Journal articles: 'Price quote'

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KIM, SUNG-HUN, and JOSEPH P. OGDEN. "INCORPORATING PRICE-RELEVANT INFORMATION BETWEEN QUOTES AND TRADES: A NEW MEASURE OF THE EFFECTIVE BID-ASK SPREAD." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 02, no. 02 (April 1999): 179–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024999000121.

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This paper provides a new measure of the effective bid-ask spread in a dealer-auction. Our measure differs from the "quote-to-trade" measures derived from direct comparisons of trade prices with bid and ask quotes by explicitly incorporating the price effect of information arriving between the time a set of quotes is posted and the next trade, which will tend to be reflected in the trade price but not in the quotes, as well as the price effect in the situation vice versa. For NYSE/AMEX stocks in 1993, our measure yields estimates of the effective spread that are lower than estimates obtained using the quote-to-trade measure, and our estimates are, on average, only 31 percent of the quoted spread. We also find a U-shaped intraday pattern for our estimates of effective spread that is consistent with, but is much more pronounced than, the pattern that has been observed in previous studies. We provide a conjecture as to why this pattern may be related to the U-shaped intraday pattern observed in volume and volatility.

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Maynard, Leigh J., Carl R. Dillon, and Joy Carter. "Go Ahead, Count Your Chickens: Cross-Hedging Strategies in the Broiler Industry." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 33, no. 1 (April 2001): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800020794.

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AbstractSome suppliers of broilers without giblets (WOG) offer customers a choice between paying Urner Barry's WOG quote or a formula price based on futures prices. From a buyer's perspective, the formula price examined in this study is second-degree stochastic dominant. The formula price allows the seller to set perfect cross-hedges of WOGs with corn and soymeal. Stochastic dominance and mean variance results suggested that the seller's dominant strategy would shift from the Urner Barry quote to the hedged formula price as risk aversion increased. Input-based formula pricing may be usefully extended to other industries.

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Smyth, Niall A., Vaishnavi Krishnan, Johnathon R. McCormick, Jonathan R. Kaplan, and Amiethab A. Aiyer. "Consumer Prices for Surgical Management of End-Stage Hallux Rigidus." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 2473011419S0007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011419s00071.

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Category: Midfoot/Forefoot, Healthcare economics Introduction/Purpose: Hallux rigidus is the most prevalent arthritic condition of the foot. Treatment of end-stage disease traditionally consists of a first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) arthrodesis, however the use of a synthetic cartilage implant is becoming more common. With the high prevalence of disease and implementation of new treatment modalities, healthcare consumers should be aware of the costs associated with management. The purpose of this study was to determine access to the cost and variability in price of first MTPJ arthrodesis and synthetic cartilage implantation. Methods: Forty academic centers were contacted using a standardized patient script. The patient was a 59-year-old female who had failed conservative treatment of hallux rigidus. Each institution was contacted up to three times in an attempt to obtain a full bundled operative quote for a first MTPJ arthrodesis and synthetic cartilage implantation. Results: Twenty centers (50%) provided a quote for first MTPJ arthrodesis and 15 centers (38%) provided a quote for synthetic cartilage implantation. Only 14 centers (35%) were able to provide a quote for both procedures. The mean bundled price for MTPJ arthrodesis was $21,767 (range, $8,417 – $39,265). The mean bundled price for synthetic cartilage implantation was $21,546 (range, $4,903 – $74,145). There was no statistically significant difference between the bundled price for first MTPJ arthrodesis and synthetic cartilage implantation. Conclusion: There was limited availability of consumer prices for first MTPJ arthrodesis and synthetic implantation, therefore impeding healthcare consumers’ decision making. There was a wide range of quotes for both procedures, indicating potential cost savings.

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Smyth, Niall A., Vaishnavi Krishnan, Johnathon R. McCormick, Jonathan R. Kaplan, and Amiethab A. Aiyer. "Consumer Prices for Surgical Management of End-Stage Hallux Rigidus." Foot & Ankle Specialist 13, no. 4 (June 6, 2019): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1938640019846966.

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Background. Hallux rigidus is the most prevalent arthritic condition of the foot. Treatment of end-stage disease traditionally consists of a first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) arthrodesis; however, the use of a synthetic cartilage implant is becoming more common. With the high prevalence of disease and implementation of new treatment modalities, health care consumers should be aware of the costs associated with management. The purpose of this study was to determine access to the cost and variability in price of first MTPJ arthrodesis and synthetic cartilage implantation. Methods. Forty academic centers were contacted using a standardized patient script. The patient was a 59-year-old female who had failed conservative treatment of hallux rigidus. Each institution was contacted up to 3 times in an attempt to obtain a full bundled operative quote for a first MTPJ arthrodesis and synthetic cartilage implantation. Results. Twenty centers (50%) provided a quote for first MTPJ arthrodesis and 15 centers (38%) provided a quote for synthetic cartilage implantation. Only 14 centers (35%) were able to provide a quote for both procedures. The mean bundled price for MTPJ arthrodesis was $21 767 (range $8417 to $39 265). The mean bundled price for synthetic cartilage implantation was $21 546 (range $4903 to $74 145). There was no statistically significant difference between the bundled price for first MTPJ arthrodesis and synthetic cartilage implantation. Conclusions. There was limited availability of consumer prices for first MTPJ arthrodesis and synthetic implantation, thus impeding health care consumers’ decision making. There was a wide range of quotes for both procedures, indicating potential cost savings. Levels of Evidence: IV, basic science

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Mann, Steven V., and Pradipkumar Ramanlal. "THE DEALERS' PRICE/SIZE QUOTE AND MARKET LIQUIDITY." Journal of Financial Research 19, no. 2 (June 1996): 243–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6803.1996.tb00596.x.

