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1
LEVICKY, Michal, Marta URBANIKOVA, and Maria DRAGUNOVA. "Progress in the Transition of the Circular Economy in Slovakia and the European Union." Journal of Business 10, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31578/job.v10i1.185.
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The transition from a linear economy to a circular economy is one of the main priorities for the development of the European Union and is also part of its industrial strategy. The transition to a circular economy is a key element of the European Union’s efforts to develop a sustainable and competitive economy through resource efficiency. In its Circular Economy Action Plan, the European Commission has formulated measures to stimulate the transition to a circular economy in the European Union, while expressing the need to introduce and improve tools and indicators to monitor progress in this area. The aim of the paper is to assess whether the circular economy in Slovakia and the European Union has progressed or regressed in the last decade. The theoretical part is based on the analysis of the literature, while the empirical part uses basic scientific methods to analyze current economic policy in the field of circular economy in Slovakia and the EU and analyze the development and current state of implementation of circular economy in Slovakia and the EU based on macro indicators proposed by the European Commission.
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Kubatko, V., and A. Pushkar. "SMART POWER NETWORKS FOR INCREASING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu 2021, no. 3 (2021): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2021.3-22.
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The article deals with the essence of the national economy competitiveness concept, as well as factors influencing its level, among which an important place is occupied by energy efficiency of the state. Theoretical aspects of the smart grids development are considered, the expediency of their implementation in the context of the national economy competitiveness level increasing is established. A study by reports from the European Commission and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe has shown that the introduction and deployment of smart grids is one of the priority thematic areas in the implementation of the Trans-European Energy Networks concept. Their use will help to integrate renewable energy sources, optimize the energy market and increase the level of self-regulation of energy use by consumers, as well as to implement the main directions of sustainable development, which today has become an urgent requirement around the world. The ability of smart grids to generate supply and demand information is analyzed, which is important for the integration of an increasing number of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind energy, while maintaining the stability and efficiency of the energy system. To ensure the effective operation of the network, it is necessary to form a vision and organize the further deployment of technology platforms, as well as to integrate intelligent network applications that will support this vision. The article also examines the functional characteristics of smart grids, the benefits of their use, as well as the main issues related to their use. It is established that the main shortcomings of the smart grids introduction are insufficient confidentiality of customers and the level of information security, as well as network instability and lack of flexibility. The functions of smart grids are grouped according to separate paragraphs, their significance for consumers, investors, environment and competitiveness of the national economy is analyzed. In particular, it is determined that they are more intelligent, decentralized and sustainable than modern networks, and their use will improve the economic efficiency, investment attractiveness and sustainable development.
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Temerbulatova, Zh S., A. Zhidebekkyzy, and M. Grabowska. "Assessment of the Effectiveness of the European Union Countries Transition to a Circular Economy: Data Envelopment Analysis." Economics: the strategy and practice 16, no. 3 (October 14, 2021): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51176/1997-9967-2021-3-142-151.
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In the current era of overconsumption, transition to circular economy is a relevant problem for every country in the world. The main idea behind this economic approach is to break the link between rising wealth and overexploitation of primary natural resources. The article assessed the current and future state of the circular economy’s development in 27 countries of the European Union. The assessment was carried out using Data Envelopment Analysis based on data for 2019 of selected input and output parameters described by the circular economy. Generation of municipal waste per capita, Water exploitation index, Final energy consumption and Social Progress Index were used as input parameters. Circular material use rate and municipal waste recycling rate were output parameters. All data was collected from official reliable sources such as Eurostat, and the Social Progress Imperative website. The study results showed that as of 2019, 40,74% of European countries have high efficiency in the advancement of circular economy, 40,74% - sufficient, 11,11% - medium and 7.41% - low efficiency. However, the analysis showed very good prospects for the future progress of the circular economy in these countries, since the overall efficiency results in the CCR model range from 0.899 to 1 for all countries in the European Union. With the implementation of the New Circular Economy Action Plan, which was adopted in 2020 by the European Commission, the EU countries have the opportunity to fully turn to the circular economy and ensure the healthy, sustainable development of countries.
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Temerbulatova, Zh S., A. Zhidebekkyzy, and M. Grabowska. "Assessment of the Effectiveness of the European Union Countries Transition to a Circular Economy: Data Envelopment Analysis." Economics: the strategy and practice 16, no. 3 (October 14, 2021): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51176/1997-9967-2021-3-142-151.
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In the current era of overconsumption, transition to circular economy is a relevant problem for every country in the world. The main idea behind this economic approach is to break the link between rising wealth and overexploitation of primary natural resources. The article assessed the current and future state of the circular economy’s development in 27 countries of the European Union. The assessment was carried out using Data Envelopment Analysis based on data for 2019 of selected input and output parameters described by the circular economy. Generation of municipal waste per capita, Water exploitation index, Final energy consumption and Social Progress Index were used as input parameters. Circular material use rate and municipal waste recycling rate were output parameters. All data was collected from official reliable sources such as Eurostat, and the Social Progress Imperative website. The study results showed that as of 2019, 40,74% of European countries have high efficiency in the advancement of circular economy, 40,74% - sufficient, 11,11% - medium and 7.41% - low efficiency. However, the analysis showed very good prospects for the future progress of the circular economy in these countries, since the overall efficiency results in the CCR model range from 0.899 to 1 for all countries in the European Union. With the implementation of the New Circular Economy Action Plan, which was adopted in 2020 by the European Commission, the EU countries have the opportunity to fully turn to the circular economy and ensure the healthy, sustainable development of countries.
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Rodino, Ruxandra Eugenia, and Steliana Rodino. "Waste management regulatory framework in the circular economy context." Romanian Journal of Ecology & Environmental Chemistry 5, no. 2 (December 10, 2023): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21698/rjeec.2023.211.
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One of the main challenges regarding the transition to a circular economy at the European level is waste management and achieving specific objectives. By 2025, the recycling and reuse rate of municipal waste should reach 55% and the total volume of recycled packaging 65%, according to European Directives (Waste Directive 05/07/2018). Statistical data and EEA reports are not encouraging: most European countries will not be able to reach these targets until 2025. The current work aims to analyze European legislation regarding waste management but also the national transposition measures communicated by the Member States. The reference statistical data regarding the efficiency of waste management, are also analyzed, at the member states level and at national level, to determine to what extent Romania has reached the targets set by the European Commission regarding waste management, depending on the specific time horizon set by the reference legislative policies.
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Pop, Ruxandra Eugenia, and Steliana Rodino. "Waste management regulatory framework in the circular economy context." Romanian Journal of Ecology & Environmental Chemistry 5, no. 2 (December 20, 2023): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21698/rjeec.2023.215.
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One of the main challenges regarding the transition to a circular economy at the European level is waste management and achieving specific objectives. By 2025, the recycling and reuse rate of municipal waste should reach 55% and the total volume of recycled packaging 65%, according to European Directives (Waste Directive 05/07/2018). Statistical data and EEA reports are not encouraging: most European countries will not be able to reach these targets until 2025. The current work aims to analyze European legislation regarding waste management but also the national transposition measures communicated by the Member States. The reference statistical data regarding the efficiency of waste management, are also analyzed, at the member states level and at national level, to determine to what extent Romania has reached the targets set by the European Commission regarding waste management, depending on the specific time horizon set by the reference legislative policies.
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D’Amico, Gaspare, Roberta Arbolino, Lei Shi, Tan Yigitcanlar, and Giuseppe Ioppolo. "Digital Technologies for Urban Metabolism Efficiency: Lessons from Urban Agenda Partnership on Circular Economy." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 6043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116043.
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Digital technologies engaged in urban metabolism for efficiency provide policymakers, urban managers, and planners with useful instruments to collect, monitor, analyze, and evaluate the circularity of environmental, social, and economic resources to improve their effectiveness and quality. At present, the digital technology-based approach is strategic for circular cities engaged in the development of smart and sustainable actions in the fields of mobility, energy, environment, waste, telecommunications, and security. Through the ‘Circular Resource Efficiency Management Framework’ developed by the European Commission, this paper generates insights into the digitalization practices of the circularity of urban metabolism by analyzing the initiatives implemented by the municipalities of Kaunas, Flanders region, Porto, Prato, The Hague, and Oslo, which constitute the Partnership on Circular Economy (PCE) of the Urban Agenda of the European Union. The results of the analysis provide a wide range of practices such as real-time monitoring stations for water and energy consumption, digital cameras for controlling vehicle flows, web platforms for sharing goods and services, and tracking sensors for public transport, which aim to optimize the efficiency of the circularity of urban metabolic flows. This study increases the understanding and awareness of digital technologies in this paradigm shift.
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Davies, Bleddyn. "Equity and Efficiency in Community Care: Supply and Financing in an Age of Fiscal Austerity." Ageing and Society 7, no. 2 (June 1987): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x0001254x.
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ABSTRACTFrom the confrontation of fiscal austerity and growing needs in the United Kingdom has come a new ideology: ‘efficiency-focused mana-gerialism’. Common arguments and the adaptation of structures to reflect them can be seen in all areas of policy, but nowhere more clearly than in the long-term social care of the elderly, the subject of this paper. Perhaps the strand of policy analysis which most influences and epitomises the new managerialism is the work of the Audit Commission for Local Authorities in England and Wales, whose arguments and proposals have gained great and widespread influence. The commission's ‘three Es’ – economy, efficiency and effectiveness – have become among the most fashionable slogans of our time.
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Clodniţchi, Roxana, and Octavia Tudorache. "Resource efficiency and decarbonisation of economies in the European Union." Management & Marketing. Challenges for the Knowledge Society 17, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mmcks-2022-0008.
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Abstract People have always been interested in improving their quality of life. But how is this possible when the population is constantly growing, and the planet’s resources are dwindling? The efficient use of resources is not only believed to increase the general quality of life but also to contribute to the creation of a cleaner environment. But what is the relation between resource efficiency and a cleaner environment? The European Commission and the United Nations have been dealing with this key issue for many years now and the EU has forced member countries to meet certain targets. This paper presents some of the UN and EU’s policies with regard to climate change and resource efficiency and offers an independent evaluation of the achievements of Member States. We assumed that the implementation of the objectives of the EU climate and energy package improves the resource productivity and reduces its negative impact on the environment, relation analysed with the help of a linear regression model. Further, we have performed a critical study on the performance of EU-member states in meeting their GHG-emission targets correlated with the resource intensity of their economies, modelled using Microsoft Excel. Resource efficiency and the low-carbon economy have emerged as central themes in global discussions on the transition to a sustainable economy, and this paper sheds new light onto the connection between the two subjects.
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Murray, Sean. "Energy efficiency in universities: the need for guidance and a strategic approach." Boolean: Snapshots of Doctoral Research at University College Cork, no. 2011 (January 1, 2011): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/boolean.2011.35.
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The leaders of many countries are discussing ambitious targets for reducing emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) as a means of mitigating the worst impact of climate change on the environment and our economies. In 2007, EU leaders endorsed an integrated approach to climate change and energy policy. They committed Europe to transforming itself into a highly energy-efficient low carbon economy through their 20-20-20 targets, according to the European Commission, Climate Action. These targets are ambitious and consist of: Figure 1, below, shows that the carbon dioxide equivalent of all greenhouse gases (CO2 eq.) from the energy sector is the second greatest contributor of greenhouse gases. This fact creates an opportunity to explored ways to reduce the emissions from the energy sector. However, the methods need to be target the most significant culprits in a cost-effective manner in order to the have maximum affect on the reduction of emissions from the ...
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Nanavov, A. S., and Paata Phutkaradze. "EU REGULATION OF CARTEL AGREEMENTS: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS." Actual Problems of International Relations, no. 149 (2021): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2021.149.1.52-58.
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Competition is a one of the most important and fundamental mechanisms of the economy, which is considered to be an essential factor for economic growth and prosperity. This article reviews the importance of competition law, which is one of the most crucial and essential part of law that has to be implemented properly to support and ensure smooth functioning of the economy in the state. This article points out the most important and significant steps taken by the European Commission towards the fight against cartel agreements in the past few years, for example, when the European Commission introduced and made recent developments by implementing specific laws, rules and programs during the last few years, which could be used as a tool to fight against cartel agreements, foster economy and support free and undistorted competition on the market. At the same time, this article discusses and clearly highlights that collaboration between the relevant bodies, as well as between the international organizations increases efficiency of competition level and fosters economic growth. The European Union has updated the relevant guidelines, and fruitful cooperation between the relevant Member States certainly facilitates the process of identifying anti-competition agreements in the marketplace. The article reviews implementation of effective Directives, legal acts or guidelines, such as Directive ECN+ empowering competition authorities to counter any anti-competitive practices, introduction of state aid modernization effective package that plays a crucial role in empowering the EU Member States to execute strategies for better economy, as well as other international developments against cartels to show that these developments are aimed at governing and protecting free and undistorted market competition. These instruments are very efficient and significant for competition and its further development.
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Pudzis, E., A. Adlers, I. Pukite, S. Geipele, and N. Zeltins. "Identification of Maritime Technology Development Mechanisms in the Context of Latvian Smart Specialisation and Blue Growth." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 55, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2018-0029.
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Abstract Recognising the fact that economic realities change the world faster than global politics, in 2010 the European Commission approved the strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, called EUROPE 2020, in order to promote greater economic independence and achieve a more sustainable future. The strategy puts forward three mutually reinforcing priorities: (P1) Smart Growth: developing an economy based on knowledge and innovation; (P2) Sustainable Growth: Promoting a more resource efficient, greener and more competitive economy; (P3) Inclusive Growth: Promoting a high-employment economy delivering social and territorial cohesion. In the context of EUROPE 2020, the Smart Specialisation Strategy in Latvia (RIS3) has been set up and introduced as a strategic document for the development of support mechanisms of high value-added economic growth, including the maritime technology sector. The present study explores the mechanisms for the introduction of Blue Growth and RIS3 Strategies, which should be used to develop the maritime technology industry by assessing the efficiency of these mechanisms. Thus, the study addresses the issues of the implementation of modern technologies in the coastal municipalities and planning regions of Latvia.
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Maricuț, Alin, Giani-Ionel Grădinaru, Erika Marin, and Valentina Vasile. "Efficiency of urban development: gaps in continental profile." Management & Marketing 18, s1 (December 1, 2023): 398–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mmcks-2023-0021.
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Abstract International authorities such as the European Commission and the United Nations pay special attention to sustainable urban development, for this purpose, strategies such as the European Green Deal or the Sustainable Development Strategy 2030 agenda, SDG 11 Sustainable cities and communities are developed. Urban development represents a fundamental direction in the transition process towards the green economy, a sustainable economic model. The paper aims to identify the degree of efficiency of economic development in the context of sustainable development for 41 cities in Romania, Germany, Japan, United States of America and Australia. To achieve this objective, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method is used, with the aim of identifying the gaps regarding the sustainability of the analyzed cities. Data Envelopment Analysis allows the evaluation of the efficiency of urban settlements in the sample based on representative variables, selected as input. So, the research is ready to give answer to question like “What are the efficient cities in terms of sustainability?” and “What are the relationships between the cities included in the sample?”. The main results showed that there are cities that have a model of sustainable economic development, but certain cities present significant gaps from the point of view of efficient sustainable economic development. In addition, port cities seem to develop an association relationship, with inefficient port cities being associated with efficient port cities.
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Šapalaitė, Toma, and Ilona Kiaušienė. "Assessment of Financial Condition in Companies Applying Circular Economy Principles." Vilnius University Proceedings 37 (October 27, 2023): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/vgisc.2023.15.
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Extraction and use of raw materials have a significant impact on the environment by increasing energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Because of it, every year humans generate 2.5 billion tons of waste. In recent years, EU has been working on laws on waste management. In March 2020, the European Commission presented the circular economy plan, which involves more eco-friendly production and waste recycling. Special attention is paid towards sectors that require a lot of raw materials usage, e.g electronics, plastic, textile and construction. Being a great solution, the application of the circular economy principle still raises an essential question whether and how much it is effective. In order to achieve the set goals it’s necessary to constantly monitor the processes, therefore the evaluation of the efficiency of the circular economy and its impact on the company’s financial indicators is still a problem. The aim of this research is to develop a model for assessing the financial condition of companies applying circular economy principles. These are the main objectives that have been set: 1) describe the concept, theory and principles of circular economy after analysing the scientific literature; 2) summarise empirical studies after analysing the circular economy principles and the assessment of the financial conditions of companies. It was found that in order to evaluate how the implementation of the circular economy principles changes the financial condition of companies, different authors use different methods. It is emphasised that the financial condition of companies applying circular economy principles can be assessed using a composite indicator.
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Singh, Sanjay Kumar, Mukesh Kumar Jain, and Shoeba. "Information Spillover in Indian Agricultural Commodities Market." Asia-Pacific Journal of Management Research and Innovation 16, no. 3 (September 2020): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2319510x21994048.
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Role of agricultural sector in Indian economy is prominent, as being an agrarian economy and having the second highest population in the world. Thus, the efficiency of this sector is the foremost factor for development and growth of the economy. This article attempts to examine the price discovery relationship of future and spot prices of five agricultural commodities, namely cardamom, crude palm oil, cotton, mentha oil and kapas, during the period 2011–2019. Johansen’s co-integration test, vector error correction model (VECM) and Granger causality block exogeneity test were employed for the study. We found that price discovery process is established for agricultural commodities under consideration. Future prices act as a leader in achieving long-run equilibrium for all commodities except cardamom. Causality was significantly reported for all commodities, as bidirectional causality runs between the prices. The study suggests that Forward Market Commission should be empowered more to control and regulate the market, which will ensure the efficient market situations in these commodities’ market. Attempt was made to evaluate price discovery process in agricultural commodities market during post sub-prime crisis period, which was ignored by majority of researchers.
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D. A., Adedeji, and Adeoye A. "The Persistence of Equity Mutual Fund Performance: Further Evidence from an Emerging Economy." African Journal of Accounting and Financial Research 7, no. 2 (July 2, 2024): 246–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajafr-qwwnfphd.
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This study evaluates the persistence of performance of actively managed, equity-based mutual funds in Nigeria using monthly net asset values (NAVs) of 30 funds obtained from the Securities and Exchange Commission over 10 years from 2012 to 2021. We employed a non-parametric technique based on the Contingency Table to test for performance persistence, using the Cross-Product Ratio (CPR) and the Rank Correlation statistics. Evidence shows that mutual funds do not exhibit performance persistence, and the performance of loser funds does not repeat, hence past performance does not predict future performance. Therefore, we recommend that retail investors (and their advisers) should not rely on historical performance to select mutual funds as an investment vehicle. This study provides valuable insight into the performance of actively managed funds in Nigeria and contributes to the ongoing debate about the efficiency of the financial markets and the role of active fund management. It suggests that investors might be better off with passive investment management strategies, given the lack of persistence in the performance of actively managed funds.
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Pelsa, Inese, and Signe Balina. "Main Priorities for a Green Deal Towards a Climate - Neutral Europe." European Integration Studies 1, no. 16 (September 6, 2022): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eis.1.16.31331.
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In 2019, the European Commission (EC) issued a communication on the European Green Deal (EGD), which marked a major transformation of the national economy to ensure a Europe neutral in 2050. One of the biggest challenges today is climate change, which is leading to environmental problems. To reduce these threats and risks to the world and humanity, the UN adopted 2015 the Paris Agreement, the United Nations (UN) Framework Convention on Climate Change, which sets out actions to reduce the effects of climate change. In 2019, the EC issued a statement stating that the European Union (EU) would be the first climate-neutral part of the world in 2050. To achieve this goal, activities, and goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 55% by 2030 are set within the framework of the EGD. Transformation processes will be a comprehensive change in all sectors of the tangible economy, making the EU’s economy competitive, and innovative, promoting resource efficiency, moving to a clean, circular economy and halting climate change, preventing biodiversity loss, and reducing pollution. The article analyzes the goals and significance of the EGD toward a climate-neutral Europe. The aim of the article is to analyze the planned activities of the EGD, to evaluate the involvement of the state and society in achieving these goals. Keywords: green deal, climate-neutral Europe, priorities
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Rodríguez-Martín, Jesús, Oihana López-Errasti, and Patxi Ruiz-de Arbulo López. "Analysis of the impact of eco-design on the circular economy: a bibliometric analysis of publications in Spain." DYNA 89, no. 224 (December 12, 2022): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v89n224.102669.
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“Circular economy” and “eco-design” are concepts that people not only understand but also demand. The scarcity of resources and their fluctuating cost forces us to transform linear production systems into circular ones, which implies the entire life cycle of the product. This study arises from this fact, to analyze the impact of eco-design on the circular economy. We developed a bibliometric analysis in the research community of Spain, analyzing the frequencies, typology, and evolution of knowledge. We define a conceptual framework of the two concepts, to reaffirm our results after applying the analysis in a very deep way. We carefully reviewed 86 articles that adhered to the defined variables. Both quantitative and co-occurrence analyses have been performed. This makes it possible to differentiate three clear fields of knowledge – the cradle-to-grave approach, energy efficiency and emission reduction, and the circular economy and eco-design group. The results are quite clear in the Spanish sphere, and it can be stated that there has been instability until 2016, that is, until the action of the European Commission. There are collaboration networks with other countries. The co-occurrence analysis indicates that, until 2016, these terms have given way to those of “circular economy” and “climate change,” without neglecting “eco-design,” as a tool for action, that, although it was published before, it is shown that they are complementary.
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Kasztelan, Armand. "On the Road to a Green Economy: How Do European Union Countries ‘Do Their Homework’?" Energies 14, no. 18 (September 18, 2021): 5941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185941.
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Multidimensional crisis phenomena (financial–economic, environmental and social), plaguing the international community, especially in the last 30 years, have intensified resentment towards traditional models of growth and socio-economic development. The European Commission has placed the idea of a green economy (GE) at the heart of the Europe 2020 strategy. This paper presents an assessment of the implementation of the green economy assumptions in EU countries in 2018, taking 2010 as the base year. Using taxonomic methods, a synthetic evaluation index (GEI—Green Economy Index) was constructed based on a multi-criterion set of 27 indicators. This paper attempts to answer the following questions: How green are the European economies? What are the main challenges in this context? The average value of the index for the EU countries decreased in the studied years from 0.3423 to 0.3294, which can be interpreted as a slowdown in the greening processes. The key recommendations for the upcoming years include the improvement of energy efficiency indicators, the further increase in the share of renewable energy sources in the energy balance. Moreover, a significant problem continues to be the high percentage of the population at risk of poverty or social exclusion, as well as low CO2 and resource productivity rates.
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Ma, Jun-Chao, Zhi-Qiang Jiang, Yin-Jie Ma, and Yue-Hua Dai. "Community Structure and Resilience of the City Logistics Networks in China." Mathematics 11, no. 20 (October 19, 2023): 4352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11204352.
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Logistics security, as the lifeline of the economy connecting production, distribution, and consumption, holds a pivotal position in the modern economic system, where any potential threats like natural disasters or cyber attacks could have far-reaching impacts on the overall economy. With a unique large-scale logistics data set, logistics networks between cities in China are constructed. We thus identify communities of cities that have dense logistics connections in these networks. The cities in the communities are found to exhibit strong connections in the economy, resources, and industry. The detected communities are also aligned with the urban agglomerations mentioned in the guidelines reported by the National Development and Reform Commission of China. We further extend our analysis to assess the resilience of the city logistics networks, especially focusing on the influence of community structures. Random and intentional attacks are considered in our resilience analysis. Our results reveal that the city logistics networks are robust to the random attacks and are vulnerable to the intentional attacks on the nodes with dense links between and within communities. Our results not only deepen our understanding of the community structure and resilience of the city logistics networks but also provide insights on how to improve the efficiency and safety of intercity logistics.
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ASHAMU, Sikiru Oyerinde. "STOCK MARKET EARNINGS AND ITS IMPACT ON NIGERIAN ECONOMY." LASU Journal of Employment Relations & Human Resource Management 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/ljerhrm/8102.01.0191.
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The stock market provides equity and a direct finance to potential investors for purposes of economic growth and development it enhances the efficiency of capital formation and allocation of resources and provides long-term capital for economy. The main objective of the study is to provide empirical evidence of the effect of stock market earnings on Nigeria’s economic growth. Hypotheses were set and model designed to fit the variables on equation line. Data were sourced from secondary sources mainly from Nigeria Stock Exchange Fact Book, Security and Exchange Commission Fact Book, National Bureau of Statistics and Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin (various editions). The data was collected in annual time-series from 1991 to 2016. It was manipulated using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) Method and Phillip-Perron Unit Root Test using E.View 9.0..From the regression results, it was discovered that Market Capitalization has a positive and significant effect on gross domestic product which is the proxy for economic growth with the probability value of less than 10 percent under 0.05 significant level. It then mean that Nigeria Stock Market activities (as represented by Market capitalization-MC, Price Earnings Ratio-PER and Dividend Yield-DY) has positive influence on economic growth (GDP).Therefore in view of the findings, it is recommended that there should be improvement in the dealing market capitalization by encouraging more foreign investors to participate in the market, maintain and improve it state of technology like automated trading and settlement practices, electronic fund clearance and eliminate physical transfer of shares.
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Ćućić, Branimir, Nina Meško, Martina Mikulić, and Dominik Trstoglavec. "Design improvements in modern distribution transformers." Journal of Energy - Energija 63, no. 1-4 (July 2, 2022): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37798/2014631-4165.
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In the paper design improvements of distribution transformers related to improved energy efficiency and environmental awareness are discussed. Eco design of transformers, amorphous transformers, voltage regulated transformers and transformers filled with ester liquids are analyzed. As a consequence of growing energy efficiency importance, European Commission has adopted new regulation which defines maximum permissible levels of load and no-load losses of transformers with rated power ≤ 3150 kVA, and minimum peak efficiency index for transformers with rated power > 3150 kVA up to 40 MVA. The impact of new regulation on the design and economy of transformer is presented. Amorphous transformers, with up to 70 % lower no-load losses in comparison to the conventional transformers, could be an alternative with respect to energy efficiency. Although their initial price is higher than the price of conventional transformers, some studies show that they might have economic advantages. The increasing penetration of distributed energy sources can cause an increase in voltage variations in low voltage networks. To keep the voltage within limits defined by EN50160, voltage regulated distribution transformers could be used. Although mineral oil has been used as a dielectric fluid in transformers for many years, there are some environmentally friendlier alternatives – natural and synthetic ester-based fluids.
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OYEDOKUN, Godwin Emmanuel, Russell O.C, Somoye Somoye, and Richard O. AKINGUNOLA. "PENSION INVESTMENT AND FINANCIAL EFFICIENCY IN NIGERIA." STUDIES IN ECONOMICS AND INTERNATIONAL FINANCE 2, no. 1 (2022): 89–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.47509/seif.2022.v02i01.06.
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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of pension investment on financial efficiency in Nigeria. The study adopted an expost facto research design. The population of the study is 14 years of Nigeria’s economy from the year 2007-2020. Timeseries data were sourced for this study which are entirely secondary data from the Pension Commission and the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin, and the World development indicator (WDI) of the World Bank Database. Autoregressive Distributed Delay Limitation (ARDL) bounds testing approach was adopted to examine the long and shortterm relationships between the series, using Eviews version 12. The longrun results show that there is evidence that pension investment in equities and mutual funds have a positive relationship with financial efficiency. This implies that increases in pension investment in equities and mutual funds will lead to an increase in financial efficiency in Nigeria. Conversely, there is evidence that pension investments in FGN securities and local money market securities have a negative relation with financial efficiency, thus increases in pension investments in FGN securities and local money market securities will lead to a fall in financial efficiency. However, the result of the shortrun model shows that pension investments in equities and local money market securities have a positive relationship with financial efficiency, while pension investment in FGN securities and mutual funds have a negative relationship with financial efficiency. The study suggested that financial sector efficiency can only be achieved through pension investment if the investments enable economic resources to be allocated to their best use across time and space without imposing unnecessary cost or rents on households and businesses.
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Posulikhina, N. S., and A. B. Kozyreva. "Alternative Methods of Dispute Resolution as a Measure to Reduce the Workload on Courts: A Comparative Legal Study (Part 1)." Lex Russica, no. 8 (August 27, 2021): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2021.177.8.142-149.
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The paper considers alternative methods of dispute resolution as a measure to reduce the workload on the courts. At present, the need to reduce the workload on courts is quite acute in Russia. According to the members of the European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ), a large workload on courts (and, accordingly, on judges) seriously affects the quality of justice and the timing of the consideration of cases. It should be noted that all judicial systems of the world without exception face this problem, but the statistics of the European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ) shows that over the past few years the burden on courts and judges has significantly decreased in the EU countries. The authors summarize that foreign judicial practice has successfully tested working tools to reduce the burden on courts, which the Russian judicial system may well borrow. However, these tools require gradual development and elaboration given all Russian legal realities. A sharp transition to alternative dispute resolution may negatively affect the quality of dispute resolution in Russia. If the legislator restricts the ability of citizens to consider disputes in courts (for example, by increasing court fees), but at the same time alternative dispute resolution methods will remain at a low level of legal and social development (citizens’ distrust, weak legislative elaboration, etc.), then citizens will completely lose the platform for legal dispute resolution. It is quite possible that we will return to the criminal experience of the economy of the 1990s.
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Posulikhina, N. S., and A. B. Kozyreva. "Alternative Methods of Dispute Resolution as a Measure to Reduce the Workload on Courts: A Comparative Legal Study (Part 2)." Lex Russica, no. 9 (October 2, 2021): 144–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2021.178.9.144-155.
Full textAbstract:
The paper considers alternative methods of dispute resolution as a measure to reduce the workload on the courts. At present, the need to reduce the workload on courts is quite acute in Russia. According to the members of the European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ), a large workload on courts (and, accordingly, on judges) seriously affects the quality of justice and the timing of the consideration of cases. It should be noted that all judicial systems of the world without exception face this problem, but the statistics of the European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (CEPEJ) shows that over the past few years the burden on courts and judges has significantly decreased in the EU countries.The authors summarize that foreign judicial practice has successfully tested working tools to reduce the burden on courts, which the Russian judicial system may well borrow. However, these tools require gradual development and elaboration given all Russian legal realities. A sharp transition to alternative dispute resolution may negatively affect the quality of dispute resolution in Russia. If the legislator restricts the ability of citizens to consider disputes in courts (for example, by increasing court fees), but at the same time alternative dispute resolution methods will remain at a low level of legal and social development (citizens’ distrust, weak legislative elaboration, etc.), then citizens will completely lose the platform for legal dispute resolution. It is quite possible that we will return to the criminal experience of the economy of the 1990s.
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Chuprov, Sergey. "Nonlinear Evolution and Stable Growth of Regional Industry (for Five-Year Planning of Economic Development of the Irkutsk Region)." Bulletin of Baikal State University 30, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-2759.2020.30(4).507-515.
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Involvement of representations of nonlinear dynamics in the analysis of the functioning of industrial enterprises in a non-stationary environment provides a key to understanding the phenomena they experience — nontrivial cardinal perestroikas. Phases of slow and fast changes, periods of leaps and bounds in the complex evolution of enterprise activity reveal its inherent nonlinearity and find expression in the features of stable and unstable enterprise behavior. From these conceptual positions, the article offers a cursory analysis and interpretation of trends in the functioning of the industry of the Irkutsk region in 2015–2019 with an emphasis on the stable growth of indicators of the regional economy, in particular, gross regional product, regional budget revenues and fixed investment. The damping effect on sharp fluctuations in the macroenvironment and imparting pace of development to the regional industry was achieved thanks to a constructive public-private partnership, which served as the motive for the development and successful implementation of the State Plan for Social and Economic Development of the Irkutsk Region for 2019–2023 (State Planning Commission). A number of priority directions of the State Planning Commission and industrial points of growth in the Irkutsk region and the phenomenon of the evolution of enterprises with a mixture of stable states of various levels of efficiency are stated.
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Hoda, Natasha, Juliana Imeraj, and Hysen Hoda. "Public Debt and Impact on the Economy: The Case of Albania." Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development 10, no. 3 (November 23, 2023): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv10n316.
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The purpose of this article is to highlight the effect of public debt on the economy, and whether high budget deficits constitute a real threat to the economy. In general, governments refer to debt in order to cover the budget deficit or to realize the promised objectives and programs. It is not right to say that this or that government performed well or bad, just by referring to the debt figures, but must seeing it in relation to GDP growth, so the continuous increase in debt from one year to year is not a problem if the rates of GDP growth are much higher than the growth rates of the public budget. The government should pay attention of maintaining the balance between the sustainable growth of consumption maximization with the positive public debt, under these conditions we cannot say that today's debt is tomorrow's tax as debt and GDP can grow simultaneously. The methodology of this study consists in using the secondary data method, referring to different authors, statistics of state institutions and as well as non-state organizations. The government has impact on the dynamics of the economy in addition to others through its budget deficit and debt policies. Albania has a public debt of about 80% of GDP (acording to the latest report of the European Commission), while the economy is growing at a low rate, the government must take action to reduce the percentage of public debt to GDP, and to do that government should tray to stabilized GDP growth than intendet to reduce the debt. This is mainly achieved by stimulating the priority sectors of the economy, as well as by increasing the percentage of the expenditure on innovation and encouraging new enterprises, giving importance to the startups as well. The stability of the fiscal system makes it possible among other things to achieve the debt objectives on the other hand the correct use of the debt leads to the efficiency of Public Finances as well as in the efficiency of the country's economy.
Received: 12 October 2023 / Accepted: 14 November 2023 / Published: 23 November 2023
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Muscio, Alessandro, and Roberta Sisto. "Are Agri-Food Systems Really Switching to a Circular Economy Model? Implications for European Research and Innovation Policy." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 10, 2020): 5554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145554.
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The shift from a linear model to a circular model can significantly reduce the negative pressures on the environment and contribute to restoring biodiversity and natural capital in Europe. In this view, research and innovation (R&I) play a relevant role in setting the modalities of this transition. Therefore, the European Commission (EC) recently promoted dedicated research activity instruments in this vital area of the economy and in society as a whole. This paper aims to shed light on current public efforts on R&I supporting the transition to the CE (circular economy) model, opening a critical debate on the actual relevance of the CE in current R&I policy with its major research policy schemes in the recent programming periods of 2007–2013 and 2014–2020. Looking at the most significant EC programs sponsoring R&I, it seems that the will to increase the sustainability of the agri-food system and to foster the socio-technical transition towards circularity is evident but not very relevant. The data presented leaves some open questions concerning the effective commitment of European countries to promoting resource efficiency via R&I.
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Haber, Ilan. "When Lawyers Start Thinking Like Economists: The SEC in Response to Technological Change." Policy Perspectives 7, no. 1 (December 1, 1999): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4079/pp.v7i1.4212.
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Since its founding, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has employed a disclosure-enforcement framework, combined with a cooperative relationship with the securities industry, as the key means of ensuring market legitimacy and investor confidence. This article argues that not only is this framework deeply rooted within the SEC, but is equally ingrained in the public psyche. It is the deep belief of the public in this "prosecutorial orientation” that has sustained the SEC's disclosure-enforcement framework in the face of charges of obsolescence, inefficiency and agency capture. But as the SEC is increasingly called upon to concern itself with questions of efficiency and capital formation in the global economy, the stage may be set for a shift away from the disclosure-enforcement orientation and towards a more active, "promotional role" in the economy. In addition to external market forces, however, any qualitative shift in the SEC's regulatory mission will be affected only if there is a comparable shift in the public philosophy regarding the SEC's regulatory intent and a change in the internal orientation of the SEC. The author contends that seeds of these changes have long since been sowed.
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Шкаберин, Виталий, Vitaliy Shkaberin, Максим Потапов, Maksim Potapov, Ирина Максимяк, and Irina Maksimyak. "STRUCTURAL APPROACH USE FOR CARRYING OUT RE-ENGINEERING OF ADMISSION CAMPAIGN BUSINESS-PROCESS OF BRYANSK STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2018, no. 7 (October 4, 2018): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/article_5ba8a18d5618d4.66357018.
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Under the current conditions of market economy a higher education institution must increase considerably the efficiency of its educational activities control to improve its competitive ability. At present one of the most promising methods for educational process control reorganization is a business-process re-engineering. It is necessary to carry out a profound analysis of technologies for educational activities control and determine certain business-processes which require re-engineering. In the Bryansk State Technical University there is carried out a re-engineering of basic business processes of the admission campaign: a school leaver invitation, documentation reception, entrance examina-tions carrying out and their analysis, an enrollment for training.
To solve this problem there was used IDEF0 methodology and developed a functional model mani-festing a structure and functions of an information sys-tem, and also information flows connecting these func-tions. A decomposition of a complex system into more simple automated processes and sub-processes in order that each of them could be designed independently is carried out. The work fulfilled allowed realizing the re-engineering and automation of the admission campaign business-processes of the Bryansk State Technical University and ordering qualitatively the activities of the entrance commission that decreased labor expendi-tures at all stages of the admission campaign increased the effectiveness of the entrance commission activities and allowed making qualitative decisions affecting institution functioning on the whole.
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Li, Ke, Gengxin Dai, Yanfei Xia, Zongyu Mu, Guitao Zhang, and Yangyan Shi. "Green Technology Investment with Data-Driven Marketing and Government Subsidy in a Platform Supply Chain." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (March 28, 2022): 3992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14073992.
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Expanding green consumption market and precise data promotion advantages make the platform economy have a significant effect on influencing manufacturers to carry out green R&D and production activities, and government subsidies have a positive incentive effect. In this context, for the studies about platform supply chain management with manufacturer’s green production and the platform’s marketing activities simultaneously are rare, we consider that a manufacturer invests in green technologies to produce products and sell them through a smart platform supply chain by an agency selling or reselling strategy, in which the platform provides data-driven marketing technology to promote green products. Four game models are constructed to study the operational efficiency of the platform supply chain considering selling strategy difference and government subsidy. The results show that: (1) The manufacturer’s green technology and the platform’s data-driven marketing levels, as well as all member’s profits are all influenced by the potential market demand of green products, the sensitivities of consumers to green product attributes, and data analysis technology. (2) The service commission rate charged by the platform plays a main role on the manufacturer’s selling strategy choice, when the service commission rate is low, the manufacturer chooses an agency selling strategy and can obtain more profit, but now the green technology level is not necessarily better than that in the reselling system. With the service commission rate increases, a manufacturer that chooses the reselling strategy can obtain more profit, and the green technology level is better than in the agency selling system. (3) Government subsidy can effectively encourage the manufacturer to improve the green technology level, and now the platform will improve the data-driven marketing level. There is a threshold range of the service commission rate charged by the platform in which the government can guide the manufacturer and the platform to reach an equilibrium selling strategy by regulating the subsidy level.
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Watson, Graeme. "AWARD RESTRUCTURING IN THE HYDROCARBONS INDUSTRY — PROGRESS AND PROSPECTS." APPEA Journal 31, no. 1 (1991): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj90043.
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Award restructuring is the most significant development in industrial relations reform in recent times. The process evolved from the Australian Industrial Relations Commission's concern for the economy and recognition of the need for micro-economic reform. It encourages a fundamental review of work practices, award structures, union coverage and the organisation of the workforce with a particular focus on the enterprise. Award restructuring has particular relevance to the upstream hydrocarbons industry in which stability, labour flexibility, efficiency, skill development and multi-skilling are of critical importance.It is acknowledged that the potential for change in the hydrocarbons industry is not as great as in most other industries. Award regulation in the industry is relatively new; it has been established with close regard to the needs of the industry and it has evolved to enable a greater enterprise focus prior to the adoption of award restructuring by the Australian Industrial Relations Commission (AIRC). Nevertheless, there are a number of changes which can give rise to greater efficiency and productivity and these need to be developed. It may be that an innovative approach is required in view of the unique circumstances of the industry.
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Sidorov, A. A. "TRANSATLANTIC INTEGRATION AND DEVELOPED COUNTRIES COMPETITIVENESS PROBLEMS." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 3(48) (June 28, 2016): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2016-3-48-249-257.
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Factors and possible consequences of transatlantic integration are elaborated in the article. An overview of the history of transatlantic cooperation is provided. The author highlights the paramount goal of Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) - strengthening the positions of its parties in the world economy against the backdrop of global competition. Stalemate in Doha round of WTO trade negotiations as well as depressed state of the European economy also contributed to transatlantic integration. Validity of the EU Commission conclusion on TTIP benefits is examined. Results of TTIP econometric modelling are critically assessed. Problems of the EU-US non-tariff liberalization are analyzed. Efficiency of the EU and US labor markets is compared. Low competitiveness of the EU in comparison to the USA and underlying risks for TTIP economic growth and employment are outlined. High unemployment, difficulties of manufacturing (including high-tech industries thereof) recovery, adverse general business situation in the EU are among such risks. Various modes of regulatory cooperation and possibility of their adoption in TTIP are considered. Harmonization, erga omnes mutual recognition of regulations, bilateral mutual recognition of regulations, mutual recognition of conformity testing are distinguished. Possible implications of the modes of regulatory cooperation on TTIP members competitiveness, competition with emerging economies and global standard setting are examined. Conflict of TTIP goals and motivations is revealed. The existence of economic factors of transatlantic integration as well as overestimation of TTIP benefits (primarily for the EU economy) is concluded.
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Zaman, Gheorghe, Giani Ionel Grădinaru, and Bogdan Florin Matei. "Looking ahead - from fossil fuel to a circular bioeconomy in Europe. Evolution and behaviour." Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Statistics 2, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/icas-2021-0026.
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Abstract Giving due consideration to sustainability, the new concept of bioeconomy has faced strong support from international policymakers, changing the way the economy is currently working. And it does not involve only the replacement of fossil feedstock with bio-based fuels, but also acquiring value from waste and bringing to light the resource efficiency that can lead to a smooth transition from a linear to a circular economy. This paper aims to track the EU states movement in implementing the bioeconomy best practices by building clusters based on their progress in adapting their industries to the new requirements. To make this possible, we created two scenarios for recording the evolution of the energy industry in 27 countries: the first one that groups them according to the fossil-fuel sources, and the second one based on renewable resources. Our results revealed that the biomass tends to be used as a complementary source and not a substitute, in comparison to the traditional fuels. Same actors keep the leading positions in both scenarios, making us believe that they may face strong challenges in reaching the European Commission goals. Thus, the present study emphasizes the need to develop highly efficient policies for all EU members to keep the same path.
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Kistersky, Leonid, and Sergii Ierokhin. "EUROPEAN INTEGRATION OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE REFORM OF UKRAINE." Actual Problems of Economics 1, no. 266 (August 2023): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32752/1993-6788-2023-1-266-107-113.
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The article is devoted to highlighting the European integration possibilities of reforming Ukraine. The important role of the modernization of social policy for accelerating the economic growth of Ukraine in the conditions of the formation of the information society and the knowledge economy is emphasized. The objective of the paper is to highlight the European integration possibilities of reforming Ukraine in terms of modernization of educational processes at the university level in order to train qualified specialists to accelerate the integration of Ukraine into the EU. In the conditions of the growing uncertainty caused by the transition from an industrial-market to an information-network economy, the problems of increasing the efficiency of state regulation of the sphere of higher education, high-quality training of specialists to ensure the fastest possible integration of Ukraine into the European Union are becoming especially urgent, especially taking into account that in February 2023, the European Commission assessed the level of Ukraine's preparation for joining the EU in the field of social policy and employment as initial: one point out of five possible – the European Commission assesses progress in this section as the lowest. Under Ukraine’s aspirations to join the EU as soon as possible, it is necessary to point out that the formation of social policy, as well as its implementation is carried out at the level of member states, while a high level of education occupies a prominent place in the social policies of all member states. The necessity of increasing the effectiveness of state regulation of the sphere of higher education in the conditions of European integration is substantiated. The role of axiological factors in the socio-economic development of the national economy is revealed. The state of education and science in Ukraine is highlighted, systemic problems of the development of education and science and the ways to overcome them are discussed. Special emphasis is placed on the urgent need to modernize educational processes at the university level in order to train qualified specialists to speed up Ukraine's integration into the European Union. Keywords: eurointegration, social policy, state regulation, axiological factors of socioeconomi
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Gbadebo, Adedeji Daniel. "RELATIVE EFFICACY OF THE CAPITAL MARKET OVER THE MONEY MARKET IN A GROWTH-FINANCING ECONOMY." Gusau Journal of Accounting and Finance 4, no. 2 (October 23, 2023): 110–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.57233/gujaf.v4i2.7.
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This study investigates if the Nigerian capital market is more effective in impacting economic growth compared with the money market. The paper uses a growth model that depend on usual labour and capital, as well as incorporates the money and capital market variables to produce outputs. The study uses data from the Central Bank of Nigerian and Securities and Exchange Commission Bulletins between from 1981 and 2020. The paper finds the existence of a long-run link amidst the money market, capital market and growth. In the short- and long run, the capital market (new issue) shows positive and significant effects on growth, whilst the money market indicator (treasury bills) has a negative and significant effects. The growth elasticity with respect to the new issue of 0.27% is highly significant at 1%. The growth elasticity with respect to the traded shares of 0.06% is significant at 5%. The growth elasticity with respect to treasury bill of 0.08% is only significant at 10%. The positive impact of the capital market was found to outweigh that of money market. This supports the efficiency of capital market over the money market for growth financing. The paper recommends that the government should ensure it extends the on-going market reforms to increase the sophistication of the financial market and make it more globally competitive.
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N, Venkatesa Palanichamy, Kalpana M, Sathya K N, and Aruna Prabha S. "Betel Vine Marketing in Tamil Nadu, India: Price Spread Analysis." Asian Journal of Current Research 9, no. 2 (May 3, 2024): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/ajocr/2024/v9i28677.
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Tamil Nadu is one the leading betel leaf cultivating states in the country. Besides, it faces significant challenges in producing betel vines due to risk of pests and diseases. These risks have a negative impact on the farm economy. Disease outbreaks can be incredibly concerning and have an impact on a company's profitability. The higher labour costs, pest and disease and natural calamities have made it difficult for farmers to produce their crops. Therefore, it was essential to study the marketing cost, price spread and marketing efficiency of betel vine in Tamil Nadu. The use of a well-structured interview schedule allowed for the collection of information from farmers regarding the cost and return of producing betel vines. From the local marketplaces in Thanjavur District, village traders, commission agents, wholesalers and retailers were chosen. Price spread and marketing efficiency were used to know about the marketing cost and the price received by the farmer. The efficient marketing channel was channel III (Producer → Retailer → Consumer) because it has the lowest price spread of 18.9 per cent which be due to a smaller number of intermediaries. The marketing efficiency in channel III (16.1) was higher than in channel I (10.6) and channel II (6.3) respectively. Thus, marketing of betel leaf in channel III was more efficient for farmers.
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Ermolina, Marina, Anna Matveevskaya, and Sergey Pogodin. "Efficiency of the UN action in the area of transport, environmental protection, health." MATEC Web of Conferences 239 (2018): 04016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823904016.
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The paper examines the performance of the UN Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) in the field of transport, environment and health. In the course of the study, the tasks of reviewing and summarizing the main arguments of supporters and critics of UN activities in this field and forecasting the development of its potential in the future, the institutional features of the reforms to achieve sustainable development, as well as the most important problems of the green economy are performed. The authors emphasize that in the recent 25 years environment protection has become a priority for the UN activity. Additionally, international conferences on environmental issues and sustainable development have been an important tool to define global priorities, to raise awareness about these issues and to draw attention to essential problems that can be neglected. According to the authors of this study, no matter how inspiring the tendency of the growth of the number of specialized agencies involved in solving problems of transport, environment and health, these efforts are clearly not enough. The paper substantiates the conclusion that today the UN is the only global organization with the required resources to be able to positively influence the sphere of environmental protection. At the same time, comprehensive institutional mechanisms to improve the transport system, environmental protection and the coordination of health strategy are needed within the framework of the activities of the specialized UN agencies.
