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Journal articles on the topic "Podsolization"
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Dalsgaard, Lise, Holger Lange, Line Tau Strand, et al. "Underestimation of boreal forest soil carbon stocks related to soil classification and drainage." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 46, no. 12 (2016): 1413–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0466.
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Soil organic carbon (C), accumulated over millennia, comprise more than half of the C stored in boreal and temperate forest landscapes. We used the Norwegian national forest inventory and soil survey network (n = 719, no deep organic soils) to explore the validity of a deterministic model representation of this pool (Yasso07). We statistically compared simulated and measured soil C stocks and related differences (measured – simulated) to site factors (drainage, topography, climate, vegetation, C-to-N ratio, and soil classification). Median C stocks were 5.0 kg C·m−2 (model) and 14.5 kg C·m−2 (measurements). Soil C differences related to site factors (r2 of 0.16 to 0.37). For Brunisols, Gleysols, and wet Organic soils, differences related primarily to topographic wetness. For Regosols, Podzols, and Dystric Eluviated Brunisols, they related to climate, profile depth, and, in some cases, drainage class and site index. We argue that soil moisture regimes in our study area overrule tree productivity effects in the determination of soil C stocks and present conditions for soil formation that the model cannot (and does not explicitly) account for. These are processes such as humification and podsolization that involve eluviation and illuviation of dissolved organic C (DOC) with sesquioxides to form spodic B horizons and carbon enrichment due to hampered decomposition in frequently anoxic conditions.
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Bonchkovskyi, O. S. "Changes in pedogenic processes during Pryluky times (Late Pleistocene) in the central part of the Volyn Upland." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 28, no. 2 (2019): 230–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/111924.
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In the central part of the Volyn Upland, the Pryluky palaeosol unit have been studied in nine loess-soil sites (Boremel 1 - 3, Novyi Tik, Smykiv, Shybyn, Kolodezhi, Kovban, Novostav). Several sections were excavated along a slope in each studied site in order to reveal the palaeocatena and to study the most complete palaosol successions. The last were found in palaeorelief depressions, which were acting as sediment traps. The genetic interpretation of palaeosols was carried out on the basis on field macromorphological and analytical (micromorphology, grain-size analysis, content of humus and CaCO3) studies. In order to reconstruct the main features of palaeovegetation as an important factor of pedogenesis, pollen analysis of the palaeosols was carried out. It proved a good correspondence between a character of palaeovegetation and a palaeosol type. It has been shown that grain-size composition of the lower Prylyky soils strongly depends on that of parent rocks (Tyasmyn unit of hillwash sandy loam and Kaydaky unit of pedosediment).. The Chernozem-like polygenic soil is the most common within studied area. The lower part of soil has signs of podsolization (powder of SiO2, light color, low content of clay). The upper Pryluky soils are distorted by erosional and cryogenic processes (mainly by solifluction textures) that hampers the interpretation of diagenetic and original pedogenicprocesses. The abundant bioturbations in the subsoil (the largest number among the Late Plestocene soils), high content of humus, complex microaggregates, but leach in the СaCO3 have been established to Pryluky soil unit. The presence of relic pedogenic signs in the polygenetic soil, an assumption is made about the existence of several stages of its formation. The investigation of pedocomplexes confirm it. The study of well-developed pedocomplexes in sedimentation traps allows the allocation of those pedogenic phases during Pryluky times: pl1b1 – Podzolic, Cryptopodzolic, Albeluvisol, Albic Luvisol; pl1b2 – Luvic Chernozem, Chernic Chernozem and Cryptopodzolic,; pl1с – Umbrisol and Cambic Luvisol; pl3a – Luvic Cambisol; pl3b1 – Luvisol and Luvic Cambisol; pl3b2 – Mollic and Luvic Cambisol.
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Matviishyna, Zhanna, and Oleksandr Parkhomenko. "Holocene pedogenesis peculiarities of the Early Bronze Age settlement near the village of Malchivtsi (the Bar district of the Vinnytsia region)." Physical Geography and Geomorphology 99, no. 1-2 (2020): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/phgg.2020.1-2.03.
