Academic literature on the topic 'Principle of accession'
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Journal articles on the topic "Principle of accession"
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Świrgoń-Skok, Renata. "ACCESSIO (AKCESJA) W TERMINOLOGII RZYMSKIEGO PRAWA PRYWATNEGO." Zeszyty Prawnicze 8, no. 2 (2017): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2008.8.2.02.
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The ‘accessio’ (accession) in the Terminology of Roman Private LawSummaryThe term accessio (accession) in the terminology of Roman private law did not only denote union and confusion of things. It was a very general term used for defining various cases of property acquisition through union, growth of property, and it determined addition of a new obligation to an old one or addition of a supplementary contract, person or object to the obligation.In the Roman Law literature the term accessio is predominantly used for union of two things in accordance with the principle accessio cedit principali, i.e. the increase falls to the share of the principal.Moreover, the term accessio also denoted adding the duration of ownership of an object by the predecessor (accessio possessionis) or simply adding the duration (accessio temporis). In the sources for the Roman Law accessio temporis and possessionis are used interchangeably for determining specific actual states, which resolve issues connected with accession of ownership duration of the predecessor to the ownership duration of the last owner. Similarly in lexicons, accessio temporis is presented as a synonym of accessio possessionis. The aforementioned accession of ownership duration [of the predecessor by his successor under specific title was permissible with interdict aimed at protection against infringement of ownership of movable objects (interdictum utrubi), with prescription (usucapio) and charge of long time ownership (longi temporis praescriptio).Furthermore, accession also meant accessio personae that is addition of a person, i.e. additional creditor who, beside the principal creditor, could collect repayment of debt from debtor (adstipulator), or a person who additionally, beside the principal debtor, pledged to the creditor to repay the debt (adpromissor), or it is addition of a new obligation to an old one by means of contract of guaranty (fideiussio). With accessio personae, similarly to union of things in accordance with the principle of accessio cedit principali, there had to be two things, one of them determined as principal and the other - additional. Obviously, here occur two obligations, one treated as principal, and the other as additional or accessory.Moreover, accession also means accessio rei, that is addition of new article of service to obligation, that the debtor could render alternatively with the previous, which was possible with alternative obligation (obligatio alternativa) and alternative authorization (facultas alternativa).
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Vliet, L. P. W. van. "Accession of Movables to Land: I." Edinburgh Law Review 6, no. 1 (2002): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/elr.2002.6.1.67.
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The rules governing accession of movables to land are based on the dual principles of preservation of value and protection of third parties. Thus extinction of title prevents the attachment from being undone; and appearance determines legal effect. Neither principle has room for subjective intention or any other criterion unknown to outsiders. The rules of accession, therefore, should be based on objective criteria. A retention of title clause, for example, should not be allowed to postpone accession. None the less in the legal systems described below there is considerable variation both in the rules of accession and in the right of severance (ius tollendi). This suggests that any attempt at harmonising security rights in European private law is likely to fail unless there is also harmonisation of the rules of accession and the right of severance. This article will be published in two parts. The second part will appear in the next issue.
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Vliet, L. P. W. van. "Accession of Movables to Land: II." Edinburgh Law Review 6, no. 2 (2002): 199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/elr.2002.6.2.199.
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The first part of this article, which appeared in the last issue, argued that the rules governing accession of movables to land are based on the dual principles of preservation of value and protection of third parties. Neither principle allows subjective intention or any other criterion unrecognisable to outsiders. The first part showed that Dutch, Scots and English law apply criteria which are purely objective and recognisable to third parties. German law, on the other hand, allows criteria which are objective but not always recognisable. This second part of the article will reveal that French and South African law take a different approach in giving effect to subjective intention. Moreover, it will be seen that the whole picture of accession becomes more complex when the right of severance is taken into consideration.
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Beqiraj Mihani, Pranvera. "Provisions on International Law in the Constitution of the Republic of Albania: Principle of Supremacy and Direct Application in View of the Accession of the Republic of Albania to the Eu." Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development 10, no. 3 S1 (2023): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv10n3s112.
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The purpose of this article is to analyze the provisions of international law in the Constitution of the Republic of Albania of 1998, from the point of view of the accession to the European Union. The analysis was carried out firstly in the context of the principle of supremacy and the principle of direct application and secondly given the accession of the Republic of Albania to international organizations. This analysis is intended to understand the constitutional framework in light of the accession of the Republic of Albania in the European Union. The analysis of the constitutional provisions important for the accession of the Republic of Albania in the European Union was done through the descriptive method.
 
 Received: 22 October 2023 / Accepted: 16 December 2023 / Published: 23 December 2023
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Gomes Beirão, Joana. "The EU’s accession to the ECHR and the Dublin Regulation: is accession still desirable?" UNIO – EU Law Journal 8, no. 1 (2022): 80–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/unio.8.1.4050.
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This paper addresses whether the European Union’s accession to the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) is still possible and desirable considering Opinion 2/13, as well as the caselaw of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) on the application of the Dublin Regulation. It argues that accession is still possible, though negotiations of an accession agreement compliant with the conditions imposed by Opinion 2/13 may prove particularly difficult in practice. Additionally, it argues that accession is desirable if the principle of mutual trust is not upheld over human rights, since accession in these conditions would enhance human rights protection in the context of the application of the Dublin Regulation.
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Devuyst, Youri. ""The European Union's Handling of Hybrid Threats: In Search of the Enlargement Dimension", L'Europe Unie / United Europe, No. 22, 2025, pp. 7-19 (Special Volume "EU Enlargement and Resilience: Legal and Economic Reforms on Georgia's Path to Integration", Mihaela Daciana Natea & Simion Costea, coordinators)." L' Europe unie 2025, no. 22 (2025): 7–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15118722.
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At present, the EU's strategic documents on countering hybrid threats contain hardly any links to the accession process. A more robust defence of an enlarging EU requires the effective operationalisation of the principle of enhanced mutual resilience against hybrid threats between the EU and the candidate countries, including in the upcoming European Democracy Shield.