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Cordella, Tito, and Thierry Foucault. "Minimum Price Variations, Time Priority, and Quote Dynamics." Journal of Financial Intermediation 8, no. 3 (July 1999): 141–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jfin.1999.0266.

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Smyth, Niall, Brody Dawkins, Joshua Goldstein, Jonathan Kaplan, and Amiethab Aiyer. "Consumer Prices for Surgical Management of Ankle Arthritis." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 3, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 2473011418S0045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011418s00456.

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Category: Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: In the United States alone there are over 50,000 new cases of ankle arthritis every year. The financial healthcare burden for surgical management of ankle arthritis likely continues to rise with the volume of total ankle replacements (TAR) increasing 100-fold over the last 20 years. Healthcare consumers however are generally unaware of the costs of the services they use. Understanding the costs associated with operative management of ankle arthritis is an important facet of patient care although access to this information may not be readily available. The purpose of this study was to determine the access to the surgical cost of TARs and ankle arthrodesis and the variability of the cost between the two procedures. Methods: 50 foot and ankle centers (25 academic, 25 private) that perform TARs and ankle arthrodeses were contacted using a standardized patient script. The described patient was a healthy 63-year-old male who had failed conservative treatment of ankle arthritis. Each institution was contacted up to three times to attempt to obtain a full bundled operative quote for a TAR and an ankle arthrodesis. Results: 21 centers (42%, 14 academic, 7 private) were able to provide a quote for a TAR and ankle arthrodesis. The mean bundled price for a TAR was $50,332 (SD +/- $25,744) with the mean academic and private center quote being $56,529 and $37,937 respectively. The mean bundled price for an ankle arthrodesis was $41,756 (SD +/- $26,033) with the mean academic and private center quote being $48,116 and $29,037 respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the bundled price for TAR and ankle arthrodesis. Conclusion: There was limited availability of consumer prices for TAR and ankle arthrodesis thus hindering healthcare consumers’ decision making. When comparing different institutions for surgical management of ankle arthritis, there was a wide range of quotes for both TAR and ankle arthrodesis. When comparing the choice of surgical management for ankle arthritis, there was no difference in price between TAR and ankle arthrodesis.

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Snell, Andy, and Ian Tonks. "Determinants of Price Quote Revisions on the London Stock Exchange." Economic Journal 105, no. 428 (January 1995): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2235320.

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Handa, Puneet, Robert Schwartz, and Ashish Tiwari. "Quote setting and price formation in an order driven market." Journal of Financial Markets 6, no. 4 (August 2003): 461–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1386-4181(02)00041-1.

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Flood, Mark D., Ronald Huisman, Kees G. Koedijk, and Ronald J. Mahieu. "Quote Disclosure and Price Discovery in Multiple-Dealer Financial Markets." Review of Financial Studies 12, no. 1 (January 1999): 37–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/12.1.37.

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Araujo, Julia P., and Mauro Rodrigues. "Evidence on search costs under hyperinflation in Brazil: The effect of Plano Real." Brazilian Review of Econometrics 40, no. 1 (August 17, 2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/bre.v40n12020.80912.

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Plano Real put an end to hyperinflation in 1994 and significantly altered price-setting behavior in Brazil. This paper investigates the impact of Plano Real on search frictions. We estimate a nonsequential search model for homogeneous goods to structurally retrieve consumers' search costs. The dataset comprises 11,673 store-level price quotes collected from 1993 to 1995 by FIPE to calculate the Consumer Price Index (CPI) in the city of São Paulo. The strategy consists of using Plano Real as a structural breakpoint in the data. We estimate the model splitting the data into before (Jan-93 to Jun-94) and after (Aug-94 to Dec-95) the plan, and we find evidence on first-order stochastic dominance of the search-cost distribution of the former into the latter; that is, search costs are higher during hyperinflation. The majority of consumers search only once or twice before buying an item, but this share is marginally higher during hyperinflation (84% vs 79%). In addition, after Plano Real, a larger share of consumers are willing to quote prices in all stores before committing to a purchase. We also document evidence of the effect of the plan on shrinking price-cost margins. When searching is less costly, stores lose market power.

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Bihani, Pankaj, and Amalesh Bhowal. "CUSTOMER COST - SECOND IMPORTANT FACTOR FOR IMAGE GAP ANALYSIS OF LIFE INSURANCE SERVICES - BASED ON THE DATA COLLECTION FROM GUWAHATI." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 3 (March 31, 2016): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i3.2016.2794.