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The paper concerns the issue of using paleopedological data in order to reconstruct the ancient Man environments during the different periods of the Holocene. The soil sections, located within the ancient settlement (the excavation №1) and outside it (the excavation №2, the modern soil), have been studied at the archeological site of the Early Bronze Age in the Bar district of the Vinnytsia region, 150 m SW of the Murafa River and 1 km SW of the Malchivtsi village. The samples were taken for grain-size, bulk chemical, and micromorphological analyses, and large-scale field sketches with smears of natural material were made. Micromorphology of soil genetic horizons has been analyzed in sections with intact structure. Podzolization, lessivage, and clay weathering were the main processes in the soil formation (excavation №1) that allows to define it as transitional between Greyzem and Luvisol. The fact that the soil profile includes a large number of ‘krotovinas’, and carbonate material is present in some of them indicates that the carbonate horizon was located at a small depth below the soil.The settlement existed under predominance of forest landscapes of a fairly humid climate, as it is evidenced by the soil profile. The modern soil was studied in order to compare it with the paleosol of the settlement. According to macro- and micromorphological features, the modern soil can be defined as brown- podzolic forest, which humus-eluvial horizon is depleted in organic-iron material and it includes a huge number of light “washed” areas without typical complex aggregates. Thus, the features of ancient and modern soils indicate their formation in a humid, moderately warm climate of the forest-steppe zone. However, the profile of the ancient soil of the settlement, formed on the sandy substrate, was better differentiated into the eluvial and illivial genetic horizons. It has a significant number of ‘krotovinas’ and the features typical for cultivated soils. If the ancient soil is more similar to the podzolic soils, which at present spread to the north of the studied area, the modern soil, formed on loamy substrate, is closer to the Luvisol but still with the features of podsolization. This soil type evidences a wetter climate regime as compared to the ancient soil. The features of lessivage may indicate the dominance of deciduous (beech-hornbeam) forests in this area (the composition of their leaf mould is enriched in carbonates).
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Desyatnik, K. O. "Role of calcium in optimization of fertility parameters and conditions of pedobiont existence in chernozems podzolized." Fundamental and Applied Soil Science 16, no. 1-2 (2015): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/041505.
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Physical, physical-chemical and biological properties of soil, and above all, the reaction of its medium, proportionaly dependent on its absorption capacity, especially in relation to such important macronutrient as calcium. On chernozem soils of Forest-Steppe zone during podsolization, saturation of soil by calcium decreases that causes increasing its acidity, it has detrimental effect on biota, especially for members of soil invertebrates, which in turn play an important role in the transformation of matter and energy of ecosystems in maintaining ecological functions and improving natural soil fertility. Therefore, the issue of calcium availability and ways to improve its content in soil is very popular. Primary importance becomes liming, which is not only a factor in increasing the pH of acidic soils, but also contributes to ensuring this element for soils, plants, and by food chain for animals and people. Purpose of the work – to establish the relationship between changes in physical and chemical parameters and the number of soil invertebrates (mesofauna) and structural-aggregate state of chernozem podzolized heavy loam by application of calcium ameliorants. Research on the effect of containing calcium ameliorants for physical and chemical and biological parameters of chernozem podzolized heavy loam were conducted during 2012–2014 in the Experimental Field «Slobozhanske» State Enterprise of National Scientific Center «Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry Research named after O.N. Sokolovsky» (Kharkiv district, Kharkiv region) small plot experiment. Scheme experiment: 1) control (without meliorants); 2) slaked lime; 3) dolomite; 4) cement dust; 5) red mud. It was determined the dynamics of changes in pH, Ca activity, number of lumbricids and structural condition of the soil. Measurement of pH and activity of calcium ions (Ca2+) was performed at the beginning and end of the growing season for three years in undisturbed soil (in situ) by direct potentiometry using ionselektyvnyh electrodes for certified methodology NSC ISSAR (MVI 31-497058-023-2005). Calculation of soil invertebrates (mesofauna) was performed by hand excavation and demolition soil samples by the method Gilyarova. The structural composition of soil was determined by screening in air-dry and wet sieving method N. I Savinova at a depth of 0–20 cm with subsequent determination coefficient structuring and vodotryvkosti. As a result of the application of calcium ameliorants on chernozem podzolized heavy loam, there was a significant increase in activity of calcium, which in turn led to the neutralization of soil acidity. These changes in physical and chemical properties of the soil were naturally reflected in the number of soil biota. Because, ground mesofauna is one of the most important indicators of the environment. For example, reducing biodiversity pedofauny weakens the zoo of processes, and as a consequence of land degradation. In the result of research, carried out during three years a positive linear relationship between increasing pH and number of lumbricids (rain worms) was determined, it was possible to note that by liming of chernozem podzolized the most favorable environmental conditions for life were created. At the same time it was proved that liming contributes to the formation of soil aggregates coagulation of colloids, and as a result soil structure improving. Statistical analysis of the data indicates a high level of correlation between the activity of calcium and structuring factor r=0,93. At the same time, there is a pattern to increase structuring coefficient by increasing the number of lumbricids (r = 0,74). Such dependence confirms the key role of calcium in the course of soil processes, and the need for a systematic approach in the study of influence of external factors on soil. In this article it is proved that the application of calcium ameliorants on chernozem podzolized, not only neutralizes soil acidity, but also improves conditions for the existence of soil invertebrates, which make a kind of biological soil reclamation, that ultimately contributes to its fertility reproduction and self-regulation.
