Relevant bibliographies by topics / Plant proteomics

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Plant proteomics'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 September 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Plant proteomics"

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Mahajan, R., and P. Gupta. "Proteomics: taking over where genomics leaves off." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 46, No. 2 (June 29, 2010): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/34/2009-cjgpb.

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The proteomic studies are simultaneously developed in several directions and significantly influence our notions on the capabilities of biological sciences. The need for proteomics research is necessary as there are certain genes in a cell that encode proteins with specific functions. Using a variety of techniques, proteomics can be used to study how proteins interact within a system or how the protein expression changes in different parts of the body, in different stages of its life cycle and in different environmental conditions as every individual has one genome and many proteomes. Besides the qualitative and quantitative description of the expressed proteins, proteomics also deals with the analysis of mutual interactions of proteins. Thereby, candidate proteins can be identified which may be used as starting-points for diagnostic or even therapeutic approaches.
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González-Fernández, Raquel, Elena Prats, and Jesús V. Jorrín-Novo. "Proteomics of Plant Pathogenic Fungi." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2010 (2010): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/932527.

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Plant pathogenic fungi cause important yield losses in crops. In order to develop efficient and environmental friendly crop protection strategies, molecular studies of the fungal biological cycle, virulence factors, and interaction with its host are necessary. For that reason, several approaches have been performed using both classical genetic, cell biology, and biochemistry and the modern, holistic, and high-throughput, omic techniques. This work briefly overviews the tools available for studying Plant Pathogenic Fungi and is amply focused on MS-based Proteomics analysis, based on original papers published up to December 2009. At a methodological level, different steps in a proteomic workflow experiment are discussed. Separate sections are devoted to fungal descriptive (intracellular, subcellular, extracellular) and differential expression proteomics and interactomics. From the work published we can conclude that Proteomics, in combination with other techniques, constitutes a powerful tool for providing important information about pathogenicity and virulence factors, thus opening up new possibilities for crop disease diagnosis and crop protection.
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Jorrín–Novo, Jesus V. "Plant Proteomics." Journal of Proteomics 72, no. 3 (April 2009): 283–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2009.03.002.

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Vítámvás, P., K. Kosová, and I. T. Prášil. "Proteome analysis in plant stress research: a review." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 43, No. 1 (January 7, 2008): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1903-cjgpb.

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Proteomic techniques that allow the identification and quantification of stress-related proteins, mapping of dynamics of their expression and posttranslational modifications represent an important approach in the research of plant stresses. In this review, we show an outline of proteomics methods and their applications in the research of plant resistance to various types of stresses.
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Ephritikhine, Geneviève, Myriam Ferro, and Norbert Rolland. "Plant membrane proteomics." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 42, no. 12 (December 2004): 943–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2004.11.004.

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Navrot, Nicolas, Christine Finnie, Birte Svensson, and Per Hägglund. "Plant redox proteomics." Journal of Proteomics 74, no. 8 (August 2011): 1450–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2011.03.008.

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Lilley, Kathryn S., and Paul Dupree. "Plant organelle proteomics." Current Opinion in Plant Biology 10, no. 6 (December 2007): 594–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2007.08.006.

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Bindschedler, Laurence V., and Rainer Cramer. "Quantitative plant proteomics." PROTEOMICS 11, no. 4 (January 18, 2011): 756–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmic.201000426.

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., Ch Muhammad Ishtiaq, Q. He ., J. P. Huang ., Yi Wang ., P. G. Xiao ., and Yi Yu Cheng . "Biosystematics and Plant Proteomics: Role of Proteomics in Plant Phylogenetic Analysis." Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 1, 2007): 3487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2007.3487.3496.

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Yu, LIANG, JING Yu-Xiang, and SHEN Shi-Hua. "Advances in Plant Proteomics." Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 28, no. 1 (2004): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17521/cjpe.2004.0017.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Plant proteomics"

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Noreen, Sadaf. "Plant-microbe interactions : metabolite analysis and proteomics." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488230.

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Wang, Shengbing, and 王聖兵. "A proteomic study of the green microalga haematococcus pluvialis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31246047.

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Abeysinghe, Arachchige Jayami Kaushalya Abeysinghe. "Mechanism of WRKY transcription factors-mediated defense and heterosis in Arabidopsis polyploids." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2018. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/596.

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WRKY transcription factors (TFs) belong to a large family of regulatory proteins in plants that modulate many plant processes. Extensive studies have been conducted on WRKY-mediated defense response in Arabidopsis thaliana and many crop species. This study aims to investigate the potential roles and contributions of WRKY TFs regulation in improving defense response in the resynthesized Arabidopsis allotetraploids (Arabidopsis suecica) from two related autotetraploid progenitors, Arabidopsis thaliana (At4) and Arabidopsis arenosa (Aa). Upon infection by Pseudomonas syringae (Pst), the allotetraploids has showed enhanced resistance against the pathogen when compared to the parents. Rapid induction of WRKY18, WRKY40, WRKY38, WRKY53, WRKY6; MAP kinase pathway related genes, WRKY33, PAD3; SA-pathway related genes, ICS1, EDS1, PBS3, MYB31; was evident in response to Pst and salicylic acid treatment in the allotetraploids. Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences analysis further revealed that the AtWRKY18, AaWRKY40, AtWRKY33, and AtWRKY60 alleles expressed at higher levels when compared to their respective homoeologs in the allotetraploids, suggesting potential altered protein-protein interaction networks in the hybrids. Therefore, a split-luciferase complementation assay was used to characterize and quantify protein-protein interaction among these homoeologous WRKYs in the allotetraploids. Results showed that preferential protein-protein interactions exist for the cis-interacting AtWRKY18/AtWRKY18 homodimer or trans-interacting AtWRKY18/AaWRKY40 heterodimer when compared to the respective interacting complexes. In addition, differential affinities of WRKY18 and WRKY40 homo- and hetero- dimers toward the W-boxes at the WRKY60 promoter were observed. In the allotetraploids, PR1 expression was repressed under basal state when compared to the progenitors. Although PR1 is expressed at a higher level in A. thaliana, its expression fold change was higher and faster in the all otetraploids upon salicylic acid treatment. Transient expression of WRKY18 or WRKY40 homodimer in various combinations induced differential expression of PR1 gene in their respective wrky18 and wrky40 Arabidopsis thaliana mutants. In contrast, similar PR1 induction by homodimer in various combinations was observed when they were transiently expressed in the allotetraploids. In addition, transgenic AtWRKY18 overexpression plant displayed enhanced disease resistance against Pst when compared to AaWRKY18 overexpression lines. Such enhanced disease resistance was found to associate with the higher expression of PR1 and PR2 in AtWRKY18 transgenic lines. Moreover, differential Pst-induced expression of the direct targets (ICS1, EDS1 and PBS3) of WRKY18 in the Arabidopsis AtWRKY18 and AaWRKY18 overexpressors supported a biological difference between the At and Aa homodimers in mediating the targets regulation, thus contributing to the difference in disease responses. Overall, our findings suggested that the rapid differential alleles expression and altered protein-protein or protein-DNA interactions of WRKY transcription factors could contribute to the improved defense in the allotetraploids, providing a molecular basis of for heterotic phenotype development in hybrids.
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Cavaliere, Chiara. "Studies of plant proteomics and metabolomics by means of multidimensional analytical techniques." Doctoral thesis, La Sapienza, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/916872.

