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1
Conford, Philip. "‘Smashed by the National Health’? A Closer Look at the Demise of the Pioneer Health Centre, Peckham." Medical History 60, no. 2 (March 14, 2016): 250–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2016.6.
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The Pioneer Health Centre, based in South London before and after the Second World War, remains a source of interest for advocates of a positive approach to health promotion in contrast with the treatment of those already ill. Its closure in 1950 for lack of funds has been blamed on the then recently established National Health Service, but this article argues that such an explanation is over-simplified and ignores a number of other factors. The Centre had struggled financially during the 1930s and tried to gain support from the Medical Research Council. The Council appeared interested in the Centre before the war, but was less sympathetic in the 1940s. Around the time of its closure and afterwards, the Centre was also involved in negotiations with London County Council; these failed because the Centre’s directors would not accept the changes which the Council would have needed to make. Unpublished documents reveal that the Centre’s directors were uncompromising and that their approach to the situation antagonised their colleagues. Changes in medical science also worked against the Centre. The success of sulphonamide drugs appeared to render preventive medicine less significant, while the development of statistical techniques cast doubt on the Centre’s experimental methods. The Centre was at the heart of the nascent organic farming movement, which opposed the rapid growth of chemical cultivation. But what might be termed ‘chemical triumphalism’ was on the march in both medicine and agriculture, and the Centre was out of tune with the mood of the times.
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HALL, L. A. "The Archives of the Pioneer Health Centre, Peckham, in the Wellcome Library." Social History of Medicine 14, no. 3 (December 1, 2001): 525–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/14.3.525.
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Germann, Pascal. "David Kuchenbuch Das Peckham-Experiment. Eine Mikro- und Wissensgeschichte des Londoner „Pioneer Health Centre“ im 20. Jahrhundert." Historische Anthropologie 24, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 298–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/ha-2016-0212.
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Highmore, Ben. "Hopscotch Modernism: On Everyday Life and the Blurring of Art and Social Science." Modernist Cultures 2, no. 1 (May 2006): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e2041102209000197.
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From a remarkably innovative point of departure, Ben Highmore (University of Sussex) suggests that modernist literature and art were not the only cultural practices concerned with reclaiming the everyday and imbuing it with significance. At the same time, Roger Caillois was studying the spontaneous interactions involved in games such as hopscotch, while other small scale institutions such as the Pioneer Health Centre in Peckham, London attempted to reconcile systematic study and knowledge with the non-systematic exchanges in games and play. Highmore suggests that such experiments comprise a less-often recognised ‘modernist heritage’, and argues powerfully for their importance within early-twentieth century anthropology and the newly-emerged field of cultural studies.
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Simberloff, Daniel, and Otso Ovaskainen. "Ilkka Aulis Hanski. 14 February 1953—10 May 2016." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 68 (January 22, 2020): 231–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2019.0033.
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Professor Ilkka Hanski made seminal contributions to both empirical and theoretical ecology and evolutionary biology, in particular metapopulation biology, throughout his scientific career. He started his career with dung beetle ecology, earning his doctorate at University of Oxford in 1979. He developed the rest of his career at University of Helsinki, where he was appointed professor in ecology in 1993 and academy professor in 2006. Hanski's most influential research was based on empirical work on the Glanville fritillary metapopulation in the Åland Islands, started in 1991, and continued until his death. His early research focused on ecological aspects of metapopulation biology, such as how the spatial structure of a landscape influences extinction thresholds, whereas his later work focused on genetic and evolutionary processes, such as maintenance of genetic variation by selection pressures varying with landscape structure. During the last years of his career, Hanski was a pioneer in the field of eco-evolutionary dynamics, showing how molecular-level underpinnings of trait variation can explain rapid evolutionary changes in natural populations. Hanski actively applied his research findings to conservation biology, involving himself in debates ranging from forest conservation in Finland to the links between human health and biodiversity. He was an exceptionally devoted group leader and mentor of younger researchers. His Metapopulation Research Centre grew gradually from a group consisting of Hanski and a few PhD students into a centre of 70 researchers.
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Prayitno, Sutrisno Adi, Maria Agustini, and Ully Wulandari. "The The Socialization of Yam Noodles Making Without Food Preservatives At The Health Pioneer In Nganjuk District." Kontribusia (Research Dissemination for Community Development) 3, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/kontribusia.v3i1.1059.
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The training and community service activities about the Unborax healthy food were carried out at Nganjuk District Training Center, which was attended by the pioneer of health. The objective of the program is to introduce the health pioneers of Nganjuk district about the importance of healthy food and dangers from the use of food additives such as borax and formaldehydewhich is often circulated freely, to motivate people be able to make their own food without using harmful food additives. The making of Unborax noodles introduced to the community with yam fortification is also used to motivate people to love the local food that is functional value. The method used is a social mentality approach and provides guidance and direct participatory practice of direct participative to the target of the health pioneer in Nganjuk that can be delivered to the community in each village. This training and counseling program is conducted by providing education that provides knowledge about local food, recommended food additives and prohibited by the government. Then continue to practice making wet noodles fortification from yam. Hopefully the community is more conscious with healthy food and local resources. In addition, it can also be processed in the form of other products ready to consume. The achievement gained after the training in making wet noodle without borax is all participants are able to understand the importance of healthy food without any preservatives prohibited. In addition, this training is able to awaken the community initiative to serve healthy food it self and sell it so that it can increase the income in the family.
Key words: yam, wet noodles, fortification, healthy food, borax and formalin.
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Tahirović, Husref, and Brigitte Fuchs. "Kornelija Rakić: A Woman Doctor for Women and Children in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina." Acta Medica Academica 50, no. 1 (May 26, 2021): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/ama2006-124.338.
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<p>This short biography focuses on the life and medical activities of Kornelija Rakić (1879–1952), a Serbian female pioneer of medicine from the then Hungarian province of Vojvodina, who acquired an MD from the University of Budapest in 1905. Rakić came from a humble background, and a Vojvodina Serbian women’s organization enabled her to become a physician and pursue her social medicine mission. After a futile attempt to open a private practice as a “woman doctor for women” in Novi Sad in 1906, she successfully applied to the Austro-Hungarian provincial government in Sarajevo for the position of an official female physician in occupied Bosnia. Rakić began her career as an Austro-Hungarian (AH) official female physician in Bihać (1908–1912) and was transferred to Banja Luka in 1912 and to Mostar in 1917–1918. Kornelija Rakić stayed in Mostar after the monarchy collapsed in 1918 and continued to work as a public health officer in the service of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, founded in 1918. Subsequently, she served as the head of the “dispensary for mothers and children” at the Public Health Centre in Mostar, founded in 1929, where she practiced until her retirement in 1949. After World War II, Rakić served as Vice President of the Red Cross Society in Mostar. She received numerous awards and medals from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia. Kornelija Rakić died in Mostar in 1952 and was buried at the local Orthodox cemetery of Bjelušine.</p><p><strong> Conclusion</strong>. Kornelija Rakić (1879–1952) was the first Serbian female physician in Novi Sad, Vojvodina, and she was employed as an AH official female physician in Bihać (1908–1912), Banja Luka (1912–1917) and Mostar (1917–1918). After World War I, she participated in the establishment and expansion of public health institutions in Mostar and Herzegovina from 1918–1949 against the backdrop of the devastation of the two World Wars.</p>
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Naqvi, Syed Nawab Haider. "Development Economics: The Winds of Change (Presidential Address)." Pakistan Development Review 31, no. 4I (December 1, 1992): 341–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v31i4ipp.341-363.
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Ever since its birth as a new discipline, development economics has experienced the heights of universal acclaim as a pioneer (ready to slay the dragon of poverty single-handed) as well as the depths of a heretic isolation (as an outsider to the realm of mainstream economics). Between these two views a consensus is emerging that there is a role, though a reduced one, for development economics. This role exists because the concern for growth and distribution, though in the very veins of mainstream economics, has been highlighted fully only by development economics. However, it is a somewhat reduced role because a greater recognition of the (marginal) utility of free markets, in place of an overly interventionist state - which requires it to speak the language of neo-classical economics, makes it difficult for it to differentiate its 'products' from those offered by others. There also appears to be a changing perception about the key variable(s) that development economics should focus on: the ends of development (i.e., improving the welfare of the people) rather than the means of achieving it (i.e., the growth of per capita income); a more comprehensive indicator of development composed of such components as longevity and literacy, rather than just per capita income; human capital rather than just physical capital to account for the positive contribution of educati0n and health to economic growth; the gains from international trade, instead of looking a. it as an instrument of exploitation of the 'periphery' by the 'centre'; the central role of total factor productivity in achieving high rates of economic growth; and so on.
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Olinger, John, and Jake W. Spidle. "The Lovelace Medical Center: Pioneer in American Health Care." Western Historical Quarterly 20, no. 3 (August 1989): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/969572.
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Ellis, John H., and Jake W. Spidle. "The Lovelace Medical Center: Pioneer in American Health Care." American Historical Review 94, no. 3 (June 1989): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1873964.
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Satya-Murti, Saty, and Jennifer Gutierrez. "Addressing the Social Determinants of Health." Southern California Quarterly 101, no. 4 (2019): 357–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/scq.2019.101.4.357.
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The Los Angeles Plaza Community Center (PCC), an early twentieth-century Los Angeles community center and clinic, published El Mexicano, a quarterly newsletter, from 1913 to 1925. The newsletter’s reports reveal how the PCC combined walk-in medical visits with broader efforts to address the overall wellness of its attendees. Available records, some with occasional clinical details, reveal the general spectrum of illnesses treated over a twelve-year span. Placed in today’s context, the medical care given at this center was simple and minimal. The social support it provided, however, was multifaceted. The center’s caring extended beyond providing medical attention to helping with education, nutrition, employment, transportation, and moral support. Thus, the social determinants of health (SDH), a prominent concern of present-day public health, was a concept already realized and practiced by these early twentieth-century Los Angeles Plaza community leaders. Such practices, although not yet nominally identified as SDH, had their beginnings in the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century social activism movement aiming to mitigate the social ills and inequities of emerging industrial nations. The PCC was one of the pioneers in this effort. Its concerns and successes in this area were sophisticated enough to be comparable to our current intentions and aspirations.
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Trisnawati, Elly. "PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DAYAK ASLI (KANAYATN) MELALUI MPLEMENTASI PENDAMPINGAN DESA SIAGA, AKSES PENDIDIKAN DAN SOSIAL EKONOMI." Jurnal Buletin Al-Ribaath 15, no. 1 (June 8, 2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29406/br.v15i1.1126.
