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1
Schäffner, Christina, and Mark Shuttleworth. "Metaphor in translation." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 25, no. 1 (2013): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.25.1.08shu.
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This paper explores potential benefits of closer interaction between metaphor studies and translation process research. It presents some developments within translation studies that make use of conceptual metaphor theory and illustrates some process research methods for investigating metaphors. The paper considers a number of methodological recommendations and argues that the need to take full account of insights from metaphor studies and associated disciplines is of greatest importance. Another significant potential innovation is the use of a multilingual approach in respect of both product- and process-oriented studies in order to increase both the amount and the generality of data available for analysis. Thirdly, it is important to extend the current source-text (ST) oriented approach. The paper concludes by suggesting some options for triangulating data gathered through a combination of methods.
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Dewi, Haru Deliana. "Translation Studies Research Development in Indonesia." Jurnal Humaniora 31, no. 2 (2019): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.38872.
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This paper is an overview on the development of Translation Studies (TS) research in Indonesia from 2008 to 2018. The study aims to discover whether the TS research conducted by the students of ten Indonesian universities has followed the present trends of TS research in the world. The data were obtained from the final papers (undergraduate theses, Master’s degree theses, and doctoral theses) of the universities having translation programs in Indonesia, particularly on Java and Bali Islands. The titles of the final papers were analyzed to obtain a general idea of what topics of TS research are usually investigated by Indonesian university students. The results show that most of the topics are categorized into text analysis and translation (product-oriented research), and very few belong to the process-oriented research, participant-oriented research, and other themes. This leads to the conclusion that TS research in Indonesia has not yet developed well and has not varied according to the international TS research progress.
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Dewi, Haru Deliana. "Translation Studies Research Development in Indonesia." Jurnal Humaniora 31, no. 2 (2019): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.v31i2.38872.
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This paper is an overview on the development of Translation Studies (TS) research in Indonesia from 2008 to 2018. The study aims to discover whether the TS research conducted by the students of ten Indonesian universities has followed the present trends of TS research in the world. The data were obtained from the final papers (undergraduate theses, Master’s degree theses, and doctoral theses) of the universities having translation programs in Indonesia, particularly on Java and Bali Islands. The titles of the final papers were analyzed to obtain a general idea of what topics of TS research are usually investigated by Indonesian university students. The results show that most of the topics are categorized into text analysis and translation (product-oriented research), and very few belong to the process-oriented research, participant-oriented research, and other themes. This leads to the conclusion that TS research in Indonesia has not yet developed well and has not varied according to the international TS research progress.
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Fereydouni, Sareh, and Amin Karimnia. "Process-oriented Translation Studies: A Case Study Based on Lörscher’s Model." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6, no. 1 (2016): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0601.14.
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Halverson, Sandra L. "Cognitive Translation Studies and the merging of empirical paradigms." Culture & Society issue 4, no. 2 (2015): 310–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ts.4.2.07hal.
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The current reintroduction of the concept of ‘literal translation’ is an important development for two main reasons. Firstly, it has led to a range of intriguing empirical findings. Secondly, this revival exemplifies a more profound development in the field. This paper argues that the trajectory of this concept is one example of how cognitively oriented explanatory models are driving an integration of product- and process-based approaches to translational phenomena. In order to better understand this development and to investigate its potential to change Translation Studies, the paper first provides a brief historical overview and then proceeds to decompose the concept into key constituent parts. Two constituent concepts will be used as the basis for identifying the alternative ways in which product and process-oriented approaches have studied the same phenomenon. As a way of moving forward, pertinent theoretical tools from bilingualism research are identified, and concluding remarks focus on implications for the field.
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Utka, Andrius. "Phases of translation corpus." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 9, no. 2 (2004): 195–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.9.2.03utk.
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The absolute majority of scholarly work in descriptive translation studies is product-oriented. In this article, the focus is moved from product-oriented to process-oriented translation studies by compiling an English – Lithuanian Phases of Translation Corpus (PT corpus). The PT corpus is analysed using quantitative and qualitative analyses. The quantitative analysis using frequency information highlights the difficult word types that either are missing or are inconsistently translated in successive Lithuanian translated versions. The qualitative analysis continues the quantitative research by help of parallel concordancing. The problematic cases of translation are extracted and cases of normalization, systematic replacement of terminology, and influence by the original language are reported.