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Masiero, Anna Francesca. "The Accession of the European Union to the European Convention on Human Rights Four Years after Opinion 2/13: Should We Lose Hope?" European Criminal Law Review 9, no. 2 (2019): 222–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2193-5505-2019-2-222.
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The accession of the European Union to the European Convention on Human Rights is an issue frequently addressed by (not only internationalist) legal scholars, who stress that it would allow for an optimisation of the level of protection of fundamental rights in the European legal area. After reviewing the historical stages of accession, this paper focuses on the second opinion of the Court of Justice regarding it (Opinion 2/13 of 2014). Therein, accession is presented as an unattainable goal, probably because of the refusal of the Court of Justice to submit to the other European court, the Strasbourg Court of Human Rights. Subsequently, the paper reviews the possible effects of accession on the current legal scenario with special attention to the Italian legal system. Finally, it aims at figuring out how accession could affect criminal matters: in particular, by means of an example concerning the principle of legality, the purpose is to demonstrate how accession could lead to an improvement of the criminal guarantees of the European legal area.
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Bobek, Michal. "The Binding Force of Babel: The Enforcement of EC Law Unpublished in the Languages of the New Member States." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 9 (2007): 43–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/152888712802746821.
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On 1 may 2004, 10 new Member States joined the European Union. This meant inter alia that, save for the express derogations provided for in the Act of Accession, the entire mass of Community secondary legislation became binding in the new Member States. This principle of the immediate effects of Community law in the new Member States was provided for in Article 2 AA: From the date of Accession, the provisions of the original Treaties and the acts adopted by the institutions and the European Central Bank before Accession shall be binding on the new Member States and shall apply in those States under the conditions laid down in those Treaties and in this Act.
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Bobek, Michal. "The Binding Force of Babel: The Enforcement of EC Law Unpublished in the Languages of the New Member States." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 9 (2007): 43–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000002755.
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On 1 may 2004, 10 new Member States joined the European Union. This meant inter alia that, save for the express derogations provided for in the Act of Accession, the entire mass of Community secondary legislation became binding in the new Member States. This principle of the immediate effects of Community law in the new Member States was provided for in Article 2 AA: From the date of Accession, the provisions of the original Treaties and the acts adopted by the institutions and the European Central Bank before Accession shall be binding on the new Member States and shall apply in those States under the conditions laid down in those Treaties and in this Act.
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Shrestha, Deepa Singh, Jeet Narayan Chaudhary, Krishna Hari Ghimire, and Jiban Shrestha. "Phenotypic characterization and diversity of Nepalese garlic (Allium sativum L.) landraces." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 5, no. 1 (2022): 228–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v5i1.50834.
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A total 37 garlic landraces collection from Nepal Genebank were characterized using phenotypic trait maps or agro morphological markers at National Agriculture Genetic Resources Centre (Genebank), Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal during 2017 using quantitative and qualitative traits. Shannon and Weaver diversity index (H’) analysis revealed significant intra landrace diversity for both quantitative and qualitative traits. Nine principal components contributed 100 % to the cumulative variance and the first three principle components with Eigen value >1 accounted for 69.9 % of the entire variability.The cluster analysis grouped the 37 accessions into five distinct group. The Accession CO4816 from cluster 5 were superior in terms of yield attributing characters such as number of cloves/bulb, weight of cloves and yield but found to be shorter is plant height. Pearson correlation analysis among eight quantitative traits showed highly significant positive correlation between leaf length and leaf width, leaf length and shaft length, leaf length and yield, weight of cloves and yield. The high yield is associated with leaf length, leaf width, weight of cloves and number of cloves. The frequency distribution for disease (Cercospora leafspot and Alternaria porii) occurrence were very low in 78 % of the accessions.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Principle of accession"
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Karamanidou, Maria. "Women principals in Cyprus primary schools : barriers to accession." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42894/.
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This thesis focuses on the barriers that women principals face in Cypriot primary schools. This research had six aims including the overarching aim. The overarching aim of this research is to examine the career progress of female principals in Cyprus primary schools and to address the apparent under-representation of women in leadership positions. The research also aimed to establish the barriers that female leaders face in order to be promoted as principals, and how they can be overcome. Another aim was to establish how gender issues play a part in creating barriers to promotion as a school principal and how these may subsequently affect them in leading the school. A third consideration was to comprehend what barriers women may have faced in their childhood years and to establish whether, and to what extent, female leaders face internal and external barriers in Cyprus schools. The research also sought to identify the support or enablers that may facilitate women’s career progression. The enquiry was conducted using mixed method approaches, including both surveys and interviews. These quantitative and qualitative methods were combined to facilitate methodological triangulation. The data were collected sequentially, with the surveys preceding the interviews. This sequence was planned to obtain generalisable data first and to secure self-selected participants for the interviews. The quantitative data were collected through a whole population questionnaire survey administered to all women principals (C.187) in Cyprus primary schools, using Survey Monkey. Qualitative data were collected, from all twenty women principals who agreed to be interviewed. The findings show that societal culture and discrimination, the influence of the patriarchal family, family and domestic responsibilities, the intersection between women’s age, sex and the location of schools and professional development, were powerful influences on the career trajectory of these women primary school principals. These themes recur in several places, showing the pervasive nature of these influences on women principals in Cyprus. The thesis reports these findings and connects them to other literature on women principals. The present work is informed by contemporary feminist and gender theories.
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Labayle, Simon. "Les valeurs de l'Union européenne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1046.
