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Journal articles on the topic 'Placenta; Pregnancy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Mehare, Tsegaye, and Daniel Kebede. "Fetoplacental Weight Relationship in Normal Pregnancy and Pregnancy Complicated by Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension and Abruption of Placenta among Mothers Who Gave Birth in Southern Ethiopia, 2018." Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2020 (January 27, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6839416.

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Introduction. Placenta is a complex multifunctional organ that maintains pregnancy and promotes normal fetal development. The fetal outcome is adversely influenced by pathological changes in the placenta because it is a mirror that reflects the intrauterine status of the fetus. Placental abnormalities are considered a leading cause of maternal and prenatal mortality. This study aimed to assess the fetoplacental weight relationship in pregnancy-induced hypertension and abruption placenta and compare with the normal one. Objective. This study designed to assess fetoplacental weight relationships

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Dhawle, Manjusha S., Ashwini R. Tangde, Bhagyashree P. Mundhe, Santosh G. Rathod, and Rajan S. Bindu. "Department of Pathology, Government Medical College and Cancer Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 7 (2017): 3214. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20173015.

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Background: The intrauterine existence of fetus is dependent on one vital organ 'the placenta’. The placenta reflects the status of maternal hypertension as it is the mirror of maternal and fetal health. The hypertensive disorders complicate 5-10% of all pregnancies and form a dangerous triad with haemorrhage and infection that contributes greatly to maternal morbidity and mortality. The fetus is dependent on placenta for growth and development. Many disorders of pregnancy like hypertension are accompanied by gross and histological changes in placenta. Aim of the study was to study the various

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3

Khan, A. T., and K. S. Stewart. "Ultrasound Placental Localisation in Early Pregnancy." Scottish Medical Journal 32, no. 1 (1987): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003693308703200109.

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A retrospective study of 400 consecutive case records was made to establish the clinical significance of the low lying placenta found on ultrasound. Diagnostic accuracy is discussed. 30% of the patients had a low lying placenta on early scan. Of these, 73% had a follow up scan. There was a progressive drop in the incidence of low lying placentae through pregancy until at term, in this study, there was no placenta previa. It is considered that a repeat scan is necessary to exclude placenta previa, but not until 34 weeks gestation. Amongst the patients with early low lying placentae the incidenc

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4

Begum, Mahamuda, Shamim Ara, Shahnaz Begum, et al. "Big placenta and anaemia in pregnancy." Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College 1, no. 2 (2012): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v1i2.12161.

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Background: Birthing process is the journey of the spirit/ soul. The Placenta is the home for this spirit/ soul for nine months. Placenta has a huge role to play throughout the pregnancy acting as the kidneys, lungs and intestines all in one1. Placenta is an organ that is essential to the survival and growth of the fetus of the mammals. Anaemia in pregnancy is common and one of the risk factors in pregnancy. Maternal anaemia result in fetal hypoxemia and also stimulates placental growth. In anaemia, significant changes both in gross morphology and in histology of the placenta can occur. Type o

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Waszak, Małgorzata, Krystyna Cieślik, Joanna Kempiak, Grzegorz Bręborowicz, and Janusz Gadzinowski. "Relationship between type and weight of placenta and neonate birth weight in twin pregnancy." Anthropological Review 76, no. 2 (2013): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/anre-2013-0017.

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Abstract The relationship between the type and size of placenta and the development of twin fetuses is still discussed in perinatology. The objective of this paper is to answer the question whether the final weight and size of placenta is a limiting factor for fetal growth in twin pregnancy. The study material consisted of 1,261 pairs of fetuses from monochorionic (MC) and dichorionic (DC) twin pregnancies, born by cesarean section between pregnancy weeks 22 and 41 at the Perinatology and Gynecology Department of the Poznan University of Medical Sciences between 2003 and 2009. Histological exa

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6

GOSWAMI, PUSHPA, SAMREEN MEMON, MUHAMMAD ASLAM CHANNA, and Hemlata Rathi. "EXCESSIVE CALCIFICATION OF PLACENTA;." Professional Medical Journal 20, no. 05 (2013): 743–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2013.20.05.1452.

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Objective: To examine the morphological change due to excessive calcification of placenta of pregnancies complicated bypregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and placental Abruption and its relation with fetal outcome. Study design: Case control type ofstudy. Place and duration: This study was conducted from June 2008 to July 2009 at the department of Anatomy of Liaquat University ofMedical & Health Sciences Jamshoro. Material and Methods: One hundred twenty placentae were collected from labor room andgynecology operation theatre of Liaquat University Hospital. Forty placentae from parturien

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Khajuria, Ruchi, and Megha Sharma. "Histopathology of placenta in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 3 (2019): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20190943.