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AGIRRE, E., X. ARREGI, X. ARTOLA, A. DIAZ DE ILARRAZA, K. SARASOLA, and A. SOROA. "MLDS: A translator-oriented MultiLingual dictionary system." Natural Language Engineering 5, no. 4 (1999): 325–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135132490000228x.
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This paper focuses on the design methodology of the MultiLingual Dictionary-System (MLDS), which is a human-oriented tool for assisting in the task of translating lexical units, oriented to translators and conceived from studies carried out with translators. We describe the model adopted for the representation of multilingual dictionary-knowledge. Such a model allows an enriched exploitation of the lexical-semantic relations extracted from dictionaries. In addition, MLDS is supplied with knowledge about the use of the dictionaries in the process of lexical translation, which was elicitated by means of empirical methods and specified in a formal language. The dictionary-knowledge along with the task-oriented knowledge are used to offer the translator active, anticipative and intelligent assistance.
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Harris, Brian. "Origins and conceptual analysis of the term ‘traductologie/translatology’." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 57, no. 1 (2011): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.57.1.02har.
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The term <i>traductologie</i> was coined in the early 1970s to correspond to the establishment of translation as a valid object of scientific and academic study. Its English equivalent is usually <i>translation studies</i> but sometimes translatology.<p>Traductologie has two conceptual levels: the metalevel of study and analysis and the object level of what is thus examined, namely translations and translating. Both levels are variegated. The metalevel can usefully be mapped into broad ‘paradigms’ or disciplinary approaches: literary, linguistic, semiotic, philosophical, historical, lexico-terminological, automated (MT), prescriptive and pedagogical, scientific-experimental, text and corpus oriented, process oriented, social etc. The object level is traditionally divided between written translation and oral translation (<i>interpretation</i>), and the former is often categorized by ‘text types’.<p>Permutations of the meta and object categories characterize different varieties of traductologie. When discoursing about it, one should be aware that a statement that is meaningful in one variety may be meaningless in another.<p>
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Halverson, Sandra L. "Metalinguistic Knowledge/Awareness/Ability in Cognitive Translation Studies: Some Questions." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business, no. 57 (June 11, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v0i57.106191.
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Throughout the history of contemporary Translation Studies, theoretical, empirical and pedagogically oriented work has made use of a range of notions that assume a translator’s metalinguistic knowledge, or knowledge about language, rather than knowledge of a language or languages. Examples include ideas such as ‘translation strategies’, translational ‘problem-solving’, ‘the monitor model’ and models of translator competence. Issues related to learning, automatization, and consciousness also figure in many of the discussions. At the same time, studies in bi- and multilingualism and second (and third) language acquisition have also developed a range of related ideas and concepts to deal with some of the same issues and concerns in bi- and multilingual language production more broadly (see e.g. Jessner 2006: 40-43). Some recent translation process studies have begun to target questions related to metalinguistic awareness (e.g. Ehrensberger-Dow/Künzli 2010, Ehrensberger-Dow/Perrin 2009) while the underlying assumptions of some of the commonly used ideas are also being questioned (e.g. Muñoz Martín 2016a). The range of available ideas, the significant differences between them, and the increasingly important role these ideas are playing in cognitive translation research mandate a critical look at this conceptual field. In this paper, I present some current views on metalinguistic knowledge/awareness/ability within the bi- and multilingualism and second language acquisition (SLA) literature, and compare these to some of the most widely used constructs in Cognitive Translation Studies (CTS). The aim is to clear the conceptual ground and to single out some of the most pressing questions to be addressed regarding this particular aspect of translational cognition.
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Glynn, Dominic. "Theater Translation Research Methodologies." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 19 (January 1, 2020): 160940692093714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1609406920937146.
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Theater translation is an emerging area of research. However, to date, there has been no detailed consideration of the type of methodologies required to conduct such research. This article examines methods and practices in both theater and translation studies in order to discuss their applicability to study theater translation specifically. It categorizes existing research into output-oriented and process-oriented elaborating the specificities of each. The methods include comparative analysis of the translated texts with their source texts and production reviews. This article also outlines ethical issues in conducting research into theater translation.
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Małgorzewicz, Anna, and Patricia Hartwich. "Kooperatives Übersetzen bei der Filmübersetzung – translationsdidaktische Überlegungen und Erfahrungen." Germanica Wratislaviensia 141 (February 15, 2017): 439–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0435-5865.141.28.