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ABSTRACTLandak is one of the district with some area still far from optimal conditions, either health, education, nor economic sectors. Most of the people of Landak has graduated on elementary school (>50%), PHBS (Clean and Healthy Living Behaviour) problems become priority in health field. The economic conditions is in middle to lower category . One of the area in Landak, which still require efforts to improve human resources is Mempawah Hulu District which is dominated by Dayak Kanayatn tribe. The purpose of KKN-PPM activities in Kecamatan (Sub District) Mempawah Hulu is to empower the community in health, education and socio-economic sectors . The method implemented in order to empower the society , by a trigger role form and community , institutional reinforcement and community mobilization. Third partys in this activity is Kecamatan Mempawah Hulu along with three villages in the region districts and Puskesmas (Public Helath Center) Karangan. Through these activities, Alert village could be activated again. Establishment of PHBS (Clean and Healthy Living Behaviour) cadres, cadres Alert , pioneer of GENRE as well as an initiation of ODF hamlet can implemented . In the fields of education, it is formed reading house thet has the synergy with green school and formation learning group. In field of entrepreneurship, it is formed a catfish cultivation group and chicken boiler cultivation group as well formed group of entrepreneurship that has a society priority within its products originated from ingredients local . The expectation is that from the whole program has initiated, will be able to be applied on sustainable in three villages, namely Pahokng Village , Caokng and TunangKeyword : empowerment, alert village, entrepreneurship , Dayak Kanayatn
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Nuraini, M. S. Siti, and M. H. L. Betti Sharina. "Cancer Fundraising 1.0: A Pioneer Project to Finance Nutrition Education Programmes for Cancer Patients in National Cancer Institute, Putrajaya, Malaysia." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 249s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.99500.
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Amount raised: Dietitians of National Cancer Institute (NCI), Putrajaya, Malaysia has organized various activities in conjunction with Dietitians' Day 2017 celebration on 19 October 2017. Among the activities was a charity sale. During the event, healthy self-made ice creams were sold. At the end of the project, we managed to gather RM552 which was later spent for next project in Daycare Centre, NCI. Background and context: Malnutrition is a common problem among cancer patients and likely to develop or worsen during specific cancer treatments especially when early and appropriate nutritional intervention is not properly indicated. To address this issue, the Dietetics and Food Services Department of NCI has come up with the initiative to conduct a Nutrition Support Group (NSG) among cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in Daycare Centre, NCI. The NSG involves giving nutrition education to patients, discussion and sharing session among patients as well as food tasting of high-calorie high-protein recipes. To finance the project, the amount of money gathered from the charity sale was used. Aim: To raise fund for NSG at Daycare Centre, NCI. Strategy/Tactics: We aim to educate the public and cancer patients by promoting healthy desserts recipe using fresh and healthy ingredients. We decided to sell ice creams and provide recipes for everyone who purchased our products. We chose ice creams because Malaysia is located near the equator and the weather all year long is mostly warm. Malaysians usually enjoy ice cream during hot weather. Furthermore, cancer patients particularly those who are on treatment may develop oral ulcers and difficulty swallowing. This group of patients will benefit the coolness from ice cream to soothe their burning oral cavity. We created 3 different ice creams flavors; watermelon sorbet, chocolate banana peanut butter and mango madness. Program process: The charity sale was located at outpatient lobby, in front of Oncology Clinic. This was the most strategic location to attract the public and patients to our charity sale. The charity sale was a success as the ice creams were sold out within 2 hours. We also gathered some positive feedback from the customers regarding our ice creams. Costs and returns: The total production cost was RM350. Gross sale was RM552 with a net profit of RM202. With this amount, we were able to conduct NSG for 12 sessions from December 2017 to May 2018. Each session cost RM15 for purchasing items for food tasting. What was learned: We look forward to organize such event at a bigger scale to gather larger amount of financial resources. More education sessions have to be organized to help patients receive their targeted nutrition requirement. With this self-initiated fund-raising campaign, many more projects can be done without having to rely to the limited hospital budget.
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Patena, Wiktor, and Bartłomiej Kaszyk. "Commercialization as a Recommended Approach to Hospital Restructuring Case Study of Łańcut Medical Center." e-Finanse 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fiqf-2016-0113.
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Abstract Our society is on the brink of health care system reorganization and implementation of new medical technology. Hospitals have to be a core component of the medical revolution so they have to be prepared for the upcoming leap in their development. If Poland wants to be a pioneer in providing new medical solutions, the current ineffective system has to be changed. The necessary action should be taken to deal with the financial problems Polish hospitals have faced for over 20 years. The current structure of hospitals - SPZOZ, is old-fashioned and cannot adapt to a turbulent social and economic environment. The hospitals should be commercialized and restructured. Being capitalized companies will give incentives and new tools to deal with financial problems.The article presents an example of the commercialized hospital in Łańcut. We make the observations that commercialization increases: a hospital’s profitability, its employment productivity, its capital investment spending and leverage. The case proves that the transformation of hospitals to capital companies proposed by the Ministry of Health may be an appropriate approach and it does work once a reasonable management board is in charge. However, the legal structure alteration should be treated as the first step in the overall restructuring process. The article highlights the problem of managers of Polish hospitals who do not only struggle with financial shortages, but barely know which business model they should follow after commercialization to successfully run the restructuring process. Having examined the LMC the authors are crafting a prelude to the overall research on already commercialized hospitals to find an appropriate business model.
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Wong, Ian Yat Hin, Michael Yuxuan Ni, Irene Oi Ling Wong, Nellie Fong, and Gabriel M. Leung. "Saving sight in China and beyond: the Lifeline Express model." BMJ Global Health 3, no. 4 (August 2018): e000766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000766.
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Cataract and diabetic retinopathy are leading causes of blindness globally. Lifeline Express (LEX) has pioneered the provision of cataract surgery in rural China from custom-built trains and eye centres nationwide. Over the past two decades, LEX has provided free cataract surgery for over 180 000 patients in China. In China, half of the adult population has prediabetes and 113 million adults have diabetes. Recognising the rising threat of diabetic retinopathy, LEX has expanded to providing free diabetic retinopathy screening nationwide by establishing 29 Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Centres across China. Source of referrals included host hospitals, the community and out-reach mobile vans equipped with fundus cameras. Fundi photos taken in the mobile vans were electronically transferred to primary graders. LEX also leveraged the widespread smartphone use to provide electronic medical reports via WeChat, the most popular instant messenger app in China. From April 2014 to December 2016, 34 506 patients with diabetes underwent screening, of which 27.2% (9,396) were identified to have diabetic retinopathy. China’s latest national health strategy (‘Healthy China 2030 Plan’) has championed the ‘prevention first’ principle and early screening of chronic diseases. LEX has accordingly evolved to extend its services to save sight in China—from cataract surgery to diabetic retinopathy screening and most recently outreaching beyond its national borders in a pilot South–South collaboration. With health at the top of the China’s developmental agenda and the country’s growing role in global health—LEX’s large-scale telemedicine-enabled programme could represent a potentially scalable model for nationwide diabetic retinopathy screening elsewhere.
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Dolce, Maria C., Jessica L. Parker, Scott Jason, Catherine R. Ramos, and John D. DaSilva. "The Adaptation and Implementation of a Medical–Dental Electronic Health Record in an Academic Dental Center." ACI Open 03, no. 01 (January 2019): e37-e43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1688935.
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Background Several large health care systems in the United States have pioneered the integration of dentistry into their medical care delivery models. To date, no studies or case reports on combining medical information into the dental electronic health record within U.S. academic dental centers were found in the extant literature. Objective This report details how we developed and implemented customized primary care elements into axiUm, a popular dental practice management software primarily used in dental schools, to facilitate medical–dental clinical integration. This work was undertaken to provide the infrastructure for nurse practitioners and dentists to deliver a holistic, integrated, person-centered approach to care. Methods A multidisciplinary design team used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Framework for Patient-centered Health Risk Assessments, an evidence-based framework to guide the adaptation of the existing axiUm dental record. The design featured individual data fields to source data, generate reports, and analyze information to improve clinical care and operations. Results To date, medical information on more than 260 dental patients over 600 clinic visits has been documented in the adapted electronic health record. Conclusion The customization capability of axiUm facilitated efficient and effective development and implementation processes. Training and user support were essential for effective implementation and led to further system refinements.
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Lopes, Carolina, Ricardo Brandão, Ana Filipa Lopes, Roberto Sargo, María Casero, Carolina Nunes, Filipe Silva, Jitender P. Dubey, Luís Cardoso, and Ana Patrícia Lopes. "Prevalence of Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in Different Wild Bird Species Admitted to Rehabilitation Centres in Portugal." Pathogens 10, no. 9 (September 5, 2021): 1144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091144.
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Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide zoonotic parasite. According to the “One Health” approach, studies on toxoplasmosis are essential since it affects humans and domestic and wild animals. In the present study, antibodies to T. gondii were determined in serum samples from 263 wild birds located in five wildlife rehabilitation centres in mainland Portugal by using the modified agglutination test (MAT) with a cut-off titre of 20. An overall seroprevalence of 36.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.7–42.6) was observed. For the first time, antibodies to T. gondii were detected in some avian species, including pallid swift (Apus pallidus) (33.3%), black-backed gull (Larus fuscus) (39.3%), European turtle-dove (Streptopelia turtur) (100%), bee-eater (Merops apiaster) (50.0%), carrion crow (Corvus corone) (33.3%), and Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus) (100%), which expands the list of intermediate hosts of T. gondii. A lower seroprevalence was found in juvenile birds (31.9%) compared to adults (48.7%) (p = 0.016). The central region of Portugal was considered a risk factor for T. gondii infection in wild birds (odds ratio: 3.61; 95% CI: 1.09–11.91). This pioneer study calls attention to the need for further studies, to provide a clearer understanding of T. gondii epidemiology in Portugal, because it reflects wide dispersion of T. gondii oocysts in the environment.
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Binder, Nora. "David Kuchenbuch, Das Peckham‐Experiment. Eine Mikro‐ und Wissensgeschichte des Londoner „Pioneer Health Center“ im 20. Jahrhundert , (Industrielle Welt 88) Wien usw.: Böhlau 2014." Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte 39, no. 1 (February 29, 2016): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bewi.201601784.
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Halpern, Elizabeth Espindola, and Ligia Costa Leite. "O compromisso duplo de um ambulatório naval especializado em dependência química: com os pacientes e com a instituição." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 21, no. 1 (January 2016): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232015211.15022014.
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Resumo Um estudo pioneiro no Centro de Dependência Química (CEDEQ) da Marinha do Brasil (MB), por meio de uma etnografia, com observação participante, investigou a influência da MB na construção do alcoolismo dos pacientes. Este artigo apresenta um dos resultados da pesquisa, o duplo compromisso deste Ambulatório, com os pacientes e com a instituição. Os resultados abarcam temas como a organização e o funcionamento do CEDEQ, contrato terapêutico, anonimato e sigilo, altas, recaídas, abandonos e readmissão, ganhos secundários, “golpes” e sanções, além das percepções ambíguas sobre o tratamento. Em suma, tais achados esclarecem um pouco mais sobre os meandros institucionais que colaboram para a constituição do alcoolismo de muitos pacientes.
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Jones, David W. "Moral insanity and psychological disorder: the hybrid roots of psychiatry." History of Psychiatry 28, no. 3 (April 10, 2017): 263–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957154x17702316.
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This paper traces the significance of the diagnosis of ‘moral insanity’ (and the related diagnoses of ‘monomania’ and ‘ manie sans délire’) to the development of psychiatry as a profession in the nineteenth century. The pioneers of psychiatric thought were motivated to explore such diagnoses because they promised public recognition in the high status surroundings of the criminal court. Some success was achieved in presenting a form of expertise that centred on the ability of the experts to detect quite subtle, ‘psychological’ forms of dangerous madness within the minds of offenders in France and more extensively in England. Significant backlash in the press against these new ideas pushed the profession away from such psychological exploration and back towards its medical roots that located criminal insanity simply within the organic constitution of its sufferers.