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Chevychelov, Alexander P., and Peter I. Sobakin. "The Contents and Distributions of Natural Radionuclides 238U, 232Th, 40K in Permafrost Soils of Central Yakutia." Journal of Siberian Federal University. Biology, March 2020, 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/1997-1389-0315.
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The present study addresses the contents and distributions of natural radionuclides 238U, 232Th, and 40K in six main types (subtypes) of soils that have developed in friable alluvial sandy deposits within various layers of the topography of the Central Yakutian Plain. The minimum concentrations of these radionuclides are registered in forest soils of the eluvial type that have developed on weathered sandy deposits of the high level, whereas the maximum concentrations are detected in forest pale-yellow and meadow-steppe soils that have developed on loess-like carbonate loams of the middle level and in polymictic sands of the lower level of the plain, respectively. In addition to the structure of soil forming rocks, the soil formation processes in these soils, such as humus accumulation, podsolization, bleaching, and intra-soil clay deposition have a significant effect on the contents and distributions of 238U, 232Th, and 40K. In the soils examined in this study, 40K distribution followed the eluvial and uniform patterns, whereas the intra-profile distribution of 238U and 232Th was more variable, following the accumulative, eluvial, accumulative eluvial, accumulative eluvial-illuvial, and accumulative illuvial patterns. We have revealed statistically significant correlations between 238U and 232Th contents and soil contents of humus, clay, and silt
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Yamelynets, Taras, Zinoviy Pankiv, and Stepan Malyk. "Soil-forming processes in profile textural-differentiated forest soils of the Cis-Carpathian region, Ukraine." BALTIC FORESTRY 26, no. 2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.46490/bf472.
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Throughout the history of soil science development, one of the most controversial issues was the explanation of the genesis of the profile textural-differentiated soils influenced by forest vegetation and climate conditions within the Cis-Carpathian region, Ukraine. Scientists' views on the formation of the eluvial-illuvial, namely granulometric content, and profile differentiation have been and remain ambiguous due to the contradictory criteria of diagnosing the processes of eluvial soil degradation (lessivage, podzolization, eluvial-gleying process) and the almost similar results of these processes. The complexity and ambiguous interpretation of the genetic nature of the profile textural-differentiated soils of the Cis-Carpathian region necessitates the development of clear diagnostic criteria for revealing their genetic nature. The purpose of the work is to establish the diagnostic criteria of elementary soil-forming processes in profile textural-differentiated forest soils of the Cis-Carpathian region based on the analysis of data on soil properties previously collected by the authors.
 It has been established that in sod-podzolic soils formed under forest, the main profile-forming elementary process of soil formation is podzolization, which is characterized by the negative values of the eluvial-accumulative coefficients and the coefficient of change of the silicate part for the upper three horizons. The processes of lessivage and segregation are of little intensity in this type of soils. The main profile-forming elementary processes of soil formation in brown-podzolic soils (Neocambic Gleyic Retisols) are lessivage and inner soil argillization with little podzolization, the eluvial-gleying process and segregation effects.
 Keywords: forest soils, argillanes, neoplasms, ortsteins, podsolization, elementary soil-forming processes, Cis-Carpathian region
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"Reconstruction of Holocene vegetation history in three dimensions at Waun-Fignen-Felen, an upland site in South Wales." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences 322, no. 1209 (1988): 159–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1988.0124.