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Lau, Edward, and 劉家明. "Combinatorial use of SCX and RP-RP separation for iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics profiling." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44923120.

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Tan, Yew-Foon. "Metal-protein interactome in plant mitochondria." University of Western Australia. School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0162.

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[Truncated abstract] Transition metals in the plant mitochondrion have dual roles in regulating the function of the organelle. While metals participate in mitochondrial respiratory metabolism as ligands in bioenergetic, detoxifying, and various other metabolic enzymes, a breakdown in metal homeostasis during oxidative stress can perpetuate the cycling of ROS by redox active metal ions. Large-scale studies into the duplicitous roles of metal ions in biological systems has been lacking and in this thesis, a combination of metallomics, database annotations, membrane proteomics, metal-protein interactomics, structural biology, functional assays and mass spectrometry were all used to gain a clearer insight into the involvement of metal ions in affecting plant mitochondrial function. The Arabidopsis mitochondrion was shown to contain the transition metals cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc. Interestingly, the redox active copper and iron represented 75% of the mitochondrial metallome and these metal species were revealed to be highly labile during oxidative stress suggesting a possible contribution of metal-catalysed oxidation (MCO) in the damage of biological macromolecules. Bioinformatic analysis of metalloproteins predicted and experimentally determined to be mitochondrially localised revealed that metal ion transporters are poorly characterised. An in-depth proteomic analysis of the membrane proteome was conducted on mitochondria isolated from unstressed and stressed cell cultures resulted in the identification of stress-responsive as well as potential metal ion transporters. Also, many of the annotated metalloproteins predicted to be mitochondrial lack experimental evidence for subcellular localisation. ... However, based on evidence in the literature, it was hypothesised that metal-interacting sites may be the targets for MCO due to their affinity for metal ions. Attempts were made to identify the site specificity of MCO on mitochondrial proteins but no carbonyl sites could be found owing to technical problems associated with non-specific binding of proteins to the enrichment resin and low abundance of the labelled protein carbonyls. The use of the model protein BSA showed that protein oxidation occurs in clusters and the use of model peptides demonstrated that the ability of amino acid residues to complex metal ions is important in dictating susceptibility to MCO. Further experimental verification for the site specificity of MCO is required to determine the consequences of MCO on mitochondrial protein function. Overall, this thesis provided a large-scale analysis of the contributions of metal ions to mitochondrial respiratory metabolism with an emphasis on metal ion induced toxicity. Using multi-facetted approaches, an insight into the dynamic nature of mitochondrial metal homeostasis, stress responsive transporters, the interactions of metal ions with mitochondrial proteins and the possible mechanism in which proteins are specifically oxidised by MCO has been uncovered paving the way for future focused studies characterising the consequences of oxidative stress on specific proteins and their function.
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Tan, Hooi Sin. "Proteomics analysis of somatic embryogenesis in tissue culture of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33755/.

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Oil palm is an important commercial crop in Malaysia where Malaysia is the second largest producer and exporter of palm oilin the world. In order to meet the increasing demand for palm oil, elite oil palm planting materials with higher palm oil yield are the desirable planting materials. Hence, the oil palm plantation companies have incorporated in vitro micropropagation technique through somatic embryogenesis in producing elite oil palm. However, low embryogenesis rate has hampered large production of elite oil palm ramets. In this study, proteomic technology was deployed to compare protein expression and identify differential expressed protein between high and low proliferated embryogenic lines of oil palm tissue culture. From the study, total protein of oil palm young and old leaves was extracted using an optimized trichloroacetic acid/acetone precipitation protocol followed by polyethylene glycol (PEG) fractionation to isolate low abundance proteins. Then, the extracted proteins were separated on two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and protein profiles between the high and low proliferated embryogenic lines were compared. Total of 40 differentially expressed protein spots were isolated from the 2D gel for mass spectrophotometry (MS/MS) identification. However, only 26 out of 40 protein spots were identified and just 8 of the identified protein spots were isolated from young leaves. Quantitative real-time PCR were conducted on 17 proteins candidates to study on the relationship between the protein and mRNA expression level. There was 29% of the 17 proteins’ expression showed linear correlation with their mRNA expression. These proteins candidates were highlighted for further validation in the future.
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Nqumla, Ntombekhaya. "Evaluation of various proteomic techniques to identify proteins involved in cereal stress responses to aphid infestation." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1004572.