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Kozlova, Anna. "How to Raise an Independent Soviet Citizen? Pedagogic Technologies of the Exemplary Pioneer Camps Artek and Orlyonok (1957–1991)." Antropologicheskij forum 16, no. 45 (2020): 75–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2020-16-45-75-115.
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The article discusses attempts to actualize the popular idea of the Soviet child as an active and autonomous subject; specifically, the way this project was realized by counselors and content developers of Artek and Orlyonok, exemplary camps of the USSR, in the 1960–1980s. The study is based on archival documents and retrospective interviews with employees of these children’s centers. The article investigates the reasons that led the ideologists of the Komsomol Central Committee to transform the health facility (where the actions of children were regulated by a strict regime) into a school for so-called pioneers and Komsomol activists (i.e. creative and initiative children) in 1957. Moreover, the reflections of tutors on the methods of implementing this task in the conditions of an “overorganized” institutional order are analyzed. Attention is drawn to the fact that the technology developed in the late Soviet era for raising “self-sufficiency and initiative” in children (triggered by the request of the Komsomol Central Committee) began, over time, to be interpreted by former Artek and Orlyonok employees as a grassroots innovative child-centred approach, defined as radically different from the Soviet pedagogical tradition. To explain the conflict between the appointment of state order and its perception, the article employs the theory of “strategies” and “tactics” developed by Michel de Certeau.
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Hojs, Nina, William H. Fissell, and Shuvo Roy. "Ambulatory Hemodialysis-Technology Landscape and Potential for Patient-Centered Treatment." Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 15, no. 1 (November 14, 2019): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2215/cjn.01970219.
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CKD is a worldwide health problem and the number of patients requiring kidney replacement therapy is rising. In the United States, most patients with ESKD rely on in-center hemodialysis, which is burdensome and does not provide the same long-term benefits as kidney transplantation. Intensive hemodialysis treatments have demonstrated improved clinical outcomes, but its wider adoption is limited by equipment complexity and patient apprehension. Ambulatory devices for hemodialysis offer the potential for self-care treatment outside the clinical setting as well as frequent and prolonged sessions. This article explains the motivation for ambulatory hemodialysis and provides an overview of the necessary features of key technologies that will be the basis for new wearable and implantable devices. Early work by pioneers of hemodialysis is described followed by recent experience using a wearable unit on patients. Finally, ongoing efforts to develop an implantable device for kidney replacement and its potential for implantable hemodialysis are presented.
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Su, Meng, Qiuli Zhang, Jiapeng Lu, Xi Li, Na Tian, Yun Wang, Winnie Yip, et al. "Protocol for a nationwide survey of primary health care in China: the China PEACE (Patient-centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events) MPP (Million Persons Project) Primary Health Care Survey." BMJ Open 7, no. 8 (August 2017): e016195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016195.
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IntroductionChina has pioneered advances in primary health care (PHC) and public health for a large and diverse population. To date, the current state of PHC in China has not been subjected to systematic assessments. Understanding variations in primary care services could generate opportunities for improving the structure and function of PHC.Methods and analysisThis paper describes a nationwide PHC study (PEACE MPP Primary Health Care Survey) conducted across 31 provinces in China. The study leverages an ongoing research project, the China Patient-centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events (PEACE) Million Persons Project (MPP). It employs an observational design with document acquisition and abstraction and in-person interviews. The study will collect data and original documents on the structure and financing of PHC institutions and the adequacy of the essential medicines programme; the education, training and retention of the PHC workforce; the quality of care; and patient satisfaction with care. The study will provide a comprehensive assessment of current PHC services and help determine gaps in access and quality of care. All study instruments and documents will be deposited in the Document Bank as an open-access source for other researchers.Ethics and disseminationThe central ethics committee at the China National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease (NCCD) approved the study. Written informed consent has been obtained from all patients. Findings will be disseminated in future peer reviewed papers, and will inform strategies aimed at improving the PHC in China.Trial registration numberNCT02953926
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Whitehead, Angela T. "Rejecting Organs: The Organ Allocation Process and the Americans with Disabilities Act." American Journal of Law & Medicine 24, no. 4 (1998): 481–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800010534.
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On January 23, 1996, thirty-five-year-old Sandra Jensen became a pioneer in medical history as the first person with Down's Syndrome to undergo heart and lungs transplants. Based on her mental retardation, Stanford University and the University of California at San Diego initially rejected Jensen's candidacy for the procedure. The surgeons believed that a person with Down's Syndrome lacked the mental capacity to navigate through possible complications that could occur after the transplantation, even though Jensen, a disabilities activist, had lived on her own since the age of twenty. Eventually, overwhelming pressure from community members, advocacy groups, family and friends forced the hospitals to reconsider and, after closer inquiry, Stanford surgeons admitted to misjudging Jensen's ability to comprehend her condition and to handle her own care. A month after surgery, Jensen took her first trip outside Stanford Medical Center to begin her journey toward recovery.Jensen expressed the hope that her story would “open doors for others with disabilities who are in need of transplants.” In fact, her experience prompted local politicians to consider legislation barring discrimination against mentally disabled individuals in need of transplants.
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Satpathi, JN, Chitra Satpathi, and Gurudas Ghosh. "Role of IASLIC in Developing Computer Skills Among LIS Professionals in India." Bangladesh Journal of Library and Information Science 2, no. 1 (December 12, 2012): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjlis.v2i1.12917.
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Indian Association of Special Libraries & Information Centres (IASLIC) is a pioneer association in India that has been working for the development of library and information services since its inception in 1955. IASLIC has adopted various multifaceted activities for the healthy growth of library services and to safeguard the interest of library professionals as well as library users. IASLIC has been working to resolve various discrepancies particularly in selection of hardware and library software packages, interchange formats, training for digitization and to set a standard that ideally suits the most of the libraries in our country. After introduction of computer applications in LIS in the later part of 1980s, libraries urgently required adequate computer trained workforce to perform library services. Understanding the scenario and anticipating the future needs, IASLIC has been giving prime importance to manpower development programme. A brief overview of IASLIC activities like Conferences, Seminars, Workshops, Study Circles, Special Interest Groups, publications, lectures by experts, etc. related to computer training organized by IASLIC and its role as a advisory organization to Government for making policies related to LIS has also described in this article. Bangladesh Journal of Library and Information Science Vol.2(1) July 2012 pp.39-47DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjlis.v2i1.12917
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Davis, Austen, and Damian G. Walker. "On the Path to UHC – Global Evidence Must Go Local to Be Useful Comment on "Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Is Published: A Theory of Change Is Needed for Translating Evidence to Health Policy"." International Journal of Health Policy and Management 8, no. 3 (December 10, 2018): 181–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2018.118.
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The Disease Control Priorities (DCP) publications have pioneered new ways of thinking about investing in health. We agree with Norheim, that a useful first step to advance efforts to translate DCP’s global evidence into local health priorities, is to develop a clear Theory of Change (ToC). However, a ToC that aims to define how global evidence (DCP and others) can be used to inform national policy is too narrow an undertaking. We propose efforts should be directed towards developing a ToC to define how to support progressive institutional development to deliver on universal health coverage (UHC), putting the client at the center. Enhancing efforts to meet the new global health imperatives requires a shift in focus of attention to move radically from global to local. In order to achieve this we need to reorganize the nature of technical assistance (TA) along three major lines (1) examine and act to clarify the mandates and roles to be played by multilateral normative and convening agencies, (2) ensure detailed understanding of local institutions, their needs and their demands, and (3) provide TA over time and in trust with local counterparts. This last requirement implies the need for long-term local presence as well as an international network of expertise centers, to share scarce technical capabilities as well as to learn together across country engagements. Financing will need to be reorganized to incentivize and support demand-led capacity strengthening.
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Trejo, Roxana, and Solange G. Koretzky. "1190. Hygiene of the Hands 90/90: A Program of Continuous Improvement for the Compliance of the Hygiene of the Hands." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1053.
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Abstract Background Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, which translates into an increase in the days of hospitalization and costs of care. The research of hand hygiene in health workers demonstrate that this action decreases the spread of pathogens; however, the compliance of hand hygiene remains low among health workers. Hand hygiene is a cheap method to prevent infections. It has been estimated that the total cost of hand hygiene promotion represents <1% of the costs associated with the HAIs. Our goal is to strengthen the culture of hand hygiene (In and Out) in all health professionals in a period of 90 days, achieving a 90% compliance. Methods The ABC Medical Center is a high specialty hospital, on average it has 465 beds. The program led by the Epidemiology Unit was formed by a multidisciplinary team with the patriation of leaders of different areas (Epidemiology, Nursing, Physicians, Human resources, Quality and Teaching). We used the “WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care” consisting of: (1) system change, (2) training for employees, (3) evaluation and feedback, (4) a reminder at the workplace, (5) institutional security climate, (6) monitoring of the compliance to hand hygiene: The monitoring of the evaluation personnel was carried out in two stages, when entering and leaving the patient’s room. Results A total of 9,732 observations were made, of which 55.32% went to the nursing staff, 22.80% to doctors and 21.87% to the hospital staff. The compliance of the hand hygiene at the beginning of the program was 70%, by the and the 91% was reached. Sustainability has been maintained through continuous campaigns of the importance of hand hygiene reaching a 98% adherence to hands hygiene in 2018. The behavior of HAIs is notorious since at the beginning of the program there was a rate of 0.95 and by 2018, with the increase in compliance to hand hygiene, it decreased to 0.56. Conclusion The 90/90 Hand Hygiene program is a pioneer in its modality for the implementation of the program in a short period of time and excellence in its scope. It is confirmed that leadership is essential and strategic to ensure quality and safety in patient care. Through the incentive to the staff a clear sense of participation and belonging to the institution is achieved Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Gandaho, Hugues Jean Thierry, Madougou Soumaila, Isaac Hoinsou-Hans, Gautier M. M. Djrolo, Audrey A. S. Zevounou, and Amos O. Adeleye. "Main Neurosurgical Pathologies in Benin Republic." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 07, S 01 (December 2016): S052—S056. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-3147.196442.
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ABSTRACT Background: Benin republic is a very low-income French-speaking country in West Africa The development of Neurosurgery in the Republic of Benin took off with the arrival of the first Beninese neurosurgeons in the year 2003. Aims: This study aims to evaluate patients’ attendance in a public neurosurgical center, and appreciate populations’ affordability to a new specialty. Settings and Design: In the year 2004, the Benin Armed Forces established the first Department of Neurosurgery in the Nation’s Military Teaching Hospital. From the public authorities, that was a proof of motivation to develop this specialty in the Benin Republic. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional survey (September 2003 to December 2009) of the total neurosurgical patient population managed in a public pioneer hospital in a developing country. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were captured and analyzed with the SPSS software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and presented in descriptive statistics such as frequencies and proportions. Results: 2908 new patients, civilians, and militaries were registered. The surgical treatment was offered adult (86%) as well as pediatric (14%) patients. Spinal degenerative diseases (52.1%) were the most common pathology; neurotraumatology emergency cases (8.4%) appeared low in representation. Three-quarters of patients experienced financial difficulties to procure the required radiologic investigations and although 609 (20.94%) benefited from surgery, most patients could not pay for the surgical operations as well as the perioperative care. Conclusions: In spite of the great constraints of this country’s privately-funded health-care delivery system on the affordability of neurosurgical treatment for the average Beninese, this study demonstrates a globally increasing attendance of the department.
