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Stone, Michael H., and Margaret E. Stone. "Athletic Injuries: Incidence and Prevention." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4493.
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Ivarsson, Andreas. "Psychology of Sport Injury : Prediction, Prevention and Rehabilitation in Swedish Team Sport Athletes." Doctoral thesis, Växjö, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-42982.
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The dissertation consists of five separate studies that all have focused on different aspects of the relationship between psychological factors and sport injuries. In the first study the aim was to investigate female elite soccer players’ experiences of the time prior to the occurrence of an ACL injury. In the result three themes of player experiences was identified: fatigue, life stress, and worry. The players interpreted these three themes as risk factors for ACL-injury. The second study aimed to investigate whether personality, stress, and coping predicted injury occurrence in an elite soccer population. The result showed that an interaction between psychological variables (i.e. trait anxiety, negative life event stress and daily hassles, ineffective coping) could explain 24 % of the variance in injury occurrence. Moreover, the result showed that negative life event stress was found to have an indirect effect on injury occurrence through daily hassles. In the third study the aim was to investigate whether individual level and changes in hassle and uplift levels over a 10-week period could predict injury outcome in an elite junior soccer population. The results showed that both initial level as well as change in hassle influenced injury risk. More specific, both high initial level as well as slow decrease in hassle was associated with an increased risk of injury. The fourth study aimed to investigate the extent to which a mindfulness and acceptance based intervention program could reduce the number of sports injuries in a sample of soccer players. The result showed no statistically significant differences in injury rates between the two groups, but there was a medium effect size (adjusted Cohen´s d = - 0.59). In the fifth study the aim was to investigate an athletic injury as a career transition through the narrative expression of successful and less successful injury experiences of a former elite handball player. The participant’s narratives made possible to identify four phases (i.e., pre-injury, injury and first reactions, diagnosis and treatment, rehabilitation and consequences) in the injury transition with distinct psychological content (e.g., demands, resources, barriers, and coping strategies) relevant to each phase
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Ferry, Michel. "Le parapente, sport a risques : bilan et prevention des accidents." Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN11114.
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Kaufman, Z. A. "The GOAL Trial : sport-based HIV prevention in South African schools." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2014. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/1941262/.
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Despite progress in increasing uptake of HIV testing and treatment, preventing new HIV infections remains a challenge for South Africa. Though in the last decade interest has grown in interventions using sport to promote health, rigorous evidence supporting the effectiveness of these interventions is limited. Also, although there is some evidence that SMS-based interventions can effectively promote healthy behaviour, few evaluations have been carried out. In 2012, a three-year cluster-randomised trial was launched to assess the effectiveness of a sport-based HIV prevention (SBHP) intervention and associated SMS campaign. The trial enrolled 46 schools in informal settlements in Cape Town and Port Elizabeth. Schools were randomised to receive the SBHP intervention or standard life-orientation classes only, with intervention schools randomised to receive (or not receive) biweekly SMS’s reinforcing the intervention. Self-administered questionnaires were completed on touchscreen mobile phones at baseline (n=4485) and midline (8-11 months post-intervention, n=3442) to assess the intervention’s effectiveness in reducing reported sexual risk behaviour and improving HIV-related knowledge and reported attitudes. Random-effects logistic and linear regression was used to assess differences between study groups at midline, adjusting for age, site, school-level clustering and baseline prevalences. Very strong evidence of a positive effect of the intervention was observed on HIV-related knowledge (β=0.39, 95%CI=0.25-0.53) among males and females and on reported HIV testing in the last year (OR=1.47, 95%CI=1.13-1.90) among males. There was, however, strong evidence of a negative effect on reported multiple partners in the last six months among males (OR=1.34, 95%CI=1.08-1.66) and on reported perpetration of intimate-partner violence by males (OR=1.27, 95%CI=1.00-1.60). There was strong evidence of that including SMS’s in the intervention reduced reported multiple partners in the last six months (OR=0.75, 95%CI=0.58-0.96). The midline results suggested the SBHP intervention was not effective in achieving its primary behavioural objectives but did improve HIV-related knowledge and HIV testing uptake among males. They provided further evidence that SMS’s may be an effective sexual health promotion tool. Further qualitative research is investigating why the intervention may have led to an increase in certain risk behaviours.
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Richards, Nathaniel L. "Machine Learning for the Prevention and Prognosis of Pediatric Head Injury in Sport." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535633637793776.
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Gentles, Jeremy A., Brian D. Johnston, William G. Hornsby, Christopher J. MacDonald, and Michael H. Stone. "An Interdisciplinary Approach to Injury Prevention and Performance Enhancement in NCAA Division I Baseball." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3985.
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Much of the current literature related to injuries in sport has addressed the influence of a particular exercise intervention on a specific type of injury without considering changes in sport performance. The purpose of this research was to investigate an interdisciplinary approach to athlete development and its initial effects on injury rates and measures of performance in collegiate baseball. In October 2008, an NCAA Division I baseball team began working with a sport performance enhancement group (SPEG) which consists of a collaborative effort between sport coaches, sport medicine and sport science departments. Injury rates were calculated for each academic year from 2006/2007 through 2010/2011. As part of the athlete monitoring program provided through SPEG, peak force was measured using an isometric mid-thigh pull from 2008/2009 through 2010/2011. Team win percentage and home runs were also reported from 2003/2004 through 2010/2011. Compared to 2006/2007 and 2007/2008, injury rates during 2008/2009 decreased 40% and 16%, 2009/2010 decreased 64% and 48%, while 2010/2011 decreased 33% and 6%. Team mean allometrically scaled isometric peak force (IPFa) increased each year from 2008/2009 through 2010/2011 (200.6 N, 229.6 N, 244.2 N). IPFa during 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 were significantly greater than 2008/2009 (p = .001 and .002). Win percentage increased from 2008/2009 through 2010/2011 (47%, 53%, 63%) and the 2010/2011 win percentage was higher than any other year since 2003/2004. Total team home runs during 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 were higher than any other season since 2003/2004. These results seem to indicate that the collaborative efforts of SPEG were able to substantially reduce injury rates while increasing lab based and on-field performance.
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Halkjaer, Andreas. "Doping och gymkultur : Kroppslig praktik, genus och prevention." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för idrottsvetenskap (ID), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104889.
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Syftet med föreliggande uppsats är att undersöka hur doping och anti-doping förstås i ett gym- och fitnessammanhang. För att besvara syftet formulerades tre frågeställningar angående förekomsten av doping, hur doping kan förstås i relation till kropp och genus, och om anti-doping och preventiva insatser. Utifrån semistrukturerade intervjuer tillsammans med nio informanter, tillhörande bodybuildingens professionella sfär, har sedan frågeställningarna försökt besvarats. Informanterna bestod av tre kvinnor och sex män i åldrarna 21 till 45 år. Det empiriska materialet har analyserats utifrån Connells begrepp hegemonisk maskulinitet och betonad femininitet, samt delar av Bourdieus begreppsapparat. Resultatet presenteras under tre olika teman som berör respektive frågeställning. Utifrån resultatet kan doping förstås vara vanligt förekommande inom professionell bodybuilding vid tävlingssatsning. Doping förekommer även utanför tävlingskontext hos användare med motiv som på olika sätt förankras i rekreation och estetik. I båda fallen kan doping förstås i syfte att stå ut och skapa ett narrativ om att vara något utöver vanliga. Resultatet visar även att anti-dopingarbetet är svårnavigerat och delvis splittrat där nya perspektiv på arbetssätt möter äldre, och där anti-dopingrörelsens olika aktörer kan behöva göras enhetliga för att inte riskera sin trovärdighet.<br>The purpose of this essay is to examine (anti)doping in a gym- and fitness environment. To answer the research questions, semi-structured interviews have been accomplished with members all part of the professional bodybuilding sphere. The theoretical framework is based on theories by Connell and Bourdieu. The result shows that doping can be understood in relation to a narrative about being something out o the ordinary, but also that the anti-doping interventions lack a path of clear direction.
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Heke, Justin Ihirangi, and n/a. "Hokowhitu : a sport-based programme to improve academic, career, and drug and alcohol awareness in adolescent Maori." University of Otago. School of Physical Education, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070430.124346.
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The purpose of this project was to design and evaluate a sport-based life skills intervention designed for indigenous New Zealand (Maori) youth who may be exposed to drug or alcohol abuse. An indigenous research approach known as Kaupapa Maori research was utilised. As an indigenous approach, Kaupapa Maori signifies the importance of research with Maori being initiated, determined, and validated by Maori and in particular, by those directly involved with the research initiative (Bishop, 1996; Tuhiwai-Smith, 1999). As a result of adhering to a Kaupapa Maori approach the participants determined additional areas of interest including academic self-esteem, intrinsic motivation for schoolwork and career awareness. Therefore, the initial project grew to include several other life skills areas identified by the participants. The life skills basis of the 'Hokowhitu' intervention was adapted from the Going for the Goal (GOAL) and Sports United to Promote Education and Recreation (SUPER) programmes developed by Professor Steve Danish (Danish, 1997; Danish & Nellen, 1997; Danish, Meyer, Mash, Howard, Curl, Brunelle & Owens, 1998). The GOAL and SUPER programmes taught life skills to adolescents including informed decision-making, health-enhancing activities (e.g., goal setting) and health-compromising activities (e.g., drug & alcohol abuse). A New Zealand (NZ) version of the GOAL programme was successfully pilot-tested in 1997-1998 in NZ schools with non-Maori adolescents (Hodge & Danish, 1999; Hodge, Cresswell, Sherburn, & Dugdale, 1999). The evaluation of the Hokowhitu programme used both quantitative and qualitative analyses. The qualitative investigation received an enthusiastic response and supportive results for the Hokowhitu programme. Many of the research participants preferred the qualitative investigative approach because of the culturally recognised components (e.g., Te kanohi ki kanohi or face-to-face method used to ask questions). The quantitative investigation used; Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon, Chi Square and McNemar statistical tests (Harraway, 1995). The outcome of the overall programme evaluation showed that the Hokowhitu programme provided improvements in; (a) academic self-esteem, (b) increased intrinsic motivation for schoolwork, (c) increased career awareness, and (d) increased drug and alcohol awareness in adolescent Maori. Also, there was some statistical support for the Hokowhitu programme and evidence that life skills and Kaupapa Maori ideologies were able to be successfully integrated into a sport-based programme.
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Sjögreen, Måns. "Påverkansfaktorer hos svenska ishockeyspelare med en aggressiv spelstil." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för idrottsvetenskap (ID), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104836.