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All plants are exposed to abiotic and biotic stresses and have developed intricate signalling responses to survive. They respond to cell-structure disruption caused by herbivore probing and feeding by the formation of callose. Callose is a linear homopolymer made up of β-1,3-linked glucose residues with some β-1,6-branches. Plant responses to abiotic or biotic stress share events such as phosphorylation, membrane depolarization, calcium influx and the release of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide. These events lead to the up-regulation of several pathways leading to biosynthesis of signalling molecules such as salicylic acid, jasmonate, abscisic acid and ethylene pathways. The aim of this study was to determine the most suitable proteomic approach for identifying proteins and signalling pathways involved in cereal response to aphid infestation. An in silico approach was first evaluated in which the 5ʹ upstream regulatory region of proteins belonging to the family of callose synthases was scanned for cis-regulatory elements in order to identify which callose synthases are possibly expressed in plants during biotic or abiotic stresses. Bioinformatics tools were used in the identification of twelve Arabidopsis and ten rice callose synthase coding regions. Genome sequences for rice and Arabidopsis were scanned for the 2000 bp 5ʹ region upstream of the start codon of each callose synthase coding region. PlantCare, PLACE and Athena software were used to identify putative cis-regulatory elements present in the 2000 bp 5ʹ upstream sequences. The majority of cis-acting elements identified were involved in drought and high temperature responses and only one cis-acting element was involved in wound stress. These results therefore indicated a probable role for plant callose synthases in drought stress responses rather than in biotic stress responses. Genevestigator analysis of Arabidopsis results of micro-array experiments indicated that AtGSL10 is highly up-regulated, with AtGSL1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11 and 12 showing medium up-regulation and AtGSL2, 4 and 9 no up-regulation during aphid infestation of Arabidopsis plants, implicating a possible role for AtGSL10 in the plant response to aphid infestation. An LC/MS/MS approach was used to identify specific signalling pathways involved in wheat resistance or stress response to aphid infestation. Eight proteins were identified as being up-regulated during aphid feeding in wheat, and 11 proteins were identified as possibly involved in the wheat resistance mechanism against aphid infestation. Several proteins were also identified as constitutively expressed proteins, during normal conditions and aphid infestation. Most pathways identified with proteins up-regulated in the resistance mechanisms of TugelaDN plants, were related to energy metabolism and located in the chloroplast. Evaluation of two dimensional gel electrophoresis to identify phosphoproteins differentially regulated in wheat during aphid infestation, revealed the up-regulation of three proteins namely photosystem II oxygen-evolving complex protein 2, HVUNKNOWN from Hordeum vulgare subsp vulgare and HSKERAT9 NID from Homo sapiens. Additional 57 proteins were partially identified as involved in the stress response but due to low protein levels, the percentage of matching peptides to these proteins was below the required confidence level. Although these protein identifications were below the confidence level, it is interesting to note that several of the proteins are known stress response proteins, and therefore could serve as potential targets for future investigations. In conclusion, the down and up-regulation of wheat proteins after aphid feeding reported in this study suggest that several signalling pathways are involved in the cereal stress response to aphid feeding. In silico approaches require knowledge or identification of potential proteins whereas 2D and LC/MS can identify numerous proteins still unknown to be involved in specific stress responses. The 2D approach is also limited in that the proteins of interest may be in low abundance and therefore not detected in the gels due to the presence of high abundant proteins. Therefore the best approach to identify proteins and signalling pathways involved in the stress response of wheat to aphid infestation, is the LC/MS/MS approach, as this proved to be the most sensitive and robust, identifying the most proteins with a high degree of confidence.
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Schenck, Craig A. "Using Quantitative Proteomics to Study the Early Events of Gravitropism." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1338380163.

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Spadoni, Sara, and SARA SPADONI. "The role of pectins in the regulation of plant defence responses against pathogens." Doctoral thesis, La Sapienza, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/917331.

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Books on the topic "Plant proteomics"

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Valerie, Mechin, Damerval Catherine, Zivy Michel, and Thiellement Hervé. Plant Proteomics. New Jersey: Humana Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1597452270.

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Jorrin-Novo, Jesus V., Luis Valledor, Mari Angeles Castillejo, and Maria-Dolores Rey, eds. Plant Proteomics. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0528-8.

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Jorrin-Novo, Jesus V., Setsuko Komatsu, Wolfram Weckwerth, and Stefanie Wienkoop, eds. Plant Proteomics. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-631-3.

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Agrawal, Ganesh Kumar, and Randeep Rakwal, eds. Plant Proteomics. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470369630.

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Šamaj, Jozef, and Jay J. Thelen, eds. Plant Proteomics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72617-3.

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Finnie, Christine, ed. Plant Proteomics. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470988879.

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Christine, Finnie, ed. Plant proteomics. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Pub., 2006.

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Roychoudhury, Aryadeep. Plant Proteomics. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b23255.

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Jozef, Šamaj, and Thelen Jay J, eds. Plant proteomics. Berlin: Springer, 2007.

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Mock, Hans-Peter, Andrea Matros, and Katja Witzel, eds. Plant Membrane Proteomics. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7411-5.

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Book chapters on the topic "Plant proteomics"

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Sarnighausen, Eric, and Ralf Reski. "Plant Proteomics." In Functional Proteomics, 29–44. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-398-1_3.

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Komatsu, Setsuko, and Ghazala Mustafa. "Plant Proteomics." In Plant Omics, 30–49. GB: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247534.0003.

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Hirano, Hisashi. "Cereal Proteomics." In Plant Proteomics, 87–104. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72617-3_7.

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Budzinski, Ilara Gabriela F., Thaís Regiani, Mônica T. Veneziano Labate, Simone Guidetti-Gonzalez, Danielle Izilda R. Silva, Maria Juliana Calderan Rodrigues, Janaina Santana Borges, Ivan Miletovic Mozol, and Carlos Alberto Labate. "Proteomics." In Omics in Plant Breeding, 59–79. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118820971.ch4.

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Dam, Svend, and Jens Stougaard. "Proteomics." In Compendium of Plant Genomes, 201–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44270-8_18.

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Alexandersson, Erik, Niklas Gustavsson, Katja Bernfur, Per Kjellbom, and Christer Larsson. "Plasma Membrane Proteomics." In Plant Proteomics, 186–206. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72617-3_13.

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Huang, Shaobai, Richard P. Jacoby, A. Harvey Millar, and Nicolas L. Taylor. "Plant Mitochondrial Proteomics." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 499–525. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-631-3_34.