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Hawco, Cassandra, and Robyn L. Houlden. "LONG TERM FOLLOW-UP OF ONE OF THE FIRST PATIENTS TO RECEIVE HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE THERAPY." AACE Clinical Case Reports 6, no. 5 (September 2020): e262-e264. http://dx.doi.org/10.4158/accr-2020-0278.
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Objective: Treatment of growth hormone (GH) deficiency with GH extracts from human pituitary glands was introduced by Dr. Maurice Raben at Tufts New England Medical Center in 1956. We report long term follow-up of one of the first patients treated with GH. Methods: Clinical, radiographic, and genetic data are presented. Results: A 78-year-old man presented for follow-up. He was one of the first patients to receive GH therapy from Raben in 1958. Growth was reported as normal until age 3 and then decelerated. At age 17 years, he was 129.5 cm with absent sexual development and bone age of 7 years. Treatment was initiated with desiccated thyroid and cortisone acetate for 8 months. Human GH extract was then initiated with 2 mg 3 times/week for 2 years, then 3 mg 3 times/week for 6 months, resulting in a final height of 168.9 cm. Testosterone intramuscularly every 2 weeks was added with sexual maturation over 2 years. He remained on testosterone injections until the age of 40 years, and on transdermal testosterone until the age of 50 years. At age 27 years, he was treated by Raben with human chorionic gonadotropin and menotropins for spermatogenesis restoration with successful conception by his wife. At age 78 years, pituitary MRI revealed a tiny amount of pituitary tissue within normal-sized sella turcica with absent pituitary infundibulum. A combined pituitary hormone deficiency genetic panel did not reveal any mutations. Conclusion: Sixty-two years later, the patient remains in good health and grateful to a pioneer in Endocrinology for groundbreaking therapy of short stature. The cause of his hypopituitarism remains unknown.
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Bailly, A. S. "Une Géo-politique de la Regio Genevensis." Geographica Helvetica 42, no. 3 (September 30, 1987): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gh-42-191-1987.
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Abstract. The Franco-Geneva region has been a pioneer region since the establishment of a "Transborder Commission" in 1973 which deals with international problems. One of the most important results of this international Cooperation was a financial agreement. 3.5% of the wages earned by the French frontaliers working in the Canton of Geneva are redistributed to French regional authorities. The total amount which was 10 million Swiss francs (for 25 000 workers) in 1974 has risen to 40 million Swiss francs at present. It allows local communities to finance infrastructures and Services for the resident population. This agreement is a model case in Europe. However, not all the problems related to the presence of a national boundary dividing an economic region and a labour market are solved.The French side of the region is often regarded as a peripheral area for Geneva. As its agricultural belt and recreational zone with secondary homes, skiing areas and regional parks, it offers Services to the overcrowded Center. Owing to the centralization, however, the French population does not benefit from all the Services offered by the government of Geneva. France has its own Systems of education, public health and administration. Even if people live and act in this regional entity, administrative barriers are still in effect. Solving common problems are one of the main objectives of local authorities in order to create a real Regio Genevensis. While the private sector can deal with local adavantages on each side of the border with relative ease, it takes longer for the "national System" to react to the evolutionary trend toward a closer Cooperation.
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Tamrat, Lemlem, and Ewenat Gebrehanna. "Patterns of ocular morbidity among kidney transplant recipients in Ethiopia." International Journal of Scientific Reports 7, no. 3 (February 20, 2021): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20210543.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Of all organ transplant procedures renal transplantation has become a very successful and routine procedure. Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College is a pioneer and is the only center providing kidney transplant in Ethiopia. Even if this is a life changing and exiting addition to the countries’ health service coverage, its long term outcomes including various complications is not yet assessed. Therefore, the aim of this study is to describe ocular morbidities among kidney transplant recipients in Ethiopia. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Cross sectional descriptive study was undertaken from October 2017 to December 2018. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> There were a total of 135 individuals who underwent renal transplant procedure including 95 (70.4%) male and 40 (29.6 %) female. The median age was 32 years. The cause of renal diseases is not known in majority 112 (83%) of the study subjects. More than 95% of all the study subjects were on multiple immunosuppressant therapy. Of all the individuals examined 128 (94.8%) of them have one or more ocular morbidities. Dry eye 76 (50.7%), optic neuropathies 12 (8%), retinal pigmentary changes 11 (7.3%) and cataract 9 (6%) were frequently observed eye morbidities. There were no significant sight threatening conditions observed in relation to the immunosuppressive therapy or the diseases itself.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Dry eye is the commonest eye morbidity among kidney transplant patients.</p>
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Rabiu, Taopheeq Bamidele, and Edward Oluwole Komolafe. "Neurosurgery in rural Nigeria: A prospective study." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 7, no. 04 (April 2016): 485–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-3147.188624.
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ABSTRACT Background: Africa has very few neurosurgeons. These are almost exclusively in urban centers. Consequently, people in rural areas, most of the African population, have poor or no access to neurosurgical care. We have recently pioneered rural neurosurgery in Nigeria. Objectives: This report details our initial experiences and the profile of neurosurgical admissions in our center. Methods: A prospective observational study of all neurosurgical patients managed at a rural tertiary health institution in Nigeria from December 2010 to May 2012 was done. Simple descriptive data analysis was performed. Results: A total of 249 males (75.2%) and 82 females (24.8%) were managed. The median age was 37 years (range: Day of birth – 94 years). Trauma was the leading cause of presentation with 225 (68.0%) and 35 (10.6%) having sustained head and spinal injuries, respectively. Operative intervention was performed in 54 (16.3%). Twenty-four (7.2%) patients discharged against medical advice, mostly for economic reasons. Most patients (208, 63.4%) had satisfactory outcome while 30 (9.1%) died. Conclusion: Trauma is the leading cause of rural neurosurgical presentations. There is an urgent need to improve access to adequate neurosurgical care in the rural communities.
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Pransky, Joanne. "The Pransky interview: Dr Maja Matarić, Professor, University of Southern California; Pioneer, field of socially assistive robotics; co-founder of Embodied." Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application 46, no. 3 (May 20, 2019): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-04-2019-0069.
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Purpose The following paper is a “Q&A interview” conducted by Joanne Pransky of Industrial Robot Journal as a method to impart the combined technological, business and personal experience of a prominent, robotic industry PhD and innovator regarding her pioneering efforts and the challenges of bringing a technological invention to market. This paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The interviewee is Dr Maja Matarić, Chan Soon-Shiong Distinguished Professor in the Computer Science Department, Neuroscience Program, and the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Southern California, founding director of the USC Robotics and Autonomous Systems Center (RASC), co-director of the USC Robotics Research Lab and Vice Dean for Research in the USC Viterbi School of Engineering. In this interview, Matarić shares her personal and business perspectives on socially assistive robotics. Findings Matarić received her PhD in Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence from MIT in 1994, MS in Computer Science from MIT in 1990 and BS in Computer Science from the University of Kansas in 1987. Inspired by the vast potential for affordable human-centered technologies, she went on to found and direct the Interaction Lab, initially at Brandeis University and then at the University of Southern California. Her lab works on developing human–robot non-physical interaction algorithms for supporting desirable behavior change; she has worked with a variety of beneficiary user populations, including children with autism, elderly with Alzheimer’s, stroke survivors and teens at risk for Type 2 diabetes, among others. Originality/value Matarić is a pioneer of the field of socially assistive robotics (SAR) with the goal of improving user health and wellness, communication, learning and autonomy. SAR uses interdisciplinary methods from computer science and engineering as well as cognitive science, social science and human studies evaluation, to endow robots with the ability to assist in mitigating critical societal problems that require sustained personalized support to supplement the efforts of parents, caregivers, clinicians and educators. Matarić is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Fellow of the IEEE and AAAI, recipient of the Presidential Awards for Excellence in Science, Mathematics & Engineering Mentoring (PAESMEM), the Anita Borg Institute Women of Vision Award for Innovation, Okawa Foundation Award, NSF Career Award, the MIT TR35 Innovation Award, the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society Early Career Award and has received many other awards and honors. She was featured in the science documentary movie “Me & Isaac Newton”, in The New Yorker (“Robots that Care” by Jerome Groopman, 2009), Popular Science (“The New Face of Autism Therapy”, 2010), the IEEE Spectrum (“Caregiver Robots”, 2010), and is one of the LA Times Magazine 2010 Visionaries. Matarić is the author of a popular introductory robotics textbook, “The Robotics Primer” (MIT Press 2007), an associate editor of three major journals and has published extensively.
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Booth, Sara, and Miriam J. Johnson. "Improving the quality of life of people with advanced respiratory disease and severe breathlessness." Breathe 15, no. 3 (September 2019): 198–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/20734735.0200-2019.
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Advanced respiratory disease imposes a greater symptom burden than many cancers but not does have comparable recognition of the need for supportive and palliative care or the infrastructure for its systematic delivery. Consequently, many people with advanced respiratory disease (and those closest to them) have a poor quality of life, disabled by chronic breathlessness, fatigue and other symptoms. They are socially isolated by the consequences of long-term illness and are often financially impoverished. The past decade has seen an increasing realisation that care for this group must improve and that symptom management must be prioritised. Clinical guidelines recommend person-centred care, including access to supportive and palliative care as needed, as part of standard medical practice. Advanced lung disease clinics and specialist breathlessness services (pioneered within palliative care) are developing within respiratory medicine services but are provided inconsistently.This review covers the comprehensive assessment of the patient with advanced respiratory disease, the importance of supporting carers and the current best practice in the management of breathlessness, fatigue and cough. It also suggests ways to incorporate person-centred care into the general respiratory clinic, assisted by better liaison with specialist palliative and primary care. Emerging evidence shows that excellent symptom management leads to better clinical outcomes and reduces inappropriate use of emergency medical services.Key pointsPeople living with advanced respiratory disease and severe chronic breathlessness (and those closest to them) have a poor quality of life.Chronic breathlessness is a disabling symptom, and acute-on-chronic/episodic breathlessness is frightening to experience and observe.Chronic breathlessness imposes profound physical limitations and psychosocial burdens on those suffering from it or living with someone experiencing it.Fatigue and cough are two other cardinal symptoms of advanced respiratory disease, with very detrimental effects on quality of life.The impact of all these symptoms can be alleviated to a variable extent by a predominantly non-drug complex intervention.Many of the interventions are delivered primarily by allied health or nursing professionals.Doctors, nurses and other health professionals also need to play an active part in promoting quality of life as part of excellent medical care.A person-centred, psychologically informed approach is needed by all clinicians treating patients with advanced respiratory disease.Educational aimsTo give specialist respiratory clinicians practical clinical tools to help improve the quality of life of their patients with advanced respiratory disease and chronic breathlessness.To outline the evidence base for these interventions with reference to definitive sources.To highlight the importance of person-centred care in people with respiratory disease at all stages of illness.
