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Journal articles on the topic 'Polarographic techniques'

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Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Bakari, Souad, Marco Borsari, Maria Cannio, et al. "Role of the solvent in the oxidative process of a Hg electrode in the presence of thiopyrimidine derivatives." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 83, no. 8 (2005): 1132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-125.

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The electrochemical oxidation of a Hg electrode in the presence of thiopyrimidine derivatives has been investigated in a collection of organic solvents using voltammetric and polarographic techniques. Remarkable adsorption phenomena control the electrochemical process, which in all cases gives rise to a Hg(I) complex. The Laviron adsorption model is found to describe well the polarographic adsorption wave. Some correlations between adsorption parameters and solvent properties have also been observed and discussed.Key words: polarography, voltammetry, thiopyrimidine, solvent effect, adsorption.

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2

Squella, Juan A., Juan C. Sturm, Alejandro Alvarez-Lueje, and Luis J. Núñez-Vergara. "Voltametric Behavior of Zopiclone: Polarographic Determination in Tablets." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 77, no. 3 (1994): 768–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/77.3.768.

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Abstract Electrochemical reduction of zopiclone at different pHs and concentrations was studied by polarography and cyclic voltametry. Both techniques revealed a reduction process with weak adsorption of both zopiclone and its reduction derivative. Zopiclone exhibited 2 differential pulse polarographic peaks at the dropping mercury electrode. The first peak was used to develop a differential pulse polarographic analytical procedure for determining the drug in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Reproducibility and recovery coefficients of variation were 1.6 and 2.2%, respectively. Analysis of commerc

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3

Rodríguez Mellado, José Miguel. "The use of modern polarographic techniques in elucidation of reduction mechanisms of 1,3,5-triazine and pyridine herbicides on mercury electrodes." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 74, no. 11-12 (2009): 1599–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc2009086.

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The application of differential pulse polarography to elucidation of the mechanisms of electroreduction of some heterocyclic herbicides is presented, showing that modern polarographic techniques are useful in fields different from electroanalysis. The methodology is briefly exposed and the results of its application to reduction of 1,3,5-triazine and pyridine herbicides are discussed.

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4

Barek, Jiří, Barbara Tietzová, and Jiří Zima. "The polarographic and voltammetric determination of congo red." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 52, no. 4 (1987): 867–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19870867.

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The polarographic reduction of the bisazodye congo red has been studied, a mechanism was proposed for this process and optimal conditions were found for determination of this substance by TAST polarography and differential pulse polarography at a dropping mercury electrode and using fast scan differential pulse voltammetry and voltammetry with linearly increasing voltage at a hanging mercury drop electrode. The detection limit for the latter two techniques is about 10-8 mol l-1; a further decrease in the value can be attained by prior accumulation of the determined substance by adsorption on t

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5

R., C. KAPOOR, C. K. MATHUR K., and SHARMA PRADEEP. "Polarographic Behaviour of Ferric Iron in Presence of N,N'-Dihydroxyethylglycine." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 62, Nov 1985 (1985): 830–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6324853.

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Department of Chemistry, University of Jodhpur, Jodhpur-342 003 Complexation of Fe<sup>III</sup>-<em>N,N'</em>-dihydroxyethylglyeine has been studied employing the techniques of de polarography, cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse polarography. The method involved the conversion of total iron into ferric form and subsequent complexation with <em>N,N'</em>-dihydroxyethylglycine in alkaline medium. Conditions were standardised in which ferric iron gave a distinct d.p. polarographic peak. Estimation of iron in low concentration has been made possible by the dpp technique.

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6

GARAI, T., Z. NAGY, F. FAGIOLI, and C. LOCATELLI. "Resolution of differential pulse polarography: Comparison with a.c. polarographic techniques." Analytical Sciences 2, no. 1 (1986): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.2.15.