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L’Union européenne est, selon l’article 2 TUE, « fondée » sur des « valeurs » précisément identifiées. L’affirmation juridique de cette dimension fondatrice est d’autant moins neutre qu’elle est systématiquement revendiquée. Elle renvoie à une recherche d’essentialité laissant supposer que l’Union accorde volontairement une place centrale à ses valeurs. Ce choix s’exprime concrètement dans différentes dispositions issues des traités constitutifs. Les valeurs exercent notamment une influence décisive sur des questions aussi fondamentales que celles de la définition des objectifs de l’Union (article 3 TUE), du prononcé d’éventuelles sanctions à l’encontre d’États membres qui menaceraient leur intégrité (article 7 TUE), de l’orientation des relations qu’elle tisse avec son voisinage (article 8 TUE), ou encore des modalités de l’éventuelle adhésion d’un État tiers à l’Union européenne (article 49 TUE). Au-delà de la portée symbolique, juridique et politique de ces différents thèmes, les valeurs participent en réalité à déterminer l’identité spécifique de l’Union européenne. Il convient alors de s’interroger quant à la traduction concrète de cette dimension fondatrice. Afin de démontrer la consubstantialité et l’irréversibilité du lien que partagent l’Union européenne et ses valeurs, il est d’abord nécessaire de mettre en relief la vocation structurante et fonctionnelle des valeurs pour l’Union. Il reste ensuite à mesurer à quel point leur portée existentielle dépend de l’enjeu de leur protection, qu’elle soit politique, administrative ou juridictionnelle<br>The European Union is, according to Article 2 TEU, "founded" on "values" precisely identified. The legal affirmation of this fundamental dimension is systematically claimed. It refers to a research of essentiality suggesting that the Union voluntarily gives a central place to its values, which confirms the analysis of the main stages of its history. This choice is expressed in various provisions of the founding treaties. These values carry a decisive influence on fundamental issues such as the definition of the objectivesof the Union (Article 3 TEU), the imposition of any sanctions against member states that threaten their integrity (Article 7 TEU), the orientation of the relationships it forges with its neighbours (Article 8 TEU), and the terms of the possible accession of a state outside the European Union (Article 49 TEU). Beyond the symbolic, legal and political scope of these themes, the values determine the specific identity of the European Union. Thus, it is appropriate to question the concrete translation of the founding dimension of the values in the integration project and, therefore, to test the strength of community beliefs. The aim of the research is to determine whether a Union based on values can withstand the rigour of scientific analysis as well as the pressure of events. In order to demonstrate the consubstantial nature and the irreversibility of the link shared by the European Union and its beliefs, it is crucial to highlight the structural and functional vocation of the values for the Union. Lastly, their existential scope is yet to be assessed as this will depend from the level of their protection, whether political, administrative or judicial
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Rogowska, Anna. "A comparative study of the principles of contract formation under the CISG and English common law in the light of desirability of accession to the CISG by the UK." Thesis, University of Essex, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.573014.
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Is it feasible that the UK accedes to the CISG in the near future? What benefits can be derived from accession in the UK where an established and well-developed system of sales law exists already? The Convention is not free from shortcomings. It may have only little relevance in practice. Parties, also from the CISG contracting states, may often have little awareness of the Convention. Importantly, it is English law that plays a dominant position in cross border trade. However, accession may be nonetheless desirable for the UK. Potentially, many legal and economic advantages can be derived from choosing the CISG to govern international sales agreement. In certain circumstances, the CISG may offer a useful alternative to English law. Besides, a globalisation of trade, which is now a clear reality, has created demands for harmonisation of sales laws. The CISG, adopted by many states already, is an important element of the process of harmonisation. In light of the above considerations, it will be argued in this Thesis that accession to the CISG is desirable for the UK. In approaching the problem, focus will be made on practical aspects of accession to such uniform law as the CISG. Accordingly, arguments in favor of acceding and reasons against ratification in context of special legal, economic and social reality in the UK will be discussed. A study on desirability of accession requires comparative analysis of substantive provisions of the CISG and English law. For the purpose of this study, emphasis will be laid upon fundamental basis of a contract, i.e. offer and acceptance. Those rules will be examined in order to determine their compatibility with English law and efficiency for international sales transaction. It will be argued that similarities of the rules on contract formation demonstrate a growing international consensus in the field of international sales contracts. The UK should be a part of that consensus by adopting the CISG. Furthermore, it is suggested that teaching the CISG in undergraduate mandatory courses of law may contribute to changing the apparently negative attitude of English lawyers towards accession. Ultimately, it may influence the outlook in the UK regarding acceding. This assumption will be examined in light of empirical evidence, i.e. survey on attitudes of UK academics towards the international instruments of contract law conducted across the UK Schools of Law.
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Couto, Maria Inês Pina Cabral de Sá. "O princípio de adesão vigente no código de Processo Penal Português : uma vantagem ou um inconveniente?" Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/30252.
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‘Uma vantagem ou um inconveniente?’ foi a questão da qual se partiu para a elaboração deste trabalho sobre o Princípio de Adesão. Levantadas já bastantes vozes na Doutrina e na Jurisprudência portuguesas no que toca a esta questão, mostra-nos a prática que a discussão pode, e deve, ir mais além. Com isto em mente, e partindo de uma perspetiva prática, pretendeu-se com este trabalho dar voz às perceções de quem, no seu dia-a-dia, se debate com esta figura processual penal, tentando, deste modo, aferir dos reais benefícios e complicações deste princípio na sua atual redação. Para tal, para além da análise das pertinentes questões teóricas já debatidas, foi levado a cabo um levantamento de diversas opiniões de quem - por razões profissionais ou por força de um pontual envolvimento em processo penal - já sentiu que o princípio de adesão, tal como está concebido, nem sempre é tão vantajoso quanto o legislador pretendeu.
This work resulted in a combination of points of view that was intended to culminate in a proposal - not necessarily innovative - of alternative to this principle.<br>'An advantage or an inconvenience' was the question from which this work on the Principle of Adhesion was drawn up. Raised already some voices in the Portuguese Doctrine and Jurisprudence on this issue, the practice shows us that the discussion can, and should, go further. With this in mind, and from a practical perspective, it was intended with this work to give voice to the perceptions of those who, in their daily life, are debating with this criminal procedural figure, trying, in this way, to assess the real benefits and complications of this principle in its current writing. To this end, in addition to analysing the pertinent theoretical issues already discussed, a survey was carried out of several opinions of those who - for professional reasons or due to a specific involvement in criminal proceedings - have already felt that this principle is not always as advantageous as the legislator intended. This work resulted in a combination of innovative points of view and criticism, which was intended to culminate in a proposal - not necessarily innovative but based on reasons hitherto little invoked - as an alternative to this principle.