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Im Zuge der Umstrukturierung des Masterstudiengangs Germanistik an der Universität Wrocław infolge der 2011 in Polen eingeleiteten Hochschulreform wurde das Studienprogramm für die Spezialisierung „Translatorik“ neu konzipiert und um die projektorientierte Lehrveranstaltung „Kooperatives Übersetzen“ erweitert, die im Sommersemester 2015 zum ersten Mal durchgeführt wurde. Ziel dieses Projekts war die auftragsgerechte polnische Untertitelung des deutschen Kinderfilms „Lola auf der Erbse“ Regie: Thomas Heinemann, wobei die Studierenden sich einerseits mit den spezifischen Anforderungen audiovisueller Translationsformen vertraut machten und andererseits die Möglichkeit erhielten, team- und kommunikationsorientierte Arbeitsformen gewinnbringend für den Lern- und Arbeitsprozess zu nutzen und entsprechende Kompetenzen zu entwickeln.Cooperative translation in the process of translating a film — observations and experience in regard to didactic aspects of translationIn the course of restructuring of the MA programme of German Studies at the University of Wrocław following the university reform introduced in Poland in 2011, the study programme of the translation specialization was redesigned and enriched with the project-oriented seminar called “Cooperative Translation,” which was organized for the first time in the summer term of 2015. The objective of this project was to create Polish subtitles suitable for the target audience for the German children’s film Lola auf der Erbse director: Thomas Heinemann. On the one hand, the students familiarized themselves with the technical requirements specific to the audio-visual translation methods. On the other hand, they had an opportunity to develop relevant capabilities and to use team-oriented and communication-oriented types of student work which were profitable for the learning process and the working process.
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Witczak, Olga, and Rafał Jaworski. "CAT Tools Usability Test with Eye-Tracking and Key-Logging: Where Translation Studies Meets Natural Language Processing." Między Oryginałem a Przekładem 24, no. 41 (2018): 49–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/moap.24.2018.41.03.
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Computer assisted tools used to seem as though not made from the point of view of their targeted users [O’Brien, 2012:15]. However, their usability has been improving. In Translation Studies there exists a gap in research on process-oriented usability involving data triangulation. In our study based on the assumption that translation is a situated and complex activity [Risku, 2002, 2004], we aimed to address this gap with our experiment testing a new tool for translators, Concordia. This usability experiment with eye-tracking, keylogging, and screen recording directly involved translators (six translation trainees) in the development process through objectively collected data on effectiveness and efficiency of Concordia. Their satisfaction with Concordia was also a part of the usability test. We hypothesised that participants would be more efficient and effective when translating European Union texts with Concordia and that they will be satisfied with the tool. The results indicate that Concordia at its current state of development does not facilitate the process, but the participants were generally satisfied with the tool’s features.
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Laukkanen, Johanna. "Affective and Attitudinal Factors in Translation Processes1." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 8, no. 2 (1996): 257–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.8.2.04lau.
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Abstract The role of affective and attitudinal factors in translation has lately attracted increasing attention within process-oriented translation research. Think-aloud studies show that affective factors play an important part in the decision-making processes of translation. In the present TAP study the affective dimension of translation was researched via evaluative utterances produced by the subject.
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Rodríguez-Inés, Patricia, and Olivia Fox. "Reconciling Institutional and Professional Requirements in the Specialised Inverse Translation Class – A Case Study." Meta 63, no. 1 (2018): 47–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1050514ar.
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Translating into a language that is not one’s native language is no easy task, but one which may be necessary in certain settings. If a market niche exists for professional translators whose working language is not their native language, as studies have shown it does in Spain, it seems appropriate that translation trainees should be encouraged to develop their competence in what is generally known in Translation Studies as inverse (A-B/C) translation, in order to satisfy market requirements. Given current European Higher Education Area (EHEA) requirements for training students for the professional workplace, most translation degree programs in universities in Spain include subjects in which students are required to translate into the foreign language. This paper describes an early attempt to reconcile institutional requirements (curriculum design, assessment, reporting) and professional requirements (development of translation and instrumental competences, together with so-called softskills) in the specialised inverse translation class in the Faculty of Translation and Interpreting of the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. A competence-based, learner-centred, process-oriented curriculum was instituted.