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Taylor, Nicolas L., and A. Harvey Millar. "Plant Mitochondrial Proteomics." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 83–106. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2639-8_6.

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Sumner, Lloyd W., Bonnie S. Watson, Zhentian Lei, and Satish Nagaraj. "Proteomics of Medicago truncatula." In Plant Proteomics, 121–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72617-3_9.

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Mock, Hans-Peter, Christine Finnie, Katja Witzel, and Birte Svensson. "Barley Proteomics." In Compendium of Plant Genomes, 345–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92528-8_19.

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Conference papers on the topic "Plant proteomics"

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Cooper, Bret. "The Proteomics of Resistance to Halo Blight in Common Bean." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1007156.

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Lin, Shiyu. "Recent Insights into Proteomics in Plant Pathology." In ICBBE '20: 2020 7th International Conference on Biomedical and Bioinformatics Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3444884.3444907.

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Wang, Qianjie. "Top-down proteomics in plant biology:Large scale delineation of proteoforms in Arabidopsis leaf tissue and chloroplast." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1053003.

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Michaud, Dominique. "Functional proteomics-assisted selection of protease inhibitors useful in plant protection against coleopteran herbivores." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.91460.

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Yesiltas, Betul, Charlotte Jacobsen, Egon B. Hansen, Michael Overgaard, Paolo Marcatili, Pedro Garcia-Moreno, Rasmus K. Mikkelsen, and Simon Gregersen. "Physical and oxidative stability of emulsions stabilized with fractionated potato protein hydrolysates obtained from starch production byproduct: Use of bioinformatics and proteomics." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/xxty9713.

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With the increasing demand for sustainable and functional proteins from alternative sources, it is necessary to use advanced proteomics and bioinformatics tools for more time and cost-efficient research. The identification and release of abundant proteins/peptides from plant-based sources has been gaining significant attention by the food industry in the last decade. Despite its low protein content (1–2%), the magnitude of proteins obtained from the starch industry (~240,000 tons/year) makes potatoes a highly relevant source as a plant-based protein. Previously, we have identified and validated abundant peptides with good emulsifying and antioxidant properties using bioinformatics and proteomics tools as well as in vitro model systems. Using data-driven targeted hydrolysis, we were able to release validated, functional peptides from the potato protein obtained from potato fruit juice, a protein rich by-product of potato starch production. This work focuses on fractionation of potato protein hydrolysates (PPH) obtained through such targeted hydrolysis using trypsin and subsequent fraction characterization. Unfractionated (PPH1) and membrane-fractionated (PPH2 as >10kDa, PPH3 as 10-5kDa, PPH4 as 5-0.8kDa and PPH5 as < 0.8kDa) PPH was characterized for emulsifying and antioxidant properties/potential. Pendant drop technique and dilatational rheology were applied for determining interfacial tension and viscoelasticity of the PPH fractions at the oil-water interface. PPH2 (>10kDa) showed higher decrease of oil-water interfacial tension. All fractions predominantly provided elastic, weak and easily stretchable interfaces. PPH2 provided more rigid interfacial layer than the other fractions. Radical scavenging and metal chelating activities of PPHs were also tested and the best activities were provided by fractions >5kDa. Furthermore, their ability to form physically and oxidatively stable 5% fish oil-in-water emulsions were investigated during 8-day storage and results generally showed that fractions >5kDa provided the best stability followed by the 5–0.8kDa fraction.
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Frolov, A. A., T. E. Bilova, K. Ealing, A. Kim, A. A. Tsarev, T. V. Mamontova, E. M. Lukasheva, et al. "Age-related changes in legume root nodules: proteomic an approach." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-453.

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Egorova, A. M. "Proteomic analysis of the influence of key phytoimmunity factors on the roots." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-162.

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Tsarev, A. A., E. M. Lukasheva, A. V. Chasov, K. Illing, A. Zints, A. A. Frolov, and F. V. Minibaeva. "The use of the proteomic method to study the reaction of Dicranum scoparium for hypo- and hyperhydration conditions." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-460.

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Dissanayake, Bhagya M. "Proteomic responses of wheat root tissues to salt stress in relation to root physiology." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1049098.

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Birdseye, Devon S. "Proteomic analyses reveal a molecular phetype in maize hybrids and a correlation between ribosomal protein abundance and hybrid vigor." In ASPB PLANT BIOLOGY 2020. USA: ASPB, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46678/pb.20.1053456.

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Reports on the topic "Plant proteomics"

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Avni, Adi, and Gitta L. Coaker. Proteomic investigation of a tomato receptor like protein recognizing fungal pathogens. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600030.bard.