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Background: Ice hockey is a team sport combined with martial arts. A certain level of violence is accepted within the game. The physical play results in injured players. Incidence of concussions have increased during several years in Swedish ice hockey and the Swedish Ice hockey association have initiated a preventive project to reduce concussions; Projekt Nollvision. This study is a part of the project. Purpose: The aim of the study was to survey factors that predispose or reduce the prevalence of violent or dangerous play within Swedish ice hockey. Method: Unstructured interviews were conducted with ice hockey players with an aggressive or a hazardous style of play. Data was analyzed with content analysis. Result: The study shows multiple factors that influence players to use an aggressive style of play such as risk-taking in the aim to win games, highspeed in the game and annoyance from opponents. The main reductive factor was experience. Differences between male and female players was mainly greater differences concerning physical capacity among female players. Conclusion: Several factors that influence a violent style of play was identified. Male and female players share beliefs concerning violent play and that is probably an influence from the culture within ice hockey rather than gendered. Searchwords: Concussion, ice hockey, prevention<br>Bakgrund: Ishockey är en lagidrott kombinerat med kampsport. I idrotten tillåts en viss nivå av våld. Det fysiska spelet får till följd att spelare riskerar att skadas. Förekomsten av hjärnskakningar har under flera år ökat inom svensk ishockey och ishockeyförbundet har initierat en satsning för att förebygga denna typ av skada; Projekt Nollvision. Denna studie är en del av projektet. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att kartlägga faktorer som predisponerar eller minskar förekomsten av aggressiv och/eller risktagande spelstil inom svensk ishockey. Metod: Insamlingen av data skedde i form av ostrukturerade intervjuer av spelare med en våldsam spelstil. Data analyserades genom innehållsanalys. Resultat: Studien påvisade flera faktorer som påverkade spelare att spela mer aggressiv ishockey så som risktagande i jakt på vinst, hög fart i spelet samt irritation på motspelare. Den faktor som begränsar förekomst av våldsamt spel visade sig vara erfarenhet hos spelare. Skillnaden mellan dam- och herrspelare var främst att det finns större skillnader bland spelarnas fysiska förutsättningar inom damishockey. Konklusion: Flera påverkansfaktorer för en aggressiv spelstil identifierades. Dam- och herrspelare var samstämmiga och uppfattningar om våldsamt spel verkar vara kulturellt betingat inom idrotten snarare än könsbunden. Sökord: Hjärnskakning, ishockey, prevention<br>Projekt Nollvision
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Favaretto, Karine. "Les anabolisants stéroi͏̈diens et le dopage." Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR2P002.
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Persson, Linnéa. "Preventivt arbete riktat mot ätstörningar inom idrotten, finns det ett behov? : - en kvalitativ studie." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68163.
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Exercise has come to be the most common cause to eating disorder and athletes is more often represented among patients with ED than rest of the population. It has been known that men barely notice the symptoms before it’s too late, often because ED is labeled as a woman disorder. Altough it’s not primary an urge to change how you look, among athletes it can be a willing to improve sport enhancement. To work preventive in sports can give us a chance to reduce the cases of ED. The intention with this qualitative study was to broaden the understanding of for ED in sports. The study is based on interviews and the results will be presented by three themes: trigger factors of ED, prevention and communication.<br>Träning är idag tyvärr den vanligaste utlösande faktorn till ätstörning och idrottare drabbas oftare av ätstörning än övriga befolkningen. Hos män upptäcks sällan symptomen då ätstörning blivit en kvinnligt kodad sjukdom. Dock är det inte alltid en önskan att ändra sitt utseende som triggar en ätstörning, bland atleter kan det vara att man vill förbättra sin prestation som utlöser ätstörning. Att arbeta förebyggande inom idrotten kan ge en chans att reducera antalet fall av ätstörningar. Intentionen med den här studien var att bredda förståelsen för ätstörningar inom idrotten. Studien är baserad på intervjuer och resultaten kommer att redovisas under tre teman: utlösande faktorer, prevention och kommunikation. Resultaten visar att behovet finns och att coachens roll för ungdomarna blir viktig för att upptäcka symptom till ätstörning.
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Adam, Kihlman, and Fredriksson Timmy. "Regulatory fit and performance in elite bowlers." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-38891.
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Research within regulatory fit framework has shown that athletes perform better when in a state of regulatory fit. This state occurs when there is a match between a player’s chronic regulatory focus and the framing of the given task. In a counterbalanced within-groups experimental design, bowling players (N = 34) performed various rounds of the same ecologically-valid pin-setting configuration under two different experimental conditions: in a promotion manner (aspiration to make the spare) and in a prevention manner (obligation not to miss the spare). Results showed no significant relationship between regulatory fit and bowling performance. Findings are discussed in terms of task difficulty and experimental manipulation in relation to regulatory fit theory.<br>Forskning inom ramverket för regulatory fit har visat att idrottare presterar bättre när de befinner sig i ett tillstånd av regulatory fit. Detta tillstånd uppstår när det finns en överensstämmelse mellan en spelares kroniska regulatory fokus och framingen av den givna uppgiften. I en motbalanserad inomgruppsdesign genomförde bowlare (N = 34) flera omgångar av en ekologiskt valid kägeluppställning, fördelad på två olika experimentella förhållanden: ena på ett promotion-sätt (strävan efter att spärra), den andra på ett prevention- sätt (skyldighet att inte missa spärren). Resultatet visade inget signifikant samband mellan regulatory fit och förbättrad prestation. Vidare diskuteras resultatet utifrån uppgiftens svårighet och de experimentella manipulationerna, i relation till regulatory fit teorin.
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Bylinder, Westerberg Frida, and Gabriella Magnusson. "Hamstringsruptur – en fotbollsspelares svåraste motståndare : En litteraturstudie framtagen för att hjälpa fotbollstränare att förebygga och behandla hamstringsrupturer." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Idrottsmedicin, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149365.
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Introduktion: Fotboll är en av de mest skadedrabbade idrotterna. 70-90% av skadorna är lokaliserade i nedre extremiteter. Den vanligaste skadan är hamstringsruptur och utgör 37% av skador i nedre extremiteter. Det finns idag mycket forskning gjord på hamstringsrupturer hos manliga fotbollsspelare, men skadefrekvensen för hamstringsrupturen minskar inte. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att bidra med ökad medvetenhet och kunskap om uppkomst, rehabilitering och preventiva åtgärder på hamstringsrupturer för tränare i manliga fotbollslag. Metod: Studien har sammanställt redan befintlig litteratur om de valda område för att besvara studiens syfte. Studiens valda metod är en litteraturstudie. Resultat: (1) Uppkomst: Höghastighetssprint & förlängning. (2) Rehabilitering: Individuell konservativ behandling. (3) Preventiva åtgärder: Excentriska övningar ex: Nordic hamstrings exercise, Asklings glider. Slutsats: Mer kunskap behövs inom området, både för tränare och spelare i idrottsföreningar, och kunskapen måste presenteras på ett användbart sätt.<br>Introduction: Soccer is one of the most injured sports. 70-90% of the injuries are located in the lower extremities. The most common injury is hamstring strain and accounts for 37% of lower limb damage. There is a lot of research done today on hamstring strains for male soccer players, but the injury rate for hamstring strains is not diminishing. Purpose: This study wants to contribute to increased awareness and knowledge of the origin, rehabilitation and prevention of hamstring strains for coaches in male football teams. Method: The study has complied already existing literature on the chosen areas to answer the purpose of the study. The chosen method on the study is a literature study. Result: (1) Origin: High Speed Sprint & extension. (2) Rehabilitation: Individual conservative treatment. (3) Preventive measures: Eccentric exercises eg: Nordic hamstrings training, Askling Glider. Conclusion: More knowledge is needed in the field, for both athletes and coaches, and the knowledge must be presented in a useful way.
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Pinto, Pedro Manuel Rijo. "Relatório de estágio no Grupo União Sport - Desenvolvimento físico e prevenção de lesões em jovens jogadores de futebol." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/28073.
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O objetivo deste Estágio foi promover o desenvolvimento físico de jovens futebolistas, através da aplicação do programa de exercícios de aquecimento e prevenção de lesões Fifa 11+. Este estágio aconteceu na equipa de Iniciados do Grupo União Sport.
O programa de exercícios foi aplicado 2 vezes por semana, durante um total de 7 meses, em 26 jogadores desta equipa. A força dos membros inferiores, aceleração, velocidade e agilidade, bem como o peso e a altura dos jogadores foram controladas no início e no final da época. As ocorrências de lesão foram sendo registadas ao longo da época.
Os resultados médios mostram melhorias em todos os testes físicos no final da época. Foram registadas 6 lesões ao longo da época, num total de 0,78 lesões por 1000 horas de prática.
Os resultados mostram o efeito preventivo do programa FIFA 11+, associado a um desenvolvimento das capacidades motoras em jovens futebolistas; Abstract:
Internship report carried out by Pedro Pinto, in the Grupo União Sport – Physical development and injury prevention in youth soccer players
The purpose of this Internship was to promote the physical development of young footballers through the application of the Fifa 11+ warm-up and injury prevention exercise program. This internship took place in the team of U-15 of Grupo União Sport.
The exercise program was applied twice a week, during 7 months, on 26 players of this team. Lower limb strength, acceleration, speed and agility, as well as the weight and height of the players were controlled at the beginning and end of the season. Injury occurrences were recorded throughout the season.
Results show improvements in all physical tests at the end of the season. A total of 6 injuries were recorded during the season, for a total of 0,78 injuries per 1000 hours of practice.
The results show the preventive effect of the FIFA 11+ program, associated with the development of physical skills in young footballers.
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Wasiu, Awotidebe Adedapo. "The effect of a sports-based HIVv prevention programme on HIV risk related behaviours among high school learners." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4504.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD<br>Background: The Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has become a global public health challenge amid the growing concern of adolescent risky sexual behaviour, influenced by biological and psycho-social factors. There is an increasing demand for adolescent sexual risk reduction interventions, especially in sub-Saharan Africa which remains the hub of HIV epidemic worldwide. Sport-based HIV prevention programme has been identified as one of the interventions, in addition to other approaches to provide young people with appropriate HIV knowledge and skills to either delay or reduce risk-taking behaviour. Despite the potential of sport-based programme for sexual risk reduction, there is limited information on how to adapt it to meet adolescent needs in terms of design, contents, and delivery. This information is necessary to provide sufficiently strong evidence to support widespread implementation of sport-based programme, especially in rural African schools. Therefore, the study aimed to measure the impact of a sport-based HIV prevention intervention in the reduction of HIV related sexual risk behaviour among rural high school learners aged 13-18. Method: The overall study design was a concurrent mixed method, utilizing both the quantitative and qualitative approach. The population for the quantitative and the qualitative studies was made up of two high schools in a predominantly “Coloured” community in Ceres. Two classes each were randomly selected from grades 8-10 in both intervention and control school. The intervention was developed through a process of focus group discussions with the Grassroot Soccer (GRS) staff and it was guided by the Social Cognitive Theory. The intervention was delivered to grade 8-10 learners by GRS peer facilitators using the GRS generation skillz curriculum that consists of 12-week sessions in the intervention school. Quantitative data were analysed with multivariate statistical techniques and qualitative data with thematic analysis approach. Results: The data that assessed the behavioural and protective factors to understand why learners in rural schools engage in risky sexual behaviour showed that about 27.2% of the learners reported being sexually active. Of the sexually active learners, 48.7% reported engaging in sex by 14 years or younger and nearly 42.2% reported multiple sexual partners with significant higher proportion of boys than girls. Nearly 55.2% of the sexually active learners reported irregular condom use and 46.3% did not use a condom at the last sexual encounter. The majority of the learners (87%) did not know their HIV status. Being male (OR = 6.60;95% C I = 1.62 – 26.84) and peer influence (OR = 3.01; 95% CI = 1.97-4.60) were the strongest predictors of reporting sexual intercourse and early sexual activities before the age 15 respectively. Though the knowledge of HIV was low, those with greater knowledge of HIV were more likely to use a condom at last the sexual encounter (OR = 1.22; 95% C I =1.03-1.44). The learners who participated in sport-based intervention were 1.43times likely to report higher self-efficacy to refuse sex compared to the control group (OR = 1.43; 95% C.I =1.07-1.92).The process evaluation indicated that the sport-based intervention was well
received among the learners as it gave them free space to freely express themselves. Conclusion: The findings have shown that sport-based intervention can be successfully implemented in school and is a promising approach to reduce risks associated with risky sexual behaviour in learners. However, the quality of the programme delivery was hampered by irregular session‟s schedule and language of instruction. The process suggests for a longer exposure period and because of social-cultural diversity, learners must be provided with the ownership of the programme in schools.