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Shreve, Gregory M., Christina Schäffner, Joseph H. Danks, and Jennifer Griffin. "Is There a Special Kind of “Reading” for Translation?" Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 5, no. 1 (1993): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.5.1.03shr.
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Abstract The role of reading in translation is rarely discussed in the literature. Translation has mainly been discussed within a product-oriented framework. The more process-oriented approaches of recent years have taken notice of reading as a component activity of the translation process. However, few empirical studies have been completed which address the role of reading in translation. The way a person reads, and the result of that reading (some sort of mental representation of the text or text segment), will depend on the reader's purposes and motivations. The present empirical study indicates that while the translator's reading of a text may be to some extent more thorough and deliberate than that of an ordinary reader, it is not likely to be markedly so. The study also indicates a significant variability in the way translators "read for translation". This suggests the existence of alternate strategies in this kind of reading.
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Abdellah, Antar. "Translation pedagogy the missing component in Translation studies in the Arab world." International Journal of research in Educational Sciences 4, no. 1 (2020): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.29009/ijres.4.1.2.
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This article discusses the pedagogical role of translation and its relationship with methods of teaching foreign languages. Translation in education has a long history in foreign language pedagogy. Translation was the only method -along with grammar- that was employed in foreign language classrooms. This long-established relation between language pedagogy and translation was then attacked after the 18th century and translation was accused of hindering good language use. It was claimed to impede the process of understanding and linguistic thinking. However, translation regained its status within language teaching methods recently through the approaches of cognitive psychology and the universal grammar. The article also reviews the evaluative role of translation as a testing technique for measuring translation skills and assessing proficiency in foreign languages. Translation is also a school subject that needs special to be taught through special teaching techniques. In order to so, translation skills are deconstructed to sub-skills on the kernel levels. The article also reviews the different approaches to designing translation curricula. It is concluded that the educational role of translation should appear clearly in the contemporary endeavors to establish Translation Studies as an independent and differentiated discipline that should be hosted in an independent university department separate from departments of foreign languages. The study program for this department should thus include important aspects of translation pedagogy and field-oriented training.
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Bernardini, Silvia. "Think-aloud protocols in translation research." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 13, no. 2 (2001): 241–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.13.2.03ber.
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Over the last decade, Think-aloud Protocols (TAPs) have been used extensively in process-oriented Translation Studies (TS). The serious questions regarding the experimental validity of this research methodology when applied to translation have nonetheless often remained unspoken. This paper surveys the breakthroughs as well as the limits of the growing body of literature dealing with TAPs in TS, points at the necessity to take issues of experimental, theoretical and environmental validity more seriously, and offers suggestions for improvements. The claim is that the risks involved in the adoption of a lax experimental methodology in TAP studies, often underestimated in the past, may invalidate not only the results obtained in the single projects, but, crucially, the method as a whole.
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Torres-Martínez, Sergio. "A semiosic translation of the term “Bild” in both the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus and The Philosophical Investigations." Semiotica 2019, no. 227 (2019): 77–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2016-0137.
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AbstractThis paper introduces and defends a way to translate Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus and the Philosophical Investigations from a semiotic standpoint. This turn builds on Semiosic Translation (Torres-Martínez 2015, Semiosic translation: A new theoretical framework for the implementation of pedagogically-oriented subtitling. Sign Systems Studies 43(1). 102–130), a framework that advances the interaction of sign systems as a necessary point of departure in the translation process. From this vantage, the key term “Bild,” is analyzed, explained and retranslated into English. This term evinces high levels of complexity and variability that cannot be captured by traditional linguistic translations. In applying a semiotic approach, any iteration of Bild is characterized as reflecting the author’s intentions at a given moment (PI: 108). This semiotic reading seeks to provide semioticians, translators, and philosophers with new conceptual tools leading to an understanding of translation as a systemic operation not confined to the realm of subjective interpretation.
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Timko, N. V. "Modern Thesis Research of Linguoculturological Factors in the Theory and Practice of Translation: Approaches, Gaps, Prospects." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 3 (March 27, 2021): 121–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-3-121-138.