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Maximizing food production with minimal negative effects on the environment remains a long-term challenge for sustainable food production. Microbial pathogens cause devastating diseases, minimizing crop losses by controlling plant diseases can contribute significantly to this goal. All plants possess an innate immune system that is activated after recognition of microbial-derived molecules. The fungal protein Eix induces defense responses in tomato and tobacco. Plants recognize Eix through a leucine-rich-repeat receptor- like-protein (LRR-RLP) termed LeEix. Despite the knowledge obtained from studies on tomato, relatively little is known about signaling initiated by RLP-type immune receptors. The focus of this grant proposal is to generate a foundational understanding of how the tomato xylanase receptor LeEix2 signals to confer defense responses. LeEix2 recognition results in pattern triggered immunity (PTI). The grant has two main aims: (1) Isolate the LeEix2 protein complex in an active and resting state; (2) Examine the biological function of the identified proteins in relation to LeEix2 signaling upon perception of the xylanase elicitor Eix. We used two separate approaches to isolate receptor interacting proteins. Transgenic tomato plants expressing LeEix2 fused to the GFP tag were used to identify complex components at a resting and activated state. LeEix2 complexes were purified by mass spectrometry and associated proteins identified by mass spectrometry. We identified novel proteins that interact with LeEix receptor by proteomics analysis. We identified two dynamin related proteins (DRPs), a coiled coil – nucleotide binding site leucine rich repeat (SlNRC4a) protein. In the second approach we used the split ubiquitin yeast two hybrid (Y2H) screen system to identified receptor-like protein kinase At5g24010-like (SlRLK-like) (Solyc01g094920.2.1) as an interactor of LeEIX2. We examined the role of SlNRC4a in plant immunity. Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrates that SlNRC4a is able to associate with different PRRs. Physiological assays with specific elicitors revealed that SlNRC4a generally alters PRR-mediated responses. SlNRC4a overexpression enhances defense responses while silencing SlNRC4 reduces plant immunity. We propose that SlNRC4a acts as a non-canonical positive regulator of immunity mediated by diverse PRRs. Thus, SlNRC4a could link both intracellular and extracellular immune perception. SlDRP2A localizes at the plasma membrane. Overexpression of SlDRP2A increases the sub-population of LeEIX2 inVHAa1 endosomes, and enhances LeEIX2- and FLS2-mediated defense. The effect of SlDRP2A on induction of plant immunity highlights the importance of endomembrane components and endocytosis in signal propagation during plant immune . The interaction of LeEIX2 with SlRLK-like was verified using co- immunoprecipitation and a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay. The defence responses induced by EIX were markedly reduced when SlRLK-like was over-expressed, and mutation of slrlk-likeusing CRISPR/Cas9 increased EIX- induced ethylene production and SlACSgene expression in tomato. Co-expression of SlRLK-like with different RLPs and RLKs led to their degradation, apparently through an endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation process. We provided new knowledge and expertise relevant to expression of specific be exploited to enhance immunity in crops enabling the development of novel environmentally friendly disease control strategies.
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Ron, Eliora, and Eugene Eugene Nester. Global functional genomics of plant cell transformation by agrobacterium. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7695860.bard.

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The aim of this study was to carry out a global functional genomics analysis of plant cell transformation by Agrobacterium in order to define and characterize the physiology of Agrobacterium in the acidic environment of a wounded plant. We planed to study the proteome and transcriptome of Agrobacterium in response to a change in pH, from 7.2 to 5.5 and identify genes and circuits directly involved in this change. Bacteria-plant interactions involve a large number of global regulatory systems, which are essential for protection against new stressful conditions. The interaction of bacteria with their hosts has been previously studied by genetic-physiological methods. We wanted to make use of the new capabilities to study these interactions on a global scale, using transcription analysis (transcriptomics, microarrays) and proteomics (2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry). The results provided extensive data on the functional genomics under conditions that partially mimic plant infection and – in addition - revealed some surprising and significant data. Thus, we identified the genes whose expression is modulated when Agrobacterium is grown under the acidic conditions found in the rhizosphere (pH 5.5), an essential environmental factor in Agrobacterium – plant interactions essential for induction of the virulence program by plant signal molecules. Among the 45 genes whose expression was significantly elevated, of special interest is the two-component chromosomally encoded system, ChvG/I which is involved in regulating acid inducible genes. A second exciting system under acid and ChvG/Icontrol is a secretion system for proteins, T6SS, encoded by 14 genes which appears to be important for Rhizobium leguminosarum nodule formation and nitrogen fixation and for virulence of Agrobacterium. The proteome analysis revealed that gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), a metabolite secreted by wounded plants, induces the synthesis of an Agrobacterium lactonase which degrades the quorum sensing signal, N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL), resulting in attenuation of virulence. In addition, through a transcriptomic analysis of Agrobacterium growing at the pH of the rhizosphere (pH=5.5), we demonstrated that salicylic acid (SA) a well-studied plant signal molecule important in plant defense, attenuates Agrobacterium virulence in two distinct ways - by down regulating the synthesis of the virulence (vir) genes required for the processing and transfer of the T-DNA and by inducing the same lactonase, which in turn degrades the AHL. Thus, GABA and SA with different molecular structures, induce the expression of these same genes. The identification of genes whose expression is modulated by conditions that mimic plant infection, as well as the identification of regulatory molecules that help control the early stages of infection, advance our understanding of this complex bacterial-plant interaction and has immediate potential applications to modify it. We expect that the data generated by our research will be used to develop novel strategies for the control of crown gall disease. Moreover, these results will also provide the basis for future biotechnological approaches that will use genetic manipulations to improve bacterial-plant interactions, leading to more efficient DNA transfer to recalcitrant plants and robust symbiosis. These advances will, in turn, contribute to plant protection by introducing genes for resistance against other bacteria, pests and environmental stress.
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Manulis-Sasson, Shulamit, Christine D. Smart, Isaac Barash, Laura Chalupowicz, Guido Sessa, and Thomas J. Burr. Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis-tomato interactions: expression and function of virulence factors, plant defense responses and pathogen movement. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7594405.bard.