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Denman, Lauren Faye. "Exploring the efficacy of the Community Organization Health Model as a tool for evaluating sport-for-development programs: A qualitative content analysis of three model programs." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/981.
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The HIV/AIDS pandemic is currently one of the most pressing world-wide concerns regarding the health and well-being of our global population. Due to the lack of a cure, recent efforts have focused on prevention measures for the disease. HIV prevention, particularly with the youth population, has spawned creative programs, such as the use of sport as an educational tool to equip youth with the skills to avoid contracting HIV. Due to the potent effect sport-for-development efforts exhibit on both individual and cultural level change, it can be assumed that HIV prevention sport-for-development programs are worth maintaining. Within the use of sport-for-development programs comes the problem under investigation: the need to establish a uniform method from which to evaluate HIV sport-for-development program effectiveness- specifically in regards to cultural relevance, level of community ownership, and sustainability through partnership resources. In order to address this problem, this analysis used qualitative content analysis to examine the promotional documents of three best practice football-for-development organizations- Grassroot Soccer, Mathare Youth Sports Association, and WhizzKids United. The purpose was to determine whether the Community Organization Health Model (COHM) was reflected in the values promoted through each organization’s electronic promotional material. The content analysis showed a strong qualitative presence of all six of the COHM tenets in the promotional documents, as well as a meaningful theme of expanding partnerships to enhance sustainability. These findings indicate that the tenets of the COHM are valued by best practice football-for-development organizations, which presents the opportunity for this model to be used in creating an evaluation procedure able to bridge cultural differences in programs.
Keywords: HIV prevention, football, sport-for-development, evaluation
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Åman, Malin. "Acute sports injuries in Sweden and their possible prevention : an epidemiological study using insurance data." Doctoral thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-5128.
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Physical activity is an essential component of a healthy life, e.g. to prevent obesity, cardiovascular disease and premature death, of which sports can be an important part. Unfortunately, sports activities increase the risk of both overuse and acute injuries. Severe acute injuries may also lead to a permanent medical impairment (PMI), which may influence the ability to be physically active throughout life. However, sports injuries may be prevented, but a profound understanding of the injuries and how to prevent them is needed. This doctoral thesis examine acute sports injuries reported by licensed athletes of all ages and level of sports nationwide in Sweden, by using national insurance data. Approximately 80% of all the Sports Federations (SF) had their mandatory accident insurance in the insurance company Folksam, and since there is no national sports injury surveillance system in Sweden, this is a unique database, able to be used in epidemiological studies on acute injuries occurring in organized sports in Sweden. The main aim of this thesis was to identify high-risk sports for acute injuries, the most common and the most severe injuries, especially in large sports with numerous licensed athletes, many injuries and injuries resulting in PMI. Based on the results, there will be recommendations regarding sports and body locations where injury prevention efforts should be focused to gain the greatest prevention effect at a national level in Sweden. Another aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of a neuromuscular knee control training program (KCP) that has been implemented nationwide to reduce knee and cruciate ligament injuries, among football players in Sweden. After evaluating the validity and reliability of the information within the database based on international guidelines, acute injury data were examined and the results presented in four papers. These results showed that there is a need of injury prevention especially in motorcycle sports, team ball sports, and ice hockey. Particularly, knee injuries need to be prevented since they were both the most common injuries and leading to PMI. The severe head- and upper limb injuries also need attention. Sixty-nine percent of the PMI injured athletes, were younger than 25 years. The injury prevention training program, KCP can be considered partially implemented nationwide, since 21 out of 24 district SFs provided KCP educations. The incidence of knee and cruciate ligament injuries has decreased among football players in Sweden. A concerning aspect is that there is no national official policy regarding sports injury and injury prevention in Sweden, nor an official authority that has the explicit responsibility for these issues.
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Adams, Stephen. "Analyzing Injury in Canadian Youth Ice Hockey through a Mixed Method Observational Design: Moving Beyond the Mechanisms of Injury to the Socio-Cultural Complexities of Implementing Injury Prevention Strategies." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26283.
Full textAbstract:
Ice hockey is a sport known for its speed and skill. However, its intensely physical nature is associated with the potential risk of injury, which has become a major public controversy in Canada (Cusimano, Sharma, Lawrence, et al., 2013; Emery et al., 2010). Epidemiological research has adequately documented the frequency and severity of injury (King & LeBlanc, 2006; Yard & Comstock, 2006). Yet, because of methodological limitations and the lack of systematic and mandatory injury prevention strategies implemented nationwide, injuries remain high (Cusimano, Nastis, & Zuccaro, 2013; Emery et al, 2010). An alternative methodology, combined with broadening injury definitions can provide a more detailed assessment of the risks of, and circumstances, around injury.
A methodology, based primarily on observational techniques, was utilized to examine injury in body checking hockey when it is first introduced to youth players. Injury was defined as ‘any physical trauma that has occurred as a result of participation in an organized competition’ including four categories of injury severity. In a comparison of Ontario Peewee (ages 11-12) with Québec Bantam (ages 13-14) boys hockey, no significant differences were found in overall injury (χ2: 0.22; p:0.64), however, there were significant differences in frequency of body checking related injury; 76% versus 59% (χ2:4.76; p:0.03). The odds of being injured due to body checking are 2.158 times higher in Peewee (βex 2.158; 95%CI: 1.07-4.34; p:0.03) indicating no increased risk of injury when body checking is introduced later while delaying introduction reduces the frequency of body checking related injury.
Ongoing public debate in Canada concerning safety in youth hockey is understood through the theoretical lens of discourse (Foucault, 1972, 1990). The dominant discourse in Canada around hockey is based in a traditional, physically dominant model, where intense physical contact is not only inevitable but desirable. The reverse discourse prioritizes the safety of participants over the potential of lessening the intense physicality of the Canadian style of play. These competing discourses create tension and ambivalence amongst safety advocates and conservative hockey practitioners and enthusiasts. The emotionality of hockey stakeholders often overwhelms logic regarding safety decisions, ultimately impacting progressive injury prevention initiatives.
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Edirnelis, Dimos. "Nordic Hamstrings Exercise och Razor Hamstring Curls effekt på muskelstyrka och rörlighet i hamstrings för fotbollsspelande ungdomar." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Avdelningen för idrottsmedicin, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-177010.
Full textAbstract:
Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka effekten av 6 veckors styrketräning med så kallad Nordic Hamstring Exercise (NHE) i jämförelse med Razor Hamstring Curl (RHC) med avseende på hamstringsmuskulaturens styrka och rörlighet hos unga fotbollsspelare. 43 fotbollsspelande ungdomar från två olika lag rekryterades till studien varav 40 slutförde den. Deltagarna var av manligt kön och hade en medelålder på 17.2 ± 0.6. De randomiserades till två olika interventionsgrupper, NHE och RHC, där de fick utföra tilldelad övning under träningstid under sex veckor. Mätning av hamstrings rörlighet och isometrisk utvärdering av hamstrings muskelstyrka i 90°-, 45°- och 0°- knävinkel utfördes innan och efter intervention. Parade t-test och Wilcoxon signed rank test användes för att testa förändringen inom grupp och ANCOVA användes för att se skillnaderna mellan grupperna. NHE-gruppen hade en signifikant ökning av muskelstyrkan i samtliga testvinklar. RHC gruppen hade signifikant ökning i endast två av tre testvinklar. Mätningen i 0° visade ingen signifikant ökning av muskelstyrkan. Rörligheten hade en signifikant ökning i båda interventionsgrupperna. När interventionsgrupperna testades mot varandra så hade NHE gruppen en signifikant högre ökning av muskelstyrkan i 0° mätningen jämfört med RHC gruppen. Ingen signifikant skillnad uppmärksammades i de andra testvinklarna eller i ökningen av rörligheten. Både NHE- och RHC-träning under 6 veckor resulterade i signifikant ökning av muskelstyrka och rörlighet i hamstringsmuskulaturen hos unga fotbollsspelare. NHE resulterade dock i en signifikant större ökning av muskelstyrkan i ett större rörelseomfång än RHC-övningen. Baserat på resultaten i denna studie är NHE den föredragna metoden att inkludera i framtida träningsprogram.
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Dekenah, Ghabrielle Anne. "The development of a fall risk assessment and exercise intervention programme for geriatric subjects." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71783.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M Sport Sc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Falling is a common occurrence and one of the most serious problems in the elderly population
(65 years and older). Falls account for 70% of accidental deaths in persons aged 75 years and
older. Falls can be markers/indicators of poor health and declining function, and are often
associated with significant morbidity. More than 90% of hip fractures occur as a result of falls,
with most of these fractures occurring in persons over 70 years of age (Fuller, 2000). About one
third of people aged 65 years and older fall each year, resulting in a substantial decrease in
quality of life in addition to placing a huge burden on current health care systems.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a 12-week exercise intervention programme,
consisting of two 30 minute exercise sessions a week, could lower the risk of falling in a group
of elderly women. Female subjects (n=22) with an average age of 79.5 years were selected from three retirement
homes situated in Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa, according to specific inclusion and
exclusion criteria. The subjects included presented no major cardiovascular and pulmonary
disease signs and symptoms as recognised by the American College of Sports Medicine (2011);
had no serious illnesses or co-morbidities; were mobile with no significant musculoskeletal
disorders; had no uncorrected visual or vestibular problems as well as no significant cognitive
impairments or major psychological disturbances; were not taking any psychotropic medications
or Benzodiazepines that could affect their progress. Subjects also had to be willing to follow the
12-week exercise intervention programme and sign an informed consent document. The selected
subjects then underwent a pre- and post-intervention assessment consisting of a subjective rating
of their fear of falling, the Fall Risk Assessment: Biodex Balance system, Balance Evaluations
Systems Test (BESTest) and the 30-Second Chair Stand Test. Statistica 10 was used to analyse
the data. Data was analysed to assess any significant improvements that the exercise intervention
had on each fall risk variable tested. The main fall risk variables consisted of: fear of falling,
muscular strength, balance, gait and getting up strategies. Statistically significant improvements (p<0.001) were seen in: Fear of falling, muscular strength,
balance, gait and getting up strategies after the 12-week exercise intervention programme.