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The thesis research carried out over the past 11 years in line with the culturally oriented concept of translation is considered. The main views on the problems of translation presented in more than 200 thesis in the specialty 10.02.20 for 2009—2020 are summarized. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that for the first time an attempt is made to review thesis research on translation topics, considering the “cultural component” as an anticommunicative factor that requires neutralization during translation. The relevance of studying this issue is due to the need to systematize diverse and sometimes contradictory studies in the field of translation, as well as to identify scientific gaps in the translation paradigm that need to be filled. In the process of work, the methods of generalization and interpretation of the results revealed the main approaches to the study of key concepts of translation studies: comparative-transformational and communicative-functional. The key concepts relevant for the study of the factor “culture” in translation were “linguo-ethnic barrier”, “without / equivalence”, “non / translatability”, “strategies for linguocultural adaptation of the text”. Particular attention is paid to identifying problem areas of the science of translation that require further development, which will expand the understanding of the state of modern translation, culturally oriented research, as well as contribute to the general theory of translation.
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Figuera, Renee. "Critical cultural translation." Translating Creolization 2, no. 2 (2016): 195–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttmc.2.2.02fig.
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This case study uses tools from Critical Discourse Analysis and Translation Studies to explain the translation of Creole aesthetics in thirty-two written folktales of Trinidad, after World War I. The serial publication of these local folktales within the Trinidad Weekly Guardian and the Argos newspapers coincided with a period of cultural transformation in Trinidad, when local newspapers became the caretakers of a national literature in print. The researcher uses translation as a metaphor to critically analyze the process and function of intercultural transfer between oral and written folktale cultures, while showing how intercultural translation was effected in the folktale, at this time. In the final analysis, the study traces the forward reach of translating creolization beyond the period of WWI, into a period that is better known for the foregrounding of the Creole under class, in the short stories of Beacon and Trinidad of 1929 to 1930. It is a significant study because it identifies many translation shifts in Creole culture towards establishing the conventions of the modern short story of the 1930’s. In particular, the re-writing of oral tales enabled a discursive shift in focus in favor of the ordinary class, race-relations in society, the melding of folk mythologies for didactic purposes, and a language shift from the folktale’s French-Creole language base to an English-oriented literate culture. In this way, it perpetuated a neo-colonial agenda of translating creolization as the discursive recolonization of Creole folktale culture with exocentric conventions.
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Soriano Barabino, Guadalupe. "Cultural, textual and linguistic aspects of legal translation: A model of text analysis for training legal translators." International Journal of Legal Discourse 5, no. 2 (2020): 285–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijld-2020-2037.
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AbstractLegal translation training involves the acquisition and development of a set of sub-competences that constitute legal translation competence (Cao, Deborah. 2007. Translating law. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters; Prieto Ramos, Fernando. 2011. Developing legal translation competence: An integrative process-oriented approach. Comparative Legilinguistics. International Journal for Legal Communications 5. 7–21; Piecychna, Beata. 2013. Legal translation competence in the light of translational hermeneutics. Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 34(47). 141–159; Soriano Barabino, Guadalupe. 2016. Comparative law for legal translators. Oxford: Peter Lang; Soriano Barabino, Guadalupe. 2018. La formación del traductor jurídico: Análisis de la competencia traductora en traducción jurídica y propuesta de programa formativo. Quaderns: Revista de Traduccio 25. 217–229). The development of those sub-competences is part of a complex process where students are faced with different concepts and translation strategies and techniques which are not necessarily easy to grasp for trainee translators (Way, Catherine. 2014. Structuring a legal translation course: A framework for decision-making in legal translation training. In Le Cheng, King Kui Sin & Anne Wagner (eds.), The Ashgate handbook of legal translation. Farnham: Ashgate), particularly when applied to a legal context. It is our experience that translation students tend to focus on the product (text production) and do not spend enough time analysing the source text, which results in obvious mistakes in mainly – but not only – cultural (legal), textual and linguistic aspects. The interdisciplinary nature of legal translation calls for an integrative model for teaching and learning. The model presented provides trainees with a framework for source text analysis that places the communicative situation and the translation brief at the core from which three fundamental dimensions, based on the aspects mentioned above, develop. Elements such as the legal cultures involved, legal text typologies or the level of specialisation of terms and discourse are some of the aspects to be considered, so allowing trainees to achieve a thorough understanding of the source text for a conscious translation. The model will be applied to a specific source text and translation brief.
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Au, Kenneth Kim-Lung. "Cultural Transfer in Advertisement Translation." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 45, no. 2 (1999): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.45.2.01au.
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Abstract Advertising is a fast growing industry in modern societies. Multinational companies promote their products to various countries by means of glamorous advertisements in different languages. When a product is marketed to another country, usually the original advertisement is translated with appropriate adaptation to cater to the needs of the new market. The process of advertisement translation often is not only a linguistic transfer, but also a cultural transfer. This paper attempts to discuss the relevance of the culturally-oriented approach to translation studies, and the skopos theory as advocated by Hans J. Vermeer in particular, to the cross-cultural communication of advertisement translation. The advertiser plays the key role of Translation Initiator (TI) in the translating process, by outlining the skopos for the translator to fulfill. The paper concludes that equivalent effect is not always the primary concern of translating of advertisement, and at times cultural transposition or adaptation is inevitable in this type of translating. This is not only legitimate, but also necessary, in the attainment of the skopos. Résumé La publicité est une industrie qui se développe rapidement dans nos sociétés modernes. Les sociétés multinationales font la promotion de leurs produits dans différents pays au moyen d'annonces séduisantes dans différentes langues. Lorsqu'un produit est mis sur le marché d'un autre pays, l'annonce d'origine est traduite en l'adaptant de façon appropriée afin de satisfaire aux besoins du nouveau marché. Le processus de la traduction publicitair en'implique pas seulement un transfert linguistique, mais aussi un transfert culturel. Cet article tente de mettre en évidence le bien-fondé d'une approche orientée culturellement des études de traduction, et la théorie du "skopos" telle qu'elle est préconisée par Hans J. Vermeer pour la communication interculturelle de la traduction publicitaire. L'annonceur joue le rôle-clé de Traducteur Initiateur (TI) dans le processus de traduction, en faisant ressortir le skopos à réaliser par le traducteur. L'article a pour conclusion que l'effet d'équivalence n'est pas toujours le souci essentiel de la traduction publicitaire, et parfois, la transposition culturelle ou l'adaptation est inévitable dans ce type de traduction. Ceci n'est pas seulement légitime, mais aussi nécessaire pour atteindre le skopos.
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Vale de Gato, Margarida, Maarten Janssen, Rita Queiroz de Barros, and Susana Valdez. "Teaching and Researching Literary Translation in the Digital Context: PEnPAL in Trans as a Case-study." Matlit Revista do Programa de Doutoramento em Materialidades da Literatura 4, no. 1 (2016): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_4-1_4.
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The digital reinvention of literary studies within literary translation teaching and research informs the PEnPAL in Trans project. This inter-institutional venture joins higher education agents and researchers in Translation Studies, Literary Studies and Linguistics. Elaborating on the notions of process-oriented education and “social constructivism” (Kiraly, 2000), PEnPAL in Trans has developed a specific awareness of the literary translator’s “expert action” (Jones, 2011). Drawing on a project-based philosophy of translation training, it envisions the translated anthology as a collaborative format with potential in the digital environment. The database on English-Portuguese transfer problems under development combines the advantages of translation manuals and example-driven tools as translation memories. Thus, it will constitute a categorized database of examples from hard-to-translate texts together with their translation(s) and translation strategy(ies). This database will be accessible online, thereby providing a public tool on the English-Portuguese language pair. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2182-8830_4-1_4
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Gorshkova, Vera E. "Current Trends in the Russian Translation Theory: Towards a New Methodological Standard of Translation / Book Review: Mishkurov, E. N. Hermeneutics of Translation (Towards Theoretical and Methodological Standard of Translation): Monograph. Moscow, Military University Press, 2018, 298 p. (in Russ.)." NSU Vestnik. Series: Linguistics and Intercultural Communication 17, no. 4 (2019): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7935-2019-17-4-130-137.
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In the second decade of the 21st century Russian translation studies are receiving a fresh impetus. Amid attempts the culture-oriented translatology undertakes to disown principles of the linguistic approach that traces its origin to R. Jakobson’s works, Russian scholars are first and foremost keen on ensuring consistency with methodology of the Soviet and French Canadian school (J.-P. Vinay, J. Darbelnet, G. Mounin, Y. I. Retsker, A. V. Fedorov, E. G. Etkind, etc.) while revisiting existing approaches to translation and recognizing a huge impact the culture has on it. In our opinion, their goal is to develop some universally applicable paradigm, a sort of “framework” theory, that can explain an interaction of all old and new factors in an act of intercultural mediation by means of translation without casting doubt upon translation as such given it has been proving itself as a practice for many centuries. The focus of recent theoretical research is gradually shifted from linguistic reasoning per se towards an in-depth analysis of counterproductive ideas and factors of linguistic and literature studies approaches in the development of the Russian translatology (R. R. Chaykovskiy), discourse aspect of translation within the framework of a communication situation that allows of taking into account all formants of the latter, including the goal and strategy of translation as well as tactics of its implementation (V. V. Sdobnikov), analysis of the transition discourse in a self-organizing translation space forming the translator’s harmonious outlook aimed at harmonizing meanings of interacting languages and cultures (L. V. Kushnina), in-depth analysis of audiovisual translation peculiarities within the process-oriented translation approach that indisputably requires conveying an image-sense of the film dialogue (V. E. Gorshkova), representation of translation as a discourse and communication model facilitating creation of a discourse dossier as a basis for a translation strategy development as exemplified by an institutional discourse (T. A. Volkova), consideration of ways the verbal and cogitative process and translator’s understanding take their course in the mono- and cross-cultural communication (P. P. Dashinimaeva), development of a systemological transdisciplinary model of translation (N. K. Garbovskiy). All these studies implicitly or explicitly touch upon the hermeneutic aspect of translation, a deep philosophical rationale of which has been given in a monograph by E. N. Mishkurov who interprets it as “a hermeneutical turn” and undertakes a critical analysis of fundamental works by F. Schleiermacher, H.-G. Gadamer, W. Benjamin, G. Steiner, P. Ricoeur and other western philosophers as well those by Russian scholars. He postulates that, within a proposed hermeneutic paradigm of translation (HPT), a hermeneutic-translation methodological standard (HTMS) is created as a transdisciplinary interlingual “mental generative” model of translation mediation under the principle of “hermeneutic circle / hermeneutic spiral”. An “algorithm” of the model described as a standard one presupposes that there must be four stages in it: pre-understanding, understanding, interpretation and translator’s decision. The latter is regarded as a stage where phenomenological reduction of interpretation of meanings taking place at the three previous stages is completed. Thus, translations activity is a development and one of the forms of philosophical and hermeneutical treatment of discourse phenomena that considers interpretation as its main tool. E. N. Mishkurov believes that the use of the above mentioned standard allows us to take into account all classic and innovative translation models providing for a “discourse equivalent and pragmatically adequate” version when dealing with different types of texts, their genres, and particularly when translating contexts that cannot be re-expressed by means of regular translation correspondences. The author’s ideas are backed up by examples in Russian, English, French and Arabic.
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Olalla-Soler, Christian. "Using electronic information resources to solve cultural translation problems." Journal of Documentation 74, no. 6 (2018): 1293–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-02-2018-0033.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of electronic information resources to solve cultural translation problems at different stages of acquisition of the translator’s cultural competence. Design/methodology/approach A process and product-oriented, cross-sectional, quasi-experimental study was conducted with 38 students with German as a second foreign language from the four years of the Bachelor’s degree in Translation and Interpreting at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, and ten professional translators. Findings Translation students use a wider variety of resources, perform more queries and spend more time on queries than translators when solving cultural translation problems. The students’ information-seeking process is generally less efficient than that of the translators. Training has little impact on the students’ use of electronic information resources for this specific purpose, since all students use them similarly regardless of the year they are in. Research limitations/implications The study has been conducted with a small sample and only one language pair from a single pedagogical context. The tendencies observed cannot be generalised to the whole population of translation students. Practical implications This paper has implications for translator training, as it encourages the development of efficient information-seeking processes for the resolution of cultural translation problems. Originality/value Unlike other studies, this paper focusses on a specific translation problem type. It provides information related to the students’ information-seeking strategies for the resolution of cultural translation problems, which can be useful for translation training.
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Eardley-Weaver, Sarah. "Opening eyes to opera." Describing Cognitive Processes in Translation: Acts and events 8, no. 2 (2013): 272–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.8.2.08ear.
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In today’s rapidly developing digital age and increasingly socially-aware society, the notion of media accessibility is evolving in response to shifting audience expectations. Performing arts and media, such as opera, are called upon to include all audiences, and related audiovisual translation methods are progressing in this direction. These comprise audio description and touch tours for the blind and partially-sighted, two relatively new translation modalities which are consumer-oriented and require an original research design for the analysis of the translation processes involved. This research design follows two fundamental principles: (1) audience reception studies should be an integral part of the investigation into the translation process; and (2) the translation process is regarded as a network. Therefore, this paper explores the unique translation processes of audio description and touch tours within the context of live opera from the perspective of actor-network theory and by providing an overview of a reception project. Through discussion of the methodology and findings, this paper addresses the question of the impact of audience reception on the translation process.