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Background: Birth of healthy term baby depends on normal placenta. IUGR is a condition associated with placental insufficiency. There is a close relationship between IUGR and placental qualitative changes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the morphological and histological changes in placentas of IUGR fetuses and in placentas of normal uncomplicated pregnancies and to determine the relationship that exists between morphological change and frequency of IUGR.Methods: In a cross sectional study conducted in the department of Pathology, GMC Jammu, a total of 60 placenta were received,

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8

Sosnina, Aleksandra K., Tatyana G. Tral, and Julia S. Krylova. "Functional morphology of the placental villous tree at term singleton pregnancies, achieved by methods of assisted reproductive technology." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 65, no. 3 (2016): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd65343-51.

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Introduction. Of special interest in the use of assisted reproductive technology techniques (ART) is the placenta as the main authority responsible for the formation and growth of the fetus. Purpose and objectives. The aim of our research is to study the morpho-functional state of placenta after pregnancy achieved by means of ART. Research objectives: histological and immunohistochemical study using the CD34, NOS-3 and HIF in these placentas. Methods. Total 98 placentas from full-term singleton pregnancies with gestational age were examined. Two study groups were formed: a basic group - the pl

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9

Wang, Joyce, Qing Qiu, Maliha Haider, Michael Bell, Andrée Gruslin, and Julian K. Christians. "Expression of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A2 during pregnancy in human and mouse." Journal of Endocrinology 202, no. 3 (2009): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-09-0136.

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Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and -A2 (PAPPA and PAPPA2) are proteases that cleave IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) and thereby increase the bioavailability of growth factors. PAPPA has long been recognized as a marker of fetal genetic disorders and adverse pregnancy outcomes. In contrast, although PAPPA2 is also highly expressed in human placenta, its physiological importance is not clear. To establish whether mice will be a useful model for the study of PAPPA2, we compared the patterns of expression of PAPPA2 in the placentae of mouse and human. We show, for the first time, that Pappa2

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10

Rizwan Ali Talpur, Samia Siddiqui, Sehar Khowaja, Naila Noor, Muhammad Saqib Baloch, and Mansoor Mukhtar Qazi. "Histomorphometric Variations of the Placenta in Normal and Hypertensive Pregnancies." Journal of Islamabad Medical & Dental College 9, no. 4 (2020): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v9i4.540.

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Background: Pregnancy-induced hypertension is a leading cause of deleterious changes in the placenta resulting in decreased blood supply towards the placenta. The objective of the current study was to analyze the histo-morphometric variations in the placenta of women with or without known pregnancy-induced hypertension. Methods: Cross-sectional study was carried out in the Gynecology and obstetrics section of Nazeer Hussain Medical Complex, Hyderabad in collaboration with Isra University, Hyderabad from March 2019 to August 2019. A total of 100 placentae were selected and divided into tw

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11

Meng, Qian, Li Shao, Xiucui Luo, et al. "Ultrastructure of Placenta of Gravidas with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus." Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/283124.

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Objectives. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) leads to an abnormal placental environment which may cause some structural alterations of placenta and affect placental development and function. In this study, the ultrastructural appearances of term placentas from women with GDM and normal pregnancy were meticulously compared.Materials and Methods. The placenta tissues of term birth from 10 women with GDM and 10 women with normal pregnancy were applied with the signed informed consent. The morphology of fetomaternal interface of placenta was examined using light microscopy (LM) and transmission

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12

A., Ashoka, Manjunatha Sarthi, Basavraj A. C., and Mahesh T. K. "Placental pathology and its correlation with immediate feto neonatal outcome." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 3 (2019): 1108. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20191999.

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Background: Placenta plays a major role in growth and development of the fetus as it helps in both exchange of nutrients and removal of waste. Even though it yields a valuable information of prognostic significance for the newborn, majority of the time it will be discarded after the gross examination. Hence the present study was conducted to determine the placental pathology and its correlation with fetal outcome.Methods: The present study was carried out in Davangere for a period of 2 years. The placenta of 100 parturients, more than 28 weeks of gestation were included for the present study.

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Nair, Vidhu V., Sobha S. Nair, and Radhamany K. "Study of placental location and pregnancy outcome." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 4 (2019): 1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20191187.