This study suggests that exercise intervention has the potential to decrease the risk of falling
among elderly women and should play an extremely important role in the prevention of falling
amongst this population group.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Om te val is ‘n alledaagse gebeurtenis en een van die mees ernstige probleme vir ons bejaarde
bevolking (65 jaar en ouer). Insidente van val verklaar tot 70% van toevallige sterftes met
betrekking tot persone van 75 jarige ouderdom en ouer. Om te val kan ‘n teken van swak
gesondheid en/of ‘n afname in funksionele kapasiteit wees, en is gewoonlik met
morbiditeitspatrone gekoppel. Meer as 90% van heupfrakture kom as gevolg van valle voor,
waar die meeste van die frakture in persone bo 70 jarige ouderdom voorkom (Fuller, 2000).
Minstens een derde van persone bo 65 jaar en ouer val elke jaar, so ‘n val het ‘n
noemenswaardige afname in lewenskwaliteit tot gevolg asook ‘n enorme druk wat op huidige
gesondheidsorg sisteme geplaas word.
Die doel van die studie was om te bepaal of ‘n 12 week oefenintervensieprogram, wat uit twee
oefen sessies van 30 minute elk bestaan, die risiko van val vir n groep bejaarde vroue kan
verlaag. Vroulike individue (n=22) met ‘n gemiddelde ouderdom van 79.5 jaar uit drie ouetehuise/aftree
oorde in Stellenbosch, Wes-Kaap, Suid-Afrika geleë; is volgens bepaalde insluitings- en
uitsluitingskriteria geselekteer. Individue wie ingesluit is het geen tekens of simptome van
grootskaalse kardiovaskulêre of pulmonêre siekte getoon nie, soos herken deur die “American
College of Sports Medicine (2011) ; het aan geen ernstige siektes of ko-morbiditeite gely nie;
kon stap met geen merkwaardige muskulo-skeletale afwykings nie; het geen nie-gekorrigeerde
visie of vestibulêre probleme asook geen beduidende kognitiewe gestremdhede of ernstige
sielkundige steurnisse gehad nie; het nie enige psigotropiese medikasie of Benzodiazepines
geneem wat hul kon beinvloed nie. Individue moes bereid gewees het om die 12 week
oefenintervensieprogram te volg en moes ook ‘n ingeligte toestemmingsvorm onderteken. Die
geselekteerde individue het ‘n pre- en post-intervensie assessering ondergaan wat uit ‘n
subjektiewe bepaling van hul vrees vir val bestaan het, die Val Risiko Assessering asook
“Biodex Balans System Test, Balance Evaluations Systems Test (BESTest)” asook die 30
Sekonde Stoel-staan Toets. Statistica 10 is gebruik om die data te analiseer. Data was geanaliseer
om enige merkwaardige verandering wat die oefenintervensie op elke val risiko veranderlike wat getoets was gehad het, te bepaal. Die belangrikste val risiko veranderlikes het uit: die vrees vir
val, spier sterkte, balans, stappatroon en opstaan tegnieke bestaan.
Betekenisvolle statistiese veranderinge (p<0.001) is gerapporteer in: die vrees vir val,
spiersterkte, balans, stappatroon en opstaan tegnieke na die 12 week oefenintervensieprogram.
Die studie bevind dat die intervensieprogram die potensiaal het om die risiko van val onder
bejaarde vroue te verminder en behoort ‘n uiters belangrike rol in die voorkoming van val onder
die bevolkingsgroep te speel.
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Melin, Anton. "How do situational factors influence performance? Regulatory focus and handball penalty taking at a World Cup stage." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-45274.
Full textAbstract:
Pressure-performance relationship in sport situations was investigated within a self-regulatory focus framework (regulatory focus theory; Higgins, 1997). To that end, the role of regulatory fit in different ecologically valid handball penalty situations taken in the 2021 World Cup was examined. Competition data available from 102 games was collected; from 743 penalties taken in total, 716 penalties were finally included for analysis (those within the original game time of 60 minutes; handball match consists in two parts of 30 minutes each). A series of univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed; no significant effects were found on performance (goal or save/miss; in points) for neither situational focus (critical and non-critical moment), reward structure (losses [team taking the penalty is behind] and gains [team taking the penalty is ahead or score is tied]), or when the goalkeeper was substituted or not by the defending team. Furthermore, penalty shot placements were gathered to examine ‘safe’ versus ‘risky’ shooting options taken by players when under different situations (critical vs noncritical); it was found that players in general choose ‘safe’ penalty shot options under both situations. Findings are discussed considering pressure performance and regulatory fit frameworks.<br>Relationen mellan press och prestation i sportsituationer undersöktes inom ett självregulatoriskt fokusramverk; regulatoriskt fokus teorin (Higgins, 1997). Därav studerades rollen av regulatoriskt fit i olika ekologiskt valida handbollsstraffs situationer tagna under världsmästerskapet 2021. Tävlingsdata från 102 matcher samlades in, totalt sköts 743 straffar och 716 straffar var inkluderade för vidare analys: straffarna var tvungna att vara tagna inom ordinarie matchtid (60 minuter, två halvlekar om 30 minuter). Ett flertal univariate och multivariate logistiska regressioner genomfördes och ingen signifikant effekt av situationsfokus (kritiskt och icke kritisk situation), belöningsstruktur (losses [laget ligger under] och gains [laget leder eller lika]) och målvaktsbyte (byte innan straff sköts eller inget byte) på prestation (mål eller miss) hittades. Vidare undersöktes om skottplacering indikerade på om straffskyttarna valde att placera straffarna på ’säkra’ eller ’osäkra’ ställen i olika situationer, denna undersökning visade att spelarna generellt valde att skjuta på ett ’säkert’ ställe oavsett situation.
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Eklund, Adam. "Webbaserade program & coaching för att främja fysisk aktivitet : En systematisk översikt om effekten av webbaserade program & coaching på individer med behov av ökad fysisk aktivitet." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för idrottsvetenskap (ID), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-95259.
Full textAbstract:
Bakgrund: Mer och mer forskning kommer fram som styrker fördelarna med regelbunden fysisk aktiv (FA). Ändå har många svårt att röra på sig tillräckligt. I tidigare forskning har interventioner med ett webbaserat program (WBP) och interventioner med coaching fått positiva resultat med att främja FA. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att undersöka effekten av ett webbaserat program tillsammans med coaching för att främja FA hos individer som är i behov av ökad FA. Metod: För att besvara syftet har en litteraturöversikt gjorts med sammanställning av 8 vetenskapliga originalartiklar. Sökningen gjordes med Databasen PubMed. Artiklarna granskades med hjälp av ”Oxford Levels of Evidence 2011” evidensmetod. Resultat: Majoriteten av studierna (n=6 av 8) visade en positiv effekt av WBP och coaching på FA. Två artiklar såg ingen signifikant förbättring. Slutsats: Utifrån den granskade litteraturen så finns det skäl till att använda ett webbaserat program tillsammans med coaching för att främja FA. Mer forskning kräves för att säkerställa effekten av ett WBP och Coaching på FA samt specifikt effekten på den yngre och äldre befolkningen.<br>Background: More and more research is emerging that demonstrates the benefits of regular physical activity (FA). Still, many have difficulty being physically active. In previous research, interventions with a web-based program (WBP) and interventions with coaching have had positive results in promoting FA. Aim: The purpose of the review is to investigate the effect of a web-based program together with coaching to promote FA in individuals who are in need of increased FA. Method: In order to answer the purpose, a literature review has been compiled with the compilation of 8 scientific original articles. Articles were found using the PubMed database. The articles were reviewed using the "Oxford Levels of Evidence 2011" evidence method. Results: The majority of studies (n = 6 of 8) showed a positive effect of WBP and coaching on FA. Two articles saw no significant improvement. Conclusion: Based on the literature reviewed, there is positive evidence to suggest usage a web-based program together with coaching to promote FA. More research is needed to ensure the effect of a WBP and Coaching on the FA and specifically the effect on the younger and older population.
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Nyman, Anna, and Marléne Jönsson. "Skadeförebyggande arbete i skolan? : Kvalitativ studie om hur lärare i ämnet idrott och hälsa förebygger funktionella idrottsskador." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för pedagogik, psykologi och idrottsvetenskap, PPI, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-17058.
Full textAbstract:
Syftet med studien var att belysa om och hur lärare i idrott och hälsa arbetar skadeförebyggande i undervisningen. Vi utgick från en kvalitativ metod och intervjuade åtta utbildade lärare med inriktning mot årskurs 6-9 i ämnet idrott och hälsa. Resultatet kopplas till Haddons (1980) strategier om skadeförebyggande arbete. Genom samtliga intervjuer framkom att lärare medvetet arbetar förebyggande med funktionella idrottsskador och integrerar det i undervisningen. Informanterna menar att det i första hand är aktiviteten som står i fokus och inte huruvida undervisningen sker inomhus eller utomhus men nämner att det finns skillnader i planering och utförande. Informanterna betonar vikten av att eleverna lär sig hur arbetet kring förebyggande av funktionella idrottsskador kan implementeras för att kunna använda kunskaperna för ett livslångt lärande. Baserat på Haddons (1980) strategier om skadeförebyggande arbete utformade vi en ny modell för att förebygga skador. Ur ett framtida perspektiv är vår önskan att lärare använder modellen till att strukturera och organisera en lärorik undervisning.<br>The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether and how teachers in physical education and health work to prevent injuries. We used qualitative method and interviewed eight educated teachers specializing in sixth to ninth grade in physical education and health. The results are based on Haddon´s (1980) strategies for injury prevention. The results showed that teachers consciously work to prevent functional sports injuries and integrate the preventional work into the education. The informants believe that it is primarily the activity that is focused on and not whether the education takes place indoors or outdoors, but mentions that there are differences regarding planning and execution. The informants emphasize the importance of students learning how to work preventively with functional sports injuries and how to use the knowledge for lifelong learning. Based on Haddon´s (1980) strategies we created a strategy model for injury prevention. From a future perspective, it is our desire that teachers use the model to structure and organize a worthwhile education.
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Svensson, Simon, and Jesper Svensson. "Hur mår svensk innebandy? : En kvantitativ undersökning om förekomsten kring svensk innebandys psykiska faktorer samt föreningars preventiva och reaktiva arbete." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för idrottsvetenskap (ID), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-97140.
Full textAbstract:
The essay starts with an introduction to the chosen topic. Then the background goes through the different definitions of mental illness and elite sports, the correlation between these two, the stigmatisation of mental illness and lastly promotional and preventional work. Later, today’s problem with mental illness is raised along with floorball and furthermore the essay’s objectives. The essay’s purpose is to investigate which factors cause mental illness to a greater extent in national series than in federal series in Swedish floorball. Also how associations work to prevent mental ill health within their organization. Additionally the essay’s method is a quantitative and digital survey. The survey is distributed via email and the authors personal contacts. The essay´s results showed that the swedish floorball players have a high level of stress, anxiety and overtraining. It also shows that the players don't feel support from their organisation when a player is experiencing mental disorders. Furthermore, the result shows that floorball club is not working with prevention and supporting of mental illness.
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Perrin, Petament Claire. "Activités physiques et sportives et sante : étude des représentations sociales et expérimentation dans un centre de médecine préventive." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10354.