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Uwamahoro, Julienne. "Barriers to women in accessing principalship in secondary schools in Rwanda: a case study of two secondary schools in the Gicumbi District." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/18808.
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Valentini, Anna. "Il principio di non discriminazione in base al sesso in materia di accesso al lavoro nell'ordinamento giuridico dell'Unione europea : la proposta dell'associazione Choisir la cause des femmes." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10955/42.
Full textBooks on the topic "Principle of accession"
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Harra, Carmen. The eleven eternal principles: Accessing the divine within. Crossing Press, 2009.
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Harra, Carmen. The eleven eternal principles: Accessing the divine within. Crossing Press, 2009.
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Harra, Carmen. The eleven eternal principles: Accessing the divine within. Crossing Press, 2009.
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Harra, Carmen. The eleven eternal principles: Accessing the divine within. Crossing Press, 2009.
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Magda, Raczynska. 2 Loss of Proprietary Interest in an Asset. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198796138.003.0003.
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This chapter examines the circumstances in which title-based interests and security interests are lost in assets in which they were originally held. It first explains how tangible assets subject to proprietary interests may be lost through physical or deemed destruction, as a result of goods becoming a fixture on land, or an accession or a product resulting from a manufacture. It then considers whether the law allows any proprietary protection to a party who loses his/her proprietary interest, with a particular focus on the principle of nemo dat quod non habet (no one can pass a greater interest in property than they have) and the notion of a disposition, including disposition in circumstances triggering possession-based defences. The chapter concludes with a discussion of loss of a proprietary interest through disposition by a third party.
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Zięba, Andrzej A. Niewiasty z pastorałami : portrety ksień klasztoru benedyktynek ormiańskich we Lwowie: historia, konteksty, konserwacja. Ksiegarnia Akademicka Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/9788381386173.
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WOMEN WITH CROSIERS: PORTRAITS OF THE ABBESSES OF THE ARMENIAN BENEDICTINE MONASTERY IN LWÓW/LVIV: HISTORY, CONTEXTS, CONSERVATION There are two reasons why the history of the Armenian nunnery in Lwów in the Kingdom of Poland (now Lviv in Ukraine) are special. The first is the uniqueness of the forms of Armenian female monasticism, the second is the traditional role of women according to Armenian customs. Among Polish Armenians, in Kamieniec Podolski (Kamianets- Podilskyi), Jazłowiec (Yazlovets), and Lwów (Lviv), the idea of community organized by women was not easy to reconcile with the principle of male domination in family life, which was in force among Armenian immigrants to an incomparably higher degree than it was in Polish society. The first Armenian nuns in Poland were therefore completely subordinate to the authority of the elders of an ethnic commune, who even usurped the right to consent to the accession of new candidates. Even deaconesses—which the Armenian Church, unlike other Churches, retained from the times of early Christianity—did not gain an exceptional position (only two Armenian deaconesses are known from the territory of the Kingdom of Poland, both from the end of the 17th century).
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Tallerico, Marilyn. Accessing the Superintendency: The Unwritten Rules (1-Off). Corwin Press, 1999.
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Tallerico, Marilyn. Accessing the Superintendency: The Unwritten Rules (1-Off). Corwin Press, 1999.
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Hone, Joseph. Literature and Party Politics at the Accession of Queen Anne. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814078.001.0001.
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This book is the first detailed study of the final Stuart succession crisis. It demonstrates for the first time the centrality of debates about royal succession to the literature and political culture of the early eighteenth century. Using previously neglected, misunderstood, and newly discovered material, it shows that arguments about Anne’s right to the throne were crucial to the construction of nascent party political identities. Literary texts were the principal vehicle through which contemporaries debated the new queen’s legitimacy. This book sheds fresh light on canonical authors such as Daniel Defoe, Alexander Pope, and Joseph Addison by setting their writing alongside the work of lesser known but nonetheless important figures such as John Tutchin, William Pittis, Nahum Tate, John Dennis, Henry Sacheverell, Charles Leslie, and other anonymous and pseudonymous authors. Through close historical readings, it shows how this new generation of poets, preachers, and pamphleteers transformed older models of succession writing by Milton, Dryden, and others, and imbued conventional genres such as panegyric and satire with their own distinctive poetics. By immersing the major authors in their milieu, and reconstructing the political and material contexts in which those authors wrote, this book demonstrates the vitality of debates about royal succession in early eighteenth-century culture.
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Calabrese, Vittorio. Accessing Your True Potential: Four Core Principles to Being the Best Version of You. Calabrese, Vittorio, 2022.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Principle of accession"
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Pellonpää, Matti. "Reflections on the Principle of Mutual Trust in EU Law and Judicial Dialogue in Europe." In International Actors and the Formation of Laws. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98351-2_3.
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AbstractThe principle of mutual trust plays an important role in EU law, especially in the area of freedom, security and justice. In its Opinion 2/13 on the planned EU accession to the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) considered the draft agreement to be incompatible with EU law, in particular because it did not sufficiently take into account the principle of mutual trust. This chapter examines whether the ECHR is, as suggested by Opinion 2/13, in fact incompatible with EU law and whether this creates an insurmountable obstacle to accession. The chapter argues that the case-law of the two European Courts, rather than confirming such inherent incompatibility, demonstrates a constructive judicial dialogue between them. This is a dialogue in which, in addition to the two supranational Courts, national courts, such as the German Federal Constitutional Court, have given their contribution. While the true nature of the principle of mutual trust in EU law remains subject to debate, close scrutiny reveals it as more of a rebuttable presumption than a full-fledged legal principle. Ultimately, the European and domestic courts involved are shown to have engaged in a useful judicial dialogue that has influenced the shaping of the principle of mutual trust in a manner that can be regarded as satisfactory from the point of view of both the ECHR and the EU.
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Krešić, Mario. "Compulsory Adjudication: An Emerging Principle of European Law and the Western Balkans’ Accession to the European Union?" In Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97917-1_2.