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Chepo, Macarena, Sofía Astorga-Pinto, and Báltica Cabieses. "Atención inicial de migrantes en Chile: iniciativa en atención primaria de salud a un año de su implementación." Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 43 (September 6, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2019.71.
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Objetivo. Describir las características sociodemográficas, necesidades de salud, derivaciones efectivas realizadas y evaluación inmediata de la población migrante internacional que participó en el Programa de Atención Inicial al Migrante durante el primer año de ejecución (entre mayo y diciembre del año 2016), implementado en el Centro de Salud Familiar Ignacio Domeyko, Santiago de Chile. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo. Se diseñó e implementó una intervención para dar bienvenida a migrantes internacionales, que contemplaba la evaluación integral inicial, el diagnóstico de situación y detección de necesidades y derivación a otras atenciones, y la entrega de información. Para el análisis se describen, por medio de medidas de tendencia central y frecuencias absolutas y relativas, las características sociodemográficas, el proceso migratorio, las necesidades de salud, el cumplimento de derivaciones a un año de seguimiento y los resultados de la encuesta de satisfacción usuaria. Resultados. Se inscribieron 436 personas, de las cuales asistieron 270 (61,9%). El 80% eran mujeres, provenientes en su mayoría de Perú y Venezuela. La principal derivación realizada fue a control de embarazo (32,6%), seguido de planificación familiar (30%) y servicios sociales (27,04%). A un año de seguimiento, las derivaciones para controles cardiovasculares alcanzaron 100% de cumplimiento, 97,7% para embarazo y 87,7% para servicios sociales. El menor cumplimiento en las derivaciones fue a salud mental (11,1%). Conclusiones. Esta intervención, pionera en Chile, permitió dar bienvenida y proporcionar información clave a la población migrante internacional, así como también realizar derivaciones basadas en necesidades de salud y promover la inserción de la población inmigrante al sistema de salud chileno.
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Espinoza, Claudio, Paula Contreras, and Luis Campos. "CICLO DE CONVERSACIONES ANTROPOLOGÍAS DEL SUR: PEDRO MEGE ROSSO." Antropologías del Sur 8, no. 15 (June 29, 2021): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.25074/rantros.v8i15.2047.
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En esta quinta entrevista del ciclo de conversaciones Antropologías del Sur, cuyo fin es revisar y pensar formas no hegemónicas de la disciplina, se presenta la trayectoria académica e intelectual de Pedro Mege Rosso (Viña del Mar, 1957), quien realizó sus estudios de antropología en la Universidad de Chile a fines de los años setenta, relatándonos las diversas experiencias de haber estudiado antropología en plena dictadura militar y cómo dicho contexto marcó la disciplina. La entrevista nos muestra los diversos lugares en que Pedro ha ejercido la antropología, desde sus inicios en el museo Precolombino, hasta su paso por distintas entidades académicas como la Universidad de la Republica, la Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano, donde fue director de la Escuela de Antropología y la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, donde actualmente es director del Centro de Estudios Interculturales e Indígenas (CIIR). En este recorrido, Pedro ha sido multifacético y se ha especializado en diferentes temáticas como son la lingüística, la etnolingüística, la semiótica, los textiles mapuche, la iconología, entre otros; y ha sido pionero en el desarrollo de la antropología poética, la antropología jurídica y la antropología visual en nuestro país. La entrevista y los relatos que de ella emergen son una invitación para conocer parte de la historia de la antropología en Chile, su presente y sus proyecciones.
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Yakovleva, N. M., and P. P. Yakovlev. "Latin America: The Road to Coronacrisis." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 13, no. 5 (November 27, 2020): 73–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2020-13-5-5.
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Among all the regions of the world, Latin America has been the most vulnerable to the spread of the coronavirus epidemic. The COVID-19 pandemic not only exposed the weaknesses of national health systems, but also served as a catalyst for the crisis socio-economic phenomena that have developed in the region over the past decade. The impact of the pandemic should serve Latin America as a clear lesson and motivate the local political and business establishment to make a significant adjustment to the content of the regional development strategy. It is logical, in our opinion, to raise the question of rethinking the role of the state in public life, the development of a modern, meeting the requirements of the moment, the Latin American concept of epidemiological and socio-economic security. In the post-covid period, at the center of public attention and targeted government efforts ought to be the challenges of radically improving health care through the priority development of those sectors of the economy that can provide diversification and, as a result, increase the level of crisis-sustainability of Latin American states. First of all, they should focus on the manufacturing industry, including the production of a wide range of medicines and equipment, as well as the sectors that ensure the development and modernization of socio-economic infrastructure: utilities, transport, alternative energy, telecommunications. In the field of international relations, the importance of cooperation with those States that have pioneered the development of COVID-19 coronavirus vaccines has increased significantly. In this context, it must be mentioned the interest that the registration in the Russian Federation of the first domestic vaccine Sputnik V provoked in Latin America.
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Deinhardt, Katrin, and Giampietro Schiavo. "Endocytosis and retrograde axonal traffic in motor neurons." Biochemical Society Symposia 72 (January 1, 2005): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bss0720139.
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Spinal cord motor neurons control voluntary movement by relaying messages that arrive from upper brain centres to the innervated muscles. Despite the importance of motor neurons in human health and disease, the precise control of their membrane dynamics and its effect on motor neuron homoeostasis and survival are poorly understood. In particular, the molecular basis of the co-ordination of specific endocytic events with the axonal retrograde transport pathway is largely unknown. To study these important vesicular trafficking events, we pioneered the use of atoxic fragments of tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins to follow endocytosis and retrograde axonal transport in motor neurons. These neurotoxins bind specifically to pre-synaptic nerve terminals, where they are internalized. Whereas botulinum neurotoxins remain at the neuromuscular junction, tetanus toxin is retrogradely transported along the axon to the cell body, where it is released into the intersynaptic space and is internalized by adjacent inhibitory interneurons. The high neurospecificity and the differential intracellular sorting make tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins ideal tools to study neuronal physiology. In the present review, we discuss recent developments in our understanding of the internalization and trafficking of these molecules in spinal cord motor neurons. Furthermore, we describe the development of a reliable transfection method for motor neurons based on microinjection, which will be extremely useful for dissecting further the molecular basis of membrane dynamics and axonal transport in these cells.
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Esteban, Manuel, and Walt Schafer. "Confronting College Student Drinking." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 1–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v3i1.1739.
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California State University, Chico is a mid-sized, comprehensive public university with a bright history. This campus has a long and proud legacy of academic quality and notable accomplishments by faculty and students. This positive history, however, has been clouded by a darker story. At the center of this shadow side is student alcohol abuse and the school’s reputation as a “party school.” To be sure, this “party school” story has been embellished by mass media and hand-me-down tales of drinking bravado. Still, student drinking has long been a challenge for campus leaders at CSU, Chico, constantly threatening the quality of academic life, as well as student health and safety. This report describes the history of the student alcohol issue at CSU, Chico and of campus efforts to prevent alcohol abuse. After placing this campus’ experience in a national context, we trace the origins and course of the “party school” legacy at CSU, Chico from the 1920s onward. We then describe the beginnings of prevention efforts in focused prevention efforts after the infamous Pioneer Days riot of 1987. Recent data on student drinking are presented, based on questionnaires and breath-testing surveys. We then describe how the campus has sought to broaden and intensify its prevention efforts within a social ecology framework. These steps have focused on shaping conditions in the campus and community likely to influence students’ choices about drinking. Longitudinal data are then presented to address whether these efforts have made a difference. Lessons are drawn, and recommendations are offered other college campuses for preventing student alcohol abuse. These recommendations assume that student alcohol abuse is a multi-causal problem, the result of a host of influences, including societal context, family background, attitudes and values, community context, and curricular and co-curricular factors on the campus. Therefore, prevention programs must be comprehensive, focusing both on students’ own attitudes and on environmental influences within the institution’s control in the community and campus. The social ecology framework with its focus on the individual and on environmental management is very useful for guiding such efforts
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Burns, Chester R. "Jake W. SpidleJr, Doctors of Medicine in New Mexico: a history of health and medical practice 1886–1986, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 1986, pp. xvi, 384, illus. $29.95; idem, The Lovelace Medical Center: pioneer in American health care, Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 1987, pp. xii, 217, illus., $27.50." Medical History 32, no. 4 (October 1988): 468–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025727300048626.
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Dorasamy, Nirmala, and Renitha Rampersad. "Perceptions on a student leadership development initiative." Corporate Ownership and Control 12, no. 1 (2014): 802–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv12i1c9p4.