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Sixteen sites in and around a small upland bog in South Wales were investigated by means of pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating. Most of the sites have ombrogenous (blanket) peat overlying a thin basal mor with abundant charcoal. A Devensian Late-glacial basin filled with muds and reedswamp deposits is shown to underlie the blanket peat in part of the area. It is concluded that the outlet of the basin was probably blocked by the development of ombrogenous peat, perhaps around 6500 years BP (though not closely dated), which spread across the basin and later up its western shore. The pollen diagrams are divided into a series of pollen assemblage zones. The zone boundaries appear synchronous within the limits of the methods. Hazel played an important role in the woodland vegetation of the pre-peat mineral soils. This woodland had generally been replaced by heath and blanket peat by about 6000 years BP. Nevertheless, some woodland apparently persisted locally in areas where peat or mor accumulation had not yet begun. Alder appears to have been established in the basin area by ca . 7000 years BP and to have spread more widely some 500—1000 years later, possibly taking advantage of environmental damage caused by Mesolithic man, evidence of whose occupation is found in the area. It is concluded that Mesolithic man was probably responsible for making a small clearing in the woodland at ca . 8000 years BP when the first mor deposit began to accumulate. Heath vegetation first came into existence at about this time and there is circumstantial evidence of maintenance by burning. Heath conditions lasted in some areas until ca . 5500 years BP and on the more permeable soils podsolization took place. It is argued that the accumulation of relatively impermeable mor soils under heath was a major factor in the initiation of ombrogenous peat growth. This most generally began in the period ca . 5500-5800 years BP though it was both earlier ( ca . 7600 years BP) and later ( ca . 4000 years BP) in some areas. A comparison is made of the behaviour of certain pollen curves at the major sites in which it is found that sites with common features fall into spatially coherent groups. It is concluded, therefore, that the pollen diagrams often reflect vegetational changes taking place in relatively small areas. A reconstruction of the vegetational changes in the 4000 years after ca . 8000 years BP is made by means of a series of maps. The classical elm decline of the Atlantic-Sub-boreal transition ( ca . 5000-5500 years BP) is variably represented and there follows a series of three other declines or minima dated to ca . 4600 years BP, ca . 4000 years BP and ca . 2850 years BP (though again with some possible variability). The Bronze Age appears to have been a time of major human impacts on the local vegetation with some woodland regeneration taking place in the earlier Iron Age before a renewed period of clearance that persisted through Romano-British times.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Podsolization"
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Martinez, Pedro Henrique Rodrigues de Moraes. "Relações sedimentologia-geomorfologia-hidrologia e seus efeitos na gênese de Espodossolos sob Restinga na Ilha Comprida-SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-16062015-164829/.
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A Ilha Comprida formou-se no Quaternário tardio e é uma ilha barreira arenosa composta de um conjunto de superfícies de rugosidade moderada à plana, nas quais se formaram Espodossolos com padrões variados de desenvolvimento e morfologia. Essa pesquisa utilizou a abordagem multiescalar, com observações e descrições através de sensoriamento remoto, topocronossequências, perfis, horizontes e seções delgadas de solo. O levantamento cartográfico com o auxílio de fotografias aéreas 1:16.000 do setor sul da Ilha Comprida permitiu mapear as feições geomorfológicas de cordões praiais, áreas planas, reentrâncias de manguezais, dunas frontais (cordões eólicos), rupturas de deflação (blow-outs) e bordas de terraços. O estudo baseou-se em dois perfis transversais (leste-oeste) com 3 km de extensão, onde foi possível identificar diversas unidades de crescimento sedimentar. As transeções A-B e C-D estão situadas no interior e na falésia sul da ilha, respectivamente. Comparando-se os solos dessas transeções é possível constatar o papel desempenhado pela evolução da drenagem na formação, manutenção e degradação dos horizontes espódicos. A degradação dos horizontes espódicos da transeção C-D está ligada à abertura de canais de raízes onde se instalam fluxos preferenciais de água, somado a atividade decompositora de Acidobactérias. Foram realizados levantamentos topográficos e da configuração vertical e lateral dos horizontes dos solos das transeções, sendo instalados 14 poços de monitoramento do nível freático na transeção A-B. As informações do relevo, solo e dinâmica atual