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The concept of Customer Cost was developed by Lauterborn (1990) while developing the customer oriented Marketing Mix- the 4C concept. 4C model replaces the earlier 4Ps of Marketing Mix, here the focus is on customer and the current chapter is all about the second C of this model i.e. Customer Cost or Price in earlier 4P model. The Customer Cost concept is based on the fact that customers are more concerned with the total cost of acquiring a solution of their problem (Product or Service) rather than the price being charged for the Solution (Product or Service) offered by the Company (Moller, 2006), Customer Cost is a assumed to be a better approach as customers are interested in it. price is the quantity of payment or compensation given by one party to another in return for goods or services. In modern economies, prices are generally expressed in units of some form of currency. (For commodities, they are expressed as currency per unit weight of the commodity, e.g. Rs. per kilogram). Although prices could be quoted as quantities of other goods or services this sort of barter exchange is rarely seen. Prices are sometimes quoted in terms of vouchers such as trading stamps and air miles. In some circumstances, cigarettes have been used as currency, for example in prisons, in times of hyperinflation, and in some places during World War 2. In a black market economy, barter is also relatively common. In many financial transactions, it is customary to quote prices in other ways. The most obvious example is in pricing a loan, when the cost will be expressed as the percentage rate of interest. The total amount of interest payable depends upon credit risk, the loan amount and the period of the loan. Other examples can be found in pricing financial derivatives and other financial assets. For instance the price of inflation-linked government securities in several countries is quoted as the actual price divided by a factor representing inflation since the security was issued. Price sometimes refers to the quantity of payment requested by a seller of goods or services, rather than the eventual payment amount. This requested amount is often called the asking price or selling price, while the actual payment may be called the transaction price or traded price. Likewise, the bid price or buying price is the quantity of payment offered by a buyer of goods or services, although this meaning is more common in asset or financial markets than in consumer markets. Price refers to the amount charged for a product or service (Kotler, 2007), from producer’s point of view Price generates revenue (Kotler, 2003). Whereas Customer Cost concept not only includes the price of the product but also includes other associated costs in addition to the Price of the product or service (Goi, 2009). Customer Cost means the total expenditure a customer is going to spent for purchasing a Customer Solution. Thus Price represents only a part of total cost or Customer’s Cost (Kotler, Armstrong, &haque, 2012).

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MADAN, DILIP B., and WIM SCHOUTENS. "TENOR SPECIFIC PRICING." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 15, no. 06 (September 2012): 1250043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024912500434.

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Observing that pure discount projection curves are now based on a variety of tenors leads us to enquire into the possibility of theoretically deriving tenor specific zero coupon bond prices. The question then also arises on how to construct tenor specific prices for all financial contracts. Noting that in conic finance one has the law of two prices, bid and ask, that are nonlinear functions of the random variables being priced, we model dynamically consistent sequences of such prices using the theory of nonlinear expectations. The latter theory is closely connected to solutions of backward stochastic difference equations. The drivers for these stochastic difference equations are here constructed using concave distortions that implement risk charges for local tenor specific risks. It is then observed that tenor specific prices given by the mid quotes of bid and ask converge to the risk neutral price as the tenor is decreased and liquidity increased when risk charges are scaled by the tenor. Square root tenor scaling can halt the convergence to risk neutral pricing, preserving bid ask spreads in the limit. The greater liquidity of lower tenors may lead to an increase or decrease in prices depending on whether the lower liquidity of a higher tenor has a mid quote above or below the risk neutral value. Generally for contracts with a large upside and a bounded downside the prices fall with liquidity while the opposite is the case for contracts subject to a large downside and a bounded upside.

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Malinova, Katya, and Andreas Park. "Liquidity, volume and price efficiency: The impact of order vs. quote driven trading." Journal of Financial Markets 16, no. 1 (February 2013): 104–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.finmar.2012.09.002.

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Juliati Nasution, Yenni Samri. "Mekanisme Pasar Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Islam." AT-TAWASSUTH: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam 3, no. 1 (July 3, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30821/ajei.v3i1.1695.

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The market is a mechanism for the exchange of goods and services that nature. The market price is formed by a variety of factors which later formed the demand and supply of goods and services. Consumer demand is influenced by many factors, such as price, consumer income, tastes, expectations and level mashlahah. Quote manufacturers also influenced by many factors, such as mashlahah, profits, and prices. Interaction of supply and demand will establish the balance point can be changed from the demand side or the supply, either due to the deviation of structured and unstructured deviation. Perfectly competitive market can generate a fair price for the seller and the buyer. Therefore, if the market mechanism is interrupted, then the fair price will not be achieved. Islam puts the market at an important position in the economy. And very concerned about the concept of a fair price and perfect market mechanism. So, the role of government is very important to better ensure the activities of market mechanisms as perfect as taking a policy of price intervention that is based on justice.

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HE, LING-YUN, and FENG ZHENG. "DETECTING FRACTAL/MULTIFRACTAL AND ASYMMETRIC PROPERTIES IN AN ARTIFICIAL QUOTE-DRIVEN FINANCIAL MARKET." Fractals 18, no. 01 (March 2010): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x10004762.

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In this paper, we detected the fractal/multifractal and asymmetric properties in a simple financial market model which is an analog of the Ising model. We introduced the virtual market with heterogeneous agents characterized by agents with bounded rationality, by which we mean that agents only have local information, and a market maker who is responsible for market liquidity. To investigate the heterogeneity and psychological factors in real financial market, we designed the parameters of individual expectations of agents to this model. Applying fractal/multifractal and Zipf techniques, we conducted many simulations under different scenarios and then analyzed the generated time series of this virtual market. We acquired some nontrivial findings: first, the virtual price returns generated by our model display fractal and multifractal features; secondly, we found that the price have the asymmetric behaviors; finally, our findings have qualitative similarities with many empirical results, which imply that although our toy model is seemingly simple, it can generate complex dynamics and thus can be a useful tool to investigate complex market behaviors and phenomena.

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STOIKOV, SASHA F. "PRICING OPTIONS FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF A TRADER." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 09, no. 08 (December 2006): 1245–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024906004049.

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This paper is a contribution to the pricing and hedging of options in a market where the volatility is stochastic. The new concept of relative indifference pricing is further developed. This relative price is the price at which an option trader is indifferent to trade in an additional option, given that he is currently holding and dynamically hedging a portfolio of options. We find that the appropriate volatility risk premium depends on the trader's risk aversion coefficient and his portfolio position before selling or buying the additional option. We suggest two asymptotic expansions which relate the volatility risk premium to the Vega of the option portfolio. This approach provides a tool for traders to (i) integrate option pricing with risk management and (ii) quote competitive prices that depend on their aggregate risk exposure.