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Background: Placental location can be estimated easily using ultrasonogram by 16 weeks. It can be classified based on its location into central and lateral. Central can be anterior or posterior. Lateral can be left lateral or right lateral. Placental location has been attributed to both normal and abnormal pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.Methods: This is a prospective cohort study conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology which comprised of 450 singleton gestations between 18 and 24 weeks. The primary objective is to determine the association between placental location and pregn

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Zubzhitskaya, Lyudmila Borisovna, Tatyana Valeryevna Semenova, and Olga Nikolayevna Arzhanova. "The Immunomorphological condition placentae of the women connected with tobacco smoking." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 61, no. 6 (2012): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd61636-40.

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Immunomorphological, histologic research with application of semi-thin cuts bioptats placentae of the women connected with tobacco smoking to pregnancy, during all pregnancy and in the I trimester of pregnancy is carried out. Immunomorphological researches of placentae of studied groups showed that the greatest percent of the revealed fixed pathogenic immune complexes (PEAK) including existence fibrinogen, C3 fraction of a compliment, antibodies and pro-inflammatory citokins, were observed in group of women which smoked all pregnancy. The smallest percent of identification PEAK was in a placen

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15

Faizi, Shaweez, and Muralidhar V. Pai. "Role of Midtrimester Localization of the Placenta in predicting Pregnancy Outcome." International Journal of Infertility & Fetal Medicine 5, no. 3 (2014): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10016-1087.

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ABSTRACT The localization of the placenta by ultrasound in the second trimester has been hypothesized to have an impact on the pregnancy, in terms of antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal outcome. Objective To evaluate the role of placental location in predicting the pregnancy outcome. Materials and methods It was a prospective observational study conducted between September 2011 and March 2013 at a tertiary care hospital. Placental location, as determined by midtrimester ultrasound in 620 antenatal women, was divided into five groups—anterior, posterior, fundal, lateral and low lying placenta-

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16

Dehghani, Leila, Hedayat Sahraei, Rokhsareh Meamar, and Masoomeh Kazemi. "Time-Dependent Effect of Oral Morphine Consumption on the Development of Cytotrophoblast and Syncytiotrophoblast Cells of the Placental Layers during the Three Different Periods of Pregnancy in Wistar Rats." Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/974205.

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Previous studies have shown that morphine abuse during pregnancy cancause a delay in the development of the placenta and embryo and also bring about birth defects. The present study investigates the effect of the duration of maternal morphine consumption during pregnancy, as well as the impacts of morphine abuse on the development of placental layers during the three different periods of pregnancy in Wistar rats.Materials and Methodology. Female Wistar rats have been used in the present study. Experimental groups received morphine (0.05 mg/mL of drinking water) after one night of coupling with

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17

Nanda J. Patil, Jyoti S. Tele, Rohit S. Kadam, Pawar S. J, and Sujata M. Kumbar. "Placental pathology in intrauterine fetal death." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (2020): 2376–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4480.

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Placenta is the most accessible and readily evaluable specimen which is mirror image of pregnancy. The objective here is to study the histomorphological changes in placenta in cases of intrauterine fetal deaths and to study correlation of placental findings with causes of fetal death which is significant to understand. The present cross sectional study was carried out in Department of Pathology of a tertiary care hospital from June 2015 to May 2017. Study of Placental Pathology in Intrauterine Fetal Death cases comprised of 99 placentas. The present study was undertaken to study the placental

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18

Gowda, Pushpa, and Jayanthi KS. "Morphological and morphometrical study of placenta in normal and hypertensive pregnancies." National Journal of Clinical Anatomy 03, no. 01 (2014): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1700715.

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Abstract Background and Aim: Placenta is the main channel in utero, through which the fetus receives its nutrition from the mother. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are fairly common and affect the growth and development of the placenta and fetus in many ways. Knowledge of these changes in placenta due to hypertension in pregnancy is essential as many of these changes can be diagnosed prenatally by available techniques to improve the fetal outcome and reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted to note the morphometrical and morphological

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Li, Hui, Qianhui Huang, Yu Liu, and Lana X. Garmire. "Single cell transcriptome research in human placenta." Reproduction 160, no. 6 (2020): R155—R167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-20-0231.