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Leadership development involves the empowerment and preparation of individuals to be social change agents by developing their understanding of others and self awareness of their roles and responsibilities as leaders in different contexts. In the South African context, student representative councils (SRCs) at universities is an important mechanism to ensure that all South African students receive quality higher education in a safe, disciplined and healthy environment, that is underpinned by access, success and equity which are critical areas of focus in the transformation process. SRCs, as a well organized body, with the necessary skills can channel their capability and commitment toward improving university life for students. As Fullan (1993:182) argues that we hardly know anything about what students think about educational change because no one ever asks them. A student leadership initiative can be a potential for change in universities, since students as the “guardians of the existing culture can be the final arbiters of any change” (Wideen, 1992: 182). Further, by harnessing SRCs as potential reinforcers for improvement, there is more concern with the process through which successful change can be introduced in universities. Since SRCs are vested with the authority to contribute to good governance within universities, students place their trust in it. Therefore, SRCs need the requisite skills to make decisions that do not compromise the interests of students whom they represent. The study aimed to examine student perceptions and expectations of leadership through democratic deliberation at the Durban University of Technology (DUT), in partnership with the International Centre on Non Violence (ICON) and The African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Conflicts (ACCORD). The student leadership course was a pioneer initiative for student leaders, comprising of local and international students studying at DUT. The rationale for this was the identified need for focused research into what student leaders perceive leadership to be and the value they derive from attending leadership initiatives. The partners felt it important to document student voices through a leadership initiative. The narrative, through a qualitative analysis, captured the contradictions and conflicting challenges student leaders face today, which are always problematic and dynamic, especially when public interests are not at the forefront of the agenda. Students stated that the course was beneficial, because it helped to: focus on purpose and goals of being SRC members; understand cultural diversity; show more interest in developing leadership skills as a collective; gain a sense of clarity of personal and university values; gain improved negotiation, conflict resolution and decision making skills; deal better with complex issues; and willing are able to use leadership practices for the benefit of all stakeholders. It is ultimately envisaged that the leadership initiative will be extended beyond the frontiers of DUT to other local, national and possibly international higher education institutions. As part of an on-going series of courses relating to student leadership, it is expected that such initiatives with the university partners will strengthen the effectiveness of student leaders, thereby contributing to the process of higher education transformation
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Niederwieser, Dietger, Marcelo C. Pasquini, Mahmoud D. Aljurf, Dennis L. Confer, Helen Baldomero, Luis Fernando Bouzas, Mary M. Horowitz, et al. "Global Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) At One Million: An Achievement Of Pioneers and Foreseeable Challenges For The Next Decade. A Report From The Worldwide Network For Blood and Marrow Transplantation (WBMT)." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 2133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.2133.2133.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Since the first report by Nobel laureate, the late E. Donnall Thomas (NEJM, 1957, 257), HSCT has developed from an experimental to an established curative treatment for many congenital or acquired disorders of the hematopoietic system. The key steps of this success story are linked to progress in tissue typing, donor selection, supportive care and immunosuppression and fostered by intensive collaboration of physicians around the world through outcome and donor registries. The WBMT, a federation and official Non-governmental Organization of the World Health Organization, has collected HSCT activity data from its member societies and from national registries not part of an international HSCT society. Data collection did include the first transplants by ED Thomas and the first global report by M. Bortin (Transplantation 1970, 571). European data were derived from the Med A form of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation-EBMT for the years 1965-1989 and from the annual activity survey since 1990. Non-European data back to 1969 were provided by the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research-CIBMTR, with additional recent data provided by the Asia-Pacific Blood and Marrow Transplantation Group (APBMT, since 1974), the Australasian Bone Marrow Transplant Recipient Registry (ABMTRR, since 1980), the Eastern Mediterranean Blood and Marrow Transplantation Group (EMBMT, since 1984), the Canadian Blood and Marrow Transplantation Group (CGBMT, since 2002), the Latin American Blood and Marrow Transplantation Group (LABMT, since 2009) and the African Blood and Marrow Transplant Group (AFBMT, since 2010). Double reporting was minimized by crosschecking registries and unrelated donations. Missing data from a few regions in 2012 were extrapolated from previous years assuming a 5% increase. As of December 2012, the 1450 transplant centers from 72 countries over 5 continents had reported 1.000.000 HSCT (58% autologous, 42% allogeneic). The dramatic recent increase in rate of utilization of HSCT is illustrated by the fact that there were 10.000 HSCTs worldwide by 1985, 50.000 by 1990, 100.000 by 1994, 500.000 by 2004 and 1.000.000 by December 2012. The absolute and relative contribution differed significantly with Europe providing 53%, the Americas 31%, Australasia 14% and Eastern-Mediterranean and Africa 2% to the total HSCT number (allogeneic HSCT: 45%, 32%, 20% and 3%; autologous HSCT: 58%, 31%, 10% and 1%). The increase in activity has been almost linear over the past 55 years with two exceptions, a decrease in autologous HSCT for breast cancer from 1999 especially in the Americas and a decrease in allogeneic HSCT for CML after 2000 seen everywhere except in the Eastern-Mediterranean/African region. The rise in HSCT numbers during the last decade was mainly due to an increase in allogeneic HSCT from unrelated donors; the relative increase being highest in Australasia. Recent growth was primarily due to increases in activity in existing transplant centers, rather than in the number of transplant centers. The main indications for autologous HSCT today are lymphoproliferative disorders 87% (myeloma 46% and lymphoma 41%), solid tumors 8.6% and AML 2.75%; for allogeneic HSCT leukemias 73% (AML 34.6%; ALL 16.8%; CML 4%; myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative disorders 13.3%; CLL 2.9% and other leukemias 1%), lymphoproliferative disorders 14.3% and bone marrow failure syndromes 5.5%. In 2010, cord blood was used as stem cell source in 19% of unrelated HSCT. These data were compiled through collaboration of the global HSCT community. Global collaboration has also been essential for the diffusion of HSCT as a therapy and especially for unrelated HSCT. More than 22 million unrelated donors are available today from a global network (World Marrow Donor Association, WMDA) of donor registries and cord blood banks and about 30% of unrelated HSCT involve a donor and recipient in different countries. The success of HSCT serves as a model for organ repair by the use of healthy stem cells and as a model for global cooperation in meeting the needs of an international patient population. These data also illustrate the challenges for the global medical community in providing state of the art care in regions with constrained resources and the need to find ways to make the therapy more available in order to provide better outcomes for patients with life-threatening but potentially curable diseases. Disclosures: Gluckman: Cord use: Honoraria; gamida: Honoraria.
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Yitzchak Goldstein, D., Jacob Rand, and Lucia R. Wolgast. "Analysis Of a Single Institutional Cohort Of 20,593 Patients Tested For Antiphospholipid Antibodies Indicates Significant Prospective Risk For Thrombosis." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 2366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.2366.2366.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background Quantification of the risk associated with positive antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies has been problematic since previous assessments have relied on observing relatively small study populations or meta-analyses of collected larger groups. There would be a significant benefit to a tool that would permit analysis of clinical outcomes of large patient cohorts. We applied a novel analytical information system, named “Clinical Looking Glass” (CLG), which aggregates clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic and outcomes data from a single large academic health care center to address this question. Methods CLG was employed to collect all patients at a large tertiary care institution for whom antiphospholipid antibodies including lupus anticoagulant (LAC), anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies and anti- β2-glycoproteinI (aβ2GPI) were performed. The immunoassays were grouped by isotype and values of >30U/L (>99th percentile) were considered positive. An untested control group was derived from outcomes data on all institutional Pioneer Accountable Care Organization patients, a cohort, whose coordinated care is managed by a single institution, permitted accurate and robust follow-up data. We used the CLG to track patients for a period of 583 days (maximum data available for control group) following their individual test results to identify a predefined thrombotic outcome. The outcome was defined by any encounter (inpatient, outpatient or ED), subsequent to the initial lab value date, which demonstrated a new thrombotic event. Results Using CLG we were able to evaluate 20,593 unique patients who had some form of LA testing performed. The aCL assays were performed on the greatest number of patients (18,201) followed by the LAC (11,267) with the fewest number of patients tested for aβ2GPI (7,914). A total of 5,660 patients had testing for all three. Of all 11,267 patients having LAC testing performed, 754 patients had at least one positive result. Of these 25.9% went on to develop a thrombotic event during the follow-up period compared to 15.0% of LAC negative patients (p value <0.001) and only 1.64% of the ACO control group suffering an event (p value <0.001). The relative risk associated with LAC positivity over the control group was 14.75 (95% CI 13.6-19.1). All other APL antibodies also demonstrated statistically increased risk of thrombosis over the examined cohort control (RR ranging from 6.6-11.2), but each of these to a significantly lesser degree than when compared directly to the LAC (results summarized in adjoining table and graph). Conclusions This first large study of aPL assays with prospective data from a single clinical information system confirms previous observations from smaller studies that LAC is the most significant laboratory predictor of future thrombotic events. However, in contrast to previous studies, all aPL antibodies, including IgA, demonstrated a statistically increased risk over a control population with LAC positivity having statistically greater risk than all others. Interestingly, aCL IgM was the weakest predictor of a future thrombotic event. Additionally we demonstrate the utility of clinical analytical software tools to offer very powerful ways to test prior assumptions and obtain novel results on large cohorts of patients in “real world” settings. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Austen, Dick. "Foreword to 'Producing and Processing Quality Beef from Australian Cattle Herds'." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 7 (2001): I. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/eav41n7_fo.
Full textAbstract:
Markets for Australian beef throughout the 20th century have been moulded by world wars, economic depressions, droughts, transport technology, cattle breeding, trade barriers, global competition, livestock disease eradication, human health risks, food safety, Australian Government policy, consumerism and beef quality. Major ‘shocks’ to beef marketing include the development of successful shipments of chilled carcases to Britain in the 1930s, the widespread trade disruption caused by World War II, expansion (early 1950s) and then a reduction in beef exports to Britain (1956), the introduction and then proliferation of Bos indicus derived cattle in northern Australia (1960s), licensing and upgrading of Australian abattoirs to export to USA and the consequential brucellosis and tuberculosis eradication campaign leading to record export tonnages of Australian processing beef to USA (1960–70). In 1980, increased beef trade to Japan began, leading in the late 1980s to expansion of high-quality grain finished products into that market. By 1993, beef exports to Japan (280.5 kt) exceeded those to USA (274.4 kt), signalling the significant shift in beef exports to Asia. Commencing in about 1986, the USA recognised the value of beef exports to Asian markets pioneered by Australia. Australia’s share of the Japanese and South Korean markets has been under intense competition since that time. Another major influence on Australia’s beef market in the early 1990s was growth in live cattle exports to Asian markets in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. Live exports accounted for 152000 heads in 1992 and 858000 heads in 1996. Improved management systems (e.g. fences) and consequent regulation of cattle supply even in the wet season, a by-product of the brucellosis and tuberculosis eradication campaign, were indirect drivers of the growth in live exports. Throughout the period 1940–2000, domestic consumption of beef and veal declined from 68 to 33.3 kg/head.year, reflecting competition from other foods, perceptions of health risks, price of beef, periodic food safety scares, vegetarianism, changes in lifestyle and eating habits and lack of consistency of eating quality of beef. Despite this decline, the domestic Australian beef market still consumes a significant component (37%) of total Australian beef production. In 1984–85, the reform of the Australian Meat and Livestock Corporation set in train a major directional change (‘New Direction’) of the beef sector in response to beef market trends. Under Dick Austen’s leadership, the Australian Meat and Livestock Corporation changed the industry’s culture from being ‘production-driven’ to being ‘consumer-driven’. Market research began in Australia, Japan and Korea to establish consumer preferences and attitudes to price, beef appearance and eating quality. Definite consumer requirements were identified under headings of consistency and reliability. The AusMeat carcass descriptors were introduced and a decade later traits like tenderness, meat colour, fat colour, meat texture, taste, smell, and muscle size were addressed. These historical ‘shocks’ that shaped the Australian beef markets have all been accompanied by modification to production systems, breeding programs, herd structure, processing procedures, advertising and promotion, meat retailing and end-use. The increasing importance of the food service sector and the ‘Asian merge’ influence on beef cuts usage in restaurant meals and take-away products are the most recognisable changes in the Australian food landscape. The Cooperative Research Centre¿s research portfolio was built around the changing forces influencing beef markets in the early 1990s. Australia needed to better understand the genetic and non-genetic factors affecting beef quality. One example was the poor success rate of cattle being grain-fed for the Japanese premium markets. Another was the relative contribution of pre- and post-slaughter factors to ultimate eating quality of beef. The Meat Standards Australia scheme was launched in 1997 to address this problem in more detail. The Cooperative Research Centre contributed significantly to this initiative. In the year 2001, Australia, with only 2.5% of world cattle numbers retains the position of world number one beef trader. We trade to 110 countries worldwide. The Australian beef sector is worth A$6 billion annually. The diversity of Australian environments, cattle genotypes and production systems provides us with the ability to meet diverse specifications for beef products. A new set of market forces is now emerging. Strict accreditation rules apply to Australian producers seeking access to the lucrative European Union market. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies like bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie are a continuing food safety concern in Europe. This and the foot and mouth disease outbreak in Britain early in 2001 have potentially significant indirect effects on markets for Australian beef. And the sleeping giant, foot and mouth disease-free status of Latin American countries Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina continues to emerge as a major threat to Australian beef markets in Canada and Taiwan. As in the past, science and technology will play a significant role in Australia¿s response to these market forces.
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Bindon, B. M., and N. M. Jones. "Cattle supply, production systems and markets for Australian beef." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 41, no. 7 (2001): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01052.