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Djurovic, Olga, and Rados Djurovic. "EU Cooperation with Serbia for Externalization of Asylum." In International Perspectives on Migration. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-74866-0_12.
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AbstractSince 2015, the role of the European Union (EU) in Serbia’s domestic migration, asylum, and refugee protection systems has grown significantly. This occurred in the process of Serbia’s accession to the EU, while formal negotiations about Serbia’s accession started in 2014. Serbian institutions refugee reception asylum and migration management systems are propped up by EU support and funding, and Serbian asylum and migration policy, legislative and field practices are aligned with the EU incentives accordingly. The purpose of the paper is to evaluate the scope of EU policy, legal and financial instruments of support to Serbia related to asylum and migration, their purpose, and their effects, and to evaluate their alignment with the EU and international human rights and refugee law, as well as to evaluate their alignment with the principles of UN Global Compact on Refugees.
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Li, Hui, and He Bai. "MIN-Web." In Principle of Architecture, Protocol, and Algorithms for CoG-MIN. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-3596-2_14.
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Abstract Web technology has become one of the primary methods for accessing information and facilitating communication in today’s digital age [1–3]. With the continuous advancement of the Internet, web technology provides users with convenient, efficient, and secure online experiences. It allows individuals and businesses to create and publish content, interact with others through various platforms and applications, and access a vast array of resources and services seamlessly.
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Tran, Thuy Hang, Hong Hanh Pham, and Thanh Hoa Ha. "Accessing the Sustainable Developments Principle of Protection of the Mekong River’s Water Resources." In Sustainable Development of Water and Environment. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75278-1_17.
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Chiaromonte, William. "Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Italy." In IMISCOE Research Series. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_16.
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Abstract This chapter presents the main characteristics of the Italian social security system, on the one hand, and Italian migration history and key policy developments, on the other hand, in order to analyze the principal eligibility conditions for accessing social benefits (unemployment, health care, pensions, family benefits and guaranteed minimum resources) for national residents, non-national residents and non-resident nationals.
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Stavytskyy, Andriy, and Ganna Kharlamova. "SDGs Realization for the Renovation of Ukraine." In Contributions to Security and Defence Studies. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-66434-2_3.
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AbstractThe chapter explores the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine and its integration into the European and global economy. It emphasizes the need for strategic planning to achieve peace and outlines steps for sustainable development until 2030. The paper discusses the necessity of rapid reforms to modernize the economy, prioritize clean and resource-efficient practices, and address environmental risks. Special attention is given to the management of post-war waste and the adoption of new principles for resource processing. The importance of harmonizing Ukrainian legislation with EU standards is highlighted, with a focus on reforms necessary for EU accession. The paper outlines a roadmap for achieving Sustainable Development Goals post-war. Key challenges include geopolitical shifts, the duration of the conflict, and the need for significant financial assistance. The chapter concludes with the potential for Ukraine to become a regional economic centre in case of SDG implementation with EU support and substantial financial aid for post-war recovery and integration.
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Arnull*, Anthony. "The Rule of Law in the European Union." In Accountability and Legitimacy in the European Union. Oxford University PressOxford, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199255603.003.0014.
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Abstract In the aftermath of the Second World War, the rule of law occupied a prominent place in international efforts to safeguard human rights and maintain peace and security. Like human rights, however, the rule of law was not mentioned in the original European Community Treaties. The omission was not rectified until Maastricht, when the term appeared in the preamble to the Treaty on European Union and new provisions on a common foreign and security policy and development cooperation. Since then, the concept has assumed an increasing profile in the affairs of the Union. In June 1993, the Copenhagen European Council included the rule of law among the criteria which the candidate countries of Central and Eastern Europe would have to meet before accession. At Amsterdam, the rule of law was specified as one of the principles on which the Union was to be regarded as founded: The Treaty on European Union was amended to restrict the right to apply for membership of the Union to European States which respect those principles. forever, a serious and persistent breach of such a principle by a Member State might henceforward lead to the suspension of its rights.
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Stevens, Robert. "Things." In The Laws of Restitution. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192885029.003.0011.
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Abstract In the common law, the recovery of things to which another has title is mediated through the law of torts. Whether the plaintiff can recover a thing that he no longer possesses, but once had title to, may depend upon whether he has transferred his title to another. In the common law, the transfer of title to goods may be dependent upon the validity of the contract that does that conveyance. Title to things may be lost in a number of ways: mixture, accession, and manufacture into a new thing. In principle, it is not possible, at common law, to become automatically entitled to a right for which your right is substituted without your authority (ie there is no ‘common law tracing’). None of these rules concerning the assertion to title to things, including cash, is best conceptualised in terms of unjust enrichment.
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Dynner, Glenn. "David Assaf." In Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 14. Liverpool University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774693.003.0032.
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This chapter analyses David Assaf's The Regal Way: The Life and Times of R. Israel of Ruzhin. Here, Assaf draws upon an astonishing array of sources, several of which were hitherto unknown or neglected, and provides the first critical historical account of the life of the hasidic leader Israel of Ruzhin (1796–1850) and his court. R. Israel, dyslexic and uneducated, assumed hasidic leadership at the age of 16 on the strength of his personality and distinguished yikhus. R. Israel's accession on the strength of yikhus — prestige derived through the scholarly, mystical, or economic achievements of one's forebears and living family members — at so young an age and with so few scholarly qualifications marked, according to Assaf, the triumph of the principle of hereditary succession in Ukrainian hasidism. Throughout his description, Assaf attempts to navigate between the cynical denunciations of R. Israel's ostentatious lifestyle by contemporary maskilim (enlightened reformers) and the rationalizations of R. Israel and his followers.
Conference papers on the topic "Principle of accession"
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Stahi, Tatiana. "The legal institution of artificial real estate accession." In Universitas Europaea: Towards a Knowledge Based Society Through Europeanisation and Globalisation. Free International University of Moldova, 2025. https://doi.org/10.54481/uekbs2024.v1.29.
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This article proposes an analysis of real estate acquisition in contemporary times, starting from a brief history of acquisition and legal regulations, in particular it examines the legal nature of artificial real estate acquisition. The issue of the existence of two properties with different owners was resolved in Roman law through the ruling that one of them could acquire ownership rights, a solution that has been adopted and developed by modern legislation. Analyzing the institution of accession from a historical perspective, highlighting the legislative provisions and how accession operates in terms of establishing a new property right, allows for a deeper understanding of the institution within the Civil Code and the modifications that have occurred. To understand how this principle operates, we will emphasize the defining features of accession, its operating mechanism, as well as the explanation of specific notions related to accession.
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Filatova, Victoria. "Principle of subsidiarity in the work of the European Court of Human Rights." In The 20th anniversary of Russia's accession to the Council of Europe. History and prospects ». INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23325.
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Ivanov, Aleksey. "The use of the pacta sunt servanda principle in the protection of human rights and freedoms." In The 20th anniversary of Russia's accession to the Council of Europe. History and prospects ». INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23306.
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Hach, Elena. "The competence of the national anti-corruption directorate, the current legislative framework and characteristics." In Rule of Law and Economic Resilience in the Context of Moldova's Accession to the European Union. Moldova State University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.59295/rler2024.02.
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The paper tries to deal with the special competence of National Anticorruption Directorate, the present-day framework and the particularities of this specialized body. We have taken into consideration the autonomous form of competence different from the traditional competence, the principle of the compulsory penal pursuit carried out by the specialized prosecutor and the compliance with the investigations carried out, the principle of legacy and the usual competence of the other Public Ministry Units.
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Azeez, Sardar. ""Violation of the principle of equality when drafting the punitive text Legislation issued by the Parliament of the Kurdistan Region as a model"." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DEFICIENCIES AND INFLATION ASPECTS IN LEGISLATION. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicdial.pp85-103.
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Observing the principle of equality when drafting punitive texts is one of the basic components of successful legislative drafting . And that equality before the law is closely related to justice, because justice requires the formulation of the rules of the law in a general and abstract manner in a way that all those who address the law enjoy its protection and are subject to accountability. Since there are international charters and treaties that Iraq has joined or ratified, most of them contain explicit texts about the equality of individuals before the law. Therefore, the legislative drafting of punitive texts in a manner that achieves equality is an implementation of the international obligations resulting from ratification or accession to these international conventions and treaties. In addition, laws that are legislated in contravention of the principle of equality are considered unconstitutional laws because they are in violation of the Constitution, and the provisions of ordinary law may not contradict the principles of the Constitution.
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Mocanu, Natalia, Andrei Botezatu, and Nadiia Davydenko. "Management of public finances at local public authority level and the impact on agriculture development." In Rule of Law and Economic Resilience in the Context of Moldova's Accession to the European Union. Moldova State University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.59295/rler2024.35.
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The formation of local budgets is a complex process through which local authorities plan and manage the financial resources necessary to cover current expenses and to support development projects in communities. The local budget is an essential tool in the efficient administration of public affairs at the level of a certain locality or region. The developments of the European construction had a major impact on the national and territorial collectivities. The Maastricht Treaty was appreciated as a step towards the official recognition of local and regional territorial collectivities by the European Community. Placing in the foreground the principle of subsidiarity, which was initially applied to the relations between the European Union and its member states, contributed to the promotion of policies favorable to the decentralization of power. However, local and regional autonomy were seen as institutional challenges for the states of Central and Eastern Europe, which had to restore their political system following the collapse of the totalitarian one, but also as a challenge to the traditional forms of the state, which are increasingly facing with systemic crises that inhibit its sustainable development. However, local and regional autonomy were seen as institutional challenges for the states of Central and Eastern Europe, which had to restore their political system following the collapse of the totalitarian one, but also as a challenge to the traditional forms of the state, which are increasingly facing with systemic crises that inhibit its sustainable development. Despite the efforts made, the state of affairs in this regard in the Republic of Moldova remains uncertain, characterized by a set of complicated developments and insignificant progress.
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Bardin, Lev. "Attorneys in the Internet. Principles. Problems. Solutions." In The 20th anniversary of Russia's accession to the Council of Europe. History and prospects ». INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23322.
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Volova, Larisa. "The correlation of the basic principles of international law and the principles of the Council of Europe with permissible restrictions on human rights and freedoms." In The 20th anniversary of Russia's accession to the Council of Europe. History and prospects ». INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23305.
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Angelopoulos, Nicos, and Jan Wielemaker. "Accessing biological data as Prolog facts." In PPDP'17: 19th International Symposium on Principles and Practice of Declarative Programming. ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3131851.3131857.
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Rabrenović, Aleksandra. "Public service and human resources management standards in 2023 Principles of public administration – something old and something new?" In nternational scientific thematic conference From national sovereignty to negotiation sovereignty "Days of Law Rolando Quadri", Belgrade, 14 June 2024. Institute of Comparative Law : University "Niccolò Cusano", 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56461/zr_24.fnstns.15.
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The objective of the paper is to examine what are the key novelties in the SIGMA/ OECD Human Resources Management (HRM) standards set out in the 2023 edition of the Principles of Public Administration. The public administration reform values contained in the revised version of the Principles have become new benchmarks against which the progress in public administration reform will be measured in the EU acceding countries. The author concludes that a new edition of the Principles of Public Administration from 2023 imposes fewer rules while requiring better practices and results in the analysed areas of public service and HRM, taking into account emerging social context changes (i.e. digitalisation, need for more flexibility in working arrangements etc.) which is a welcome development. The Principles also demonstrate a gradual change of the requirements of the EU for accession to potential member states in the field of public administration, from "check-box" approach towards assessing the effects of the reform in practice. The question, however, remains to which extent the new version of the Principles will be able to exert pressure on public administration reform efforts in the acceding countries, especially in politically sensitive areas such as civil service politicisation. The author concludes that this will largely depend on the EU’s decision on “what matters most” in the accession process and the ability of the acceding countries to apply and internalize key Principles’ values, such as professionalism, integrity and neutrality.
Reports on the topic "Principle of accession"
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Taskforce, ECMI. ECMI White Paper. EU Enlargement and National Minorities: Lessons from the Past and Challenges for the Future. European Centre for Minority Issues, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53779/qlaa2988.
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n 2024, the European Union reinvigorated its enlargement agenda by initiating membership negotiations with Ukraine and Moldova. Recognizing the critical intersection of minority rights and the accession process, the ECMI convened a Taskforce of international experts to analyze these developments. Their work culminated in the publication of the ECMI White Paper: EU Enlargement and National Minorities: Lessons from the Past and Challenges for the Future—a landmark document that provides a roadmap for integrating minority protection into the EU’s enlargement strategy.This White Paper serves as the launching document of ECMI's current research within this theme. It synthesizes lessons from past enlargement waves, identifies eight thematic and regional areas where minority issues will be pivotal, and offers actionable recommendations for policymakers. It emphasizes that minority rights are not just an accession requirement but a fundamental principle for ensuring the EU’s internal cohesion and credibility in a time of geopolitical uncertainty.
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Vandendriessche, Marie, ed. Policy Brief 4: Forging a Credible Enlargement Policy. EsadeGeo. Center for Global Economy and Geopolitics, 2024. https://doi.org/10.56269/202402/mv.
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In the aftermath of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, enlargement has shot to the top of the EU’s agenda. However, the accession policy is hardly fit for purpose. With EU Member States now exerting control over the enlargement process – exploiting it for their own benefits as and when necessary – they undermine both the accession principles and general Union objectives, as set out in the Lisbon Treaty. The disjuncture between the enlargement policy and geopolitical realities leaves aspiring states (especially those from Eastern Europe) in a precarious limbo. We offer a set of essential recommendations to rectify some problems in a way that does not require Treaty change. 1. Reduce the Council’s role in the technical aspects of the negotiation process 2. Switch from unanimity to qualified majority voting for routine decisions on accession negotiations 3. Set a target date for admitting new Member States to restore the credibility of enlargement 4. Ensure that the accession process is merit-based.
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Bassols Jacas, Raimundo. Interaction between the Government and the Spanish Civil Society during the Negotiations for the Accession of Spain into the European Union. Inter-American Development Bank, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011004.
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Western countries have established themselves and developed over the last two centuries in the model of the Nation-State, founded on national sovereignty. Civil societies from these countries have been educated and conditioned to respect and fully accept the principles and symbols of a sovereign Nation. They are sharply nationalistic civil societies. This interactive relationship between the Governments and their respective civil societies are the reason that motivates this paper.
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Shahid, Shaouli, Brandon Lau, Jacqui Holub, and Nicola O’Neil. Support along the cancer pathway for Aboriginal People. The Sax Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/nscx4826.
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This Evidence Check Review, commissioned by the Cancer Institute NSW, reviewed recent evidence relating to cancer care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (ATSI) peoples and Indigenous peoples from New Zealand and Canada. It aimed to identify barriers to accessing screening, diagnosis, treatment, and management; and effective approaches and interventions for improving access to and coordination of care. The review identifies a number of barriers and summarises effective approaches to improving care. It includes identified strategies and models, and presents a set of key considerations and principles that should be at the forefront of all efforts, policies and initiatives to improve cancer outcomes for ATSI Australians.
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Sabatino, Ester, Gustavo Müller, and Gustavo Ramírez Buchheister. The EU’s Approach to Nexus Issues in Conflict Prevention, Mediation and Resolution: Climate, Development and Gender. EsadeGeo. Center for Global Economy and Geopolitics, 2023. https://doi.org/10.56269/202310es.
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This working paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the European Union's (EU) approach to nexus issues in conflict prevention, mediation, and resolution. In the realm of gender and conflict, it emphasises the EU's commitment to mainstreaming gender in its peacebuilding efforts in Guatemala. The EU aims to tackle gender-based violence and enhance women's political and economic participation. Despite its clear objectives, there is a level of ambiguity regarding the alignment of these actions with transformative gender principles, particularly regarding indigenous and rural communities in Latin America. With the case of Serbia, the paper delves into the EU's strategy concerning the security-development nexus. The Union employs the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance to fund development projects that align with its priorities for the Western Balkans. However, challenges arise due to Serbia's financial constraints and administrative capacity. Meanwhile, the Arctic, characterised by its fragile environment and geopolitical significance, presents the EU with intricate challenges in the face of climate change. Past disputes over jurisdictional issues exemplify the complexities the EU encounters in the region. Yet, the EU's efforts to fortify its Arctic presence signal its commitment to the region with a fast- changing geopolitical landscape. Throughout these analyses, China's growing global presence surfaces as a recurrent theme. In the Arctic, China's growing interests pose challenges to regional governance and sustainability. In Serbia, Chinese investments, though beneficial in infrastructure development, raise sustainability and debt concerns. In Central America, China's economic and geopolitical engagements contrast with the EU's emphasis on human rights, democratic governance, and gender mainstreaming. The paper concludes by highlighting the multifaceted nature of the EU's approach to these nexus issues, stressing the need for coherence across various EU instruments and adaptation to local realities in partner countries and regions. In addition, it underscores the significance of aligning the EU's strategies towards individual countries with broader regional approaches.
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Smith, David, Katie Shearn, Joanne Lidster, et al. Research-Informed Teaching Toolkit. Sheffield Hallam University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7190/steer/research_informed_teaching.
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Research-informed teaching is a term used to describe the different ways in which students are exposed to research content and activities during their time at university. Depending on your discipline this could also be called practice-informed teaching. A four-year body of research involving over 600 students from across Sheffield Hallam University has been used to draw together the following five key Curriculum Design Principles to embed research and practice into teaching:1) Embed research and practice skills at the course level and develop them through the course. Moving students from consumers of research and best practice to creators of research and best practice. 2) Academic research and practice can form the basis of taught content and be used as direct examples of applied knowledge. 3) Accessing research literature is a high-level skill and requires scaffolding. 4) Research and practice skills should be taught in context and task linked. 5) Research undertaken by the students should be co-created, with students involved in the design process. Students and University staff from Sport, Nursing, Midwifery, Biosciences and Chemistry were involved in the creation of this toolkit. This toolkit is most relevant for those looking to embed research-informed teaching in their practice. The toolkit includes an introduction to research-informed teaching, how students perceive research, the barriers and enablers for staff and students to engage with research-informed teaching, skills students develop and ideas for the integration of research-informed teaching.