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Clavibactermichiganensissubsp. michiganensis(Cmm), the causal agent of bacterial wilt and canker of tomato, is the most destructive bacterial disease of tomato causing substantial economic losses in Israel, the U.S.A. and worldwide. The goal of the project was to unravel the molecular strategies that allow Cmm, a Gram-positive bacterium, to develop a successful infection in tomato. The genome of Cmm contains numerous genes encoding for extracellular serine proteases and cell wall degrading enzymes. The first objective was to elucidate the role of secreted serine proteases in Cmm virulence. Mutants of nine genes encoding serine proteases of 3 different families were tested for their ability to induce wilting, when tomato stems were puncture-inoculated, as compared to blisters formation on leaves, when plants were spray-inoculated. All the mutants showed reduction in wilting and blister formation as compared to the wild type. The chpCmutant displayed the highest reduction, implicating its major role in symptom development. Five mutants of cell wall degrading enzymes and additional genes (i.e. perforin and sortase) caused wilting but were impaired in their ability to form blisters on leaves. These results suggest that Cmm differentially expressed virulence genes according to the site of penetration. Furthermore, we isolated and characterized two Cmmtranscriptional activators, Vatr1 and Vatr2 that regulate the expression of virulence factors, membrane and secreted proteins. The second objective was to determine the effect of bacterial virulence genes on movement of Cmm in tomato plants and identify the routes by which the pathogen contaminates seeds. Using a GFP-labeledCmm we could demonstrate that Cmm extensively colonizes the lumen of xylem vessels and preferentially attaches to spiral secondary wall thickening of the protoxylem and formed biofilm-like structures composed of large bacterial aggregates. Our findings suggest that virulence factors located on the chp/tomAPAI or the plasmids are required for effective movement of the pathogen in tomato and for the formation of cellular aggregates. We constructed a transposon plasmid that can be stably integrated into Cmm chromosome and express GFP, in order to follow movement to the seeds. Field strains from New York that were stably transformed with this construct, could not only access seeds systemically through the xylem, but also externally through tomato fruit lesions, which harbored high intra-and intercellular populations. Active movement and expansion of bacteria into the fruit mesocarp and nearby xylem vessels followed, once the fruit began to ripen. These results highlight the ability of Cmm to invade tomato fruit and seed through multiple entry routes. The third objective was to assess correlation between disease severity and expression levels of Cmm virulence genes and tomato defense genes. The effect of plant age on expression of tomato defense related proteins during Cmm infection was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Five genes out of eleven showed high induction at early stages of infection of plants with 19/20 leaves compared to young plants bearing 7/8 leaves. Previous results showed that Cmm virulence genes were expressed at early stages of infection in young plants compared to older plants. Results of this study suggest that Cmm virulence genes may suppress expression of tomato defense-related genes in young plants allowing effective disease development. The possibility that chpCis involved in suppression of tomato defense genes is currently under investigation by measuring the transcript level of several PR proteins, detected previously in our proteomics study. The fourth objective was to define genome location and stability of virulence genes in Cmm strains. New York isolates were compared to Israeli, Serbian, and NCPPB382 strains. The plasmid profiles of New York isolates were diverse and differed from both Israeli and Serbian strains. PCR analysis indicated that the presence of putative pathogenicity genes varied between isolates and highlighted the ephemeral nature of pathogenicity genes in field populations of Cmm. Results of this project significantly contributed to the understanding of Cmm virulence, its movement within tomato xylem or externally into the seeds, the role of serine proteases in disease development and initiated research on global regulation of Cmm virulence. These results form a basis for developing new strategies to combat wilt and canker disease of tomato.
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Manulis, Shulamit, Christine D. Smart, Isaac Barash, Guido Sessa, and Harvey C. Hoch. Molecular Interactions of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis with Tomato. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697113.bard.

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Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), the causal agent of bacterial wilt and canker of tomato, is the most destructive bacterial disease of tomato causing substantial economic losses in Israel, the U.S.A. and worldwide. The molecular strategies that allow Cmm, a Gram-positive bacterium, to develop a successful infection in tomato plants are largely unknown. The goal of the project was to elucidate the molecular interactions between Cmmand tomato. The first objective was to analyze gene expression profiles of susceptible tomato plants infected with pathogenic and endophytic Cmmstrains. Microarray analysis identified 122 genes that were differentially expressed during early stages of infection. Cmm activated typical basal defense responses in the host including induction of defense-related genes, production of scavenging of free oxygen radicals, enhanced protein turnover and hormone synthesis. Proteomic investigation of the Cmm-tomato interaction was performed with Multi-Dimensional Protein Identification Technology (MudPIT) and mass spectroscopy. A wide range of enzymes secreted by Cmm382, including cell-wall degrading enzymes and a large group of serine proteases from different families were identified in the xylem sap of infected tomato. Based on proteomic results, the expression pattern of selected bacterial virulence genes and plant defense genes were examined by qRT-PCR. Expression of the plasmid-borne cellulase (celA), serine protease (pat-1) and serine proteases residing on the chp/tomA pathogenicity island (chpCandppaA), were significantly induced within 96 hr after inoculation. Transcription of chromosomal genes involved in cell wall degradation (i.e., pelA1, celB, xysA and xysB) was also induced in early infection stages. The second objective was to identify by VIGS technology host genes affecting Cmm multiplication and appearance of disease symptoms in plant. VIGS screening showed that out of 160 tomato genes, which could be involved in defense-related signaling, suppression of 14 genes led to increase host susceptibility. Noteworthy are the genes Snakin-2 (inhibitor of Cmm growth) and extensin-like protein (ELP) involved in cell wall fortification. To further test the significance of Snakin -2 and ELP in resistance towards Cmm, transgenic tomato plants over-expressing the two genes were generated. These plants showed partial resistance to Cmm resulting in a significant delay of the wilt symptoms and reduction in size of canker lesion compared to control. Furthermore, colonization of the transgenic plants was significantly lower. The third objective was to assess the involvement of ethylene (ET), jasmonate (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) in Cmm infection. Microarray and proteomic studies showed the induction of enzymes involved in ET and JA biosynthesis. Cmm promoted ET production 8 days after inoculation and SIACO, a key enzyme of ET biosynthesis, was upregulated. Inoculation of the tomato mutants Never ripe (Nr) impaired in ET perception and transgenic plants with reduced ET synthesis significantly delayed wilt symptoms as compared to the wild-type plants. The retarded wilting in Nr plants was shown to be a specific effect of ET insensitivity and was not due to altered expression of defense related genes, reduced bacterial population or decrease in ethylene biosynthesis . In contrast, infection of various tomato mutants impaired in JA biosynthesis (e.g., def1, acx1) and JA insensitive mutant (jai1) yielded unequivocal results. The fourth objective was to determine the role of cell wall degrading enzymes produced by Cmm in xylem colonization and symptoms development. A significance increase (2 to 7 fold) in expression of cellulases (CelA, CelB), pectate lyases (PelA1, PelA2), polygalacturonase and xylanases (XylA, XylB) was detected by qRT-PCR and by proteomic analysis of the xylem sap. However, with the exception of CelA, whose inactivation led to reduced wilt symptoms, inactivation of any of the other cell wall degrading enzymes did not lead to reduced virulence. Results achieved emphasized the complexity involved in Cmm-tomato interactions. Nevertheless they provide the basis for additional research which will unravel the mechanism of Cmm pathogenicity and formulating disease control measures.
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Harman, Gary E., and Ilan Chet. Enhancement of plant disease resistance and productivity through use of root symbiotic fungi. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695588.bard.

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The objectives of the project were to (a) compare effects ofT22 and T-203 on growth promotion and induced resistance of maize inbred line Mol7; (b) follow induced resistance of pathogenesis-related proteins through changes in gene expression with a root and foliar pathogen in the presence or absence of T22 or T-203 and (c) to follow changes in the proteome of Mol? over time in roots and leaves in the presence or absence of T22 or T-203. The research built changes in our concepts regarding the effects of Trichoderma on plants; we hypothesized that there would be major changes in the physiology of plants and these would be reflected in changes in the plant proteome as a consequence of root infection by Trichoderma spp. Further, Trichoderma spp. differ in their effects on plants and these changes are largely a consequence of the production of different elicitors of elicitor mixtures that are produced in the zone of communication that is established by root infection by Trichoderma spp. In this work, we demonstrated that both T22 and T-203 increase growth and induce resistance to pathogens in maize. In Israel, it was shown that a hydrophobin is critical for root colonization by Trichoderma strains, and that peptaibols and an expansin-like protein from Ttrichoderma probably act as elicitors of induced resistance in plants. Further, this fungus induces the jasmonate/ethylene pathway of disease resistance and a specific cucumber MAPK is required for transduction of the resistance signal. This is the first such gene known to be induced by fungal systems. In the USA, extensive proteomic analyses of maize demonstrated a number of proteins are differentially regulated by T. harzianum strain T22. The pattern of up-regulation strongly supports the contention that this fungus induces increases in plant disease resistance, respiratory rates and photosynthesis. These are all very consistent with the observations of effects of the fungus on plants in the greenhouse and field. In addition, the chitinolytic complex of maize was examined. The numbers of maize genes encoding these enzymes was increased about 3-fold and their locations on maize chromosomes determined by sequence identification in specific BAC libraries on the web. One of the chitinolytic enzymes was determined to be a heterodimer between a specific exochitinase and different endochitinases dependent upon tissue differences (shoot or root) and the presence or absence of T. harzianum. These heterodimers, which were discovered in this work, are very strongly antifungal, especially the one from shoots in the presence of the biocontrol fungus. Finally, RNA was isolated from plants at Cornell and sent to Israel for transcriptome assessment using Affymetrix chips (the chips became available for maize at the end of the project). The data was sent back to Cornell for bioinformatic analyses and found, in large sense, to be consistent with the proteomic data. The final assessment of this data is just now possible since the full annotation of the sequences in the maize Affy chips is just now available. This work is already being used to discover more effective strains of Trichoderma. It also is expected to elucidate how we may be able to manipulate and breed plants for greater disease resistance, enhanced growth and yield and similar goals. This will be possible since the changes in gene and protein expression that lead to better plant performance can be elucidated by following changes induced by Trichoderma strains. The work was in, some parts, collaborative but in others, most specifically transcriptome analyses, fully synergistic.
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Schaffer, Arthur A., and Jocelyn Rose. Understanding Cuticle Development in Tomato through the Study of Novel Germplasm with Malformed Cuticles. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593401.bard.

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Plant cuticle development and metabolism are still poorly understood, partly due to the chemical complexity of the cuticular layer. The overall research objective was to broaden and deepen our understanding of tomato fruit cuticle development by analyzing novel germplasm with cuticular malformations and by studying the transcriptome and proteome of the fruit epidermal tissues, as strategies to overcome the challenges posed by the recalcitrance of the biological system. During the project we succeeded in identifying two genes with major impact on cuticle development. One of these encoded the first cutin synthase to be identified in plants, a metabolic step that had been a black box in cutin synthesis. In addition genes controlling the triterpenoid components of the cuticle were identified and, most interestingly, genetic variability for this component was identified among the wild tomato species germplasm. Additional germplasm was developed based on interspecific crosses that will allow for the future characterization of modifier genes that interact with the microfissuring gene (CWP) to promote or inhibit fruit cracking. One of the major accomplishments of the joint project was the integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of the fruit cuticle and underlying tissues which allows for the identification of the pericarp cell layers responsible for the extracellular, cuticle-localized protein component. The results of the project have expanded our understanding of tomato fruit cuticle development and its genetic control. In addition, germplasm developed will be useful in developing tomato varieties resistant to cracking, on the one hand, and varieties useful for the dehydration industry on the other.
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Shomer, Ilan, Ruth E. Stark, Victor Gaba, and James D. Batteas. Understanding the hardening syndrome of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber tissue to eliminate textural defects in fresh and fresh-peeled/cut products. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587238.bard.