Full textAbstract:
Markets for Australian beef throughout the 20th century have been moulded by world wars, economic depressions, droughts, transport technology, cattle breeding, trade barriers, global competition, livestock disease eradication, human health risks, food safety, Australian Government policy, consumerism and beef quality. Major ‘shocks’ to beef marketing include the development of successful shipments of chilled carcases to Britain in the 1930s, the widespread trade disruption caused by World War II, expansion (early 1950s) and then a reduction in beef exports to Britain (1956), the introduction and then proliferation of Bos indicus derived cattle in northern Australia (1960s), licensing and upgrading of Australian abattoirs to export to USA and the consequential brucellosis and tuberculosis eradication campaign leading to record export tonnages of Australian processing beef to USA (1960–70). In 1980, increased beef trade to Japan began, leading in the late 1980s to expansion of high-quality grain finished products into that market. By 1993, beef exports to Japan (280.5 kt) exceeded those to USA (274.4 kt), signalling the significant shift in beef exports to Asia. Commencing in about 1986, the USA recognised the value of beef exports to Asian markets pioneered by Australia. Australia’s share of the Japanese and South Korean markets has been under intense competition since that time. Another major influence on Australia’s beef market in the early 1990s was growth in live cattle exports to Asian markets in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. Live exports accounted for 152000 heads in 1992 and 858000 heads in 1996. Improved management systems (e.g. fences) and consequent regulation of cattle supply even in the wet season, a by-product of the brucellosis and tuberculosis eradication campaign, were indirect drivers of the growth in live exports. Throughout the period 1940–2000, domestic consumption of beef and veal declined from 68 to 33.3 kg/head.year, reflecting competition from other foods, perceptions of health risks, price of beef, periodic food safety scares, vegetarianism, changes in lifestyle and eating habits and lack of consistency of eating quality of beef. Despite this decline, the domestic Australian beef market still consumes a significant component (37%) of total Australian beef production. In 1984–85, the reform of the Australian Meat and Livestock Corporation set in train a major directional change (‘New Direction’) of the beef sector in response to beef market trends. Under Dick Austen’s leadership, the Australian Meat and Livestock Corporation changed the industry’s culture from being ‘production-driven’ to being ‘consumer-driven’. Market research began in Australia, Japan and Korea to establish consumer preferences and attitudes to price, beef appearance and eating quality. Definite consumer requirements were identified under headings of consistency and reliability. The AusMeat carcass descriptors were introduced and a decade later traits like tenderness, meat colour, fat colour, meat texture, taste, smell, and muscle size were addressed. These historical ‘shocks’ that shaped the Australian beef markets have all been accompanied by modification to production systems, breeding programs, herd structure, processing procedures, advertising and promotion, meat retailing and end-use. The increasing importance of the food service sector and the ‘Asian merge’ influence on beef cuts usage in restaurant meals and take-away products are the most recognisable changes in the Australian food landscape. The Cooperative Research Centre¿s research portfolio was built around the changing forces influencing beef markets in the early 1990s. Australia needed to better understand the genetic and non-genetic factors affecting beef quality. One example was the poor success rate of cattle being grain-fed for the Japanese premium markets. Another was the relative contribution of pre- and post-slaughter factors to ultimate eating quality of beef. The Meat Standards Australia scheme was launched in 1997 to address this problem in more detail. The Cooperative Research Centre contributed significantly to this initiative. In the year 2001, Australia, with only 2.5% of world cattle numbers retains the position of world number one beef trader. We trade to 110 countries worldwide. The Australian beef sector is worth A$6 billion annually. The diversity of Australian environments, cattle genotypes and production systems provides us with the ability to meet diverse specifications for beef products. A new set of market forces is now emerging. Strict accreditation rules apply to Australian producers seeking access to the lucrative European Union market. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies like bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie are a continuing food safety concern in Europe. This and the foot and mouth disease outbreak in Britain early in 2001 have potentially significant indirect effects on markets for Australian beef. And the sleeping giant, foot and mouth disease-free status of Latin American countries Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina continues to emerge as a major threat to Australian beef markets in Canada and Taiwan. As in the past, science and technology will play a significant role in Australia¿s response to these market forces.
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Singer, Donald. "1 Osler and the fellowship of postgraduate medicine." Postgraduate Medical Journal 95, no. 1130 (November 21, 2019): 685.1–685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/postgradmedj-2019-fpm.1.
Full textAbstract:
Sir William Osler’s legacy lives on through the Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine (FPM). Osler was in 1911 founding President both of the Postgraduate Medical Association and on 1981 of the Inter-allied Fellowship of Medicine. These societies merged later in 1919, with Osler as President until his death at the end of that year. This joint organization was initially called the Fellowship of Medicine and Post-Graduate Medical Association and continues to this day as the Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine. In the 1880s, in his role as medical leader in North America, Osler pioneered hospital residency programmes for junior trainee doctors. As Regius Professor of medicine in Oxford from 1905, Osler wished early postgraduate teaching in the UK, and in London in particular, to include access to ‘the wealth of material at all the hospitals’. He also saw medical societies as important for providing reliable continuous medical develop for senior doctors.Under Osler’s leadership, the Fellowship of Medicine responded to demand for postgraduate civilian medical training after the First World War, supported by a general committee of 73 senior medical figures, with representatives from the British Army Medical Service, Medical Services of the Dominions of the United Kingdom, of America and of the British Colleges and major medical Schools. Some fifty general and specialist hospitals were initially affiliated with the Fellowship, which provided sustained support of postgraduate training well into the 1920s, including publication of a weekly bulletin of clinics, ward rounds, special lectures and organized training courses for men and women of all nationalities. In 1925, in response to expanding interest in postgraduate education, the Fellowship developed the bulletin into the Postgraduate Medical Journal, which continues as a monthly international publication. Stimulated by discussions at meetings of the FPM, through its Fellows, the FPM was influential in encouraging London and regional teaching hospitals to develop and maintain postgraduate training courses. The FPM and its Fellows also were important in supporting the creation of a purely postgraduate medical school, which was eventually founded at the Hammersmith Hospital in West London as the British, then Royal Postgraduate Medical School.At the end of the Second World War, there was a major development in provision of postgraduate medical education with the founding in 1945 of the British Postgraduate Medical Federation, which was supported by government, the University Grants Committee and the universities. There was also a marked post-war increase in general provision of postgraduate training at individual hospitals and within the medical Royal Colleges. Postgraduate Centres were established at many hospitals.Nonetheless the FPM continued some involvement in postgraduate courses until 1975. Since then the FPM has maintained a national and international role in postgraduate education through its journals, the Postgraduate Medical Journal and Health Policy and Technology (founded in 2012) and by affiliations with other organisations and institutes.Osler was an avid supporter of engagement between medicine and the humanities, chiding humanists for ignorance of modern science and fellow scientists for neglecting the humanities. The FPM has over much of the past decade supported this theme of Osler by being a major patron of the Hippocrates Prize for Poetry and Medicine, which has achieved significant international interest, with over 10,000 entries from over 70 countries.
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De Oliveira, Ricardo Santos. "Prof. James Tait Goodrich 1946 - 2020+." Archives of Pediatric Neurosurgery 2, no. 2(May-August) (June 18, 2020): e472020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46900/apn.v2i2(may-august).47.
Full textAbstract:
James Tait Goodrich was born on April 16, 1946 in Portland, Oregon, United States, the son of Richard Goodrich and Gail (Josselyn) Goodrich. Dr. Goodrich served as a Marine officer during the Vietnam War, during which time he decided his next step would be to pursue a medical career. Not only was he an elite surgeon, but over the years he was also a generous mentor and teacher who shared his craft with many young surgeons who wanted to follow in his footsteps. During the Tet Offensive, he spotted a Vietnamese surgeon in a medical tent opening up a soldier’s head. “Cool,” he thought. “I want to do that” (1). Upon return to the USA, Jim married Judy Loudin on December 27, 1970, the love of his life who gave him the confidence and support to pursue his dreams. Dr. Goodrich completed his undergraduate work at the University of California, Irvine and his graduate studies at the School of Arts and Sciences of Columbia University (1972), receiving his Masters and Doctor of Philosophy degrees in 1978 and 1980, respectively. He received his Medical Degree from Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. After an internship at Columbia- Presbyterian Medical Center (1980-1981), he completed his residency training at the Presbyterian Hospital in New York City and the New York Neurological Institute (1981-1986). He also holds the rank of Professor Contralto of Neurological Surgery at the University of Palermo in Palermo, Italy. He was Director of the Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery at the Children’s Hospital of Montefiore Health System and he served as a Professor of Clinical Neurological Surgery, Pediatrics, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine since 1998 (2). Dr. James T. Goodrich dedicated his life to saving children with complex neurological conditions. He had a particular interest in the treatment of craniofacial abnormalities. He was a pioneer in this field and developed a multi-stage approach for separating craniopagus twins who have their brain and skull conjoined. In 2016, he famously led a team of 40 doctors in a 27-hour procedure to separate the McDonald twins. Throughout his distinguished career, he became known as the world’s leading expert on this lifesaving procedure. He has been consulted on hundreds of cases, and he routinely traveled the world sharing his vast knowledge and expertise with colleagues (3,4). In Brazil, Dr. Goodrich played a very important role in leading the processes to successfully separate craniopagus sets in Ribeirao Preto (2017-2018), and in Brasilia (2019). A classical multistage surgery was performed to separate the Ribeirao Preto conjoined twins, and Dr. Goodrich participated on all the neurosurgical procedures as a great mentor. In the final operation, on October 28, 2019, some members of Montefiore Hospital medical staff (Dr. Oren Tepper, plastic surgeon, Dr. Carlene Broderick, pediatric anesthesiologist and Kamilah A. Dowling, nurse) also worked alongside Jim and the Brazilian team. An extraordinary and humble man, his words after the first surgical step, during an interview for a TV channel, were that in “this particular surgery we were able to do more than we expected because the anatomy was very good and the team had exceptional skills that made the difference”. Dr. Goodrich was a chief supporter of the Latin American Pediatric Neurosurgery Course (LACPN), having participated in all editions since 2004. In these events, he did not hesitate to share his knowledge during the hands-on sessions and, likewise, his wonderful conferences. Prof. Goodrich was officially honored by the Brazilian Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery during the “XII Brazilian Congress of Pediatric Neurosurgery”, in Florianopolis, Brazil. Dr. Goodrich was a gentle and truly caring man. He did not crave the limelight and was beloved by his colleagues and staff. He has authored numerous book chapters and articles on Pediatric Neurosurgery and is known worldwide as a prominent lecturer in this field. Outside his work, he was also known for his passion for historical artifacts, travelling, wine, and surfing. Dr. Goodrich was an incredible human being. In March 30th, 2020, he passed away after complications due to Covid-19 (5). In that day the world has become a little less bright without Jim. Our sympathy and prayers go to his wife Judy, his three sisters, and all those who were close to him
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Diaz, Clive, Hayley Pert, and Nigel Patrick Thomas. "Independent Reviewing Officers’ and social workers’ perceptions of children’s participation in Children in Care Reviews." Journal of Children's Services 14, no. 3 (September 5, 2019): 162–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcs-01-2019-0003.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The research reported here forms part of a study of children’s participation in children in care reviews and decision making in one local authority in England. The purpose of this paper is to outline the views of 11 social workers and 8 Independent Reviewing Officers (IROs) and explores their perceptions of children’s participation in reviews. The paper considers the barriers to young people participating meaningfully in decision making and how practice could be improved in this vital area so that children’s voices are more clearly heard and when possible acted upon by professionals. Design/methodology/approach The data reported here derive from a qualitative cross-sectional study in one English local authority. The entire study involved interviewing children in care, IROs, social workers and senior managers about young people’s participation in their reviews. Findings from the interviews with young people and senior managers have been reported elsewhere (Diaz and Aylward, 2018; Diaz et al., 2018); this paper focusses on the interviews with social workers and IROs. Specifically, the authors were interested in gaining insight into their views about the following research questions: To what degree do children and young people meaningfully participate in reviews? What are the barriers to participation? What can be done to improve children and young people’s participation in reviews? Findings During this process seven themes were identified, five of which concerned barriers to effective participation and two which concerned factors that appeared to support effective participation. These are summarised below and explained further in the following sections. Barriers to effective participation: social workers and IROs’ high caseloads and ensuing time pressures; high turnover of social workers and inexperienced staff; lack of understanding and training of professionals in participation; children and young people’s negative experiences of reviews and consequent reticence in taking part; and structure and process of the review not being child-centred. Factors which assist participation: quality of the relationship between the child and professionals; and the child or young person chairing their own review meeting. Research limitations/implications Although these findings reflect practice in one local authority, their consistency with other research in this area suggests that they are applicable more widely. Practical implications The practice of children chairing their own reviews was pioneered by The Children’s Society in North West England in the 1990s (Welsby, 1996), and has more recently been implemented with some success by IROs in Gloucestershire (see Thomas, 2015, p. 47). A key recommendation from this study would be for research to explore how this practice could be developed and embedded more widely. Previous research has noted the tension between the review being viewed as an administrative process and as a vehicle of participation (Pert et al., 2014). This study highlighted practitioner reservations about young people chairing their own reviews, but it also gave examples of how this had been done successfully and how it could improve children’s participation in decision making. At the very least, it is essential that young people play a role in deciding where the review is going to take place, when it will take place, who is going to be invited and what will be included on the agenda. Social implications The paper highlights that in this Local Authority caseloads for social workers were very high and this, combined with a high turnover of staff and an inexperienced workforce, meant that children in care struggled to have a consistent social worker. This often meant that young people were not able to build up a positive working relationship with their social worker, which negatively impacted on their ability to play a meaningful role in decision making. Originality/value There have been very few recent studies that have considered professionals’ perspectives of children’s participation in key meetings and decision making, so that this provides a timely and worthwhile contribution to this important area of work.