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Herrera, Diego, Walter Pereira, Ludmila Volochen, and Ana María Zárate Moreno. Open Finance in Latin America and the Caribbean: Great Opportunities, Large Challenges. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004937.
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This document is a comprehensive study of open finance, its context, and its value for the financial system in Latin America and the Caribbean. It also delves into the intricacies of the open finance ecosystem and analyzes its risks and opportunities. The document describes the status of the development of open finance in the region and discusses the challenges faced in implementing the ecosystem there. Finally, this text guides financial regulators and supervisors, considering international best practices and regional distinctions. This document examines how the regulatory framework can contribute to handing power over data to financial consumers, allowing them to obtain better conditions for accessing and using financial products with security and efficiency. These conditions translate into facilitating access to the financial market for financially excluded consumers, reducing the prices for financial services among those already served, and facilitating portability or switching between providers. A study of the region highlights the benefits of open finance, such as increased competition, greater financial inclusion, and reduced entry barriers for consumers, but also acknowledges the risks, including cybersecurity and consumer-protection risks. The document emphasizes the need for robust data-protection regulations, consumer safeguards, and technological infrastructure to establish a sustainable and secure open finance ecosystem. The objective is to understand open finance, its role in the modern financial landscape, and its potential benefits and challenges. This document also aims to establish principles for a specific regulatory framework that facilitates the development of open finance in the region. This research is a collaborative effort between the Financial Data and Technology Association and the Inter-American Development Bank through its FintechLAC initiative.
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Kelly, Elish, and Bertrand Maître. Identification Of Skills Gaps Among Persons With Disabilities And Their Employment Prospects. ESRI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/sustat107.
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In 2013, the Irish Government published its National Disability Strategy Implementation Plan 2013-2015. As part of this strategy, a number of goals were set around participation, including job access for people with disabilities. This specific objective recommended a number of actions, including the commitment to publish a comprehensive employment strategy (CES) for people with disabilities. This strategy, the Comprehensive Employment Strategy for People with Disabilities, was published in 2015 for the period 2015-2024. The objective of this strategy, which is cross-governmental, is to support people with disabilities in accessing the labour market. Building on existing actions in the CES, the National Disability Authority (NDA) commissioned the Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI) to undertake quantitative research into the workplace skills and abilities of persons with disabilities. To undertake this research, a number of nationally representative data sources were utilised to characterise the skills/educational endowments and gaps among persons with disabilities compared to those without. Specifically, data from the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC), the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), the Census of Population, and the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) were examined. Where the data permitted, we differentiated those with a disability by type, everyday difficulties (e.g. difficulty dressing), and/or severity level. We also examined the employment characteristics of people with disabilities compared to persons without, and investigated the impact of having a disability on an individual’s employment prospects. What follows is a summary of the principal findings from this research, including some discussion on future directions.
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Kelly, Elish, and Bertrand Maître. Identification Of Skills Gaps Among Persons With Disabilities And Their Employment Prospects. ESRI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/sustat107.
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In 2013, the Irish Government published its National Disability Strategy Implementation Plan 2013-2015. As part of this strategy, a number of goals were set around participation, including job access for people with disabilities. This specific objective recommended a number of actions, including the commitment to publish a comprehensive employment strategy (CES) for people with disabilities. This strategy, the Comprehensive Employment Strategy for People with Disabilities, was published in 2015 for the period 2015-2024. The objective of this strategy, which is cross-governmental, is to support people with disabilities in accessing the labour market. Building on existing actions in the CES, the National Disability Authority (NDA) commissioned the Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI) to undertake quantitative research into the workplace skills and abilities of persons with disabilities. To undertake this research, a number of nationally representative data sources were utilised to characterise the skills/educational endowments and gaps among persons with disabilities compared to those without. Specifically, data from the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC), the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), the Census of Population, and the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) were examined. Where the data permitted, we differentiated those with a disability by type, everyday difficulties (e.g. difficulty dressing), and/or severity level. We also examined the employment characteristics of people with disabilities compared to persons without, and investigated the impact of having a disability on an individual’s employment prospects. What follows is a summary of the principal findings from this research, including some discussion on future directions.
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Avis, William. Funding Mechanisms to Local CSOs. Institute of Development Studies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.089.
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Civil society can be broadly defined as the area outside the family, market and state. As such, civil society encompasses a spectrum of actors with a wide range of purposes, constituencies, structures, degrees of organisation, functions, size, resource levels, cultural contexts, ideologies, membership, geographical coverage, strategies and approaches.This rapid literature review collates available literature on funding mechanisms and barriers to local CSOs gaining access to funding and the extent to which funding leads towards organisational development and sustainability. Broadly, it is asserted that in terms of funding, local CSOs often struggle to secure funding equivalent to that of INGOs and their local representatives. Kleibl & Munck (2017) reflect that indigenous non-state actors do not receive large shares of development funding. For example, only 10% of the total funding for US-funded health projects in Uganda was allocated to indigenous non-state actors.Given the diversity of CSOs and the variety of contexts, sectors they work in and the services they supply, it is challenging to summarise funding mechanisms available to local CSOs and the barriers to accessing these. Recent analyses of CSO funding report that while the total CSO funding in many contexts has continued to increase in absolute terms since 2015, its relative importance (as a share of total Overseas Development Assistance) has been decreasing (Verbrugge and Huyse, 2018). They continued that ODA funding channelled through CSOs (i.e., funding that is programmed by the donor government) remains far more important in volumes than ODA channelled directly to CSOs (which is programmed by CSOs themselves).The literature identifies three principal mechanisms by which donors provide financial support to civil society actors: a) Direct support to individual or umbrella organisations; b) Via Southern government; c) Via Intermediaries – largely Northern NGOs.