Full textAbstract:
L'association systématique des activités physiques et sportives (APS) à la santé constitue une image consensuelle qui ne se confond pas avec les représentations des APS et les représentations de la santé, dont les points de convergence s'organisent autour de quatre thèmes, mis en lumière par notre étude auprès des consultants d'un centre de médecine préventive (CMP). Une analyse factorielle des correspondances réalisée à partir des données recueillies auprès d'un échantillon de 794 adultes, a permis d'objectiver des représentations selon quatre grandes tendances propres à des profils de mécanismes cognitifs: l'hédonisme, l'hygiénisme, le volontarisme et le fatalisme, en liaison avec le sexe, l'âge, le niveau de formation et la catégorie professionnelle et sociale. L'analyse approfondie de deux séries de 28 entretiens réalisés auprès de personnes appartenant aux profils hygiéniste et hédoniste, a permis d'affiner l'objectivation des représentations et de faire émerger l'importance des histoires personnelles dans le processus d'ancrage des représentations. Les histoires ne se confondent pas avec la succession des événements rencontrés, mais se construisent en fonction de la manière singulière dont chacun les a vécus. Les relations d'affinité entre les représentations des APS et les représentations de la santé s'actualisent également dans les représentations du corps au travers des quatre thèmes qui s'appliquent de façon régulière aux argumentations quotidiennes. Ils rendent compte de quatre dynamiques cognitives et affectives différenciées se construisant dans une articulation de données individuelles (histoire singulière) et collectives (positions sociales). Cette étude, enrichie d'une expérimentation dans le cadre de l'examen de sante du CMP, permet d'envisager une structure d'aide à la santé mise à la disposition des personnes dont les représentations s'inscrivent dans la tendance hygiéniste: un entretien ou une auto-analyse de la gestion de la vie physique et une séance pratique d'activité physique de détente
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Hörnfeldt, Olle. "Isokinetic lower-limb strength and injury risk among alpine skiers : A retrospective study." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Idrottsmedicin, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149628.
Full textAbstract:
ACL injuries are severe injuries and also the most common diagnosis among alpine skiers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate alpine skiers isokinetic strength and the risk of ACL injury. 31 alpine skiers were included in this study, 17 men and 14 women, who had conducted physiological assessments between 1999 and 2007 during their active careers. The participants were sent an online questionnaire in 2018 regarding ACL injuries during their active alpine careers. The risk of injury was then evaluated by comparing injured athletes concentric isokinetic strength, hamstring to quadriceps ratio and limb symmetry index with non-injured athletes. Results showed a significant likelihood of injury for having a lower hamstring to quadriceps ratio in the left limb but not in the right limb. There was no significant likelihood of injury and having a greater limb asymmetry. Because of the small number of participants and few ACL injured there is difficult to draw any conclusions. However, there seems to be a relationship of having a lower H/Q ratio on the left limb and the risk of ACL injury. Further research is recommended.
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Fomin, Gabrielsen Sanne. "Utför fotbollsspelare skadeförebyggande träningsprogram och har de tillgång till medicinsk personal? : - En enkätundersökning." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Idrottsmedicin, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-136171.
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Bakgrund: Det finns i tidigare studier beskrivna problem så som implementering och följsamhet när det gäller skadeförebyggande träningsprogram (SPP) för fotbollsspelare. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att kartlägga och undersöka om kvinnliga och manliga fotbollslag i Stockholm utför ett SPP samt om det finns något samband med deras tillgång till medicinsk personal. Syftet är också att undersöka om det finns någon skillnad på tillgången till medicinsk personal och utförande av SPP mellan kvinnliga och manliga fotbollsspelare. Metod: Enkäten skickades ut till 133 manliga och kvinnliga fotbollsspelare från samma fotbollsklubb. Enkäten innehöll 14 frågor om tillgång till medicinsk personal, information om skadeförebyggande träning samt utförande av SPP. Resultat: Totalt 82 fotbollsspelare besvarade enkäten. Majoriteten av deltagarna uppgav att de har tillgång till medicinsk personal. Fler manliga än kvinnliga fotbollsspelare har tillgång till medicinsk personal (P=0,018). Ingen korrelation visades mellan att ha tillgång till medicinsk personal och att ha fått information om skadeförebyggande träning (P=0,45). 66% av deltagarna angav att de utför ett SPP. Tillgång till medicinsk personal korrelerade med utförande av ett SPP (P=0,04). Slutsats: Medicinsk personal verkar ha en betydelse när det gäller utförande av ett skadeförebyggande träningsprogram. Vidare forskning krävs inom området för att motivera fotbollslag att ta hjälp av medicinsk personal<br>Background: There are described problems with implementation and compliance in previous studies when it comes to Injury Prevention Programs (IPP) for soccer players. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine if female and male soccer teams in Stockholm are performing an IPP in relation to their access to medical staff. The aim was also to examine if there are any difference between male and female soccer players in their access to medical staff and performing of an IPP. Method: The survey was delivered to 133 male and female soccer players from the same soccer club. The survey involved 14 questions about medical staff, information about injury prevention training and performance of an IPP. Results: Totally 82 soccer players answered the survey. The majority of the participants indicated that they have access to medical staff. More male than female soccer players indicated access to medical staff (P=0,018). No correlation was found between access to medical staff and have gotten information about injury prevention training (P=0,45). 66% of the participants indicated that they were performing an IPP. The access to medical staff correlated to the performing of an IPP (P=0,04). Conclusion: Medical staff seems to have an impact when it comes to performing of an IPP. Further research is needed to motivate soccer teams to take advantage of medical staff with their injury prevention training.
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Schulz, Henry, Peter Wright, and Thomas Hauser. "Exercise, Sports and Health : Second Joint Research Conference in Chemnitz, Germany 09. - 11. September 2009." Technische Universität Chemnitz, 2011. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A19562.
Full textAbstract:
The Second Joint Research Conference of the Universities of Gloucestershire and Chemnitz took place at the Chemnitz University of Technology from 09th to 11th of September 2009. There were presenters from seven different nations in the lecture theatre. The very close partnership of the two institutions is characterised by a very active student exchange programme, joint teaching modules and some collaborative research which has been extended after the conference as well as several extracurricular guest lectures. In 2007 our friends from Gloucester invited us to our first joint conference and set the standard. The topics of the 2009 Conference were Public health and Sports with three main areas of interest:
1. Physiology and Biomechanics,
2. Philosophy and Social Science,
3. Prevention, Rehabilitation and Health Promotion.
Many interesting and inspiring presentations were given by colleagues, PhD students and research students. One example of inspiration was the Clem Burke Drumming Project (S. Draper and M. Smith), which we were kindly invited to join. This is an example par excellence on how to conduct international research by simply using existing resources and talking to each other. It caused huge interest among colleagues across the whole university that Chemnitz did not only follow the example of our colleagues in Gloucester, but also widened the research interest into the application of different types of drumming as a means of therapy. This was the beginning of the DRUM BEAT Project (P. Wright of the Chair of Sports Medicine). Furthermore, both universities - Chemnitz and Gloucester - are trying to establish outreaching programmes with local communities which have practical implications of research in the context of public health and/or health promotion. One of the presentations for instance referred to a concept called the Healthy Town Project Tewkesbury, a similar project is planned for Chemnitz called Healthy Community. These two outreaching programmes and other research synergies could be part of an attempt of both universities to establish stronger international research links and in this context also submitting joint proposals to funding agencies, i.e. the EU. Since this conference a joint EU research proposal was submitted by colleagues in Gloucester.
Also, talks were held on the topic of establishing a joint international degree. Understandably a project of this scale will take more than a couple of conferences and work on both sides is necessary and last but not least is also depending on the political and funding situation. However, first small step was taken after the conference by conducting a joint teaching module in the Ore Mountains /Saxony. Students from both institutions and colleagues conducted a research project comparing physiological and cognitive parameters of cross-country skiing and running. Social and intercultural processes were just as important during this winter camp. Some of the data is presented in this book. I trust that the colleagues of both universities do agree that this is an outstanding and very productive partnership with a lot of potential for future development and I am looking forward to many more joint schemes, projects and conferences to come - perhaps even an international degree.
Prof. Dr. Henry Schulz
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Africa, Eileen K. "Die invloed van 'n intervensieprogram op omkeerbare gesondheidsrisikofaktore by 'n geselekteerde groep adolessente dogters." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1446.
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Thesis (PhD (Sport Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.<br>The continued integration of our global society has caused a shift in human social interaction and redefined the contexts of adolescents’ lives. Adolescents are inundated with a variety of choices at a stage of their lives where they are trying to create their own identity. This critical period of development is highlighted by an increased desire to experiment with adult life. Thus is experimentation not uncommon.
The study examines the prevalence of a range of health risk behaviours amongst adolescent girls. It focuses on the identification of behaviours such as violence, smoking, alcohol and drug use and abuse, sexual behaviours, dietary behaviours and physical inactivity that place adolescents at increased risk for premature morbidity and mortality. An intervention programme was launched at the schools concerned in an effort to address these behaviour patterns and to inform learners regarding the dangers of these health risk factors.
The sample population was selected from three previously disadvantaged high schools in the Worcester region. Due to restrictive circumstances at the schools, the sample could not be randomly selected and therefore the study is based on a quasi-experimental research approach. A sample of 1805 adolescent girls in Grades 8 to 10 completed a questionnaire, which assessed a range of health risk behaviours. This questionnaire was based on the Youth Risk Behaviour Survey (YRBS) and completed by all the respondents during the pre-test. A control and experimental group was selected from the Grades concerned, at the different schools. The experimental group was subjected to a six-months long intervention programme. At the end of the intervention programme a post-test was conducted on both the control and experimental groups. Four months after the post-test the respondents were subjected to the same test, which is now known as the follow-up test. The girls who dropped out of the study as it progressed are referred to as the drop-out group.
Information regarding the socio-economic background of the girls, as well as permission to take part in the study, was obtained from the parents by means of a questionnaire. A self-designed questionnaire was used to obtain information regarding the state and status of Physical Education (PE) and movement programmes within Life Orientation at the schools. Teachers who were responsible for Grades 8, 9 and 10, completed the questionnaire.
To keep track of body size and growth, mass and length were determined and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Blood pressure was measured to determine to what extend these girls suffer from hypertension. Skinfold measures were taken to determine the fat percentage. The 20m shuttle run (Bleep test) was used to indirectly determine the physical activity levels of the respondents. The main results are discussed next.
The results indicate that more respondents in the post-test (64%) reported that learners carry weapons on school grounds than in the pre-test. According to the results 64% of the respondents indicated in the post-test that learners carry weapons on school grounds compared to 29% of the respondents in the follow-up test (p<0.01). The pre-tests results indicate that 11% of the respondents smoke cigarettes in comparison to 14% in the post-test (p<0.01). Approximately 9% of the respondents in the pre-test indicated that they drank at least one alcoholic drink in the week before the study was undertaken in comparison to the 22% of the post-test (p<0.01). Regarding the smoking of dagga 2% of the respondents indicated in the pre-test that they smoked dagga whereas 9% in the post-test indicated that they did. More sexual active respondents during the follow-up test (57%) indicated that they used condoms during their last sexual experience than in the post-test (46%). The results of the pre-test indicate that approximately 49% of the respondents did something to loose weight or to prevent weight-gain in comparison to the 25% of the post-test and the 31% of the follow-up test. According the results, 35% of the respondents purported to have PE at their school in comparison to 30% during the post-test and 54% during the follow-up test. Although there were some exceptions, in most cases a tendency existed that indicated an increase in the variables measured between the pre-test and post-test. In most cases the results remained constant between the post-test and the follow-up test.