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El-Emam, Omyma, Syed Ziauddin A. Zaidi, Bassim Albeirouti, Abdul-Aziz Al-Humaidi, and Ali Al-Shanqeeti. "Improved Outcome of Acute Leukemia Patients Followed up In out-Patient Setting After High Dose Ara-C (HDAC) Consolidation with Infection Prophylaxis Strategies." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 4363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.4363.4363.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Abstract 4363 Background: Outpatient care of patients with malignancies has become increasingly common and is driven by health care costs, increased demand for existing inpatient resources, improved supportive care and patient wishes to spend the least amount of time in the inpatient setting. High dose Ara-C/cytosine arabinoside (HIDAC) consolidation is frequently used for most acute leukemias. Typically HIDAC consists of 12 hourly IV administrations of 3 grams/m2 dose of Ara-C every other day for a total of 6 doses. One of the authors (AS) had earlier pioneered the idea of giving HIDAC and discharging the patients for out-patient follow up. Prince Sultan Hematology Oncology Centre (PSHOC), Riyadh adopted “post-HIDAC early discharge” policy in late 2006 and later found that it is safe and has resulted in huge hospital-days saving in comparison to our contemporary policy of keeping the patients in hospital till they recover counts after going through nadir. Lately we have also added G-CSF along with antimicrobial prophylaxis during neutropenia for preventing/reducing the period of febrile neutropenia (FN) after HIDAC chemotherapy. Here we present the results of our practice improvement strategy analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of these new measures. Method: Sixty five patients receiving 96 cycles of HIDAC between October 2004 and March 2009 were divided in three groups: First cohort of 23 patients (group I) were discharged without any kind of prophylaxis after HIDAC (35 cycles); and 30 patients in later cohort (group II) received prophylactic ciprofloxacin, fluconazole and acyclovir once absolute neutrophil count (ANC) dropped to <1.0 × 109/L, and GCSF 300 mcg S/C daily once ANC was <0.5 × 109/L until ANC recovered (>1.0 × 109/L) after HIDAC (44 cycles), and the last cohort (group III) consisted of 12 patients who stayed in the hospital after HIDAC (17 cycles) till count recovery. Discharged patients stayed in the vicinity of Riyadh city and were followed-up in outpatient treatment unit (OTU) every other day. All patients were given detailed instructions and a medical alert card to provide them fast access to emergency care. Any patient who had neutropenic fever or judged as septic was admitted. Data on number of total hospital inpatient days for each HIDAC cycle, type of infection developed, and any mortality & serious morbidity requiring ICU care were recorded. Result: In group I, all of the 23 patients who received 35 cycles of HIDAC were re-admitted in all cycles for febrile neutropenia (33/35) and/or severe thrombocytopenia (2/35) until they recovered. The median of their inpatient hospital days was 15 (range 9–23). There was one septic shock that required 4 days of ICU stay. In group II, 30 patients received 44 cycles of HIDAC along with the prophylaxis and 21/44 (47.7%) cycles were without febrile neutropenia. In 23/44 cycles (52.2 %) febrile neutropenia required shorter admission for a median of 12 days (range 7–23). However 8/10 positive blood cultures in group II revealed ciprofloxacin resistant E. coli, and one each revealed K. pneumonia, and S. viridians. One patient was admitted with non documented fever noted at home, one with dental abscess, and HSV PCR was positive from mouth wash in one patient. In group III comprising of 10 of our historic patients, who received 17 cycles of HIDAC, 11 cycles (64.7%) were associated with FN. Conclusion: The currently reported policy of post-HIDAC early discharge with infection prophylaxis is feasible, safe, and may be more cost effective as it resulted in saving more hospital days: compared to a median of 26 days in group III and a median of 15 days in group I, patients in group II with infection prophylaxis required only a median of 12 days of hospitalization. GCSF and antimicrobial prophylaxis have important value in decreasing the incidence of febrile neutropenia but increase in ciprofloxacin resistant E. coli bacteremia is worrisome and may need change in type of prophylactic antibiotic (e.g. to levofloxacin). Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Riebl, Veronika, Sandra M. Woerner, Dagmar Wider, Marie Follo, Stefan J. Mueller, Cornelius Miething, Mihaela Zlei, Justus Duyster, Ralph Wäsch, and Monika Engelhardt. "A Novel 10-Fluorochrome Multiparameter Flow Cytometry (MFC) Panel for Precise Plasma Cell (PC) and MRD Assessment in Clinical Routine of Multiple Myeloma (MM) Patients and throughout the Disease Course." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 1789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-124680.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Since the introduction of novel agents into the treatment of Multiple Myeloma (MM), much deeper remissions can be achieved. This leads to a demand for disease evaluation tools with higher sensitivity and clinical practicability. In various clinical trials the assessment of the MRD status has been proven to have strongest prognostic value for MM patients (pts). The Euroflow Consortium has pioneered a highly standardized next generation flow (NGF) approach with the establishment of two 8-color tubes tests (Flores-Montero 2017). However, due to cost-intensive and time-consuming preconditions, this MRD approach might not be feasible in every center. Thus, other readily available, validated MRD tools may also guarantee highly sensitive MRD evaluation which allows for early relapse detection and to steer treatment, such as decision upon need for consolidation, duration of maintenance, therapy pauses or even earlier FDA/EMA approval of novel antimyeloma agents. Methods: Our 10 color single tube MFC panel consisting of the antigens CD38, CD138, CD19, CD45, CD27, CD56, CD28, CD81, CD117 and CD200, was systematically validated using Fluorescence-minus-one controls, consecutive spike-in-controls, consistency analyses and measurement of 9 MM cell lines. Thereafter, we assessed 131 Bone Marrow (BM), peripheral blood (PB), and leukapheresis (LA) samples from 97 different MM, MGUS and SMM pts and 13 healthy individuals (HI) as controls. Samples were processed within 6-20 hours of aspiration and a bulk lysis was performed. Subsequently, >3x106 viable nucleated cells were acquired on a BD LRSFortessa Cytometer. Data analysis was performed using the BeckmanCoulter software Kaluza. BM was sampled at initial diagnosis (ID) or at progression (PD), after standard therapy (ST) or stem cell transplantation (SCT). The study was performed with written consent from all pts and approval from the ethics committee. Results: Our MFC approach confirmed the antigen expression in all MM cell lines (RPMI 8226; U266; IM-9; MM1.S; MM1.R; L363; Karpas620; NCI-H929; OPM-2) as previously reported. The spike-in-controls determined the limit of detection (LOD) at 10-5. This LOD was achieved in 89% of our MRD samples. An easy-to-adapt gating strategy to identify abnormal plasma cells (aPC) vs. normal plasma cells (nPC) was also established in our MM pt samples. In this cohort, we identified 10 distinct aPC and nPC subpopulations that differed in their expression pattern, suggesting clonal subtypes of MM. Moreover, in 19% of BM samples, two malignant subpopulations coexisting in the same pt, were identified. Since our BM cohort consisted of 46% samples at ID or PD vs. 54% posttreatment samples after ST and SCT, clonality variation in the former, differences of aPCs vs. nPCs ratio and to the latter group could be determined. Moreover, significant differences of much higher percentage of aPC in symptomatic MM vs SMM/MGUS pts were readily verified with our panel (p=0.0087). With a median time of 51 days from treatment to MRD evaluation, 24% of post treatment samples were MRD negative (MRD-) at the 10-5 level (<0.001% aPC). In line, MRD negativity induced an improved PFS, with OS analyses needing a longer follow-up. Since we also assessed pre- and post-treatment samples, antibody expression levels on PC from ID to post treatment demonstrated a significant normalization in Median Fluorescence Intensity (MFI) of 5 antibodies (CD56, CD81, CD45, CD200, CD27). These may thus serve as informative markers for the MRD assessment of these samples. Conversely, with progression from remission to PD, CD81 and CD45 antibodies showed significant decreases (p=0.0007 and p=0.0026, respectively) in expression, which suggest that both may serve as early relapse markers. Of the assessed LA samples at harvest before ASCT, 44% were MRD-, warranting future investigations into possible implications for pts' prognosis, treatment and PFS/OS data. Conclusion: Here we present a readily available, cost-effective, quick and highly validated MFC panel with an easy to adapt gating strategy that allows for precise aPC vs. nPC assessment in- and outside clinical trials. Our 10 color MFC panel is applicable in BM samples of MM pts and precursor diseases, as well as in LA samples. With the additional MFC information, ideally at ID and repeatedly after treatment, readily available individual treatment decisions seem possible to obtain for every MM patient. Disclosures Wäsch: Amgen: Other: travel, Research Funding; Sanofi: Other: Travel, Research Funding; Jazz: Other: travel, Research Funding; Celgene: Other: travel, Research Funding; Gilead: Other: travel, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy; Gilead: Consultancy; Sanofi: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy.