Academic literature on the topic 'Po chan fa'

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Micro-Tom) plants infected by the stolbur phytoplasma (isolate PO) display floral abnormalities, including sepal hypertrophy, virescence, phyllody, and aborted reproductive organs, which are reminiscent of those observed in Arabidopsis thaliana mutants affected in flower development genes. Semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and in situ RNA hybridization were used to compare expressions of meristem and flower development genes in healthy and stolbur phytoplasma-infected tomatoes. In infected plants, FALSIFLORA (FA), controlling the identity of the inflorescence meristem, was up-regulated, whereas LeWUSCHEL (LeWUS) and LeCLAVATA1 (LeCLV1), regulating the meristem development, and LeDEFICIENS (LeDEF), responsible for the organ (petals and stamens) identity within the flower, were down-regulated regardless of the development stage of the flower bud. In contrast, expression of TAG1, which regulates stamen and carpel identities and negatively controls LeWUS, was up-regulated at the early stages and down-regulated at the late stages. In situ RNA hybridization analyses revealed that TAG1 transcripts were restricted to the same floral meristem territories in healthy and infected tomatoes, indicating that tissue-specific expression of TAG1 was not affected by the stolbur phytoplasma infection. Taken together, these data indicate that flower malformations of stolbur phytoplasma-infected tomatoes are associated with early changes in the expression of key flower development genes. The possible mechanisms by which the multiplication of stolbur phytoplasma in tomato sieve tubes deregulates floral development are discussed.

Kompleksno varnostno okolje in izzivi sodobnega sveta, s katerimi se vsak dan srečujemo, predstavljajo rdečo nit članka, v katerem trdim, da se mora obrambni sistem kot del nacionalno-varnostnega sistema sodobne družbe nenehno prila- gajati izzivom okolja, v katerem deluje. Kajti le njegovo stalno prilagajanje mu namreč omogoča učinkovito odgovoriti na izzive, ki jih prinašajo s seboj procesi globalizacije, tudi na področju varnosti. Izziv predstavlja področje organiziranosti obrambnih sistemov in finančnih virov, ki zagotavljajo njihovo delovanje po posa- meznih državah. Omenjeno področje je namreč v državah različno urejeno oziroma so se države večinoma različno lotile organiziranja oziroma prilagajanja sistema na izzive sodobnega okolja. Uspešnost njihovega prilagajanja bo merljiva šele čez čas. Ker strateški in usmerjevalni dokumenti določajo tudi preoblikovanje obrambnega sistema Slovenije, je smiselno upoštevati tudi primere dobre prakse in pristope, ki so jih uporabile izbrane države. Kajti le s pravočasnim in celovito izvedenim preobli- kovanjem obrambnega sistema se bo zagotovila še učinkovitejša podpora obramb- nemu sistemu in v potrebnem obsegu tudi sistemu varstva pred naravnimi in drugimi nesrečami. A complex security environment and the challenges of modern world encountered every day, represent the main theme of this article. I argue that the defence system, as part of a modern national security system, should continuously adapt to the chal- lenges of its operational environment. Only continuous adaptation will enable it to effectively respond to the challenges engendered by globalisation processes, also in the security domain. The organisation of defence systems and financial resources fa- cilitating their functioning in individual countries are a challenge. The regulation of this subject area varies from country to country, or better, the countries have adopted different ways to approach organisation and adaptation of the system to the challen- ges of the modern environment. However, the results of their adjustment will not be measurable until after a while. Since the strategic and guidance papers also define the transformation of the defence system of the Republic of Slovenia, it is sensible to consider the examples of good practice and the approaches adopted by selected countries. Only timely and comprehensive transformation of the defence system will provide a more effective support to the defence system and, to the desired extend, to the system of protection against natural and other disasters.

Th e Pacificorp acqui sition of The Energy Compan y, last year,which is itself a fuel and power marketing amalgam , served to empha-size to the private power indu stry an ascending ladder of realities:• The PURPA-ba sed IPP industry is history (Old News)• Linkage of pow er marketers and fuel suppliers is a logical de vel-op men t (Accep ted Wisdom)• "Con vergence" of en erg y suppl y techniques will be the foundationof the new con solidated energy industry (Rapidly Accepted Wis-dom )To clin g to this newe st rung of the ladder , private power indu str ym emb ers face a clas sic quandary : finding an appropr iate re sponse to theder egul ation genie whose escape from the regulatory bottle it has solon g p romoted . The challenges are clear enough : prevent unfair exerciseof comp etitive advantage by the new convergence mega-c ompanies ; fa-cilitate merchant project financing in the ne w world of shorter term en-ergy arr ang ements; reestablish a useful, functional role in the foreshort-ened en erg y food chain. In short: figure out what to sell from the cornergrocery once the supermarket comes to town.The trick , of course, is to do all of these things without taking po-sitions or establishing strategic business alliances which inadvertentl yha ve the effect of perpetuating the old regulatory order.