This study can therefore be a starting point for further research into the process to combat health risk behaviours amongst adolescent girls. This can be done with educational programmes in cooperation with several role-players in the community.
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Svensson, Kalle, and Erik Gannby. "Prestationsförmåga efter skadeförebyggande övningar och generell uppvärmning : En jämförande experimentell studie." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-53839.
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Background: To perform general warm-up prior to athletics is widely recognized and has adocumented effect on performance. Lower extremity injuries are commonly occurring forsoccer, handball, volleyball, and floorball players. Injury prevention exercises decreases therisk for musculoskeletal injuries, supposing good compliance exists. Whether injurypreventive exercises may increase performance is to this day unclear. Aim: The aim of the study was to compare performance measured in vertical jump height ofathletes after injury preventive exercises and general warm-up. Methods: Experimental study with a cross-sectional design. 17 active soccer, handball,volleyball, and floorball players between 20-32 years were recruited through conveniencesampling. Data was collected occurred by measurement of maximal vertical height done bycountermovement jump (CMJ) on an electronic contact mat. Results: No statistically significant differences regarding vertical jump height wereidentified when comparing injury preventive exercises and general warm-up. Conclusion: The result from the study suggests that male soccer and handball players maybenefit from performing injury prevention exercises instead of general warm-up prior tomaximal vertical jumps due to the decreased risk for injury while the effects of general warmup still emerges. Further research within the subject is necessary to investigate whetherinjury prevention exercises may replace general warm-up prior to more complexperformances such as sports. Further research on others than male handball and soccerplayers should be conducted.
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Flingmark, Victor, and Jesper Brofjärd. "Uppfattningar om stretching vid långdistanslöpning : Ett perspektiv från såväl tränare som elitlöpare." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-25588.
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Syfte I dagsläget finns det forskning som ger underlag till evidens inom stretching och dess effekter på såväl prestation som skadeprevention. Det finns dock få studier som visar vilka uppfattningar löptränare och löpare har angående stretching. Syftet med studien var därför att beskriva vilka uppfattningar löptränare och elitlöpare har om stretching och dess eventuella effekter på såväl prestation som skadeprevention. Metod Undersökningen inkluderade fyra löptränare (män i åldrarna 30-60 år) och fyra elitlöpare (två kvinnliga respektive två manliga i 20-årsåldern) som valdes ut genom ett bekvämlighetsurval. De deltog i en halvstrukturerad intervju med primära frågor samt tilläggsfrågor enligt ett strukturerat intervjuprotokoll skapat av projektledarna. Varje intervju spelades in, transkriberades och analyserades med hjälp av fenomenografisk analysmetod. Resultat Löptränarnas och elitlöparnas uppfattningar om effekter av stretching var positiva angående såväl rörlighetsförmåga som skadeprevention. Deltagarna hade skilda uppfattningar vad gäller effekter på prestation, två löpare menade att stretching ger positiva effekter medan resterande deltagare uppfattade att stretching inte ger någon effekt. Slutsatser Löptränarna och elitlöparna hade överlag en positiv uppfattning om stretching i relation till skadeprevention vilket går helt emot den aktuella evidensen. Deltagarna uppfattade rörlighetsförmågan som viktig för långdistanslöpare vilket inte är bevisat i vetenskapliga studier. Det förelåg skillnader i uppfattningar om positiva effekter på prestationen vilket också indikerar kunskapsluckor angående stretching kopplat till prestationsförmågan. Det finns en tydlig kunskapsbrist inom området stretching trots att tränarna har en hög utbildningsnivå inom träning.<br>Purpose As of right now there is research that provides a foundation for evidence regarding stretching and its effects on performance as well as injury prevention. There is however few studies showing how running coaches and runners perceive stretching. The purpose of this study was therefore to describe how running coaches and elite runners perceive stretching and its potential effects on performance as well as injury prevention. Method The survey included four running coaches (men in the ages 30-60 years old) and four elite runners (two women and two men in their twenties) selected through a convenience survey. They participated in a semi-structured interview with primary questions and additional questions according to an organized interview protocol created by the project managers. Each interview was recorded, transcribed and analyzed with phenomenografic analyze method. Results The running coaches and the elite runners perceptions about stretching was positive regarding mobility as well as injury prevention. The participants had different perceptions regarding effects on performance, two runners and one coach suggested that stretching provides positive effects while the remaining participants perceived that stretching did not produce any effect. Conclusion The running coaches and the elite runners had an overall positive perception regarding stretching in relation to injury prevention which is completely opposite to the current evidence. The participants perceived mobility as something important for long-distance running which has not yet been proven in research studies. Positive effects on performance were perceived differently which also indicates a lack of knowledge regarding stretching and performance. There is a clear knowledge gap regarding stretching despite a high level of coaching education.
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Zaksaitė, Salomėja. "Cheating in sports: prevalence and prevention problems." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120131_092402-18128.
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In the dissertation the concept and attributes of cheating in sports are analyzed from the context of various legal and criminological paradigms; also the legal liability for illegal possession of doping and match-fixing is studied and how such liability might be applied in Lithuania and abroad. Moreover, the concept of prevention of cheating in sports is unfolded and the levels of prevention are introduced. The prevalence of two most dangerous forms of cheating in sports is analyzed; accordingly the data of empirical research are compared with foreign empirical data and scientific literature. The factors that contribute to cheating in sports are explained on the basis of various criminological-sociological theories and concrete recommendations that curb such factors are offered. The last part of dissertation is devoted for criminalization problems – in the end of thesis it is offered to criminalize illegal possession of prohibited substances and methods and manipulations of sports results.<br>Disertacijoje skirtingų teisinių ir kriminologinių paradigmų kontekste tiriama sukčiavimo sporto srityje samprata ir požymiai; teisės aktų, reglamentuojančių atsakomybę už dvi vienas iš pavojingiausių sukčiavimo sporto srityje formų – manipuliacijas sporto varžybų rezultatais ir dopingo vartojimą, – kūrimo ir taikymo praktika tarptautiniu ir nacionaliniu mastu. Taip pat atskleidžiama sukčiavimo sporto srityje prevencijos samprata ir prevencijos lygmenys. Analizuojamas dviejų pavojingiausių sukčiavimo sporto srityje formų paplitimas Lietuvoje, atitinkami empirinio tyrimo duomenys lyginami su kitose šalyse atliktų tyrimų duomenimis bei moksline literatūra. Kriminologinių-sociologinių teorijų kontekste atskleidžiami veiksniai, sąlygojantys sukčiavimą sporto srityje, ir pasiūlomos konkrečios prevencijos strategijos, kuriomis būtų siekiama tokius veiksnius neutralizuoti. Disertacijos paskutinė dalis skirta sukčiavimo sporto srityje kriminalizavimo problemoms – jos pabaigoje siūloma kriminalizuoti neteisėtą disponavimą sporte draudžiamomis medžiagomis ir metodais bei manipuliacijas sporto varžybų rezultatais.
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Richards, Justin A. "Evaluating the impact of a sport-for-development intervention on the physical and mental health of young adolescents in Gulu, Uganda - a post-conflict setting within a low-income country." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9632dcfc-94e6-45ac-a4c1-ad63113f9b59.
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Introduction: Physical inactivity is thought to contribute to the emergence of non-communicable diseases in post-conflict settings of low-income countries. Sport-for-development (SfD) organisations in these regions claim to improve the health of programme participants. However, there is a paucity of supporting evidence. I assessed the impact of a voluntary community-based SfD intervention on the physical activity (PA), physical fitness (PF) and mental health (MH) of adolescents in Gulu, Uganda. Methods: The Acholi Psychosocial Assessment Instrument (APAI), standing broad jump (SBJ), multi-stage fitness test (MSFT) and BMI-for-age (BFA) were adapted to the local context. I tested their feasibility and reliability with a repeat-measures design (n=70). A cross-sectional analysis of a random sample was used to assess the local needs and establish the PF and MH of the adolescents reached by the intervention (n=1464). This was also the baseline assessment for the impact evaluation. It comprised a randomised control trial (n=144) nested within a cohort study (n=1400) and triangulated by cross-sectional assessment of PA using accelerometry (n=54). Results: The adapted PF and MH measures demonstrated good intra-tester reliability (ICC>0.75). Adolescents in Gulu predominantly had “healthy” BFA (>90%). They performed better than global norms for the SBJ (p<0.001), but worse for the MSFT (p<0.05). The girls who registered for the intervention had higher PF at baseline (p<0.05) and experienced no significant benefits when compared to the community. The aerobic capacity of the boys intervention group increased relative to the community (p<0.01), but was not significantly different to the trial control group whose PF also improved. The PA results concurred with this finding. Boys in the intervention group experienced a deterioration in MH relative to their peers (p<0.05). Implications: It is feasible to apply rigorous evaluation methods to SfD interventions. Although adolescents in Gulu have poor aerobic capacity, a voluntary programme may not reach those at risk. Interpreting the impact evaluation was limited by a lack of programme development theory, but suggested that opportunities for non-competitive play may confer PF benefit without harming MH. Further investigation is warranted.
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Smigmator, Steven. "Prevention of adolescent sports-related traumatic brain injury education." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527416.
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Schomacker, Travis. "Prevention of Ankle Sprains." Otterbein University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=otbn1594309347027123.
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MacKay, Gordon M. "The mechanism and prevention of injury in soccer." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1996. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3920/.
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The study was designed to provide an overview and a unique insight into the musculoskeletal demands of the professional footballer in Scotland. It can be concluded that preseason training, although non competitive, is a period of high risk and its contents must be re-examined. Emphasis should be placed on injury prevention, especially from overload and overuse injuries, to ensure peak performance and team stability. During season 1993-1994, 30 players (8.8%) required surgery and shared a total of 33 operations. Almost 1 in 10 players, therefore, required surgery during the season with all that entails. Not surprisingly, knee surgery was the commonest procedure, with 13 operations being performed on 11 players. Two players initially had arthroscopic examinations and subsequently required further reconstructive procedures. Surprisingly, the next most frequent operation was that of groin or hernia repair (6). Interestingly, 68% (23) of injuries requiring surgery during season 1993-1994 occurred during training, rather than as a result of a competitive match. This was confirmed when the mechanism of injury was assessed in detail, as 25 (75%) of injuries which required surgery were non contact. Of the 14 players requiring knee surgery, it is of concern that 6 (44.8%) of these players had previously required knee surgery, although there was no strong statistical evidence of an association (Fisher's exact test, p=0.094). Of the 342 players studied for the full season, 56 had reported previous knee surgery. Therefore, 19% of players who had previously had knee surgery required further surgery which would merit further research. There was also no strong evidence that the proportion of players requiring surgery differs for the different positions (Chi-squared=4.446, df=2, p=0.108). This study has provided a unique insight into the musculoskeletal demands of professional football. The mechanism and prevention of injury in soccer, has been studied in detail. This will provide a rational basis for future planning in the hope of optimising performance and minimising injury and its recurrence in soccer.