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Human placenta is a complex and heterogeneous organ interfacing between the mother and the fetus that supports fetal development. Alterations to placental structural components are associated with various pregnancy complications. To reveal the heterogeneity among various placenta cell types in normal and diseased placentas, as well as elucidate molecular interactions within a population of placental cells, a new genomics technology called single cell RNA-seq (or scRNA-seq) has been employed in the last couple of years. Here we review the principles of scRNA-seq technology, and summarize the re

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20

DiCaglio, Sara. "Placental beginnings: Reconfiguring placental development and pregnancy loss in feminist theory." Feminist Theory 20, no. 3 (2018): 283–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464700118804446.

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The placenta has played an important role in feminist theories of subjectivity; however, the placenta of feminist theory has been the fully functional placenta of what is considered a successful full-term pregnancy. Pregnancy loss, a topic that has been generally overlooked within feminist scholarship, is absent from feminist theories of the placenta. This article uses early placental development, particularly development that takes place before the placenta becomes fully functional as an organ for hormone production and interchange, as a space through which to consider theorising subjectivity

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Zakurina, Anna N., and Natalia G. Pavlova. "Intraplacental blood flow in third trimester of placental insufficiency pregnancy." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 63, no. 5 (2014): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd63551-57.

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Background. Serious perinatal, most of all, neurological consequences of placental insufficiency condition necessity further search it’s markers for optimal delivery time. Methods. At third term of pregnancy we examined 16 singleton physiological pregnant women (first group) and 27 placental insufficiency patients (second group). We standard obstetrical examined, ultrasound fetometry, basic arteries of functional system mother-placenta-fetus Doppler and three-dimensional power Doppler in central, two paracentral and two periphery placenta areas. We processing images by VOCAL and analyzed vascu

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Luchian, Ioan-Bogdan, Elena-Silvia Nada, Vasile-Adrian Dumitru, et al. "New Various Histopathological Findings of the Placenta in Preeclampsia." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 6 (2019): 1979–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.6.7258.

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Preeclampsia represents a pregnancy-related disease which affects both the mother and the fetus. It�s an important cause of materno-fetal morbidity and mortality. The placenta seems to be the main cause because after placental removal preeclampsia is no longer present. Placental examination is crucial and can reveal important information about this disease. After careful examination, besides the classic findings, new and uncommon histopathological aspects of the placenta in preeclampsia were described. A short observational study was performed which included placentas from preeclampsia complic

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Sferruzzi-Perri, A. N., O. R. Vaughan, P. M. Coan, et al. "Placental-Specific Igf2 Deficiency Alters Developmental Adaptations to Undernutrition in Mice." Endocrinology 152, no. 8 (2011): 3202–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2011-0240.

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The pattern of fetal growth is a major determinant of the subsequent health of the infant. We recently showed in undernourished (UN) mice that fetal growth is maintained until late pregnancy, despite reduced placental weight, through adaptive up-regulation of placental nutrient transfer. Here, we determine the role of the placental-specific transcript of IGF-II (Igf2P0), a major regulator of placental transport capacity in mice, in adapting placental phenotype to UN. We compared the morphological and functional responses of the wild-type (WT) and Igf2P0-deficient placenta in WT mice fed ad lib

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Ahenkorah, John, Patience B. Tetteh-Quarcoo, Mercy A. Nuamah, et al. "The Impact ofPlasmodiumInfection on Placental Histomorphology: A Stereological Preliminary Study." Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2019 (March 3, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2094560.

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Background. Malaria during pregnancy may threaten the mother’s health and cause serious structural damage to the internal architecture of the placenta, which subsequently affects the pregnancy outcome. A better understanding of the impact of malaria parasites on the placenta morphology is crucial for better management of pregnant women and their babies.Aim. To assess by stereology the histomorphology of selected placental structures in placenta malaria compared with normal placentae at term.Method. A total of 10 placentae comprising 5 controls and 5 cases were selected from 50 placentae that w

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Kim, Soon-Young, Eun-Hye Lee, Eun Na Kim, et al. "Identifying Stabilin-1 and Stabilin-2 Double Knockouts in Reproduction and Placentation: A Descriptive Study." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 19 (2020): 7235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197235.

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The placenta undergoes reconstruction at different times during fetal development to supply oxygen and nutrients required throughout pregnancy. To accommodate the rapid growth of the fetus, small spiral arteries undergo remodeling in the placenta. This remodeling includes apoptosis of endothelial cells that line spiral arteries, which are replaced by trophoblasts of fetal origin. Removal of dead cells is critical during this process. Stabilin-1 (Stab1) and stabilin-2 (Stab2) are important receptors expressed on scavenger cells that absorb and degrade apoptotic cells, and Stab1 is expressed in

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Tsang, Jason C. H., Joaquim S. L. Vong, Lu Ji, et al. "Integrative single-cell and cell-free plasma RNA transcriptomics elucidates placental cellular dynamics." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 37 (2017): E7786—E7795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1710470114.

