a multiplicity of sensations – a genesis, the real actual of a diagrammatic structuring of the world in registers of time and space. Roger Fenton’s The Queen’s Target made at Queen Victoria’s opening of the first Rifle Association in 1860 is an entry point to thinking deeper signalisation in photographs. While the 3-D work by Andreas Angelidakis indicates photogenetic zones of intensity, temporal dislodgment, and the event of photogenesis actualized in physical form. Keywords: photogenesis, virtual, photography and event, ontology of the image, photography and information, philosophy of photography
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Colner, Miha, and Ivan Petrović. "Ivan Petrović, Photographer, Archivist and Artist: Interview with Ivan Petrović." Cabinet, Vol. 2, no. 2 (2017): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m3.004.int.
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Ivan Petrović (1973) has been working in the fields of photography and art for twenty years as a researcher, creator and collector. Since 1997, he has been creating and publishing photographic projects that reflect the spirit of space and time in which they are created, while in his works he uses both documentary approaches as well as research principles. In 2011, together with photographer Mihail Vasiljević, he founded a para-institution, the Centre for Photography (CEF). Despite lacking its own premises, infrastructure or funds for performing its activities, the institution deals with the search, preservation, collection and analysis of local photographic materials from recent history. In the past ten years, Petrović also moved his artistic practice beyond mere artistic expression, since he addresses the phenomena of photography from an analytical-theoretical point of view. His interest lies in the nature of the photographic image and its role in society and historiography. In this spirit, long-term projects such as Documents (1997–2008), Images (2002–), Portfolio Belgrade (2015–) and the latest film production were created. The interview with Ivan Petrović took place on 1 September 2017 in Belgrade. The main themes were the role of photography in the dominant history, the boundary between one’s own practice and archival work, photography as an art and the likes. Keywords: collection, documentary, photography's role, preservation, research
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Pabedinskas, Tomas. "Personal Photo Album and Collective Memory: The Case of Romualdas Požerskis’ Photographs and Diary." Art History & Criticism 16, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mik-2020-0008.
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SummaryHistory and memory have been the conceptual core of many Lithuanian photography based contemporary art works as well as international curatorial art projects, including authors from different Baltic countries. On the one hand, this indicates the relevance of the subject related to photography and memory; on the other hand, it also shows the overexploitation of personal and historical memory in contemporary photography and in contemporary art in general.In this context the article analyses Romualdas Požerskis’ personal album photographs from the years 1971–1975 and his written diaries from the years 1965–1985. The photographs captured Požerskis’ and his friends’ leisure activities, mainly rides on motorcycles across Lithuania and one trip to Tallinn, Estonia. The diary reflects the key historical events of the time, describes Požerskis’ attitude to it and reveals his personal emotional, intimate experiences. The beginning of the seventies was the time when the now famous Lithuanian photographer Požerskis was still a student, who did not consider himself a creative photographer. However, his photographs and diary from this period have been published in a book “Restless Riders” in 2017 putting this visual and written material in between the private and the public, and in between creative photography field and visual history of the country’s past.The aim of the article is to show how personal photography can help to restore or even create collective memory. To reach this aim the article addresses the respective tasks of explaining the importance of photography’s emotional content in building up a collective memory and revealing how the way in which Požerskis’ personal photo album and private diaries relate to collective memory is distinctive in the context of photography-based Baltic contemporary art.The article claims that the “Restless Riders” case is different because of its emotional content unmediated by interdisciplinary presentation, art’s conceptual framework or amendments to its visual form. Although it is impossible for the beholder to restore the emotional experience of the author, it is not difficult to let the photographs trigger his or her own memories or imaginary vision of the past. This in turn fills the personal story of photographer with emotion and lets it be seen as part of a liveable historical narrative. This narrative, visualized and made public has the potential to add up to the cultural myth, or in other words, common memory and assumptions, which support the identity of community and nation.
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Durusoy, Murat. "In-Game Photography: Creating New Realities through Video Game Photography." Membrana Journal of Photography, Vol. 3, no. 1 (2018): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m4.042.art.
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Computers and photography has had a long and complicated relationship throughout the years. As image processing and manipulating capabilities advanced on the computer front, photography re-birthed itself with digital cameras and digital imaging techniques. Development of interconnected social sharing networks like Instagram and Twitter feeds the photographers’/users’ thirst to show off their momentaneous “been there/seen that – capture the moment/share the moment” instincts. One other unlikely front emerged as an image processing power of the consumer electronics improved is “video game worlds” in which telematic travellers may shoot photographs in constructed fantasy worlds as if travelling in real life. While life-like graphics manufactured by the computers raise questions about authenticity and truthfulness of the image, the possible future of the photography as socially efficient visual knowledge is in constant flux. This article aims to reflect on today’s trends in in-game photography and tries to foresee how this emerging genre and its constructed realities will transpose the old with the new photographic data in the post-truth condition fostering for re-evaluation of photography truth-value. Keywords: digital image, lens-based, photography, screenshot, video games
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Magurean, Irina Dora, Andrei Picos, Lucia Timis, Alina Picos, and Dinu I. Dumitrascu. "The Evolution of Photographic Arts Is Linked to Progress in Chemistry: A Review of Two Centuries of Symbiosis." Journal of Research in Philosophy and History 3, no. 2 (November 11, 2020): p153. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jrph.v3n2p153.
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Photography is a major component of present art. It has applications in arts, in sciences and mainly health sciences, in social interaction. The evolution of photography since its advent 200 years ago relied and was dependent on the knowledge of chemistry. This is a review of the chemical techniques used in the recording and reproduction of photographs and of its applications. In the last two centuries, numerous chemical substances: inorganic, organic and polymeric, influenced the aspect and quality of the photographic techniques and of photographs. Teaching photography requires knowledge of chemistry, while chemistry education needs knowledge of esthetics as offered by photography.
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Paradis, James G. "PHOTOGRAPHY AND IRONY: THE SAMUEL BUTLER PHOTOGRAPHY EXHIBITION AT THE TATE BRITAIN." Victorian Literature and Culture 33, no. 1 (March 2005): 318–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150305230863.
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AN EXHIBITION of Samuel Butler's photography in Gallery Sixteen, an elegant rotunda room just off the entrance to the Tate Britain, offered a rare opportunity to see some of the photography of the author of Erewhon and to contemplate how Victorian photographic realism fares in the setting of a modern museum. The exhibition, celebrating the centenary of Butler's death, ran from November 2002 to May 2003 and was made up of thirty-five framed photographs, some of them digitally touched up by Dudley Simons, and an assortment of photobooks and editions of Butler's self-illustrated volumes. It was developed by Tate curator Richard Humphreys and Butler scholar Elinor Shaffer, with the support of librarian Mark Nicholls from St. John's College at Cambridge, which houses most of Butler's extensive photographic work in its special collections. Titled “Samuel Butler and the Ignorant Eye,” after Shaffer's notion in her Erewhons of the Eye: Samuel Butler as Painter, Photographer, and Art Critic (1988) that Butler's photography renders “the eye of the viewer … ignorant and open” (229), the black-and-white secularism of Butler's work offered a startling change in imagery from the intense colorism of “Rossetti and Medievalism,” the exhibit that preceded it in Gallery sixteen.
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Zuhdan Aziz. "Dramatization of Visual Communication Messages In Macro Photographic Genre." IICACS : International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Arts Creation and Studies 3 (April 7, 2020): 154–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33153/iicacs.v3i1.30.
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Photographic art is a mediator to convey visual communication messages to the public about a thing or event. Photos can be interpreted as expressions or ways of speaking, telling through visual language. The selection of the exact object, accuracy of the exact moment, accurate angle, advanced exposure of the light, and the beautiful color composition make photography look attractive, thus making the audience of photography immersed in the role created by the photographer using photographical object. Photographic works published on web-page macroworldmania.com are mostly, macro photography works, exploring macro world surround human life. Macro photo objects could reflect on to photographs of small animals, insects, plants or other small objects, which at first were not visible to the naked eyes. Not just technical, in the macro photography work that is displayed on the webpage, but those photographs also contained innovative messages with narrative stories and sparks of the dramatization that are conveyed, so that they appear more attractive. The demonstration of messages or narratives in this story becomes the essence of visual communication in macro photography. The dramatization displayed in the macro photography works on this page is able to provide an image of an animal or plant object or a small object, not only becoming bigger and easier to see, but also full of surprises, attracting attention and arousing curiosity. Dramatization arises if the object image has a point of interest (POI) and attention is always maintained so that the work created is able to drown the soul, emotions and thoughts of the audience. Dramatic elements built with the innovations of macro photography story messages are able to seize the attention and bring an atmosphere of high-quality communication in reference to the knowledge and experience of the audience. The challenges of these innovations are the main study of this research, so that the art of macro photography can still exist to communicate in the digital era marked by abundance of information (disruptive information).
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Rissanen, Mari-Jatta. "Entangled photographers: Agents and actants in preschoolers’ photography talk." International Journal of Education Through Art 16, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 271–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/eta_00031_1.
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Photographs taken by young children have engendered a growing amount of research across diverse academic disciplines. Photographs have been used as visual data for analysing for example children’s social relations and well-being. However, only a few studies have addressed the photographic practices of young children as means for them to explore, imagine and coexist with the surrounding world. In this article, I introduce a case study that draws on research from art education and sociology of childhood. The data were gathered in a photography workshop in a Finnish early childhood education and care centre, where fourteen preschoolers discussed their photographs inspired by contemporary Finnish art photography. In order to expose diverse human and material actors and their interactions in preschoolers’ photography talk, I applied Bruno Latour’s actor-network-theory. Thus, preschoolers’ photography is seen as a practice of visual meaning-making wherein agency is distributed among several actors.
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Hoffman, Jesse. "ARTHUR HALLAM’S SPIRIT PHOTOGRAPH AND TENNYSON’S ELEGIAC TRACE." Victorian Literature and Culture 42, no. 4 (September 19, 2014): 611–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150314000229.
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Blanche Warre Cornish's 1921–22tripartite memoir, “Memories of Tennyson,” begins in 1869 when she meets the poet by way of her parents’ friendship with Tennyson's neighbor, the photographer Julia Margaret Cameron (145) (Figure 1). The photograph that Cornish recalls as “psychophotography” is one instance of a trend in Victorian England of spirit photography that was first practiced around 1872 after it was imported from America, where William Mumler had developed it (Tucker 68; Doyle 2: 128). Reactions to these spirit photographs took various forms: while some viewers regarded them as a credible medium for communication with the dead, their detractors saw them as deliberate acts of deception. Others employed photography's spectral qualities for entertainment, such as the London Stereoscopic Company that had marketed photographs of angels, fairies, and ghosts for their customers’ amusement in the 1860s (Chéroux 45–53). By the time the “shadowy figure of a man” appears beside Arthur Hallam's erstwhile fiancé, Mrs. Jesse, Tennyson's sister, the practice had been subject to public intrigue and scandal as a part of broader and contentious Victorian debates about the status of photography as art or document. The already surreal qualities of Cornish's anecdote are amplified by Tennyson's question, “Is that Arthur?,” which entertains the possibility of Hallam being present in a visible, spectral form while unrecognized by his beloved friend.
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Botar, Oliver A. I. "László Moholy-Nagy's New Vision and the Aestheticization of Scientific Photography in Weimar Germany." Science in Context 17, no. 4 (December 2004): 525–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889704000250.
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ArgumentI propose that both Moholy-Nagy's suggestions that products of applied, particularly scientific, photography be employed as exemplars for art photography, and his practice of integrating such applied photographs with art photographs in his publications and exhibitions, laid the groundwork for an aestheticization of scientific photography within the twentieth-century artistic avant-garde. This photographic “New Vision,” formulated in the 1920s, also effected a kind of “scientization” of art photography. Rather than Positivist mechanism, however, I argue that the science at play was “biocentrism,” the early twentieth-century worldview that can be described as Naturromantik updated by biologism. His key inspiration in this regard was one of the most important figures of biocentrism, the biologist and popular scientific writer Raoul Heinrich Francé, and his conception of Biotechnik [bionics], in which he proposed that all human technologies are based in natural technologies.The biological, pure and simple, taken as the guide.– Moholy-Nagy (1938, 198)
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Baid, Anisha. "Wild Life." Membrana Journal of Photography, Vol. 3, no. 1 (2018): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m4.020.art.
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Wild Life is a series of augmented photographs of animals and insects placed in vacant, overgrown spaces in suburban Bangalore. Taken through mobile AR apps like Holo and Augment, these photographs (or screenshots) situate virtual bodies within the frame of the mobile camera – creating something in between a document and fiction. The work investigates these processes of augmentation, which enable 3D representations of things in the real/physical world to be projected back into physical space that are then photographed. The larger phenomenon of AR photography also complicates traditional notions of “immersive” media – forcing one to interact with their environments. This essay reflects on the implications of mobile AR photography on the image and the referent. Through a phenomenological reading of and immersion into popular uses of mobile AR (like the game Pokémon Go), the essay is an observation of the convoluted relationships evoked between augmented bodies, their environments and the screens on which they manifest. Keywords: digital image, documentary, mobile AR, photography, Pokémon Go
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Kotsev, Angel. "The Rise of the Image Banks – a Threat for the Advertising Photography?" Sledva : Journal for University Culture, no. 39 (August 20, 2019): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33919/sledva.19.39.6.
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The study presented in this article is part of the topic The Impact of Image Banks on the Advertising Photography in Bulgaria, which in turn is part of the doctoral thesis Trends in the Development of Bulgarian Advertising Photography in the Period 2000 – 2017. The purpose of the research is to explore the trends in the selection of an advertising image, i.e. when the preferred images are from image banks and when they are custom-made. The survey will present the number of photographs in Bulgarian advertisements taken from an image bank and the amount of custom made ones. Another issue considered is at what stages of the working advertising process stock images appear. What is also discussed is whether the stock image generating industry is detrimental to customized advertising photography and if it provides additional business opportunity for advertising photographic studios. Through analysis and in-depth interviews with art directors, custom commercial photographers and stock image photographers, the research will attempt to present and systemize specific trends in the working process of advertising agencies on the Bulgarian market and how this affects the advertising photography in Bulgaria. The term advertising photography will be used in the sense of custom photography created for a particular advertising project, while the term stock photography will be used to define a photograph created without a specific assignment and of general commercial nature.
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Wilson, Dawn M. "Invisible Images and Indeterminacy: Why We Need a Multi-stage Account of Photography." Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 79, no. 2 (April 19, 2021): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaac/kpab005.
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Abstract Some photographs show determinate features of a scene because the photographed scene had those features. This dependency relation is, rightly, a consensus in philosophy of photography. I seek to refute many long-established theories of photography by arguing that they are incompatible with this commitment. In Section II, I classify accounts of photography as either single-stage or multi-stage. In Section III, I analyze the historical basis for single-stage accounts. In Section IV, I explain why the single-stage view led scientists to postulate “latent” photographic images as a technical phenomenon in early chemical photography. In Section V, I discredit the notion of an invisible latent image in chemical photography and, in Section VI, extend this objection to the legacy of the latent image in digital photography. In Section VII, I appeal to the dependency relation to explain why the notion of a latent image makes the single-stage account untenable. Finally, I use the multi-stage account to advance debate about “new” versus “orthodox” theories of photography.
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Horta, Paula. "When the Landscape of the Face is Hidden from Us." Grimace, Vol. 2, no. 1 (2017): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m2.068.art.
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How do we respond to the vulnerability of the Other when we do not see his face? How do photographer and viewers position themselves ethically in relation to the (hi)story of suffering they are called to witness? These are the questions that steer my reflection about Jillian Edelstein’s unpublished photograph of Archbishop Desmond Tutu. Taken shortly after the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) completed its work, the photograph evokes the moment during the TRC hearings when the Archbishop, Chairman of the commission, laid down his head and wept. Drawing on Emmanuel Levinas’s conceptualization of “the face”; I discuss how affect is produced within and through Edelstein’s photograph, and specifically how the affective quality of the photograph both contributes to an understanding of the experience of suffering within the context of the TRC and summons an ethical response from the viewer. Keywords: Desmund Tutu, Emmanuel Levinas, gesture and photography, Jillian Edelstein, photography portrait
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Jernejšek, Jasna, Emina Djukić, and Joan Fontcuberta. "Homo Photographicus: Interview with Joan Fontcuberta." Instinct, Vol. 4, no. 1 (2019): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m6.004.int.
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In the interview Spanish photographer Joan Fontcuberta reflects upon his diverse photographic practise and his constant playing on the idea of different spaces which photography inhabits. He claims that “Photography by itself doesn’t mean anything,” what makes a difference is managing its uses. He discusses the topics of reformulation of the concept of authorship, notion of the fake as a methodology of art and of political activism, parody and humour as long traditions of Mediterranean thought and a rejection of pleasure as a hegemonic current in contemporary art. He also speaks of his explorations of the relationship between nature photography and nature of photography, the Eden of Adam and Eve as the first botanical garden and the fact that today nature has become a cultural, ideological, economic and political construct. In the end he also touches on the phenomenon of the internet, ideas of post-truth and his concept of Homo photographicus. Keywords: contemporary photography, deception, fiction, humour and art, Joan Fontcuberta, post-truth and photography
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Kea, Pamela. "Photography, care and the visual economy of Gambian transatlantic kinship relations." Journal of Material Culture 22, no. 1 (December 14, 2016): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359183516679188.
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This article examines transnational kinship relations between Gambian parents in the UK and their children and carers in The Gambia, with a focus on the production, exchange and reception of photographs. Many Gambian migrant parents in the UK take their children to The Gambia to be cared for by extended family members. Mirroring the mobility of Gambian migrants and their children as they travel between the UK and The Gambia, photographs document changing family structures and relations. It is argued that domestic photography provides an insight into the representational politics, values and aesthetics of Gambian transatlantic kinship relations. Further, the concept of the moral economy supports a hermeneutics of Gambian family photographic practice and develops our understanding of the visual economy of transnational kinship relations in a number of ways: it draws attention to the way in which the value attributed to a photograph is rooted in shared moral and cultural codes of care within transnational relations of inequality and power; it helps us to interpret Gambians’ responses to and treatment of family photographs; and it highlights the importance attributed to portrait photography and the staging, setting and aesthetics of photographic content within a Gambian imaginary.
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Mihalcea, Ioan Daniel. "Photographs of the Miners’ Raids: Reworking Images of the Past and Negotiating the Present." Protest, Vol. 4, no. 2 (2019): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m7.076.art.
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This paper investigates the conditions in which photojournalistic images of the past are becoming iconic and it also traces the ways in which such images actively negotiate the meanings of particular events. Starting from Robert Hariman and John Lucaites’ iconic photography methodology (2007), this research aims to clarify how iconicity operates in specific situations defined by cultural and digital circumstances. The proposed case study analyses the photographs of the events known as Miners’ Raids that took place in Bucharest, Romania in the aftermath of the December 1989 Revolution. First, through a close reading of the aesthetic qualities of the photographic composition, I investigate how images themselves are sites where meaning is produced and how they have the power to sustain multiple and sometimes contradictory semiotic transcriptions. Second, I trace the circulation and appropriation of these photographs to argue their capacity to generate debates and absorb new meanings in the course of their afterlives. The purpose is to understand how photography can work as a distinct category that can articulate complex ideas, judgments, and dialogue. Keywords: close reading, dissent, iconic photography, remobilization, Romanian public culture
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Close, Ronnie. "Parallax Error: The Aesthetics of Image Censorshipe." Cabinet, Vol. 2, no. 2 (2017): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m3.074.art.
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Parallax Error is a found photographic image collection scavenged from well-known art history publications in bookstores in Cairo between 2012 and 2014. What makes the series distinct are the forms and styles of censorship used on the original images ahead of sale and public distribution. The altered images involve some of the leading figures in the canon of Western photographic history and these respected photo works enter into a process of state censorship. This entails hand-painting each photograph, in each book edition, in order to obscure the full erotic effect of the object of desire, i.e. parts of the human body. The position of photography within Egypt and much of the Arab world is a contested one shaped by the visual formations of Orientalism created by the impact of European colonial empires in the region. This archival project examines the intersection of visual cultures embedded behind the series of photographic images that have been transformed through acts of censorship in Egypt. This frames how these doctored photographic images impose particular meanings on the original photographs and the potential merits, if any, of iconoclastic intervention. Parallax Error examines the political and aesthetic status of the image object in the transformation from the original photograph to censored image. The ink and paint marks on the surface of the photograph create a tension between the censorship act and its impact on the original. These hybrid images provide a political basis to rethink visual culture encounters in our interconnected and increasingly globalised contemporary image world. Keywords: aesthetics, censorship, iconoclasm, images, representation
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Hatano, Hiroyuki. "Photographic collections in Japan: accessibility and new technology." Art Libraries Journal 14, no. 4 (1989): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200006453.
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Photographic collections are relatively undeveloped in Japan, although in the last decade a national photographic museum has been established, and other museums have opened departments of photography. Problems of access to collections of photographs of works of art have impeded the study of art history, but the capacity of new technologies to store, and to facilitate the retrieval of, visual images, is beginning to transform the situation.
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Baker, George. "Sharing Seeing." October 174 (December 2020): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00412.
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In 2007, artist Sharon Lockhart made a large-scale photograph of two young girls reading braille, based on a specific photograph by August Sander from the 1930s made in an institute for blind children. Turning to the widespread iconography of blindness in the history of photography, this essay considers the importance of such images for a larger theory of photographic spectatorship. Lockhart's image of blind children relates to Sander's photograph, but does not duplicate it in all respects; her alteration of the historical image opens onto the larger non-coincidence of vision that photographic seeing instantiates. Ultimately, Lockhart's relational practice of photography-connecting each photograph she makes to prior images, while never fully duplicating or replicating them-provides a model for understanding the relational dynamics of photographic spectatorship. The essay also discusses Paul Strand, Roland Barthes's Camera Lucida, Kaja Silverman's World Spectators, “straight photography,” and Michael Fried.
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Loginov, A. A. "Collecting Photography." Observatory of Culture, no. 3 (June 28, 2015): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2015-0-3-90-95.
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Collecting Photography (by Artem Loginov) makes differentiation of key concepts and rules of the art-market of photography. The article’s aim is to show several limitations which form specific features of relations between authors and buyers of photographic art pieces. The article analyzes in brief some criteria which have an influence on price formation in the art-market of photography.
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Gizzi, Ferdinando. "Photographing a miraculous apparition in fin-de-siècle France." Magic, Vol. 5, no. 1 (2020): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m8.028.art.
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This paper is dedicated to the photographic coverage of the alleged miraculous apparitions, which occurred in the small French village of Tilly-sur-Seulles between 1896 and 1897. These photos, circulated as postcards and appearing in popular magazines of the time such as L’Illustration and Le Monde illustré, were presented – by virtue of the authority of the photographic as an indexical trace – as “authentic” testimonials of the supernatural events, though in fact neither recognized nor approved by the Catholic Church. These photographs used the already-known double exposure process of spirit photography, bringing these exotic visual materials into the tradition of religious “authentic fakes”. But more importantly, such images manifested the “visionary fervour” of late nineteenth-century France, that is, the growing desire of the modern crowd to see the invisible in more and more spectacular and convincing ways. Such a new spectatorial desire – that can also be found in the very successful genre of the photographs of the real bodies of mystics, saints, and seers – would be perfected by a whole series of contemporary forms and attractions, and finally, by cinematographic special effects. Keywords: nineteenth century, Marian apparitions, visionaries, photography, superimposition
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Levi, Donata. "La fotografia nel museo d’arte a fine Ottocento: sovrapposizioni e occasioni per una rinnovata filologia visiva. Alcuni spunti." Rivista di studi di fotografia. Journal of Studies in Photography 5, no. 10 (December 14, 2020): 60–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/rsf-12246.
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The article deals with the effects of photography on the practices of art historians, focusing on some German cases. Photography, defined by Paul de Saint-Victor in 1887 as the “musée en action de l’art européen,” offered unprecedented opportunities for a renewed visual philology. Yet this evolution was more complex and less unidirectional than is generally thought. The illustrated publications of Gustav Scheuer in the 1860s attest to different ways of manipulating photographic images and illuminate the connections between photography and comparative methods, which initially concerned the relationships between original paintings and photographs much more than those among paintings themselves.
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Nair, Janaki. "Seeing like the Missionary: An Iconography of Education in Mysore, 1840–1920." Studies in History 35, no. 2 (August 2019): 178–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0257643019865233.
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Missionaries working in Mysore, as elsewhere in India, took enthusiastically to the new art of photography from the 1840s, to record their ‘views’ of the society they undertook to transform. Evangelising was, however, early on, allied with education as a way for missionaries to make their way into a complex, hierarchical society with learning traditions of its own. How did the missionary ‘see’ the Indian classroom, and invite the viewer of their photographs to participate in its narrative of ‘improvement’? What was the place of the photograph at a time when meticulous written records were kept of victories and reverses in the mission field of education? Revealing the work of the photograph in aiding missionary work must perforce begin with the more instrumentalist uses of this new art, as technologies of recording par excellence, before turning to the possible ways of looking at photographs, whether by those contemporaries of the missionaries who were physically distanced from the location, and were yet linked to their work in India, or when they formed part of the contemporary historian’s archive. Here one may exploit photography’s ‘inexhaustible invitations to deduction, speculation and fantasy’ instead of its truth-telling capacity. I am precisely posing a dynamic and perhaps even antagonistic relationship between the copious written and the sparser visual record of educational changes in Mysore in the 19th and early 20th centuries. This investigation of the visual field in the service of education also allows us also to speculate about the specific aesthetic achievements of missionary photography, with its own pedagogic goals.
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Michałowska, Marianna. "Invisible Presence of the Past: Hauntology of Photography." Magic, Vol. 5, no. 1 (2020): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m8.080.art.
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Photography has been associated with the specter, spirit, and the apparition ever since the theory of photography first emerged. André Bazin and Edgar Morin saw the spectral features of photography as the basis for phenomenological interpretation. However, the most creative exposition of ghosts in photography is linked to Jacques Derrida’s concept of hauntology. Nowadays, hauntology is often cited in relation to nostalgia – longing for “the lost futures”. However, when Derrida wrote Specters of Marx in 1993, he was interested in the ontological repetition of ideas through history. Photographs created by two contemporary Polish photographers (Michał Grochowiak and Nicolas Grospierre) are an excellent illustration of the French philosopher’s thoughts, as their works focus on the same theme – architecture of the socialist era. The recurring specter of the past manifests itself through it. Grochowiak’s photographs from the Breath series (2010) depict the interior of the Palace of Culture and Science in Warsaw – fragments of a monumental memorial from the socialist era. In turn, Grospierre’s series of photographs titled K-Pool and company (2011) documents modernist buildings in the post-Soviet republics. In the article, the reference to hauntology allows me to discuss photography as a carrier of eeriness as well as an invisible tool of disclosure. What’s more, it seems that hauntology may explain the role of photography in discussing the political and social contexts of the past. Keywords: hauntology, photography, modernist architecture, Central Europe, Jacques Derrida
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Vissers, Nathalie, Pieter Moors, Dominique Genin, and Johan Wagemans. "Exploring the Role of Complexity, Content and Individual Differences in Aesthetic Reactions to Semi-Abstract Art Photographs." Art and Perception 8, no. 1 (March 4, 2020): 89–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134913-20191139.
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Artistic photography is an interesting, but often overlooked, medium within the field of empirical aesthetics. Grounded in an art–science collaboration with art photographer Dominique Genin, this project focused on the relationship between the complexity of a photograph and its aesthetic appeal (beauty, pleasantness, interest). An artistic series of 24 semi-abstract photographs that play with multiple layers, recognisability vs unrecognizability and complexity was specifically created and selected for the project. A large-scale online study with a broad range of individuals (n = 453, varying in age, gender and art expertise) was set up. Exploratory data-driven analyses revealed two clusters of individuals, who responded differently to the photographs. Despite the semi-abstract nature of the photographs, differences seemed to be driven more consistently by the ‘content’ of the photograph than by its complexity levels. No consistent differences were found between clusters in age, gender or art expertise. Together, these results highlight the importance of exploratory, data-driven work in empirical aesthetics to complement and nuance findings from hypotheses-driven studies, as they allow to go further than a priori assumptions, to explore underlying clusters of participants with different response patterns, and to point towards new venues for future research. Data and code for the analyses reported in this article can be found at https://osf.io/2fws6/.
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Andergassen, Lisa. "Digging Up the Narrative: Forensic Practices between Objectivity and Interpretation." Membrana Journal of Photography, Vol. 1, no. 1 (2016): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m1.048.art.
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Photography traditionally generates a truth-claim, while at the same time undermining it by holding the potential of being altered or staged. Since the rise of digital techniques, we are facing different (and easier) ways to manipulate pictures, leading to the notion of the digital photograph as generally mutable and therefore not trustworthy. But as there have been more and easier ways to “manipulate” photographs, so has there been an increase in the ways to detect them. Which today puts digital forensics in the position of re-establishing “reality” as a referential point by tracing every step of the process of alteration, turning the dubitative image into one that is doubt-free once its metadata has been analysed. But is this the whole story? By addressing digital forensic practices that have been used within the investigation of the Abu Ghraib torture scandal, I am showing that the hidden narrative of photographic production can be dug up by using forensic methods, but not without creating a new narrative.
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Nestayko, Markiyan. "Photos of Levko Yanushevych on the pages of Ukrainian magazines." Proceedings of Research and Scientific Institute for Periodicals, no. 10(28) (January 2020): 362–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37222/2524-0331-2020-10(28)-26.
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The article studies the activities of one of the famous Ukrainian photographers of the XX century — Levko Yanushevych in the field of photography. We have systematized and characterized the artist’s photographs on the pages of Ukrainian and foreign (for Ukrainian emigrants) periodicals of the XX century, specifically, «Dilo», «Nashi Dni», «Nova Khata» (all titles in Lviv), «Kholms’ka zemlya» (Krakow), «Ukrainskyi visnyk», «Holos» (both in Berlin), «Na slidi» (Augsburg). The process of shaping Yanushevych’s creative personality via a prism of public activity and cooperation with famous figures is analyzed. The significant contribution of the photographer to the preservation of important facts and information about the Ukrainian intelligentsia of that time is revealed. Levko Yanushevych appears in the general picture of the XX century not only as a photojournalist of the cultural life of Ukraine, but also as an active participant in the processes taking place at the background of art. This is evidenced by articles, interviews and memoirs left by Yanushevych in local magazines. His popularity at that time is confirmed by publications in foreign editions made by efforts of the Ukrainian émigrés. Levko Yanushevych’s photographs are stored in the archives of the V. Stefanyk Institute of Library Art Resources Research of the Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv. They are not accessible in some magazines. The personality of this photographer is quite interesting not only in terms of his professionalism and famous works, but also as a cultural and public figure. His photo portraits are still stored on the pages of the Ukrainian General Encyclopedia. His photographs of landscapes and architectural masterpieces of the Ukrainian cities of the late XIX and early XX centuries help to plunge into the past. However, information about the photographer is very scarce, and there is no study of his work. In the mentioned press archives in 1920s, 1930s and 1940s, as well as some authorial articles available on the Internet were found about 50 photographs of the artist. We analyzed and systematized images by genre groupings. The article also covers a range of issues related to the origin and existence of photography in the 19-20th century, the main figures of the time, photo studios and vocational schools of Ukrainian photography. The findings of our research show trends in photography relevant in a perspective of the 21st century were experienced by professionals and amateurs in the past. Capturing information, transmitting emotions and feelings, preserving architectural monuments, landscapes, recording important moments in the lives of relatives or prominent people, coding or symbolism were important stages in the evolution of photography. Keywords: Levko Yanushevych’s photos, Ukrainian photographer, Ukrainian magazines, photography.
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Beldea, Alex. "Digital Intifada: Photography as Protest in Palestine." Protest, Vol. 4, no. 2 (2019): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m7.056.art.
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A myriad of images inundates us daily with sequences from a more or less proximate reality, leaving us with the task of negotiating our responses to these representations that empathically seek our attention. The images that we encounter arrive in various forms on various platforms: advertising photographs, surveillance images, selfies, pictures of war or citizen photographs… In the midst of this new and dynamic representational landscape, independent activist groups and photographers documenting injustices around the world have become more prevalent, taking advantage of accessible means of photographic capture and of the possibility for immediate sharing of images with the world. Palestine is one of the places where injustices happen on a daily basis, leaving Palestinians with few and unequal means to respond with a counter narrative. This new online reality with its social media platforms has its own limitations but it is now an important part of their resistance, with photography being used as a form of protest. Citizen and independent photographers, such as Janna Tamimi and the Activestills group, are using these online channels to attest to injustice and oppression themselves, regardless of the presence of the photojournalist as a witness. The professional stance of photojournalists and their objective observations are assumptions that have been fading out, motivating non-professionals from Palestine, and other places, to disseminate imagery with the hope to be seen and to be heard. Keywords: Citizen Photography, new media, Palestine, protest, social media
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Clark, Catherine E. "The Commercial Street Photographer: The Right to the Street and the Droit à l’Image in Post-1945 France." Journal of Visual Culture 16, no. 2 (August 2017): 225–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470412917716482.
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This article examines the history of the commercial street photographer, or photofilmeur, in France from 1945 to 1955. Although itinerant photographers had long operated, they organized as a new profession after the Second World War in response to hostile reactions from other ‘sedentary’ photographers, conservative officials, lawmakers, and the police. Tracing the fight to regulate and even ban photofilmeurs in state and police archives, courtroom accounts, and union publications, this article reveals a struggle over the who, what, and where of photography: Who has the right to photograph whom? Can you take pictures of people without their consent? What is professional photography? Answers to these questions recast the history of street photography not as an aesthetic category, as most scholarship treats it, but in terms of the medium’s engagement with the law and issues of consent, intent, copyright, privacy, and dissemination that are at the heart of 20th and 21st-century photographic history.
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Fox, Paul. "An unprecedented wartime practice: Kodaking the Egyptian Sudan." Media, War & Conflict 11, no. 3 (July 13, 2017): 309–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750635217710676.
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This article examines Kodak photographs made by participant soldiers and photographer–correspondents working in the field for the illustrated press during the concluding phase of the 1883–1898 campaign to defeat an Islamist insurgency in the Egyptian Sudan, whose leaders sought to create a regional caliphate. It explores how the presence of early generation portable cameras impacted on image making practices on British operations, and how aspects of campaign experience were subsequently represented in Kodak-derived photograph albums. With reference to graphic art and commercial photographic practices associated with Nile tourism and recent military activity in the Nile valley after 1882, the author argues, firstly, that the representation of combat was transformed by handheld photography and, secondly, that in the context of photographs of logistical activity and leisure, picturesque aesthetics were occluded by a ‘documentary’ mode of representation synonymous with the increasingly industrial nature of Western armed conflict. The article also calls attention to how photomechanical reproduction made possible the widespread availability of affordable albums for a public here identified as the readership of the illustrated general interest weeklies. More generally, the sheer number of photographs resulting from the use of Kodak technology prompted a more fluid use of montage-like techniques by album makers, for public and private use, including text and multiple image combinations, to build more dynamic visual narratives of experience on campaign than had hitherto been possible.
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Koureas, Gabriel. "Parallelotopia: Ottoman transcultural memory assemblages in contemporary art practices from the Middle East." Memory Studies 12, no. 5 (October 2019): 493–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698019870689.
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This article engages with the conversations taking place in the photographic space between then and now, memory and photography, and with the symbiosis and ethnic violence between different ethnic communities in the ex-Ottoman Empire. It questions the role of photography and contemporary art in creating possibilities for coexistence within the mosaic formed by the various groups that made up the Ottoman Empire. The essay aims to create parallelotopia, spaces in the present that work in parallel with the past and which enable the dynamic exchange of transcultural memories. Drawing on memory theory, the article shifts these debates forward by adopting the concept of ‘assemblage’. The article concentrates on the aesthetics of photographs produced by Armenian photographic studios in Istanbul during the late nineteenth century and their relationship to the present through the work of contemporary artists Klitsa Antoniou, Joanna Hadjithomas, Khalil Joreige and Etel Adnan as well as photographic exhibitions organised by the Centre for Asia Minor Studies, Athens, Greece.
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Gonzales-Day, Ken. "Analytical Photography: Portraiture, from the Index to the Epidermis." Leonardo 35, no. 1 (February 2002): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002409402753689272.
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The current abundance of scholarship concerning the technological development of photography has coexisted with a proportionate absence of recent critical analysis of photographic images. Given photography's long-standing embrace of technological advances, even predating the portable camera or roll film, this article revisits some early uses of scientific photography in order to clarify the impact of digital technology on contempo-rary photographic practice. The author uses scientific photogra-phy and photographic archives as the groundwork for photo-graphic experiments into what might be called analytical photography. The essay con-cludes with a reconsideration of the photographic portrait.
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Thompson, Krista. "The Evidence of Things Not Photographed: Slavery and Historical Memory in the British West Indies." Representations 113, no. 1 (2011): 39–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2011.113.1.39.
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Slavery and apprenticeship came to an end in the British West Indies in 1838, the year photography was developed as a fixed representational process. No photographs of slavery in the region exist or have been found. Despite this visual lacuna, some recent historical accounts of slavery reproduce photographs that seem to present the period in photographic form. Typically these images date to the late nineteenth century. Rather than see such uses of photography as flawed, or the absence of a photographic archive as prohibitive to the historical construction of slavery, both circumstances generate new understandings of slavery and its connection to post-emancipation economies, of history and its relationship to photography, and of archival absence and its representational possibilities.
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Glebova, Aglaya. "Elements of Photography." Representations 142, no. 1 (2018): 56–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2018.142.1.56.
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This essay traces the evolution of landscape imagery in Aleksandr Rodchenko’s photographic oeuvre, focusing especially on images produced during his journalistic trip to the White Sea-Baltic Canal, one of the first Soviet forced labor camps. Through close reading of photographs, it argues that Rodchenko’s abandonment of avant-garde aesthetics, in particular the emphasis on photography’s transformative powers and its medium-specificity, in these images did not represent a shift toward socialist realism but, rather, held critical potential in the face of contemporaneous official censure of formalism and “contemplation” in both science and art.
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Jernejšek, Jasna, and Martin Parr. "Photography Is the Only Art Form That We All Do: Interview with Martin Parr." Membrana Journal of Photography, Vol. 3, no. 2 (2018): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m5.024.int.
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Martin Parr (1952) is considered to be one of the most iconic and influential photographers of his generation. Parr, whom obtained a photography degree at Manchester Polytechnic (1970–1973), joined the classics of British documentary photography with a series of black and white photographs of the disappearing folk customs of Northern England. In the 80s he managed to make his breakthrough to the global photography scene (and market). At that time, impressed by American colour photography, he took on photographing on colour film himself. He made The Last Resort (1983–1985), a series of British working class while spending holidays in a coastal resort in New Brighton, which remains one of his most recognizable work to this day. After its first presentation in the Serpentine Gallery in London in 1986, the project triggered turbulence and division of opinions of both professionals and general public. Polarization of opinions became a constant in Parr’s photography career. The polemics he caused by first becoming a member (1994) and then the president of Magnum Photos (2013–2017) are well known. The critics castigated Parr for being cruel and voyeuristic, and that he claimed to only be photographing what he sees, while he benefited from making a mockery of others. His unconventional use of the medium, smooth traversing through different contexts of photography and flirting with obvious commercial interests was deemed controversial and questionable by many (until today). Keywords: Martin Parr, photobook, photographic backdrop, portrait, studio photography
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Latto, Richard, and Bernard Harper. "The Non-Realistic Nature of Photography: Further Reasons Why Turner Was Wrong." Leonardo 40, no. 3 (June 2007): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon.2007.40.3.243.
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The authors discuss the limitations of photography in producing representations that lead to the accurate perception of shapes. In particular, they consider two situations in which the photographic representation, although an accurate reproduction of the geometry of the two-dimensional image in the eye, does not capture the way human vision changes this geometry to produce a three-dimensionally accurate perception. When looking at a photograph, the viewer's uncertainty of the camera-to-subject distance and the fact that, unnaturally, a photograph presents almost exactly the same view of an object to the two eyes result in substantially distorted perceptions. These most commonly result in a perceived flattening and fattening of the 3D shape of the object being photographed.
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Stafford, Andy. "Bazin and Photography in the Twenty-First Century: Poverty of Ontology?" Paragraph 36, no. 1 (March 2013): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/para.2013.0077.
Full textAbstract:
According to André Rouillé (2005) the search for photography's ontology is both fruitless and pointless. Six decades after André Bazin's seminal essay, ‘The Ontology of the Photographic Image’ (1945), there is a concerted attempt to remove photography from the ‘reliquary’ of death in which Bazin had (seemingly) locked it. Preferring ‘genesis’ to ‘result’, Bazin had suggested that photography benefited from an ‘essential objectivity’ and that it was close to being a ‘natural phenomenon’: for the first time in history, representation of the external world emerges, mechanically, without human intervention. For Rouillé however, this is a ‘poverty of ontology’, a theory of the ‘index’ based on Peirce erroneously attached to a semiotics of the photographic image. So what happens to the photograph's temporal dimension, crucial to Bazin's definition, if we reject the image as record of the ‘that-has-been’ (Barthes)? Can we still use Bazin's ontology in the twenty-first century?
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Sanni, M. Ifran, Yudi Dian, and Ramdhan Ramdhan. "Pemanfaatan Angle Fotografi Pada Foto Dokumentasi." CICES 2, no. 1 (February 29, 2016): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33050/cices.v2i1.189.
Full textAbstract:
Since its inception photography has become on indispensable part of human life. There are lpt of beautiful momentshas successfully captured by this photograph activity. Capturing human activities whereher located and freeze in a photpgraphic word made this event veri interesting to dol a photograph is able to express our fellings, human relationships to show the beauty of divine creation. Photography techniques there are rules contained in the art of photography it self. Learning by techniques of photography and often practice, we able understand the aesthetics of a photography to draw a great picture and interesting. In addition, we will be trained to convey a message through media photograph to everyone.