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E, Ewa Uket. "Stakeholders Perception of Public Sector Performance Audit." Journal of Accounting, Business and Finance Research 14, no. 2 (April 29, 2022): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.55217/102.v14i2.517.
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This study focused on evaluating public sector audit quality on public expenditure management in Nigeria. Qualitative and quantitative research was applied and data analysed using SPSS and NVivo 10. The F-statistics of 37.611, 27.644 and 27.218 explains the variations as adequate and significant at p <0.000. The R ratios of 0.621, 0.562 and 0.559 indicate significant influence of the audit quality on agencies’ expenditure management. The R-Square values of 0.385, 0.315 and 0.312 public expenditure management is influenced by audit quality. The study found significant relationship between audit qualities, agencies expenditure management, external influences on auditors that impair their independence and highlighted the absence of Audit Commission thus recommended the amendment of the Audit Act to promote yearly mandatory rendition of performance audit that addresses economy, efficiency and effectiveness (3Es) and standardized performance audit guidelines for presenting the audit reports that should be made available curtail non-audit service contracts from Agencies.
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Kamali Saraji, Mahyar, Dalia Streimikiene, and Grigorios L. Kyriakopoulos. "Fermatean Fuzzy CRITIC-COPRAS Method for Evaluating the Challenges to Industry 4.0 Adoption for a Sustainable Digital Transformation." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (August 25, 2021): 9577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179577.
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Decision and policymakers are looking at the potential of Industry 4.0 smart technologies to create a green economy as the European Commission aims to deliver the European Green Deal by rethinking policies for clean energy supply. Industry 4.0 will eventually be applied to all aspects of life; however, it is necessary to identify the challenges to the adoption of Industry 4.0 for a sustainable digital transformation. In this vein, the present study aims to identify the challenges to the adoption of Industry 4.0 in fintech companies and to develop a novel Fermatean fuzzy CRITIC-COPRAS method to rank the identified challenges and evaluate the performance of companies concerning the weighted challenges based on three decision experts’ support. The results indicated that “difficulty in coordination and collaboration” is the most significant challenge to the adoption of Industry 4.0 out of the fourteen identified challenges, followed by “resistance to change” and “governmental support.” In addition, the superiority and efficiency of the proposed method were investigated through comparative analyses.
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Vujovic, Dusan. "Dragoslav Drag Avramovic: Probing the limits of development and stabilization policy." Panoeconomicus 69, no. 2 (2022): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan2202299v.
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Dragoslav Avramovic was one of most accomplished economists in the area of applied development policy. He came from a small country with limited exposure to western economics, and made a stellar career at the World Bank and the Brandt Commission. His main achievements include: (i) A novel approach to external debt management based on dynamic assessment of indebtedness and borrowing capacity. It differed from standard debt-to-GDP ratio approach since it evaluated the efficiency and effectiveness of borrowed resources. (ii) Model for reducing volatility of commodity prices based on intervention fund (buffer stock) activated on either demand or supply side to prevent excessive price changes. (iii) Stabilizing record hyperinflation in his home country Serbia by introducing new currency, sound macro-monetary policy, and breaking inflationary expectations that reduced inflation and allowed price liberalization. He faced formidable political economy opposition to implementing debt management and commodity stabilization models, and structural reforms once the stabilization results were achieved.
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Adeniyi, Demehin James, Adewole Joseph Adeyinka, and Iyodo Babayaro. "Insurance Companies and the Efficiency of Financial Intermediation in Nigeria." American International Journal of Economics and Finance Research 1, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.46545/aijefr.v1i1.59.
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The study examined the relationship between insurance companies and financial intermediation in Nigeria.The insurance industry is a vital part of the entire financial system. Apart from commercial banks, insurance companies contribute significantly to financial intermediation of the economy. Despite the fact that insurance companies are vital part of Nigerian financial system, Nigerian insurance companies have been struggling to meet up with their objective of enhancing sound financial intermediation efficiency. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between Total insurance claims and Total insurance Income, Total insurance expenditure in order to determine the impact of insurance companies on financial intermediation efficiency in Nigerian insurance sector.This study relied basically on secondary data which are obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin (CBN) and National Insurance Commission (NAICOM) annual report.The method of data analysis employed to achieve the stated objective is multiple regression analyses. It was revealed that there exist a positive or strong correlation between the dependent variable and independent variable in the insurance efficiency equation. Independent variables has been found as an increasing function of Dependent variable, this means that there is an increase in the level at which insurance companies fulfil their customers claims. It was also discovered that the parameter of total insurance income and other insurance expenditure in relationship with total insurance claim is statistically significant. The study therefore recommends that policies should be formulated to address firm-specifics and macroeconomic fundamentals that will drive down the high wedge between total insurance claims and total insurance income to further strengthen the efficiency of financial intermediation which will impact positively on economic growth. The study also recommends that there is need to strengthen the supervisory framework to curb tendencies for rent seeking behaviour of insurance company’s management.
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Walenia, Alina. "Competitiveness of the European Union Member States according to the Institute of Management Development index (IMD)." VUZF Review 7, no. 2 (June 28, 2022): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.38188/2534-9228.22.2.23.
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The competitiveness index of the Swiss Institute for Management Development (IMD International for Management Development), based in Lausanne, is calculated and published in the World Competitiveness Yearbook - the leading annual report published annually since 1989. Until 1995, the report was developed jointly by the IMD and the Index of Economic Freedom (IEF). IMD publishes the World Digital Competitiveness Ranking, which measures the ability of 64 economies to adapt to digital technologies and the readiness to search for new applications of digital technologies as a key factor of economic transformation in industry, the public sector and broadly understood social relations. The IMD index provides a general overview of the factors that determine the level of competitiveness. Currently, these factors are analyzed in four categories defining the competitiveness of the economy, i.e.: economic situation, government efficiency, efficiency of the public and economic sector, infrastructure.
To assess the competitiveness of EU Member States, taking into account the IMD index, rankings for 2010 and 2020 published by the World Digital Competitiveness Ranking were used. Research results indicate that the countries that achieved the best results in the IMD ranking are also leaders in the competitiveness ranking based on GDP per capita published by the European Commission.
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Nocca, Francesca, and Mariarosaria Angrisano. "The Multidimensional Evaluation of Cultural Heritage Regeneration Projects: A Proposal for Integrating Level(s) Tool— The Case Study of Villa Vannucchi in San Giorgio a Cremano (Italy)." Land 11, no. 9 (September 14, 2022): 1568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11091568.
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The challenges of sustainable development are mainly concentrated in the cities. Therefore, they represent a key place for implementing strategies and actions to achieve (or not achieve) sustainable development objectives. In this perspective, the circular city model represents a new way of organizing the city. As demonstrated by a variety of best practices, the entry points for triggering circular processes at the urban scale are various. In this paper, cultural heritage is presented as the entry point for the implementation of this new urban development model. The focus here is on the implementation tools, with a particular emphasis on the evaluation tools for assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of this model, that is, the multidimensional benefits that it can produce. The Level(s) tool, proposed by the European Commission in 2017, is the only officially recognised assessment tool related to the circular economy at the European level. It aims to evaluate the performance of new buildings from a circular economy perspective. This paper intends to expand the field of action of the aforementioned tool to projects related to cultural heritage. Nevertheless, the Level(s) tool has some weaknesses in relation to values and attributes that need to be considered when dealing with cultural heritage. This paper proposes an evaluation framework for assessing cultural heritage renovation and reuse projects, considering all its values and the multidimensional impacts that they are able to produce (economic, social, environmental impacts) in the city. The starting point for the development of the proposed evaluation framework is the Level(s) tool by the European Commission. On the basis of critical considerations, this tool is integrated with criteria and indicators deduced from other previous studies and other official tools on this issue (Green Building Council and Heritage Impact Assessment tools). The evaluation framework is here tested to evaluate the renovation/reuse project of Villa Vannucchi, a historic building located in the city of San Giorgio a Cremano in the metropolitan city of Naples (Italy).
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Bătușaru, Cristina Maria. "The Importance of European Funding on Public Finances in Romania - Implications for The General Consolidated Budget of The State." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 23, no. 2 (June 25, 2017): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2017-0081.
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Abstract The "health" state of the economy which will receive European funding is a key element in the efficiency with which these funds can be used, the effects that the injection of foreign capital entails are being significant at the macroeconomic level, since a Member state of the European Union eligible to receive finance capital can absorb a flow of up to 4% of GDP. The manner of the allocation of these funds is also a key component of efficient use of European funds allocated under the multiannual financial programming period. Annual indicative allocation corresponding to the seven years of a programming period allows to identify specific priorities for investment of these funds and the co-financing obligation incumbent upon the recipient state has the role to lead to a more responsible and appropriate use of these funds. However, the gradual release of these cash flows in the national economy may lead to a delay in the occurrence of short-term positive results for the economy, given that the allocation is made after approval by the European Commission of some strategic documents that the recipient state assumes to follow according to common objectives. Beyond the effort that the recipient state must make to become eligible for European funding, the longterm effects of the injection of capital into the economy are significant and certainly favorable to the economic and social development as a whole. One of the controversial issues on the opportunity of accessing European funding is represented by the financing cost that this entails. The problematic issues that the injection of foreign capital flows have on fiscal policy and their implications on the general consolidated budget of the state are complex and are a subject of debate among researchers in economics.
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Zozuľak, Ján, and Viera Zozuľaková. "Ethical and Ecological Dilemmas of Environmental Protection." Management Systems in Production Engineering 30, no. 3 (July 13, 2022): 282–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mspe-2022-0036.
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Abstract The article analyses the problems (dilemmas) in approach to the environmental protection and management. EU has declared the plan for the Great Reset of global economy and environmental politics. The idea is not new, but the approach is expected to be completely different. While the EU leaders set the strategy of centralisation, there are strong claims for opposite way – decentralisation. The second dilemma we analyse in our article is the problem of European Commission massive support of green investments (including using of renewable sources of energy and focus of environmental protection), especially after lockdowns connected with covid pandemic which meets with the strong negative position of those economical circles which see such types of initiatives as green shooting to the economy. Terra Carta as an integral part of Sustainable Markets Initiative was launched in 2020. The third dilemma we pay our attention is connected with the efficiency of new environmental taxes. The article focuses also on the good practice as can be seen in environmental protection management efforts and green solutions for using and saving energy resources. As an examples we assess the projects supporting use of renewable energy in Africa (e.g. Lights for Africa), Cradle to Cradle Program (C2C) and we go back to the Come2CoM. The whole is analysed in the context of corporate social responsibility.
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Thormann, Lisa, Ulf Neuling, and Martin Kaltschmitt. "Opportunities and Challenges of the European Green Deal for the Chemical Industry: An Approach Measuring Innovations in Bioeconomy." Resources 10, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources10090091.
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The Circular Economy Action Plan, as part of the European Green Deal announced by the European Commission, is highly relevant to the chemical industry in relation to the production of sustainable products. Accordingly, the chemical industry faces the question of how far it can promote its own manufacture of sustainable products. Within this context, this article presents an approach on how to measure innovations in bioeconomy. The methodological framework developed provides the chemical industry with an approach to assess the effectiveness of innovative conversion technologies producing biogenic intermediate products (e.g., bulk chemicals). The innovations within the bioeconomy (TRL > 4; TRL—technology readiness level) are compared in terms of technical, economic, and environmental indicators for the current status, for the medium- and long-term as well as for different production sites. The methodological approach developed here is exemplarily applied, assessing the production of intermediate biogenic products via thermo-chemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass. The results show the successful applicability of the developed assessment approach as well as significant differences in efficiency, costs, and environmental impact, both from the perspective of time and in spatial terms within the European Union. Thus, the methodological approach developed and presented enables the chemical industry to reduce challenges and to take advantage of the opportunities arising from the transition to a climate-neutral and circular economy.
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Gawlik, Lidia, and Eugeniusz Mokrzycki. "Analysis of the Polish Hydrogen Strategy in the Context of the EU’s Strategic Documents on Hydrogen." Energies 14, no. 19 (October 6, 2021): 6382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196382.
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In December 2019, the European Commission unveiled an ambitious project, the European Green Deal, which aims to lead the European Union to climate neutrality by 2050. This is a significant challenge for all EU countries, and especially for Poland. The role of hydrogen in the processes of decarbonization of the economy and transport is being discussed in many countries around the world to find rational solutions to this difficult and complex problem. There is an ongoing discussion about the hydrogen economy, which covers the production of hydrogen, its storage, transport, and conversion to the desired forms of energy, primarily electricity, mechanical energy, and new fuels. The development of the hydrogen economy can significantly support the achievement of climate neutrality. The belief that hydrogen plays an important role in the transformation of the energy sector is widespread. There are many technical and economic challenges, as well as legal and logistical barriers to deal with in the transition process. The development of hydrogen technologies and a global sustainable energy system that uses hydrogen offers a real opportunity to solve the challenges facing the global energy industry: meeting the need for clean fuels, increasing the efficiency of fuel and energy production, and significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The paper provides an in-depth analysis of the Polish Hydrogen Strategy, a document that sets out the directions for the development of hydrogen use (competences and technologies) in the energy, transport, and industrial sectors. This analysis is presented against the background of the European Commission’s document ‘A Hydrogen Strategy for a Climate-Neutral Europe’. The draft project presented is a good basis for further discussion on the directions of development of the Polish economy. The Polish Hydrogen Strategy, although it was created later than the EU document, does not fully follow its guidelines. The directions for further work on the hydrogen strategy are indicated so that its final version can become a driving force for the development of the country’s economy.
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Pappas, Georgios. "QUALITY OF EDUCATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION STRATEGIC DOCUMENTS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS." Continuing Professional Education: Theory and Practice, no. 1 (2020): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/1609-8595.2020.1.13.
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The internationalization of the market coincided with the opening of state borders for the benefit of free movement of capital, goods, labor, services and information. With the dominance of the ideological realm of economic pragmatism, educational discourse is overwhelmed and dominated by conceptual loans from the business world: choice, competition, efficiency, speech, management, productivity, consumer. Thus, a successful criterion of international economic competition emerges as a key quality criterion. The Communication from the Commission of the European Communities (2008) on an updated strategic framework for European cooperation in education and training raises the need for upgrading the skills of the population and the need to implement skills development policies that better respond to current and future needs of the labor market. However, the entrepreneurial spirit promoted at all levels of education and training rather establishes a more modern surveillance mechanism by establishing a cultural arbitrary accord with the market economy (Foucault, 2005). Consequently, it is necessary to find an alternative way of teaching that welcomes the questioning and manifestation of both the genetic cause and the prospects behind the formal education policy.
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Yuniarti, Rahmi, and Cheny Berlian. "KAJIAN YURIDIS PERAN HUKUM DAN KEBIJAKAN PERSAINGAN USAHA DALAM OPTIMALISASI POTENSI UMKM GUNA MEWUJUDKAN EKONOMI YANG SEIMBANG DAN BERKEADILAN." JOURNAL EQUITABLE 8, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37859/jeq.v8i2.4952.
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The role of business competition is very important in the context of market balance in order to make a perfect market, in this case run by the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU). In relation to business competition laws and policies, KPPU has the task of supervising the implementation of MSME partnerships. The problem that the author will examine is the role of competition law and policy in optimizing the potential of SMEs in order to create a balanced and just economy. The approach method that will be used is normative juridical which is focused on conducting a juridical analysis related to business competition law and MSMEs. The research results obtained are the role of law and business competition policy towards optimizing MSMEs in accordance with the objectives of the establishment of Law 5 of 1999, one of which is, creating a conducive business climate through regulation of fair business competition so as to ensure certainty of equal business opportunities for large business actors., medium business actors, and small business actors and so on, to create effectiveness and efficiency in business activities.