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Hasbrouck, Joel. "High-Frequency Quoting: Short-Term Volatility in Bids and Offers." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 53, no. 2 (March 15, 2018): 613–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109017001053.

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At subsecond horizons, bids and offers in U.S. equity markets are more volatile than what would be implied by long-term fundamentals. To assess costs and consequences, this paper suggests that traders’ random delays (latencies) interact with quote volatility to generate execution price risk and relative latency costs. Analysis of the behavior of quote setters suggests that this volatility is more likely to arise from recurrent cycles of undercutting similar to the Edgeworth cycles found in product markets rather than mixed strategies of limit-order placement.

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CHEN, SHU-HENG, and CHUNG-CHING TAI. "TRADING RESTRICTIONS, PRICE DYNAMICS AND ALLOCATIVE EFFICIENCY IN DOUBLE AUCTION MARKETS: ANALYSIS BASED ON AGENT-BASED MODELING AND SIMULATIONS." Advances in Complex Systems 06, no. 03 (September 2003): 283–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021952590300089x.

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In this paper we conduct two experiments within an agent-based double auction market. These two experiments allow us to see the effect of learning and smartness on price dynamics and allocative efficiency. Our results are largely consistent with the stylized facts observed in experimental economics with human subjects. From the amelioration of price deviation and allocative efficiency, the effect of learning is vividly seen. However, smartness does not enhance market performance. In fact, the experiment with smarter agents (agents without a quote limit) results in a less stable price dynamics and lower allocative efficiency.

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Han, Yufeng, Ting Hu, and David A. Lesmond. "Liquidity Biases and the Pricing of Cross-Sectional Idiosyncratic Volatility around the World." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 50, no. 6 (December 2015): 1269–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109015000605.

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AbstractThis paper examines data from 45 world markets and shows that the previously documented relation between mean returns and idiosyncratic volatility arises because of biases in volatility estimates that we can attribute to the bid–ask bounce in trade prices. We show that no significant relation exists between mean returns and idiosyncratic volatility estimated from quote-midpoint returns. Further, there is no significant relation between mean returns and the portion of transaction-price-based idiosyncratic volatility that is orthogonal to bid–ask spreads. The pricing of idiosyncratic volatility is due to the negative pricing of the bid–ask spread.

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Koltko, Kristina. "One Center's Experience with Lowering Medical Supply Costs in the Operating Room." Journal of Transplant Coordination 7, no. 4 (December 1997): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/090591999700700408.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the possibility of lowering costs to organ procurement organizations by purchasing a custom medical supply pack for use in the operating room. Six hospitals in the organ procurement organization's service area were selected for a cost comparison report on selected medical supply items: 37 items were selected for review. A retrospective review of the itemized hospital bills from recent organ recovery cases at each hospital was completed. A medical supply company was contacted for price quotes on selected items for the supply pack. The price quote from the medical supply company totaled $220.30. The average cost of the items selected from the six hospitals was $822.65. The average cost savings per organ recovery case was calculated at $602.35. Based on an estimated 80 organ donors per year, organ procurement organizations could save as much as $48,188 annually.

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Jordan, Michelle, Gunnar Auth, Oliver Jokisch, and Jens-Uwe Kühl. "Knowledge-based systems for the Configure Price Quote (CPQ) process – A case study in the IT solution business." Online Journal of Applied Knowledge Management 8, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36965/ojakm.2020.8(2)17-30.

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Software systems for the Configure Price Quote (CPQ) process of complex product portfolios have emerged in the sales function of companies recently. A flexible quote of complex products, in particular for a Business-to-Business (B2B) customer requires a wide variability of product features and configurations, along with the ability to deliver competitive quotes in short time. The CPQ system aims to reduce the process time, to increase the process quality by integrating information and data stored in several enterprise systems with codified explicit and implicit knowledge from individuals. As in most of the knowledge management systems, the openness of the knowledge holders to share and codify their individual knowledge is a critical success factor. In this case study, we look at the CPQ system implementation of a multinational Information Technology (IT) solution provider from a process perspective and with regard to both the technical and organizational challenges in a holistic approach. The article starts with an introduction to CPQ systems based on works from the Knowledge Management (KM) domain. After outlining our research methodology, we present the case together with a generalization of the CPQ implementation process. Our findings from the investigated scenario indicate positive influence of 1) the internal promotion of CPQ systems as technology innovation for motivating expert knowledge holders to collaborate; 2) an active preparation of the organizational environment for the upcoming changes; and 3) a hybrid agile implementation process.

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Damangir, Sina, Rex Yuxing Du, and Ye Hu. "Uncovering Patterns of Product Co-consideration: A Case Study of Online Vehicle Price Quote Request Data." Journal of Interactive Marketing 42 (May 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2017.11.002.

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Tivnan, Brian, David Slater, James Thompson, Tobin Bergen-Hill, Carl Burke, Shaun Brady, Matthew Koehler, Matthew McMahon, Brendan Tivnan, and Jason Veneman. "Price Discovery and the Accuracy of Consolidated Data Feeds in the U.S. Equity Markets." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 11, no. 4 (October 28, 2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm11040073.