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7

R., N. GOYAL, and MINOCHA ASHWANI. "Elucidation of Redox Behaviour of Ethyl-2,3- dioxobutyrate-2-phenylhydrazono-3-semicarbazone by Polarographic and Voltammetric Techniques." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 62, Mar 1985 (1985): 202–5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6303319.

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Department of Chemistry, University of Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667 <em>Manuscript received 10 April 1984, reused 7 August 1981, accepted 18 January 1985</em> The electrochemical behaviour of ethyl-2,3-dioxobutyrate-2-phenyihydrazono-3- semicarbazone has been studied in a wide range of <em>p</em><strong>H</strong> by polarography, linear and cyclic sweep voltammetry, coulometry and spectral studies. The reduction of this compound takes place in a single 4e <em>p</em><strong>H</strong> dependent irreversible step. In cyclic voltammetry one anodic peak is also observed, when the sweep was Initi

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8

Barek, Jiří, and Roman Hrnčíř. "Polarographic and Voltammetric Determination of 4,4'-Bis[(4-phenylamino-6-methoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 59, no. 5 (1994): 1018–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19941018.

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The polarographic and voltammetric behaviour was examined for the title compound, which is the basic component in many commercial optical whitening agents. Dimethylformamide containing 5 vol.% water was chosen as the solvent and tetraethylammonium bromide as the supporting electrolyte. The optimum conditions were found for determining the substance by tast polarography, differential pulse polarography, linear sweep voltammetry on a hanging mercury drop electrode, and differential pulse voltammetry on a hanging mercury drop electrode. The analyte concentration regions for the four techniques we

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9

Stonys, Dalia B. "Determination of Sulfur Dioxide in Foods by Modified Monier-Williams Distillation and Polarographic Detection." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 70, no. 1 (1987): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/70.1.114.

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Abstract A rapid, sensitive polarographic method is presented for determining sulfiting agents in foods and beverages. The method is based on the modified Monier-Williams distillation followed by polarographic detection by differential pulse polarography or square wave voltammetry. A clearly defined wave is obtained by both techniques, with a current maximum at a potential (E) of about -600 mV vs an Ag/ AgCl reference electrode. The reaction is based on the reduction of sulfur dioxide at a dropping mercury electrode. Peak current was linear over the range 0-20 μg/mL. Quantitation is done by li

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10

Čížek, Karel, Jiří Barek, and Jiří Zima. "Polarographic and Voltammetric Determination of Trace Amounts of 3-Nitrofluoranthene." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 71, no. 11-12 (2006): 1571–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20061571.

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The polarographic behavior of 3-nitrofluoranthene was investigated by DC tast polarography (DCTP) and differential pulse polarography (DPP), both at a dropping mercury electrode, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV), both at a hanging mercury drop electrode. Optimum conditions have been found for its determination by the given methods in the concentration ranges of 1 × 10-6-1 × 10-4 mol l-1 (DCTP), 1 × 10-7-1 × 10-4 mol l-1 (DPP), 1 × 10-8-1 × 10-6 mol l-1 (DPV) and 1 × 10-9-1 × 10-7 mol l-1 (AdSV), respectively. Practical applicability of these tech

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11

Kiriyak, Ludmila, Natalia Cecoi, Tatiana Cazac, and Mihail Revenco. "Adsorption Wave of Vanadium Complex with 2,3–Dihydroxybenzaldehyde." Chemistry Journal of Moldova 4, no. 2 (2009): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2009.04(2).16.

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The polarographic behavior of the complex formed by V(V) and 2,3–dihydroxybenzaldehyde (2,3–DHBA) in the solution containing acetate buffer (pH 5,2) has been investigated. By means of a.c. polarography, chronovoltammetry and other techniques, it has been shown that the electrode process is complicated by the adsorption of 2,3-DHBA and its vanadium complex. The kinetic and adsorption parameters of the electrode process have been determined: adsorption equilibrium constant B= 1,32⋅105 mol-1⋅dm3, the attraction constant γ = 1,2, the maximum surface concentration Гmax = 9,10⋅10-11 mol⋅ cm-2; the s

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12

Crespo-Pinilla, M. S., A. B. Infante, and F. Mata-Pérez. "Analysis of the electrode kinetics of Ni(II) reduction at the DME in the presence of nicotine." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 78, no. 5 (2000): 521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v00-048.