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Hunter, Kareema A. "Prevention of Adolescent Interpersonal Violence Victimization: The Role of Sports Participation." restricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12062007-174139/.
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Thesis (M.P.H.)--Georgia State University, 2007.<br>Title from file title page. Ike Okosun, committee chair; Volkan Topalli, Rita Noonan, committee members. Electronic text (53 p. : col. ill.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Mar. 25, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-52).
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Thomas, Kathryn. "South African rugby coaches' knowledge of the prevention, identification and management of concussion." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11239.
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Includes bibliographical references.<br>The incidence of concussion injuries is high irrespective of player ability, from professional to semi-professional and schoolboy rugby players. Concussion injuries are considered difficult to diagnose, particularly in an on field environment, and are often under-reported or unrecognised. In the South African setting medical professionals are often not present at practices and matches and coaches are therefore often required to identify and manage concussed players. Previous studies have identified that the risk of concussion may be reduced through coach education and subsequent implementation of skills training and the education of players. The aim of the study is to determine South African rugby coaches’ knowledge of the prevention, identification and management of concussion.
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Fisher, Julia Marguerite. "Revealing complexities within flat-water kayaking: injury prevention and biomechanical analysis." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16522.
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Includes bibliographical references<br>Elite kayakers are required to perform repetitive movements that create strength and flexibility asymmetries in their bodies, making them susceptible to injury. The first portion of this thesis is dedicated to investigating whether a supervised, corrective pre-habilitation programme of the kinetic chain, conducted twice a week for 10 weeks, would reduce these predisposing factors. A group of 19 marathon paddlers were assessed before and after the intervention, with nine of them receiving the intervention. The 10-week intervention programme was found to significantly improve scapular position and kinesis, thoracic spine extension and single arm pulling ability, thus suggesting improved shoulder function and reduced risk of injury. The second portion of the thesis involved novel biomechanical analysis of kayaking on the water and on a kayaking-ergometer. It is the first objective description of the three dimensional movements of the kayak in the literature. Sprint and marathon paddlers performed a 180 metre time trial using an instrumented paddle with an accelerometer and gyroscope attached to the boat for analysis of boat movement characteristics and paddler-generated forces. Similar patterns for paddle torque, boat acceleration and pitch were observed between male sprint paddlers and male marathon paddlers. However, the direction and timing of the roll and the yaw of the boat during the water phase of the kayak stroke differed between these groups of paddlers. In addition, substantial individual variation existed within the group of male marathon paddlers. On the kayaking ergometer, activation patterns of the trunk and pelvic muscles were measured using electromyography during a maximal 200 metre time trial. Gluteus medius, lower trapezius and erector spinae were measured for the first time in maximal kayaking. The latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major and external oblique muscles were more active during the contralateral phase than has previously been reported. When these paddlers performed a single arm pull test on the same day, the muscle activation patterns changed, and muscle groups were active according to their anatomical function and what has previously been described. First, variation of movement, flexibility and segmental training of the kinetic chain may be advantageous when incorporated with kayaking training to prevent shoulder injury risk factors in paddlers. Second, individual evaluation of three-dimensional boat kinematics and muscle recruitment timing provides objective insight into an individual's kayak technique, with potential benefits for improving technical performance and mechanical efficiency.
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Zaksaitė, Salomėja. "Sukčiavimo sporto srityje paplitimas ir prevencijos problemos." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120131_092352-30742.
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Disertacijoje skirtingų teisinių ir kriminologinių paradigmų kontekste tiriama sukčiavimo sporto srityje samprata ir požymiai; teisės aktų, reglamentuojančių atsakomybę už dvi vienas iš pavojingiausių sukčiavimo sporto srityje formų – manipuliacijas sporto varžybų rezultatais ir dopingo vartojimą, – kūrimo ir taikymo praktika tarptautiniu ir nacionaliniu mastu. Taip pat atskleidžiama sukčiavimo sporto srityje prevencijos samprata ir prevencijos lygmenys. Analizuojamas dviejų pavojingiausių sukčiavimo sporto srityje formų paplitimas Lietuvoje, atitinkami empirinio tyrimo duomenys lyginami su kitose šalyse atliktų tyrimų duomenimis bei moksline literatūra. Kriminologinių-sociologinių teorijų kontekste atskleidžiami veiksniai, sąlygojantys sukčiavimą sporto srityje, ir pasiūlomos prevencinės strategijos, kuriomis būtų siekiama tokius veiksnius neutralizuoti. Disertacijos paskutinė dalis skirta sukčiavimo sporto srityje kriminalizavimo problemoms – jos pabaigoje siūloma kriminalizuoti neteisėtą disponavimą sporte draudžiamomis medžiagomis ir metodais bei manipuliacijas sporto varžybų rezultatais.<br>In the dissertation the concept and attributes of cheating in sports are analyzed from the context of various legal and criminological paradigms; also the legal liability for illegal possession of doping and match-fixing is studied and how such liability might be applied in Lithuania and abroad. Moreover, the concept of prevention of cheating in sports is unfolded and the levels of prevention are introduced. The prevalence of two most dangerous forms of cheating in sports is analyzed; accordingly the data of empirical research are compared with foreign empirical data and scientific literature. The factors that contribute to cheating in sports are explained on the basis of various criminological-sociological theories and concrete recommendations that curb such factors are offered. The last part of dissertation is devoted for criminalization problems – in the end of thesis it is offered to criminalize illegal possession of prohibited substances and methods and manipulations of sports results.
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Govender, Ugendrie. "South African physiotherapists' knowledge of the prevention, diagnosis and management of sports-related conccussion." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3016.
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Dowling, Thomas J. III. "Acute and lasting effects of concussion in sports: diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and prevention." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/21146.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University<br>Sports-related concussions are a very large public health concern and have only recently been brought into the national spotlight, thanks largely to the increased media coverage following the deaths of several current and former players of the National Football League (NFL). This problem extends not only to professional athletes, but reaches down through college, high school and to our youth athletes as well. The symptoms resulting from concussion are diverse and include both acute and long-term effects, and could have particularly debilitating effects on the developing brains of young athletes. Various neurocognitive deficits, as well as neurodegenerative diseases such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) have been associated with concussions. Research about both the short and long-term effects of concussions has been growing in recent years, and will continue to grow as advanced neuroimaging tools and biomarkers become better developed. This will improve diagnostic capabilities, result in better prognoses, as well as treatments and prevention. This review analyzes current literature in order to evaluate the lasting impacts of sports-related concussions. By showing the effects of sports-related concussions, especially on the developing brain, policy changes aimed at the prevention of concussion in sports will be suggested, specifically in terms of mitigating the adverse effects of concussions on brain development.
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Haithem, Nasr. "Facilitators and barriers influencing the implementation of injury prevention strategies among clubs at the University of the Western Cape." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6483.
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Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio)<br>Introduction: The majority of University of the Western Cape coaches believe that in most sport codes, many female and male athletes get injured at least once a season. Consequently, occurrence of injuries signifies many set-backs in any team sports. University of the Western Cape sports injury intervention and rehabilitation strategies are relatively under-developed, and have not been systematically implemented, despite their proven effectiveness. However, due to intensive training, local and national league competitions, the number of injured athletes at University of the Western Cape has increased, and so delays of athletes’ recovery are caused. Thus, it is assumed that University of the Western Cape efforts may have lack of the necessary injury precautions on prevention and rehabilitation such as proactive injury treatment, paying special attention to the therapeutic process, including other necessary mechanisms. The current study has explored facilitating factors and some of the barriers on the implementation of injury prevention strategies, and determined the effectiveness of rehabilitation within University of the Western Cape sport teams in views of athletes, coaches, and medical staff.
Methods: This study used a sequential exploratory design which entailed an initial phase of quantitative data collection and analysis, followed by a phase of qualitative data collection and analysis. This study used a close-ended survey and semi-structured interviews to identify the barriers and facilitators associated with the implementation of injury prevention strategies among sports clubs at the University of the Western Cape.
Results: Data were collected on the general knowledge of players and team coaches about injury prevention as well as their sources of information regarding injury prevention. Football players were 49.5% while 15.8% were basketball players in this study. Cricket players were 10.9% while rugby players were 9.9%. Sources of players’ knowledge of injury prevention included doctor/physiotherapist, coaches and the media. Sources of coaches’ knowledge of injury prevention included doctor/physiotherapist, media and seminars. Most players and coaches agreed that there is a greater chance of sustaining an injury during a competitive match than during training. Players and coaches also agree that the risk of injury is reduced by wearing preferred protective clothing and thoroughly warming up and stretching prior to training or competition. Barriers to the implementation of an injury prevention strategy include not having enough time, being too tired after training, no advice given on such techniques, the notion that nobody else does it and lack of proper equipment. Facilitators of an injury prevention strategy include availability of medical staff (doctors and physiotherapists), players’ understanding of the coach’s instructions, and injury prevention facilities at University of the Western Cape, services accessibility and quality, injury discovery and follow-up, and injury prevention policy at University of the Western Cape.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations were made: (i) Intervention directed at players and coaches in the form of health promotion programmes through education to increase their knowledge and support in implementation of all prevention strategies either in training or in competition; (ii) Governing bodies at University of the Western Cape should develop and disseminate written sports safety policies and guidelines and supervise clubs in their development programmes.
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Howatson, Glyn. "Eccentric exercise and muscle damage : treatment, prevention and cross-education." Thesis, Kingston University, 2005. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20368/.
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Eccentric biased muscular contractions, when compared to concentric and isometric muscle actions have a number of benefits, which include greater hypertrophy, increased strength and a reduced metabolic cost at any given intensity. The literature has reported the benefits of eccentric contractions in a variety of populations, which include exercisers, athletes, geriatric and chronically diseased communities. However, eccentric contractions can result in temporary exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) that reduces function and causes soreness. Consequently, a number of interventions, such as post-exercise therapies and prior exercise have been used in an attempt to attenuate the negative effects of this muscle action. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to provide novel data to expand the existing body of knowledge and investigate a cryotherapeutic intervention that may attenuate the symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage. Furthermore, this work examines the adaptation to prior exercise (the repeated bout effect) in the ipsilateral and contralateral limbs to provide additional novel data to elucidate the possible mechanisms responsible for adaptation. Study 1: The aims of the first study were to investigate the effects of repeated applications of ice massage on the markers of muscle damage using a within-subject, cross-over design and to examine the effects on muscle function during static and dynamic contractions. The results suggest that ice massage does not reduce any of the signs or symptoms of EIMD after high intensity eccentric exercise, nor does it return the function of static or dynamic muscle actions following a damaging bout of exercise. Study 2: The aims of this investigation were firstly, to determine the reliability of functional testing and the associated surface EMG signal on five consecutive days, and secondly to elucidate the reliability and precision of other dependent measures commonly used in the assessment of muscle damage following a bout of eccentric contractions. All variables displayed good reliability and therefore may be appropriate to examine longitudinal changes as a result of a damaging protocol. Study 3: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the magnitude of the repeated bout effect (RBE) from high and low volume maximal eccentric exercise followed by a high volume bout of maximal eccentric exercise after full recovery from the initial bout (two weeks later). There were no differences in dependent variables between groups in the repeated bout, indicating that the magnitude of the RBE is similar following initial low and high volume bouts of maximal eccentric exercise, which was attributable, at least in part, to changes in electromyographic frequency content. The initial high volume bout did however result in greater EIMD than the initial low volume bout; in addition, the magnitude of change from the initial bout was more profound after high volume exercise. Study 4: The aims of this investigation were to elucidate the existence of a contralateral RBE in the upper limb and to compare the magnitude of change to an ipsilateral model, which had been previously been established in Study 3. Significant differences in some variables provide evidence that a repeated bout effect is evident in the contralateral limb after a single bout of eccentric exercise. This adaptation appears to be mediated by neural mechanisms, as there is no direct stimulus for change from the initial bout to the contralateral homologous muscle group. The magnitude of change between contralateral and ipsilateral models was different for some variables suggesting that the RBE is not as profound in contralateral homologous muscle as in the ipsilateral model. These investigations provide additional novel data on interventions used to combat the negative effects of eccentric contractions and temporary EIMD. In particular, Study 4 has shown that adaptation occurs in the contralateral homologous muscle group, which has implications for a variety of populations and also for future research study design. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the exact mechanisms responsible for the repeated bout effect.