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Both the scientific community and the popular press have paid much attention to the speed of the Securities Information Processor—the data feed consolidating all trades and quotes across the US stock market. Rather than the speed of the Securities Information Processor (SIP), we focus here on its accuracy. Relying on Trade and Quote data, we provide various measures of SIP latency relative to high-speed data feeds between exchanges, known as direct feeds. We use first differences to highlight not only the divergence between the direct feeds and the SIP, but also the fundamental inaccuracy of the SIP. We find that as many as 60% or more of trades are reported out of sequence for stocks with high trade volume, therefore skewing simple measures, such as returns. While not yet definitive, this analysis supports our preliminary conclusion that the underlying infrastructure of the SIP is currently unable to keep pace with the trading activity in today’s stock market.

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Cao, Charles, Laura Casares Field, and Gordon Hanka. "Does Insider Trading Impair Market Liquidity? Evidence from IPO Lockup Expirations." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 39, no. 1 (March 2004): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109000003872.

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AbstractWe test the hypothesis that insider trading impairs market liquidity by analyzing intraday trades and quotes around 1,497 IPO lockup expirations in the period 1995–1999. We find that, while lockup expirations are associated with considerable insider trading for some IPO firms, they have little effect on effective spreads. By contrast, two other liquidity measures, quote depth and trading activity, improve substantially. In the 23% of lockup expirations where insiders disclose share sales, spreads actually decline. These findings indicate that a large body of well-informed, blockholding insider traders can enter a market from which they had previously been absent, and substantially change trading volume and share price without impairing market liquidity.

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Yu, Rong, Hui Min Wang, and Wen Juan Niu. "Evolutionary Game Analysis of Price Competition Strategy for Water Market." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 2771–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.2771.

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Optimal allocations of water resources include initial water allocation and water right exchange in the water market. The spontaneous evolution of price competition strategies for completed water markets is analyzed using evolutionary game theory in this paper. This paper also analyzes the evolutionary process of bidding strategy of water supply enterprises and obtains the evolutionary stable strategy. Moreover, the practical significance of this strategy is analyzed and the related stability analysis is conducted. Studies real that the system is stable when water supply enterprises adopt the same strategy, i.e., they all quote a relatively high offer or offer according to the cost. At the same time official mechanism is brought forward to control and accommodate water market price strategy so as to show advantages.

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Annapurna, K., and B. Seetha Ramanjaneyulu. "QoS Maintenance in Cognitive Radio Networks with Priority-Supporting Novel Channel Allocation Method." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 15, no. 1 (January 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbdcn.2019010101.

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Satisfying the Quality of Service (QoS) is often a challenge in cognitive radio networks, because they depend on opportunistic channel accessing. In this context, appropriate pricing of vacant channels that is linked to the preference in their allocation, is found to be useful. However, ambiguity on the possible price at which the channel would be allotted is still a concern. In this work, an auction mechanism in which maximum value of the bid is predefined is proposed. With this, users quote their bid values as per their needs of getting the channels, up to the predefined maximum allowed bid price. However, final price of allocation is decided based on the sum total demand from all the users and the availability of vacant channels. Performance of the system is found in terms of blocking probabilities of secondary users and revenues to primary users. The proposed system is found to yield similar quantum of revenues as that of the Generalized Second Price (GSP) auction, while offering much lesser blocking probabilities to high-priority users to satisfy their QoS requirements.

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Bolland, Peter J., and Jerome T. Connor. "A Constrained Neural Network Kalman Filter for Price Estimation in High Frequency Financial Data." International Journal of Neural Systems 08, no. 04 (August 1997): 399–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065797000409.

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In this paper we present a neural network extended Kalman filter for modeling noisy financial time series. The neural network is employed to estimate the nonlinear dynamics of the extended Kalman filter. Conditions for the neural network weight matrix are provided to guarantee the stability of the filter. The extended Kalman filter presented is designed to filter three types of noise commonly observed in financial data: process noise, measurement noise, and arrival noise. The erratic arrival of data (arrival noise) results in the neural network predictions being iterated into the future. Constraining the neural network to have a fixed point at the origin produces better iterated predictions and more stable results. The performance of constrained and unconstrained neural networks within the extended Kalman filter is demonstrated on "Quote" tick data from the $/DM exchange rate (1993–1995).

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Meng, Shao Xin, Hao Bai, and Yu Li Wang. "Optimal Energy Management for Smart Distribution Grid Based on Virtual Power Plant." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.388.

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Virtual Power Plant (VPP) technology can take advantage of interactive communication and energy management system to optimize and coordinate the control of distributed generation, controllable load, energy storage device, so as to integrate them and participate in the energy exchange of the grid and the quote trading of power market. This paper is devoted to study the energy management system in virtual power plant. Under the day-ahead market ,this project puts forward the maximum profit model, analyzes the operation condition of various elements in virtual power plant, and set restrictions for its operation and energy storage; According to the randomness of the energy resources such as wind and light in actual operation as well as the price in power market, the change of power grid load and electricity demand, and the fluctuations in the retail price of electricity, this paper adopts the proposed model of optimal allocation to coordinate and optimize the configuration of the elements in virtual power plant.

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Scott, David A. "CorporateAffiliations.com200316CorporateAffiliations.com. New Providence, NJ: LexisNexis 2001; Updated weekly. Contact publisher for a price quote URL: http://www.corporateaffiliations.com Last visited August 2002." Reference Reviews 17, no. 1 (January 2003): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09504120310455894.

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Pamungkas, Arif Budi, and Djauhari Djauhari. "The Certainty And Legal Protection To The Buyer's Auction Of The Mortgage Right Object On Online Auctions At The Service Of Wealth State Office And Auction (KPKNL)." Jurnal Akta 5, no. 2 (May 29, 2018): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/akta.v5i2.3175.

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An auction is an activity of selling of goods in public by means of a verbal-bid to get the higher price or to get lower prices and the price quote can be done in a closed and written. This is done by the way of collecting the prospective buyers of the auction led by officials of the auction. In this case, the intended auction was the sale of goods that are held publicly. The auction, according to the regulations of security right, is when the debtor made a breach, the holder of the security rights have the right to sell the security rights’ objects over its own power through a public auction as well as taking payment of account receivable from the sale proceeds. An auction is an alternative to the sale of an undertaken asset by way of inviting prospective buyers at a particular time and place in which the last highest bidder in writing or orally is determined as the winner. The author used socio-legal research as his research method. To meet the forth standards set by the law, the auction should be widely announced to the public, either through printed file, electronic or visual. A legal certainty as a basis which concerned with propriety and justice is very closely related to the principle of auction sales in another. As the formulation of the problem of the form of identification of the problem, namely how the legal protection of the auction buyers encountered the obstacles as well as the solution.Keywords: Auction; Legal Protection; Mortgage Right

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Blakesley Lindsay, Elizabeth. "AncestryPlus200390AncestryPlus. Farmington Hills, MI: The Gale Group 2002. Contact Gale for a price quote URL: http://www.galegroup.com/AncestryPlus/ Last visited November 2002." Reference Reviews 17, no. 2 (February 2003): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09504120310461842.

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Guo, Zhang Lin, and Rui Hong Jia. "The Risk Management of the Owner in the Bidding Process under the 2013 Edition of the Valuation Mode of Bill of Engineering Quantity." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 4670–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.4670.

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Taking the perspective of the owners,we analyze the major valuation risk which is based on the theory of the project risk management under the version of 2013 code of valuation with bill quantity of construction works when the owner want to bid to identify the possible risk factors. And in this article we propose some specific measures of the risk control about the imperfect of construction drawing design,the quatity problems of tender documents,unbalanced quote of the bidders,the price changing of the building materials and equipments and various rates of change in order to achieve active control risk and avoid exceeding the cost and provide a theoretical basis for the owner (or the tender agent) to bid.

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Lani, Oktri Permata. "THE ROLE OF COMMUNICATION IN THE BUYING AND NEGOTIATION PROCESS." Alfuad: Jurnal Sosial Keagamaan 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31958/jsk.v5i1.2012.

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Individuals and individuals who are members of an organization cannot achieve their goals and cannot even carry out their lives if they do not cooperate with other parties. Today, competition among companies in Indonesia is growing, especially in the sale of cars and spare parts. These symptoms can be seen from the price competition for cars and spare parts which vary greatly from one company to another, namely from low prices with standard quality to high prices with good quality. This is what makes a company compete to improve the quality of basic car materials and spare parts at prices that are affordable by the community. Negotiation is a process of interaction in an offer made by two or more parties, who want to achieve their respective interests and realize that in order to achieve all of their interests, they must relate to each other and direct each other's interests in order to achieve the benefit of all parties. In this case, the agreement between the two parties on the price quote is carried out by the customer and the company's negotiator. Based on the background of the problem described above, the authors formulate the main problem as follows: "What is the role of communication in the process of buying and selling negotiations". From the formulation of the problem that has been described above, the researcher wants to achieve a goal in this study. The purpose of this research, is to determine the role of communication in the process of buying and selling negotiations and to determine the barriers to communication. This research method uses a literature review. Communication is a process, namely the process of conveying thoughts or feelings by someone (the communicator) to another person (the communicant) to change the opinions, attitudes and behavior of others. By communicating, humans can convey their experiences, desires, and feelings to others directly or through the means or media they have. Through communication individuals can plan their future, form groups for cooperation, convey information, opinions, ideas, concepts, knowledge and change attitudes. To achieve effective and efficient negotiations is not as easy as people imagine. Many things must be considered in communicating so that messages or statements conveyed to others can be understood and understood.

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Blakesley Lindsay, Elizabeth. "Eighteenth Century Collections Online2004176Thomson Gale. Eighteenth Century Collections Online. Detroit, MI, 2003. Last visited January 2004 URL: www.gale.com/EighteenthCentury Contact publisher for price quote." Reference Reviews 18, no. 4 (June 2004): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09504120410535100.

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ARMSTRONG, JOHN, TEEMU PENNANEN, and UDOMSAK RAKWONGWAN. "PRICING INDEX OPTIONS BY STATIC HEDGING UNDER FINITE LIQUIDITY." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 21, no. 06 (September 2018): 1850044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024918500449.

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We develop a model for indifference pricing in derivatives markets, where price quotes have bid–ask spreads and finite quantities. The model quantifies the dependence of the prices and hedging portfolios on an investor’s views, risk preferences and financial position as well as on the price quotes. Computational techniques of convex optimization allow for fast computation of the hedging portfolios and prices as well as sensitivities with respect to various model parameters. We illustrate the techniques by pricing and hedging of exotic derivatives on S&P index using call and put options, forward contracts and cash as the hedging instruments. The optimized static hedges provide good approximations of the options payouts and the spreads between indifference selling and buying prices are quite narrow as compared with the spread between superhedging and subhedging prices.

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Gregoriou, Andros. "Modelling non-linear behaviour of block price deviations when trades are executed outside the bid-ask quotes." Journal of Economic Studies 44, no. 2 (May 8, 2017): 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-03-2016-0050.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test and model non-linearities in block price deviations when they are executed outside the bid-ask quotes. The author conducts an empirical analysis on 662,312 transactions that were traded outside the bid-ask quotes in 2014 on the London Stock Exchange. Design/methodology/approach The tests reject the linearity hypothesis and the paper shows that the exponential smooth transition autoregressive model is capable of capturing the non-linear behaviour of block price misalignments. Findings The findings imply that when the deviation of block prices from their quoted value is small (large), trading will occur slowly (rapidly) to restore equilibrium, suggesting that trading costs eliminate continuous trading and that the block trade market is efficient. Originality/value The purpose of this paper is to re-model block price deviations from the bid-ask quotes. The major contribution is that the paper presents new empirical evidence, which explicitly allows for the possibility that block price misalignments from the bid-ask quotes can be characterized by a non-linear mean reverting process. The author demonstrates that the presence of transaction costs induces non-linear adjustments of block trade prices.

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Wijaya, Rusmin, and Achmad Jaka Santos Adiwijaya. "OPTIMALISASI ASAS KEMANFAATAN HASIL LELANG EKSEKUSI DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM INVESTASI." JURNAL ILMIAH LIVING LAW 13, no. 1 (April 23, 2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jill.v13i1.4203.

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The auction activity is the sale of goods open to the public with a written and / or verbal price quote that is increasing or decreasing to reach the highest price, which is preceded by an auction announcement. Auction activities can grow the country's economy, this activity can be optimized through investment. The research method used in this research is normative juridical, and the data are analyzed qualitatively using SWOT analysis. The results of this research there are opportunities and challenges where the Mortgage Certificate has an executorial power, the Regulation supports Investors / Buyers to Invest by buying auction assets, the online auction system aims to enable KPKNL to respond quickly, cheaply, efficiently every request of potential buyers / Investors without have to go through a long bureaucracy, buyers in good faith get legal protection. As for obstacles or challenges in optimizing auction results through investment, namely the presence of auction blockage before the auction, interference or intervention from third parties, and the existence of legal remedies in the form of lawsuits, resistance, rebuttal submitted by the Respondent / debtor at the Court for reasons that are too low or Police Report. With regard to investor legal certainty, namely obtaining legal certainty and legal protection for the purchase of auction assets at the KPKNL in accordance with the provisions stipulated in article 14 of Law Number 25 of 2007 concerning Investment.Keywords : Utility Principle; Auction; Invesment Law.

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Irwin, Ken. "Gale Virtual Reference Library2004232Gale Virtual Reference Library. Detroit, MI: Gale 2003 ‐‐ (source material covers 2000 to date). Price varies: contact vendor for quote Last visited February 2004." Reference Reviews 18, no. 5 (July 2004): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09504120410542814.

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Blake Brown, A., and Laura L. Martin. "Price versus Quota Reductions: U.S. Flue-Cured Tobacco Policy." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 28, no. 2 (December 1996): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800007434.

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AbstractDeclining domestic cigarette consumption, increased global competition, and loss of import restrictions indicate decreased demand for U.S. flue-cured tobacco. The effects of 10% declines in domestic and export demand are evaluated under a policy of reducing quota to maintain price versus a policy of allowing price to fall to maintain quota. Changes in prices, quantities, revenues, and economic rents are simulated. Losses to nonfarming quota owners are minimized under a policy of price maintenance, while losses in revenues to tobacco-producing areas are minimized by a policy of quota maintenance. Aggregate losses to tobacco growers are greater under a policy of quota maintenance.

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Millard, Donna. "Communication Abstracts2004185Communication Abstracts. Thousand Oaks, CA and London, (Sage); Bethesda, MD (CSA): Sage Publications/Cambridge Scientific Abstracts Last visited December 2003. URL: www.csa.com Contact CSA for price quote." Reference Reviews 18, no. 4 (June 2004): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09504120410535191.

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Melgoza, Pauline. "STATSnetBASE2003404STATSnetBASE. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press 2003. Price based on type of organization, number of sites and number of users; contact publisher for quote URL: www.statsnetbase.com. Last visited April 2003." Reference Reviews 17, no. 7 (July 2003): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09504120310498158.

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Irwin, Ken. "Book Review Digest Plus2003224H.W. Wilson. Book Review Digest Plus. Bronx, NY, 2002 to date. Price varies by size of institution and number of simultaneous users. Unlimited user licenses available; contact H.W. Wilson for a price quote URL: http://www.hwwilson.com Last visited February 2003." Reference Reviews 17, no. 5 (May 2003): 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09504120310480779.

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Ekpe, Malthus Timothy, Rosemary Obiageri Obasi, Sadiq Rabiu Abdullahi, Umar Aliyu Mustapha, and Norfadzilah Rashid. "Earnings Surprises and Stock Price Reactions of Quoted Companies in Nigeria." International Journal of Financial Research 11, no. 4 (July 7, 2020): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v11n4p306.

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This study focuses on examining the relationship between stock prices and earnings surprises in quoted companies of Nigeria. This study applied a longitudinal research design which studies the effect of earnings surprises on stock prices using panel data. A sample of 64 companies was chosen to study in all sectors of the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The research data were obtained from secondary sources of the annual reports for the selected companies covering the period from 2013 to 2017. The measurement for earnings surprises used in the study is the residual or unexplained component of earnings persistence model commonly referred to as first-order autoregressive AR (1) regression of reported earnings. Were, the data analysis was carried out by regression using the generalised least squares technique. The regression results for positive earnings surprise shows that share prices react negatively to positive surprises with a coefficient of (-2.4109) in tandem with the return news hypothesis which suggests that positive earnings news results in a negative stock-price reaction. The negative earnings surprise results show that stock prices react positively to negative earnings surprises with a positive coefficient of (0.1136). This is in line with the premise of return news, which indicates that negative earnings news leads to a positive reaction to the share price. The study recommends that there is a need to regulate the stock market to improve the level of market efficiency in stock markets. This will improve the rate at which earnings news will be reserved at stock prices. Secondly, there is a need to improve investor confidence in the disclosed profits made by companies.