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A study of the prewave of the Ni2+ - nicotine system was carried out under the experimental conditions when the influence of electroreduction of nicotine is negligible. The kinetics of Ni(II) reduction in nicotine media on the dropping mercury electrode were studied by direct current Tast polarography (DCTP) via the determination of the Koutecky's parameter, χ and the influence of different variables was analyzed. An electrochemical study of the prewave was also made by using various polarographic techniques. Values of χ depend on the nicotine concentration, pH, ionic strength (ψ-effect), and

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13

Liotier, Elodie, Guy Mousset, and Christine Mousty. "Electrochemical and spectroscopic behavior of trifluoromethylacetophenone in aqueous and micellar medium." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 73, no. 9 (1995): 1488–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v95-184.

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The electrochemical behavior of 4-trifluoromethylacetophenone (TFMA) has been studied in aqueous (2 ≤ pH ≤ 10), micellar, and ethanolic solutions using polarographic techniques. A slow hydration process of the carbonyl group has been observed by means of polarography and UV–visible spectrophotometry. Besides the well-known pH dependence of the electroreduction of aromatic ketones, C—F bond cleavages concomitant to the ketone reduction occur under electrolysis conditions in alkaline medium (pH = 10) at a very negative potential (−1.7 V), leading to the formation of 4-methylacetophenone, which i

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14

NILIMA, DlWAN, and P. JOSHI A. "Trace Determination of Titanium by Differential Pulse Polarography." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 66, Nov 1989 (1989): 839–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6122560.

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Department of Chemistry, Nagpur University, Nagpur-440 010 <em>Manuscript received 30 March 1988, revised 10 January 1989, accepted 2 June 1989</em> Trace Determination of Titanium by Differential Pulse Polarography

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15

Crespo-Pinilla, María S., Fernando Mata-Pérez, and Rosa M. Villamañán. "Analysis of the Electrode Kinetics of Ni(II) Reduction in Thiocyanate Media on the Dropping Mercury Electrode." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 65, no. 3 (2000): 326–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20000326.

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A study of two prewaves of the Ni(II)-SCN- system was carried out under the experimental conditions when the influence of electroreduction of SCN- is negligible. Kinetics of Ni(II) reduction in thiocyanate media on the dropping mercury electrode was studied by DC Tast Polarography (DCTP) via determination of Koutecký's parameter χ; the influence of different variables was analyzed. The study of prewaves was performed using various polarographic techniques. Values of χ depend on the SCN- concentration, pH, ionic strength (Ψ-effect) and on the nature of the supporting electrolyte. The number of

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16

Fink, Barbara, and Richard M. Hill. "Corneal oxygen uptake: A review of polarographic techniques, applications, and variables." Contact Lens and Anterior Eye 29, no. 5 (2006): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2006.09.005.

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17

Gonzalez Cortes, A., J. M. Pingarron Carrazon, and L. M. Polo Diez. "Electroanalytical study of dimethyl phthalate by polarographic techniques in emulsified medium." Electrochimica Acta 36, no. 10 (1991): 1573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(91)85008-u.

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18

Sharma, Arun Kumar, and Shveta Acharya. "The Interaction and Thermodynamic Studies on the Binding of Congo Red Dye with Collagen Protein by Polarographic and Equilibrium Dialysis Techniques." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 233, no. 5 (2019): 691–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2018-1181.

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Abstract The survey of the existing literature revealed that the binding of Molybdenum, Vanadium, Zinc, Cadmium, Copper, Nickel and Cobalt with the protein is well known but no binding studies of Congo red molecules with collagen are reported. With a view to extend the existed knowledge of ecological nature of dye-protein system, it was thought of interest to investigate of properties of dye-protein mixture. The binding of Congo red dye has been studied with collagen protein using polarographic and equilibrium dialysis techniques. The intrinsic association constants and the number of binding s

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19

Hoegh-Guldberg, O., and D. Manahan. "Coulometric measurement of oxygen consumption during development of marine invertebrate embryos and larvae." Journal of Experimental Biology 198, no. 1 (1995): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.198.1.19.

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Determining the metabolic rate of larval invertebrates from aquatic habitats is complicated by the problems of small size and the scarcity of suitable measurement techniques. In this study, coulometric respirometry (a new technique for the study of marine embryos and larvae) was used to explore several issues associated with the rate of energy use during embryonic and larval development of marine invertebrates from three phyla. Coulometric respirometry measures rates of oxygen consumption under normoxic conditions by electrochemically replacing the oxygen consumed by organisms during an experi

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20

Bersier, Pierre M., Jacques Bersier, and Petr Zuman. "Applied Polarography and Voltammetry of Organic Compounds in Practical Day-To-Day Analysis. Part 1: Applied Polarographic and Voltammetric Techniques." Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 16, no. 1 (1985): 15–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408348508085458.

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21

Bersier, Pierre M., and Petr Zuman. "Applied Polarography and Voltammetry of Organic Compounds in Practical Day-to-Day Analysis. Part 1: Applied Polarographic and Voltammetric Techniques." C R C Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 16, no. 1 (1985): 15–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408348508542784.

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22

El-Hasani, S. R., S. M. Al-Dhaheri, M. S. El-Maazawi, and M. M. Kamal. "Polarographic and Voltammetric Determination of Some Toxic Heavy Metal Ions in the Treated Wastewater at Abu-Dhabi, U.A.E." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 7 (1999): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0330.

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Differential pulse polarographic (DPP) and anodic stripping voltammetric (DP-ASV) techniques were employed for determination of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd in the treated wastewater at Abu-Dhabi, U.A.E. Four samples were collected from two different treated wastewater plants at Al-Ain and Abu-Dhabi cities during the period of May-Nov, 1996. The collected samples were subjected to UV-irradiation, before the direct analysis, to eliminate the interference effect of the organic compounds on the determination of the metal ions. Double step solvent extraction was used to minimize the effect of interference of

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23

Smajdor, Joanna, Beata Paczosa-Bator, and Robert Piech. "Advances on Hormones and Steroids Determination: A Review of Voltammetric Methods since 2000." Membranes 12, no. 12 (2022): 1225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12121225.

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This article presents advances in the electrochemical determination of hormones and steroids since 2000. A wide spectrum of techniques and working electrodes have been involved in the reported measurements in order to obtain the lowest possible limits of detection. The voltammetric and polarographic techniques, due to their sensitivity and easiness, could be used as alternatives to other, more complicated, analytical assays. Still, growing interest in designing a new construction of the working electrodes enables us to prepare new measurement procedures and obtain lower limits of detection. A

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24

Dr., Jaswant Sharma, and Sharma Ruby. "Polarographic Analysis of Heavy Metals in Soil Samples from the Marble Industry in Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan." International Journal of Innovative Research and Creative Technology 1, no. 3 (2015): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13285493.

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This research paper presents a polarographic analysis of heavy metal contamination in soil samples from the marble industry in Kishangarh, Ajmer, Rajasthan. The study focuses on evaluating the concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and zinc (Zn) using polarographic techniques, with the aim of understanding the extent of soil pollution and its implications. Soil samples were collected from various distances around marble processing units, revealing elevated levels of Pb, Cd, Cr, and Zn, which are concerning given their potential health and environmental impacts. Average conce

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25

Anastopoulos, Anastos, and Anastasia Christodoulou. "Effect of surface active cations undergoing interfacial rearrangements on deposition type electrode reactions." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 53, no. 4 (1988): 732–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19880732.

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The influence of the adsorption of methyltriphenyl- and cyclopropyltriphenylphosphonium cations on simple deposition reactions of Cd2+ and Zn2+ at the dropping mercury electrode, is studied by polarographic techniques. The size parameters of the activated complex, r≠, and adsorbate particles, ri, are determined and discussed. It is shown that for substances undergoing interfacial rearrangements, i.e. condensation and reorientation, the values of the size ratio r≠/ri can hardly be correlated to independently determined values of r≠ and ri. Electrode coverages are related to formal rate constant

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26

Hromadová, Magdaléna, Lubomír Pospíšil, Romana Sokolová, and Viliam Kolivoška. "Electrochemical reduction of dodecylpyridinium bromide in aprotic solvents: Mechanistic studies." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 76, no. 12 (2011): 1895–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc2011154.

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Reduction mechanism of 1-dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (DPBr) in dimethylsulfoxide has been studied on mercury electrode. Based on the classical polarographic methods as well as on the use of AC techniques it was shown that DPBr is reduced in a reversible one electron transfer step followed by dimerization of the corresponding radical species. Reduction process is accompanied by the adsorption phenomena even in the non-aqueous solvents. Possible modes of DPBr adsorption have been studied by the ex situ scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) imaging of these molecules on highly oriented pyrolytic

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27

Van Aardt, W. J. "Respirometrie — soos toegepas op terrestriële en akwatiese invertebrate." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 9, no. 4 (1990): 162–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v9i4.470.

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A review is presented of the apparatus and techniques used to determine the oxygen consumption rate (MO₂) of terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates. The classic manometric method (especially constant pressure respirometry) has been extensively used in the past to measure MO₂. At present this method is still being used with success for small invertebrates weighing less than 1 mg in live weight. The more modern electrochemical techniques have the advantage that measurements can be made over longer time intervals because these instruments are better suited to automation. MO₂ measurements were firs

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28

Hart, J. P. "Polarographic and voltammetric techniques and their application to the determination of vitamins and coenzymes." TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 5, no. 1 (1986): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-9936(86)90012-9.

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29

Lanza, P., and S. Zappoli. "A critical study on the determination of selenium in gallium arsenide by polarographic techniques." Analytica Chimica Acta 185 (1986): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(86)80049-6.

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30

Acharya, Shveta, and Arun Kumar Sharma. "The Thermodynamic and Binding Studies of Hg+2 Ions with Egg Protein by Polarographic and pH Metric Techniques." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 233, no. 8 (2019): 1073–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2018-1158.

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AbstractThe binding of mercury (II) ion has been studied with egg protein at different pH values and temperatures by the polarographic technique. The binding data were found to be pH and temperature dependent. The intrinsic association constants (k) and the number of binding sites (n) were calculated from Scatchard plots and found tobe at the maximum at lower pH and at lower temperatures. The free energy change (ΔG°) of the combining sites were least at the higher pH and highest at the low pH; therefore, a lower temperature and lower pH offered more sites in the protein molecule for interactio

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31

Korany, Mohamed A., Ismail I. Hewala, and Karim M. Abdel-Hay. "Determination of Etofibrate, Fenofibrate, and Atorvastatin in Pharmaceutical Preparations and Plasma Using Differential Pulse Polarographic and Square Wave Voltammetric Techniques." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 91, no. 5 (2008): 1051–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/91.5.1051.

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Abstract Etofibrate, fenofibrate, and atorvastatin were determined in their pharmaceutical preparations and human plasma using differential pulse polarographic and square wave voltammetric techniques by reduction at a dropping-mercury working electrode versus Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The reversibility of the electrode reactions was tested using cyclic voltammetry, and they were found to be irreversible reduction reactions. Optimum conditions such as pH, scan rate, and pulse amplitude were studied, and validation of the proposed methods was performed. The proposed methods proved to be accur

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32

Vanderkooi, J. M., M. Erecinska, and I. A. Silver. "Oxygen in mammalian tissue: methods of measurement and affinities of various reactions." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 260, no. 6 (1991): C1131—C1150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1991.260.6.c1131.

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Oxygen is the primary oxidant in energy-producing biological reactions and is also involved in the synthesis and degradation of many structural and regulatory molecules of physiological importance. This review discusses the advantages and limitations of the currently available methods for measuring oxygen in mammalian tissue and bodily fluids. These include 1) the effects of O2 on the relaxation time of molecules excited by electromagnetic radiation and observed by optical (fluorescence and phosphorescence) and magnetic (nuclear magnetic resonance and electron paramagnetic resonance) technique

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Casassas, Enric, Miquel Esteban, and Santiago Alier. "Pulse polarographic study of the behaviour of some o,o'-dihydroxyazo-compounds." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 54, no. 5 (1989): 1219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19891219.

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The reduction of several o,o'-dihydroxyazo-compounds is studied by means of pulse polarographic techniques (DPP, NPP and RPP). The compounds studied are the following: 2-(2'-hydroxyphenylazo)-phenol (o,o'-dihydroxyazobenzene), 1-(2'-hydroxy-1'-naphthylazo)-2-naphthol-4-sulphonic acid (calcon or Eriochrome Blue Black R), 1-(2'-hydroxy-4'-sulpho-1'-naphthylazo)-2-hydroxy-3-naphthoic acid (calcon carboxylic acid), and 1-(1'-hydroxy-2'-naphthylazo)-6-nitro-2-naphthol-4-sulphonic acid (Eriochrome Black T). Correlations between Ip and Epand experimental variables (pH, T, conc.) and instrumental para

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34

Powathil, Gibin, Mohammad Kohandel, Michael Milosevic, and Siv Sivaloganathan. "Modeling the Spatial Distribution of Chronic Tumor Hypoxia: Implications for Experimental and Clinical Studies." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/410602.

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Tumor oxygenation status is considered one of the important prognostic markers in cancer since it strongly influences the response of cancer cells to various treatments; in particular, to radiation therapy. Thus, a proper and accurate assessment of tumor oxygen distribution before the treatment may highly affect the outcome of the treatment. The heterogeneous nature of tumor hypoxia, mainly influenced by the complex tumor microenvironment, often makes its quantification very difficult. The usual methods used to measure tumor hypoxia are biomarkers and the polarographic needle electrode. Althou

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35

Arranz, P. "Stripping voltammetric and polarographic techniques for the determination of anti-fungal ketoconazole on the mercury electrode." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 33, no. 4 (2003): 589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00247-4.

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36

Henneke, Else, George W. Luther, and Gert J. de Lange. "Determination of inorganic sulphur speciation with polarographic techniques: Some preliminary results for recent hypersaline anoxic sediments." Marine Geology 100, no. 1-4 (1991): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(91)90228-v.

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37

DeGrado, T. R., J. E. Holden, C. K. Ng, D. M. Raffel, and S. J. Gatley. "Measurement of O2 consumption in isolated organs without venous cannulation." Journal of Applied Physiology 66, no. 3 (1989): 1316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1989.66.3.1316.

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A new two-sensor technique for measurement of O2 consumption in isolated organs without venous cannulation was successfully applied to the isolated rat heart. Because this technique eliminates the net exchange of O2 between venous effluent and the environment, measurement of the O2 concentration is conveniently made by use of a polarographic sensor in a collected pool of effluent at the bottom of a closed organ chamber. The method was validated against conventional techniques using cannulation of the pulmonary artery. The two-sensor technique allows O2 consumption measurements to be made in is

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38

Namdeo, Rajendra P., and K. S. Pitre. "Pulse Polarographic Trace Determination of Bismuth in Natural Waters and Biological Materials." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 29, no. 1 (1992): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000456329202900112.

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A convenient and accurate analytical procedure has been developed for the trace determination of bismuth(III) in natural waters and biological fluids. Bismuth gives a well-defined, diffusion-controlled cathodic wave in 1 M HCl with a half wave potential of −0·21 V with reference to a saturated calomel electrode. Trace amounts of Bi(III) have been determined by normal pulse and differential pulse polarographic techniques in a 1 M HCl supporting electrolyte with linear calibration plots. The determination of Bi(III) has been achieved in the presence of metals with which it is commonly associated

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39

García Colmenares, José Mauricio, Leidy Paola Páez Cepeda, and Sandra Patricia Chaparro. "Electrochemical quantification of chlorpyrifos in white (Allium cepa L.) and green (Allium fistulosum L.) onions Cuantificación voltamétrica de clorpirifos en cebolla de bulbo (Allium cepa L.) y cebolla de rama (Allium fistulosum L.)." Acta Agronómica 68, no. 3 (2019): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/acag.v68n3.75456.

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The Linear sweep voltammetry method (LSP) of a common pesticide such as chlorpyrifos (CP) an organophosphate pesticide (OPP) in white (Allium cepa L.) and green onions (Allium fistulosum L.) was investigated. A hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) Ag/AgCl was used as reference electrode and platinum as a counter electrode. The OPP was extracted from the onion through liquid-liquid partition using acetone/dichloromethane as the solvent. Validated method was compared with GC/ECD as a reference method. CP concentration was not different between the two analytical techniques; the analysis was per

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Breccia, A., F. Busi, E. Gattavecchia, and M. Tamba. "Reactivity of nitro-thiophene derivatives with electron and oxygen radicals studied by pulse radiolysis and polarographic techniques." Radiation and Environmental Biophysics 29, no. 3 (1990): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01210519.

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Casassas, E., and C. Ariño. "Determination of stability constants of some cadmium complexes by polarographic techniques in the presence of electrode adsorption." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry 213, no. 2 (1986): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(86)80205-4.

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MENEK, Necati, Okan UQARLI, Saim TOPQU, Serpil ZEYREKLİ, and Yeliz KARAMAN. "Investigation of Catalytic Effect Nitrite on Electrochemical Reduction of Cobalt Dimethylglyoxime Complex by Polarographic and Voltammetric Techniques." International Journal of Electrochemical Science 9, no. 5 (2014): 2445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1452-3981(23)07939-7.

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Rajeev, Jain, Tomar Sandeep, and Bhadoria Jyoti. "Polarographic and cyclic voltammetric studies on 2-amino-4,6-dimethyl-5-[ 4' -sulphonamoyl]azopyrimidines." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 76, Mar 1999 (1999): 135–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5853224.

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School of Studies in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior-474 011, India <em>Manuscript received 4 February 1998, revised 10 November 1998, accepted 16 November 1998</em> Electrochemical behaviour of 2-amino-4,6-dimethyl-5-[4<em>'</em>-sulphonamoyl]azopyrimidines has been studied at DME and GC electrodes by employing techniques such as d.c. polarography, cyclic voltammetry and coulometry in Britton-Robinson buffers (pH 2.8-11.5). The reduction gives one well-defined, irreversible and diffusion-controlled, 2-electron wavelpeak corresponding to the reduction of -N=N- to -NH-NH-. The product

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Carla', M., M. Sastre De Vicente, M. R. Moncelli, M. L. Foresti, and R. Guidelli. "Non-conventional normal pulse polarographic techniques with a static mercury electrode for applications at very low reactant concentrations." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry 246, no. 2 (1988): 283–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(88)80165-7.

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P., UMAPATHY, P. BUDHKAR A., and S. DORAI C. "Synthesis and Spectral Studies on Metal Chelates of Heterocyclic Carboxaldehyde Thiosemicarbazones." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 63, Aug 1986 (1986): 714–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6295026.

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National Chemical Laboratory, Poona-411 008 <em>Manuscript received 18 September 1984, </em>revised <em>16 August 1985, accepted 12 August 1986</em> Square-planar neutral metal chelates of aldehyde thiosemicarbazones of the type ML,. where M=Ni<sup>II</sup>, Pd<sup>lI</sup> or Pt<sup>II</sup> and HL =thiosemicarbazone or 4-phenyl- or 4-methytthlosemicarbazone of 2-furaldehyde or thiopbene-2-carboxaldehyde or <em>o</em>-nitrobenzaldehyde. have been synthesised and characterised. Jr. uv-visible. <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C nmr and polarographic techniques have been utilised t

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Guiberteau Cabanillas, Agustina, Teresa Galeano Díaz, Nielene María Mora Díez, Francisco Salinas, Juan Manuel Ortiz Burguillos, and Jean-Claude Viré. "Resolution by polarographic techniques of atrazine–simazine and terbutryn–prometryn binary mixtures by using PLS calibration and artificial neural networks." Analyst 125, no. 5 (2000): 909–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b000726i.

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Lecoffre, Yves, Guillaume Maj, and Vivien Aumelas. "Bubbles and microbubbles for hydrodynamic test facilities." La Houille Blanche, no. 4 (August 2018): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/lhb/2018041.

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Bubbles are known to have important effects in hydrodynamic facilities such as cavitation tunnels, hydraulic flow loops, pumps, valves and turbines test facilities, towing tanks etc. They are also used to simulate real two-phase flows with various void fractions or bubble size distributions under different pressure and velocity conditions. In order to manage safely these problems or to simulate at best the prototype conditions, an arsenal of theoretical and experimental techniques is necessary, including: – The control of dissolved air, which is under the form of independent molecules moving i

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Mabrouk, E. M., Kh A. Al Omary, A. S. Al Omary, and E. H. El-Mossalamy. "Electrochemical and Spectrastudies of Some Sulfa Drug Azodyes and Their Metal Complexes in Aqueous Solution." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 14, no. 1 (2017): 6021–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v14i1.6316.

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The electrochemical behavior of some azo compounds derived from sulfa drugs derivatives in B.R. buffer solutions of different pH containing 20 (v/v) ethanol was investigated at the mercury electrode using different techniques (DC,DPP,CV and Coulometry) to investigate the effect of medium on the electro reduction process and suggestion the electrode reaction mechanism. The obtained results denoted that these compounds were reduced undergo a single irreversible 4- electron polarographic wave in acid and neutral solutions which represent the cleavage of the N=N center to the amine stage, whereas

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Theodoridou, E., A. D. Jannakoudakis, P. D. Jannakoudakis, and S. Antoniadou. "Electrochemically oxidized carbon fibres as an adsorbent for the attachment of dissolved substances. Adsorption of nitro compounds and ion-exchange of heavy metals." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 69, no. 12 (1991): 1881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v91-272.

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The adsorption of several aromatic nitro compounds and the ion-exchange of heavy metal ions on electro-oxidized carbon fibres have been investigated using cyclic voltammetric and polarographic techniques. Electro-oxidation is performed by potentiostatic double pulse application. This procedure results in the generation of many functional —OH and —COOH groups with adsorptive and ion-exchanging properties.Multimolecular layers of adsorbed substances may be formed through a procedure of successive adsorption of the nitro-compound and electro-reduction to the corresponding amine, resulting in the

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Guiberteau, A., T. Galeano, N. Mora, F. Salinas, J. M. Ortı́z, and J. C. Viré. "Resolution by polarographic techniques of the ternary mixture of captan, captafol and folpet by using PLS calibration and artificial neuronal networks." Computers & Chemistry 25, no. 5 (2001): 459–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0097-8485(00)00109-1.

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