do lençol freático permitiram identificar cinco compartimentos morfopedológicos. Os compartimentos I, II e IV, com maior rugosidade do terreno, possuem Espodossolos bem desenvolvidos providos de ortstein na zona próxima ao limite de oscilação do lençol freático, enquanto o compartimento III é mais plano e apresenta Espodossolos Hidromórficos e Organossolos. No compartimento V, mais recente, a podzolização é incipiente. As análises de estatística da distribuição das areias e micromorfologia indicam que a granulometria e o ajuste espacial dos grãos de areia de certas camadas sedimentares, atuam no acúmulo de Matéria Orgânica Dissolvida (MOD) através do acentuado gradiente de condutividade hidráulica ou por quebra de capilaridade. O resultado é a formação de bandas e horizontes cimentados (Bhm) em determinados contatos estratigráficos. Os cordões e entre-cordões praiais convergentes para à Ponta da Trinheira (sudoeste da ilha) controlam a direção dos fluxos hídricos superficiais e subsuperficiais do local, funcionando como escoadouro de MOD, cujo aporte contínuo e lateral explicaria a formação dos horizontes Bhm gigantes que sustentam o limite territorial em forma de \"L\". A descida gradual e contínua do NRM e o efeito de borda na falésia sul ocorrido após sua erosão colaboraram para o dessecamento e hiperdesenvolvimento do ortstein deste local. O horizonte glei (2Cg) é um paleomangue e ocorre de forma pontual na face lagunar da ilha. Seu impedimento à drenagem limita o avanço da podzolização em profundidade, formando o horizonte Bhm acima do horizonte 2Cg. Algumas raízes e paleogalerias tubulares de Callichirus major, preenchidas por areia, promovem bioturbações capazes de condicionar o acúmulo e cimentação de MOD. As galerias formadas pelo crustáceo são holocênicas e a manutenção de seus vestígios até os dias atuais se deve ao processo de pedofossilização por podzolização.<br>Formed since the late Quaternary period, the Ilha Comprida is made up by a set of geomorphological units depicted whether by rough or smooth surfaces, where both have Spodosols with a range of morphology and development stages. Multiscale approach has been applies through the spatial representation of topochronossequences, soil profiles, soil horizons and soil thin sections. Cartography survey of the south Ilha Comprida has been aided by aerial photos, allowed to mapping geomorphological features: beach ridge and swales; plan surfaces; coves with mangrove recesses; and edge of terrains. The study was based on two transversal profiles (east-west) with nearly 3 km of width, located at southernmost of Ilha Comprida, where there are several growth units. There transections A-B and C-D are located inland and at the cliffs, respectively. The soils from these transections show the role play by drainage conditions on formation and degradation of spodic horizon. The degradation of spodic horizons through transection C-D is linked to the preferential flow channels created by roots growth, plus by the decomposition activities of Acidbacterias. Traditional topography survey and lateral configuration of soils has been draw to depict these transections, where 14 wells were deployed for water table monitoring (transection A-B).The relief, soil, and water table information allowed the delimiting of five morphopedologic compartments. The compartments I, II and IV has rough surfaces (higher and close beach ridges) with Spodosol well developed provided with ortstein at oscillation zone of water table, while compartment III is a flat surface with Hydromorphic Spodosol and Histosols. Compartment V is the youngest surface and has incipient podsolization. Statistic of sand grain size and micromorphology analysis indicates that granulometry and spatial sand arrangement of some sedimentary package, deal with Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) accumulation through high hydraulic conductivity gradient or capillarity breaks. It results in formation of bands and commentated horizons (Bhm) at some stratigraphic boundaries. The presence of beach ridges and swales alignments convergent towards southwest of Ilha Comprida, plus the directions of local hydrography flows, implies that the swales are channels of DOM, which contribute to ortstein formation at Ponta da Trincheira. The slow decreasing of sea level along the Holocene, in addition to the edge effect upon erosion of the south sandy cliff, also played a role to ortstein genesis. Gley horizon (2Cg) with mineralogical assemblage similar to the soils found in the mangrove, suggest that some mangroves has been buried by the costal dynamics typical in infra-tidal environment. Currently, these buried horizons occur locally and plays a impediments for drainage, which is expressed in accumulation and cementation by organic matter (Bhm horizon). Some roots and Callichirus major fossils entail bioturbation that also enable accumulation and cementation of DOM. This icnofossils might have been preserved through pedofossilization by the podsolization process itself.