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Fetzer, Anita, and Elda Weizman. "‘What I would say to John and everyone like John is ...’: The construction of ordinariness through quotations in mediated political discourse." Discourse & Society 29, no. 5 (May 14, 2018): 495–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926518770259.

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This article examines the discursive construction of ordinariness in the context of mediated political discourse, considering in particular contexts, in which ‘non-ordinary speakers’ quote ordinary people, bring them into the mediated public arena and assign them and their quoted contributions the status of an object of talk, and in which ‘ordinary speakers’ follow up on the ‘brought-in-ordinariness’. The contexts under investigation are Prime Minister’s Questions (PMQs) transmitted in the social media and commenters’ posts on the exchanges between the Prime Minister’s and Leader of the Opposition’s bringing-in-ordinariness. The Prime Minister and Leader of the Opposition treat the ‘brought-in-ordinariness’ in an ordinary manner by naming quoter and quoted and providing responses to the quoted questions while accommodating the political elite in their contributions; some of the ordinary commenters take up the ‘brought-in-ordinariness’ by negotiating its perlocutionary effects with evaluative metacomments. The ‘brought-in-ordinariness’ receives various kinds of uptakes, ranging from enthusiastic responses hailing true democracy to negative responses criticizing the non-professional manner of doing politics.

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Kopytets, Nataliia. "Analysis of the price situation in the cattle meat market." Ekonomika APK 313, no. 11 (November 27, 2020): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202011052.

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The purpose of the article is to investigate the current price situation in the cattle meat market, taking into account the peculiarities of the beef price chain “production – processing –trade – consumer”. Research methods. The following methods have been used in the research process: abstract and logical, system analysis – for generalize theoretical positions, formulating conclusions; comparative analysis – for compare indicators and identify trends in their change over time; statistical – for assessing the cattle meat market; tabular – for visual representation of the research results; monographic – for detailing the price situation in the beef market; graphic – for identify and illustrate the trends of the research economic phenomena. Research results. An analysis of the price situation in the cattle meat market with details of individual species priced in dif-ferent areas of the country. Trends and regularities of dynamics of prices for cattle and products of processing in wholesale and retail trade are estimated. There is a clear tendency of annual increase in prices for cattle meat market in Ukraine during 2017-2020. It was found that the increase in purchase prices for young cattle causes an increase in wholesale and retail prices for various types of meat. It is justified that the price is important to all cattle meat market participants. The level of prices affects the efficiency of both individual producers and the development of the economy of any country. Prices clearly reflect the processes of production, exchange, distribution and consumption. Scientific novelty. It is specified that under the conditions of low purchasing power of most of the population of Ukraine, the actual retail prices for beef and veal within the trade network are quite high and do not contribute to the growth of demand for this type of meat. Practical significance. The research results can be useful for all participants in the food chain “production – processing – distribution – consumption” of the cattle market. Tabl.: 1. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 23.

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Cussen, Celia, Manuel Llorca-Jaña, and Federico Droller. "THE DYNAMICS AND DETERMINANTS OF SLAVE PRICES IN AN URBAN SETTING: SANTIAGO DE CHILE, c. 1773-1822." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 34, no. 3 (January 22, 2016): 449–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610915000361.

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ABSTRACTThis paper provides the first survey of slave prices for Santiago de Chile, c. 1773-1822. It also establishes the main determinants of slave prices during this period. We gathered and analysed over 3,800 sale operations. Our series confirm the usual inverted U-shape when prices are plotted against age, and that age was a very important determinant of slave prices. We also found that: female slaves were systematically priced over male slaves, quite contrary to what happened in most other markets; the prime age of Santiago slaves was 16-34, a younger range than for most other places; male slave prices moved in the same direction as real wages of unskilled workers; and the impact of the free womb law on market prices in 1811 was dramatic.

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ATSBEHA, DANIEL MULUWORK. "YIELD UNCERTAINTY AND MILK SUPPLY RESPONSE IN TWO-TIER PRICE SYSTEMS." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 49, no. 1 (January 30, 2017): 66–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2016.40.

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AbstractIn two-tier price systems, yield uncertainty creates incentives to overproduce quantity-restricted outputs even when prices for surplus output are very low. These incentives arise from precautionary motives against expected losses from quota shortfalls. Using an approach augmented for multiple input applications, the likelihood of excess production and the relative importance of price changes in different markets are estimated for Icelandic dairy farms. The results indicate that the average farm plans to exceed its quota, and price changes in the surplus milk market are approximately three times more effective in generating supply response than price changes in the quota milk market.

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Gloria, Meka Azuka, and Nwadialor Eugene Okoye. "Effect of Accounting Information on Share Price of Quoted Banks in Nigeria." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-1 (December 31, 2018): 733–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd19073.

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Millard, Scott. "History Resource Center: The Modern World200396History Resource Center: The Modern World. Farmington Hills, MI: The Gale Group 2002. Contact Gale for a price quote URL: http://www.galegroup.com/modernworld/ Last visited November 2002." Reference Reviews 17, no. 2 (February 2003): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09504120310461905.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Price quote'

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