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The project sought to understand factors and mechanisms involved in the hardening of potato tubers. This syndrome inhibits heat softening due to intercellular adhesion (ICA) strengthening, compromising the marketing of industrially processed potatoes, particularly fresh peeled-cut or frozen tubers. However, ICA strengthening occurs under conditions which are inconsistent with the current ideas that relate it to Ca-pectate following pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity or to formation of rhamnogalacturonan (RG)-II-borate. First, it was necessary to induce strengthening of the middle lamellar complex (MLX) and the ICA as a stress response in some plant parenchyma. As normally this syndrome does not occur uniformly enough to study it, we devised an efficient model in which ICA-strengthening is induced consistently under simulated stress by short-chain, linear, mono-carboxylic acid molecules (OAM), at 65 oC [appendix 1 (Shomer&Kaaber, 2006)]. This rapid strengthening was insufficient for allowing the involved agents assembly to be identifiable; but it enabled us to develop an efficient in vitro system on potato tuber parenchyma slices at 25 ºC for 7 days, whereas unified stress was reliably simulated by OAMs in all the tissue cells. Such consistent ICA-strengthening in vitro was found to be induced according to the unique physicochemical features of each OAM as related to its lipophilicity (Ko/w), pKa, protonated proportion, and carbon chain length by the following parameters: OAM dissociation constant (Kdiss), adsorption affinity constant (KA), number of adsorbed OAMs required for ICA response (cooperativity factor) and the water-induced ICA (ICAwater). Notably, ICA-strengthening is accompanied by cell sap leakage, reflecting cell membrane rupture. In vitro, stress simulation by OAMs at pH<pKa facilitated the consistent assembly of ICAstrengthening agents, which we were able to characterize for the first time at the molecular level within purified insoluble cell wall of ICA-strengthened tissue. (a) With solid-state NMR, we established the chemical structure and covalent binding to cell walls of suberin-like agents associated exclusively with ICA strengthening [appendix 3 (Yu et al., 2006)]; (b) Using proteomics, 8 isoforms of cell wall-bound patatin (a soluble vacuolar 42-kDa protein) were identified exclusively in ICA-strengthened tissue; (c) With light/electron microscopy, ultrastructural characterization, histochemistry and immunolabeling, we co-localized patatin and pectin in the primary cell wall and prominently in the MLX; (d) determination of cell wall composition (pectin, neutral sugars, Ca-pectate) yielded similar results in both controls and ICA-strengthened tissue, implicating factors other than PME activity, Ca2+ or borate ions; (e) X-ray powder diffraction experiments revealed that the cellulose crystallinity in the cell wall is masked by pectin and neutral sugars (mainly galactan), whereas heat or enzymatic pectin degradation exposed the crystalline cellulose structure. Thus, we found that exclusively in ICA-strengthened tissue, heat-resistant pectin is evident in the presence of patatin and suberinlike agents, where the cellulose crystallinity was more hidden than in fresh control tissue. Conclusions: Stress response ICA-strengthening is simulated consistently by OAMs at pH< pKa, although PME and formation of Ca-pectate and RG-II-borate are inhibited. By contrast, at pH>pKa and particularly at pH 7, ICA-strengthening is mostly inhibited, although PME activity and formation of Ca-pectate or RG-II-borate are known to be facilitated. We found that upon stress, vacuolar patatin is released with cell sap leakage, allowing the patatin to associate with the pectin in both the primary cell wall and the MLX. The stress response also includes formation of covalently bound suberin-like polyesters within the insoluble cell wall. The experiments validated the hypotheses, thus led to a novel picture of the structural and molecular alterations responsible for the textural behavior of potato tuber. These findings represent a breakthrough towards understanding of the hardening syndrome, laying the groundwork for potato-handling strategies that assure textural quality of industrially processed particularly in fresh peeled cut tubers, ready-to-prepare and frozen preserved products.
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Epel, Bernard, and Roger Beachy. Mechanisms of intra- and intercellular targeting and movement of tobacco mosaic virus. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7695874.bard.

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To cause disease, plant viruses must replicate and spread locally and systemically within the host. Cell-to-cell virus spread is mediated by virus-encoded movement proteins (MPs), which modify the structure and function of plasmodesmata (Pd), trans-wall co-axial membranous tunnels that interconnect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) employ a single MP for cell- cell spread and for which CP is not required. The PIs, Beachy (USA) and Epel (Israel) and co-workers, developed new tools and approaches for study of the mechanism of spread of TMV that lead to a partial identification and molecular characterization of the cellular machinery involved in the trafficking process. Original research objectives: Based on our data and those of others, we proposed a working model of plant viral spread. Our model stated that MPᵀᴹⱽ, an integral ER membrane protein with its C-terminus exposed to the cytoplasm (Reichel and Beachy, 1998), alters the Pd SEL, causes the Pd cytoplasmic annulus to dilate (Wolf et al., 1989), allowing ER to glide through Pd and that this gliding is cytoskeleton mediated. The model claimed that in absence of MP, the ER in Pd (the desmotubule) is stationary, i.e. does not move through the Pd. Based on this model we designed a series of experiments to test the following questions: -Does MP potentiate ER movement through the Pd? - In the presence of MP, is there communication between adjacent cells via ER lumen? -Does MP potentiate the movement of cytoskeletal elements cell to cell? -Is MP required for cell-to-cell movement of ER membranes between cells in sink tissue? -Is the binding in situ of MP to RNA specific to vRNA sequences or is it nonspecific as measured in vitro? And if specific: -What sequences of RNA are involved in binding to MP? And finally, what host proteins are associated with MP during intracellular targeting to various subcellular targets and what if any post-translational modifications occur to MP, other than phosphorylation (Kawakami et al., 1999)? Major conclusions, solutions and achievements. A new quantitative tool was developed to measure the "coefficient of conductivity" of Pd to cytoplasmic soluble proteins. Employing this tool, we measured changes in Pd conductivity in epidermal cells of sink and source leaves of wild-type and transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana) plants expressing MPᵀᴹⱽ incubated both in dark and light and at 16 and 25 ᵒC (Liarzi and Epel, 2005 (appendix 1). To test our model we measured the effect of the presence of MP on cell-to-cell spread of a cytoplasmic fluorescent probe, of two ER intrinsic membrane protein-probes and two ER lumen protein-probes fused to GFP. The effect of a mutant virus that is incapable of cell-to-cell spread on the spread of these probes was also determined. Our data shows that MP reduces SEL for cytoplasmic molecules, dilates the desmotubule allowing cell-cell diffusion of proteins via the desmotubule lumen and reduces the rate of spread of the ER membrane probes. Replicase was shown to enhance cell-cell spread. The data are not in support of the proposed model and have led us to propose a new model for virus cell-cell spread: this model proposes that MP, an integral ER membrane protein, forms a MP:vRNAER complex and that this ER-membrane complex diffuses in the lipid milieu of the ER into the desmotubule (the ER within the Pd), and spreads cell to cell by simple diffusion in the ER/desmotubule membrane; the driving force for spread is the chemical potential gradient between an infected cell and contingent non-infected neighbors. Our data also suggests that the virus replicase has a function in altering the Pd conductivity. Transgenic plant lines that express the MP gene of the Cg tobamovirus fused to YFP under the control the ecdysone receptor and methoxyfenocide ligand were generated by the Beachy group and the expression pattern and the timing and targeting patterns were determined. A vector expressing this MPs was also developed for use by the Epel lab . The transgenic lines are being used to identify and isolate host genes that are required for cell-to-cell movement of TMV/tobamoviruses. This line is now being grown and to be employed in proteomic studies which will commence November 2005. T-DNA insertion mutagenesis is being developed to identify and isolate host genes required for cell-to-cell movement of TMV.
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