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Castor, Thomas Scott. "Presidents’ Perceptions of Alcohol Policies for College Sporting Events." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1596800259420003.
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Moolla, Mahomed Ebrahim. "The role of anti-oxidants in the prevention of post-race upper respiratory tract infection." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26558.
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Several epidemiological reports suggest that athletes engaging in marathon-type running events are at increased risk of symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). A possible explanation for this increased susceptibility is that during prolonged, strenuous exercise, production of immunosuppressive oxygen free radicals is increased. The purpose of this study therefore was to examine the effect of anti-oxidant vitamin supplementation on the incidence and severity of post-race symptoms of URTI's among athletes competing in a 90-kilometer ultramarathon footrace. A double blind, randomised, placebo controlled study design was employed. Eighty-five subjects were divided into three experimental and three control groups. Each athlete selected a non-running partner with whom they were paired. This non-running control was of a similar age and was a member of the same household or otherwise closely associated with the runner. The experimental and control groups were divided into those ingesting 250 mg/day of ascorbic acid (n = 13 runners, 11 non-running controls), or 4.5 mg/day of beta-carotene (n = 12 runners, 11 non-running controls) or placebo (n = 19 runners and 19 nonrunning controls). All groups commenced supplementation six weeks before the ultramarathon and continued for two weeks after the race. The runners and non-running controls experienced the same incidence of symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections during the study period (50% and 53% respectively) but significantly more runners than non-running controls experienced severe symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections of infective origin (45% and 18% respectively, p < 0.01). Of the runners, 30. 8% on supplemental ascorbic acid, 41. 7% on beta-carotene and 68% on placebo developed symptoms of URTI's. The comparative figures for non-running controls were 45.5%, 45.5% and 63% respectively. All of the non-running controls (100%) and 80% of the athletes who developed severe symptoms of URTIs were on placebo medication. Al though post-race symptoms of URTI 's are common in distance runners, prolonged, strenuous exercise itself is only one of a number of risk factors for symptoms of URTI. However, ingestion of supplemental anti-oxidant in the form of ascorbic acid or beta-carotene for an eight-week period before and after an endurance running event significantly decreases the severity of athletes' symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections.
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Jang, Siwon. "The Relationship between High School Coaches' Beliefs about Sports Injury and Prevention Practice Readiness." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4694.
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Although sports and other forms of physical activities are associated with numerous health benefits, adolescent sports injury has emerged as an important public health problem. As the most immediate caregivers for athletes, coaches are expected to play an important role in preventing and reducing injuries, -considering that sports medical staff, such as athletic trainers are not always available to care for athletes. However, research on coaches' beliefs and practices related to injury prevention has been limited to coaching competency issues, in which injury prevention is considered only one component. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to describe the coaches' beliefs and knowledge pertaining to sports injury and their readiness for injury prevention practice to be incorporated into high school settings. The research questions are: (1) What are the coaches' beliefs and knowledge related to sports injury and their readiness for injury prevention practice?; (2) What are the relationships between coaches' beliefs and knowledge pertaining to sports injury and readiness for injury prevention practice?; and (3) What are the differences in coach-related factors between the coaches who have medical staff and those who do not? The participants in the study had average to low perceptions regarding injuries on their team. The knowledge score related to sports injury was not high. However, a majority of the coaches showed strong beliefs in favor of implementing injury prevention interventions as an effective way to prevent and reduce sports injuries. Supporting previous studies, the present study revealed strong associations between self-efficacy and the injury prevention behaviors assessed. It was also found that coaches who employed medical staff were approximately four times more likely to provide injury prevention programs to their athletes and have emergency plans. Findings from this study will provide a broader understanding of coaches' perceptions regarding sports injury, injury prevention interventions conducted by coaches, and the implications for developing quality coaching programs and policies to prevent and reduce sports injuries.
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Schagerlund, Theo. "Överbelastningsskador och asymmetrisk effektutveckling inom ishockey." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-35628.
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Problemområdet som det här examensarbetet undersöker är frekvensen av överbelastningsskador inom ishockey genom en casestudie med ishockeyklubben ’Malmö Redhawks’. Tidigare forskning har visat att det finns en samband mellan asymmetrisk effektutveckling och överbelastningsskador i andra sporter och den nuvarande studien avser att förtydliga dess roll inom ishockey. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan asymmetrisk effektutveckling vid tävlingsprestation och frekvensen av överbelastningsskador inom ishockey, och föreslå strategier gällande hur man kan minska skadefrekvensen genom preventivt arbete. Forskningsfrågorna som ligger till grund för studien är: ”Hur har asymmetrisk effektutveckling påverkat de överbelastningsskador som inträffat under säsongen?”; och ”Vilka fysiologiska faktorer är relevanta när man utvecklar riktlinjer för skadepreventivt arbetet med överbelastningsskador inom ishockey?”. För att undersöka syftet genomfördes en sammanställning av tillgänglig empiri från säsongens matcher genom kvantitativ metod som sedan analyserades statistiskt i SPSS genom variansanalysen ’ANOVA’. Resultaten visar att det på gruppnivå inte finns en signifikant korrelation mellan effektutveckling (F=2,554, sig.=0,11), asymmetri (F=0,003, sig.=0,96) och överbelastningsskador. Det finns inte heller någon påvisbar trend när man undersöker skadetillfällena på matchnivå, och en mer komplett förklaringsmodell behöver undersökas i framtida forskningsprojekt med större omfattning. Slutsatsen är att det inte går att använda de generella riktlinjerna för att uppskatta atleters risk för överbelastningsskador. Det finns dock underlag i den tidigare forskningen för att anta att individuella riktlinjer har en relevans vid skadepreventivt arbete inom ishockey som en atlets nuläge kan jämföras med för att belysa avvikelser. Mer forskning krävs för att fastställa vilka fysiologiska faktorer som är relevanta för ishockey och hur idrotten förhåller sig till den tidigare forskningen inom området.<br>There has been speculations in the scientific community that the frequency of overuse injuries in ice hockey can be attributed in part to asymmetrical power development. Research has shown a correlation between more than ten percent asymmetrical power development and increased injury frequency in several other sports. This phenomenon will be examined through a case study with the elite ice hockey team ‘Malmö Redhawks’. The purpose of this study is to examine if there is a significant correlation between the occurrence of asymmetrical differences and the frequency of overuse injuries in ice hockey, and propose strategies for injury prevention. A quantitative method was used to summarize the empirical data from the previous season, which was then analysed through an ‘ANOVA’ test of variance. The results of the study shows that there is no significant correlation between power development (F=2,554, sig.=0,11), asymmetry (F=0,003, sig.=0,96) and injury frequency at the group level. There is no clear tendencies when examining the individual games either. The conclusion is that general guidelines are rough instruments for assessing an athletes risk of overuse injury in ice hockey. There is some basis in the scientific community for assuming that individual guidelines could be effective as injury prevention, but more research is needed to determine its correlations and which physiological variables that are relevant.
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Curtis, Vernon Glen Lagrotteria. "Incidence of football injuries in different age groups at a professional football club." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7312_1205416141.
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<p>Football is the most popular sport in the world, and it continues to have a progressive annual increase in the number of active players and the number of games played per season, which in turn, leads to an increase in the frequency of injuries. Football is extensively researched worldwide, however, some current studies confirm that the results on football injury factors are limited, as well as inconsistent and incomplete. The main aim of this study was to examine interrelating factors of football injuries through the various age groups at a designated football club. The study aimed to expose the injury risk factors and patterns present in the various age groups.</p>
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Finianos, Boutros. "The effects of a 1-year recreational football protocol on bone mineral density and physical performance parameters in a group of healthy inactive 50 years old men." Thesis, Littoral, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021DUNK0575.
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Les buts de cette thèse de doctorat étaient d'explorer les relations entre plusieurs paramètres de performance physique et les paramètres osseux chez un groupe d'homme cinquantenaires, de comparer les indices de résistance osseuse du col fémoral chez un groupe d'homme cinquantenaires inactifs et des anciens joueurs de football de même âge et d'explorer les effets d'un an de football récréatif sur la densité minérale osseuse et les paramètres de performance physique chez un groupe d'hommes cinquantenaires. Trois principales études ont été menées. La première étude a démontré que la VO₂ max (L/min), la masse maigre et la puissance maximale des membres inférieurs sont les meilleurs déterminants des paramètres osseux chez les hommes cinquantenaires. La deuxième étude a démontré que l'ancienne pratique du football est associée à une augmentation des indices de résistance osseuse du col fémoral chez les hommes cinquantenaires. La troisième étude a démontré que le CMO CE, la DMO CF, le CSMI, le CSI, le BSI et l'ISI ont augmenté dans les deux groupes expérimentaux (RF30 et RF60) mais pas dans le groupe témoin. Les pourcentages de variation des paramètres osseux et des performances physiques n'étaient pas significativement différents entre les deux groupes expérimentaux. Le football récréatif est une méthode efficace pour l'amélioration des paramètres de santé osseuse chez les hommes cinquantenaires<br>The aim of this PhD thesis were to explore the relationships between several physical performance variables and bone parameters in a group of middle-aged men, to compare composite indices of femoral neck strength in inactive middle-aged men and ages-matched former football players and to explore the effects of a 1-year recreational football protocol on bone mineral density and physical performance parameters in a group of healthy inactive 50-year-old men. Three main studies have been conducted. The first study has shown that VO₂ max (L/min), lean mass and maximum power of the lower limbs are the strongest determinants of bone variables in middle-aged men. The second study has shown that former footbal practice is associated with higher composite indices of femoral neck strength in middle-aged men. The third study has demonstrated that WB BMC, FN BMD, CSMI, CSI, BSI and ISI increased in both experimental groups (RF30 and RF60) but not in the control group. The percentages of variations in bone health parameters and in physical performance variables were not significantly different in both experimental groups. Recreational football is an effective method to improve bone health in middle-aged men