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The human placenta is a dynamic and heterogeneous organ critical in the establishment of the fetomaternal interface and the maintenance of gestational well-being. It is also the major source of cell-free fetal nucleic acids in the maternal circulation. Placental dysfunction contributes to significant complications, such as preeclampsia, a potentially lethal hypertensive disorder during pregnancy. Previous studies have identified significant changes in the expression profiles of preeclamptic placentas using whole-tissue analysis. Moreover, studies have shown increased levels of targeted RNA tra

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Macintire, Kate, Laura Tuohey, Louie Ye, et al. "PAPPA2 is increased in severe early onset pre-eclampsia and upregulated with hypoxia." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 26, no. 2 (2014): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd12384.

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Severe early onset pre-eclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication, believed to arise as a result of persistent placental hypoxia due to impaired placentation. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A2 (PAPPA2) is very highly expressed in the placenta relative to all other tissues. There is some evidence that PAPPA2 mRNA and protein are increased in association with pre-eclampsia. The aim of the present study was to characterise the mRNA and protein expression, as well as localisation, of PAPPA2 in an independent cohort of severe early onset pre-eclamptic placentas. We also examined whether exp

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Hansen, Anne R., Margaret H. Collins, David Genest, et al. "Very Low Birthweight Infant's Placenta and Its Relation to Pregnancy and Fetal Characteristics." Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 3, no. 5 (2000): 419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100240010043.

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Our objective was to relate pathology of the very low birthweight (VLBW) infant's placenta to pregnancy and fetal characteristics. We correlated the pathologic features of 1146 placentas from infants with birth weights of 500–1500 g who were born between 1/1/91 and 12/ 31/93 to the number of gestations per pregnancy, initiator of preterm delivery, gestational age, birth weight Z score, and duration of rupture of membrane (ROM). Placental correlates of acute inflammation and villous edema were associated with preterm labor (PTL), pre-labor premature rupture of membranes (PROM), lower gestationa

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Armistead, Brooke, Leena Kadam, Sascha Drewlo та Hamid-Reza Kohan-Ghadr. "The Role of NFκB in Healthy and Preeclamptic Placenta: Trophoblasts in the Spotlight". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, № 5 (2020): 1775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051775.

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The NFκB protein family regulates numerous pathways within the cell—including inflammation, hypoxia, angiogenesis and oxidative stress—all of which are implicated in placental development. The placenta is a critical organ that develops during pregnancy that primarily functions to supply and transport the nutrients required for fetal growth and development. Abnormal placental development can be observed in numerous disorders during pregnancy, including fetal growth restriction, miscarriage, and preeclampsia (PE). NFκB is highly expressed in the placentas of women with PE, however its contributi

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Shekhawat, Prem, Michael J. Bennett, Yoel Sadovsky, D. Michael Nelson, Dinesh Rakheja, and Arnold W. Strauss. "Human placenta metabolizes fatty acids: implications for fetal fatty acid oxidation disorders and maternal liver diseases." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 284, no. 6 (2003): E1098—E1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00481.2002.

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The role of fat metabolism during human pregnancy and in placental growth and function is poorly understood. Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorders in an affected fetus are associated with maternal diseases of pregnancy, including preeclampsia, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, and the hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome called HELLP. We have investigated the developmental expression and activity of six fatty acid β-oxidation enzymes at various gestational-age human placentas. Placental specimens exhibited abundant expression of all six enzymes, as assessed by imm

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Karmakar, Mrinal Kanti, Sambit Kar, S. M. Kumar, Subir Kumar Chattopadhyay, L. K. Vaid, and Sukanta Sen. "A study of histological changes of human placenta in rural population of eastern India." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 7, no. 8 (2018): 3280. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20183331.

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Background: Placenta is essential for maintenance of pregnancy and for promoting normal growth and development of fetus. It forms the morphological record of anatomical condition, intrauterine events and intrapartum events of gestation. Present study has been undertaken to record the data on the morphology and histology of placenta from mothers with hypertension and diabetes.Methods: This study showed several significant morphological and histological differences in the placenta of the mother with GDM and hypertensive placenta. The histological study of the placenta was done under microscope a

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Cotter, Simon L., Václav Klika, Laura Kimpton, Sally Collins, and Alexander E. P. Heazell. "A stochastic model for early placental development." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 97 (2014): 20140149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0149.

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In the human, placental structure is closely related to placental function and consequent pregnancy outcome. Studies have noted abnormal placental shape in small-for-gestational-age infants which extends to increased lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease. The origins and determinants of placental shape are incompletely understood and are difficult to study in vivo . In this paper, we model the early development of the human placenta, based on the hypothesis that this is driven by a chemoattractant effect emanating from proximal spiral arteries in the decidua. We derive and explore a two-dime

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Kumar, Dhinesh, and Muthuprasad. "Study of Morphology of Placenta in Fifty Specimens." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 9, no. 2.3 (2021): 8020–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2021.131.

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Introduction: The placenta is an important organ for keeping a pregnancy going and promoting normal foetal development. As a foetal organ, the placenta is subjected to the same stress and strain as the foetus. The growth of the foetus depends upon the location, functional capacity and integrity of the placental attachment. Aim: To study the morphology of the placenta in fifty placental specimens. Methods: The study was conducted in the Institute of Anatomy, Madurai Medical College, in collaboration with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. A total of fifty placental specimens were coll

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Begum, Nasrin, and Roxana Ferdousi. "Study of Gross Anatomy of Human Placenta in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension." Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 10, no. 2 (2015): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v10i2.25923.

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Introduction: Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), also referred to as Gestational hypertension is a condition of high blood pressure during pregnancy. Progression the disease causes preeclampsia and eclampsia, which are the commonest causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.Objective: The objectives of the study were to observe and measure the macroscopic changes in the placenta in pregnancy induced hypertension and to compare the placental findings of the control group. .Method: This descriptive observational study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh

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Siemieniuch, Marta J., Ewelina Jursza, Anna Z. Szóstek, Lina Zschockelt, Alois Boos та Mariusz P. Kowalewski. "Placental Origin of Prostaglandin F2αin the Domestic Cat". Mediators of Inflammation 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/364787.

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In the present study, the question was addressed whether the feline placenta can synthesize prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α). The PGFS protein was elevated, particularly at 2.5–3 weeks of pregnancy compared to 7-8 (P<0.05) and 8.5–9 weeks (P<0.001). Transcripts for PGFS were significantly upregulated at 2.5–3 weeks of pregnancy and then gradually declined towards the end of gestation (P<0.001). Transcripts for PTGS2 were only upregulated in placentas from queens close to term (P<0.001) compared with earlier phases. Staining of PTGS2 showed distinct positive signals in placentas obtained du

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Siddheshware, Ratnamala, Sunil S. Patil, and Pradip W. Sambarey. "Clinical correlation with pathology of placenta in medical disorders of pregnancy and its comparison in normal pregnancy." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 1 (2016): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20164645.

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Background: Healthy placenta is responsible for maintaining pregnancy and promoting normal foetal development. It reflects the intrauterine status of the foetus.Methods: In the present prospective study, total 50 Placentae from Medical Disorders of Pregnancies were studied and compared with equal number of Placentae from normal Pregnancies.Results: The significant macroscopic changes were calcification and infarction seen in Hypertensive Disorder. Extensive placental infarction was associated with high incidence of low APGAR (82%) and perinatal deaths (66.67%). No significant gross macroscopic

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Castillo, Michelle M., Qiuhui Yang, Abril Solis Sigala, et al. "The endothelial protein C receptor plays an essential role in the maintenance of pregnancy." Science Advances 6, no. 45 (2020): eabb6196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb6196.

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Placenta-mediated pregnancy complications are a major challenge in the management of maternal-fetal health. Maternal thrombophilia is a suspected risk factor, but the role of thrombotic processes in these complications has remained unclear. Endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) is an anticoagulant protein highly expressed in the placenta. EPCR autoantibodies and gene variants are associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. In mice, fetal EPCR deficiency results in placental failure and in utero death. We show that inhibition of molecules involved in thrombin generation or in the activation of mat

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Vachrushina, Anna S., Anna S. Krivenko, Svetlana D. Moiseenkova, Anastasiya S. Ogareva, and Vita N. Pokusaeva. "Morphological features of the placenta in pregnant women with excessive gestational weight gain." Aspirantskiy Vestnik Povolzhiya 20, no. 1-2 (2020): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2072-2354.2020.20.1.6-12.

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Study objective. To evaluate the association between the placenta and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG). Materials and methods. A prospective cohort study included the standard ultrasonography with subsequent microscopic morphology of the placenta in term pregnancy. Of 83 examined pregnant women, 46 had excessive GWG and 37 had recommended one. In addition, intensity of lipid infiltration was investigated in 24 placentas (12 in each group). Study results. Excessive GWG resulted in significant enlargement of placenta which resulted in greater neonatal weight. Ultrasonography a

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Achur, Rajeshwara N., Sean T. Agbor-Enoh, and D. Channe Gowda. "Rat Spongiotrophoblast-specific Protein Is Predominantly a Unique Low Sulfated Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan." Journal of Biological Chemistry 281, no. 43 (2006): 32327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m605841200.

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We have previously demonstrated that the human placenta contains a uniquely low sulfated extracellular aggrecan family chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG). This CSPG is a major receptor for the adherence of Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells (IRBCs) in placentas, causing pregnancy-specific malaria. However, it is not known whether such low sulfated CSPGs occur in placentas of other animals and, if so, whether IRBCs bind to those CSPGs. In this study, we show that rat placenta contains a uniquely low sulfated extracellular CSPG bearing chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains, which comp

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Ojha, Kamala, Suniti Rawal, and Abhimanyu Jha. "Placental Pathology in Severe Pre-eclampsia and Eclampsia." Nepalese Medical Journal 1, no. 1 (2018): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nmj.v1i1.20397.

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Introduction: Hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy contribute significantly to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Since placenta is the functional unit between the mother and fetus examination of placenta can give an idea about prenatal experience of fetus. The aim is to observe the morphology and histopathology of placenta in pregnancy with severe preeclampsia / eclampsia between 20-42 weeks of gestation.Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive study carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Department of Pathology at Institute of

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Jang, Won-Kyu, Su-Yeon Lee, Sunggyun Park, et al. "Pregnancy Outcome, Antibodies, and Placental Pathology in SARS-CoV-2 Infection during Early Pregnancy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11 (2021): 5709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115709.

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There are reports that pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 not only have increased morbidity but also increased complications and evidence of maternal and fetal vascular malperfusion on placental pathology. This was a retrospective study of pregnant women diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection after March 2020. The results of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing and IgM and IgG antibody testing of the amniotic fluid, cord blood, placenta, and maternal blood were confirmed at delivery. Placentas were evaluated histopathologically. The study included seven pregnant women diag

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Vhatkar, Ashwini V., Pooja K. Bandekar, Anupama Kanwar, and Minnie Bodhanwala. "Perinatal outcome in abnormal placental villus proliferation and mesenchymal dysplasia." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 2 (2021): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20210333.

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Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a rare vascular anomaly which is characterized by mesenchymal stem villous hyperplasia and placentomegaly. Since the modality of treatment changes it is necessary to distinguish PMD from molar pregnancy, placenta mosaicism, chorioangioma, twin pregnancy with co-existent molar pregnancy. On reviewing cases of abnormal placental villus proliferation having features of placental mesenchymal hyperplasia placentomegaly and cystic appearance of placenta in database of our hospital from 2015-2019, we reported 4 cases of abnormal placental villous proliferation

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Natarajan, Sathish Kumar, Kavitha R. Thangaraj, Ashish Goel, C. E. Eapen, K. A. Balasubramanian, and Anup Ramachandran. "Acute fatty liver of pregnancy: an update on mechanisms." Obstetric Medicine 4, no. 3 (2011): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/om.2011.100071.

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Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP), characterized by hepatic microvesicular steatosis, is a sudden catastrophic illness occurring almost exclusively in the third trimester of pregnancy. Defective fatty acid oxidation in the fetus has been shown to be associated with this disease. Since the placenta has the same genetic makeup as the fetus and as AFLP patients generally recover following delivery, we hypothesized that the placenta might be involved in pathogenesis of this disease. In an animal model of hepatic microvesicular steatosis (using sodium valproate), we found that microvesicular st

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Renegar, R. H., J. N. Southard, and F. Talamantes. "Immunohistochemical co-localization of placental lactogen II and relaxin in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 38, no. 7 (1990): 935–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/38.7.2355175.

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Two hormones with lactogenic activity are produced by the hamster placenta during the second half of pregnancy. One of these hormones, hamster placental lactogen II (haPL-II), has been well characterized; however, its cellular source is not known. In the present study, haPL-II was localized in placental tissues using a specific antibody and the avidin-biotin-peroxidase immunohistochemical technique. Because relaxin has been localized in the hamster placenta, it was of interest to determine if haPL-II and relaxin are localized in the same cells. haPL-II immunoactivity was observed in primary an

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Starks, Rebekah R., Rabab Abu Alhasan, Haninder Kaur, Kathleen A. Pennington, Laura C. Schulz, and Geetu Tuteja. "Transcription Factor PLAGL1 Is Associated with Angiogenic Gene Expression in the Placenta." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21 (2020): 8317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218317.

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During pregnancy, the placenta is important for transporting nutrients and waste between the maternal and fetal blood supply, secreting hormones, and serving as a protective barrier. To better understand placental development, we must understand how placental gene expression is regulated. We used RNA-seq data and ChIP-seq data for the enhancer associated mark, H3k27ac, to study gene regulation in the mouse placenta at embryonic day (e) 9.5, when the placenta is developing a complex network of blood vessels. We identified several upregulated transcription factors with enriched binding sites in

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Santos, R. B., J. M. Silva, and M. E. Beletti. "Ultrastructure of bovine placenta during all gestational period." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 69, no. 6 (2017): 1376–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-9022.

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ABSTRACT Placentas from pregnant cows with different gestation periods were used. Placental fragments of all groups were processed and evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. After fragment analysis, bovine placenta was observed to be epitheliochorial type in early pregnancy, becoming progressively sinepiteliocorial at the beginning of the second trimester. There are no ultrastructural evidences of inflammation in the region of caruncles throughout gestation, despite the invasion of caruncle proper lamina by trophoblast cells. However, throughout pregnancy and especially at the end, the

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Fan, Xiujun, Matthew Petitt, Matthew Gamboa, et al. "Transient, Inducible, Placenta-Specific Gene Expression in Mice." Endocrinology 153, no. 11 (2012): 5637–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2012-1556.

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Abstract Molecular understanding of placental functions and pregnancy disorders is limited by the absence of methods for placenta-specific gene manipulation. Although persistent placenta-specific gene expression has been achieved by lentivirus-based gene delivery methods, developmentally and physiologically important placental genes have highly stage-specific functions, requiring controllable, transient expression systems for functional analysis. Here, we describe an inducible, placenta-specific gene expression system that enables high-level, transient transgene expression and monitoring of ge

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Lacroix, MC, H. Jammes, and G. Kann. "Occurrence of a growth hormone-releasing hormone-like messenger ribonucleic acid and immunoreactive peptide in the sheep placenta." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 8, no. 3 (1996): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9960449.

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Growth hormone releasing factor (GHRH) has been described in the rat, mouse and human placentae. This study reports the presence of an immunoreactive GHRH activity (IR-GHRH) in the ovine placenta. This activity was detected by radioimmunoassay from day 50 (D50) until the end of pregnancy. Higher IR-GHRH concentration in placental tissue was observed on days 100 (543 +/- 123 pg/g) and 140 (550 +/- 62 pg/g) and, when compared with the GHRH content of the ovine hypothalamus (1.2 ng/hypothalamus), represents a considerable amount of GHRH per placenta (a mean of 200 ng). Perifused placenta explants

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Zalud, Ivica, Jennifer Holzman, and Marguerite Lisa Bartholomew. "Ultrasound of the Placenta." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 1, no. 4 (2007): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1119.

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Abstract This review covers ultrasound evaluation of the normal and abnormal placenta with clinical correlation. Normal placental function is essential for a healthy pregnancy outcome as well as for maternal, fetal, childhood, and adult health. Abnormal placental function may result in a compromised pregnancy, creating pathology for the fetus and mother alike. Despite the fact that placental anatomy, function, and location has far-reaching effects for the parents and the developing offspring, ultrasound examination of the placenta is often considered secondary to the fetus by expectant parents

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Ma, Rong, Yang Gu, Shuang Zhao, Jingxia Sun, Lynn J. Groome, and Yuping Wang. "Expressions of vitamin D metabolic components VDBP, CYP2R1, CYP27B1, CYP24A1, and VDR in placentas from normal and preeclamptic pregnancies." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 303, no. 7 (2012): E928—E935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00279.2012.

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Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency during pregnancy has been linked to increased risk of preeclampsia. Placenta dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this pregnancy disorder. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that disturbed vitamin D metabolism takes place in preeclamptic placentas. Protein expressions of vitamin D binding protein (VDBP), 25-hydroxylase (CYP2R1), 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1), and vitamin D receptor (VDR) were examined in placentas from normotensive and preeclamptic pregnancies. By immunostaining we found that in normal placenta

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