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Massey, Gary, and Maureen Ehrensberger-Dow. "Translating Conceptual Metaphor: The Processes of Managing Interlingual Asymmetry." Research in Language 15, no. 2 (2017): 173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rela-2017-0011.
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Encountered at all levels of language, conceptual asymmetries between source and target languages present translators with fundamental challenges that require problem awareness, problem identification and problem solving. A case in point is conceptual metaphor in translation. Versions of conceptual metaphor theory have been applied in various productoriented studies of how translators deal with the challenge of metaphor in translation. However, there is potential in combining product-oriented approaches with techniques used to access translators’ cognitive processes, although process-oriented studies on how conceptual metaphor is re-conceptualised or re-mapped in translation are still rare. Building on an exploratory study carried out at our institute, in which findings from translation process data suggest that experience and/or training appears to be a main factor in handling conceptual metaphor, we present some salient features of re-mapping metaphor. Triangulating data from target-text products, keystroke logs and retrospective verbal commentaries collected under very similar conditions in a laboratory setting, we analyse how translators at different levels of experience handle two complex conceptual metaphors. The results appear to suggest that complex metaphor might indeed be culturespecific. They also potentially indicate that re-mapping practices are a function of experience and that re-mapping to a source-language target domain could create more uncertainty than generic-level re-mapping. Both findings hold pedagogical implications, which are discussed together with some methodological issues.
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Haynes, Emma, Harry Hohnen, Judith M. Katzenellenbogen, Benjamin D. Scalley, and Sandra C. Thompson. "Knowledge translation lessons from an audit of Aboriginal Australians with acute coronary syndrome presenting to a regional hospital." SAGE Open Medicine 4 (January 1, 2016): 205031211666111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312116661114.
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Objective: Translation of evidence into practice by health systems can be slow and incomplete and may disproportionately impact disadvantaged populations. Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death among Aboriginal Australians. Timely access to effective medical care for acute coronary syndrome substantially improves survival. A quality-of-care audit conducted at a regional Western Australian hospital in 2011–2012 compared the Emergency Department management of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal acute coronary syndrome patients. This audit is used as a case study of translating knowledge processes in order to identify the factors that support equity-oriented knowledge translation. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of the audit team and further key stakeholders with interest/experience in knowledge translation in the context of Aboriginal health. Interviews were analysed for alignment of the knowledge translation process with the thematic steps outlined in Tugwell’s cascade for equity-oriented knowledge translation framework. Results: In preparing the audit, groundwork helped shape management support to ensure receptivity to targeting Aboriginal cardiovascular outcomes. Reporting of audit findings and resulting advocacy were undertaken by the audit team with awareness of the institutional hierarchy, appropriate timing, personal relationships and recognising the importance of tailoring messages to specific audiences. These strategies were also acknowledged as important in the key stakeholder interviews. A follow-up audit documented a general improvement in treatment guideline adherence and a reduction in treatment inequalities for Aboriginal presentations. Conclusion: As well as identifying outcomes such as practice changes, a useful evaluation increases understanding of why and how an intervention worked. Case studies such as this enrich our understanding of the complex human factors, including individual attributes, experiences and relationships and systemic factors that shape equity-oriented knowledge translation. Given the potential that improving knowledge translation has to close the gap in Aboriginal health disparities, we must choose strategies that adequately take into account the unique contingencies of context across institutions and cultures.
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Hamilton, Norma Diana, and Israel Victor De Melo. "The critical enterprise in translating Black women writers’ authorship: a description on Who slashed Celanire’s throat? and The Women of Tijucopapo." Mutatis Mutandis. Revista Latinoamericana de Traducción 13, no. 2 (2020): 445–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.mut.v13n2a12.
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This paper is focused on the critical enterprise involved in the translation of Black female authorship from Afro-Caribbean and Latin American contexts into the English language. More specifically, it looks at the circumstances of the translation of the fictional narratives Célanire cou-coupé (2000) by the Guadeloupian Maryse Condé and As mulheres de Tijucopapo (1982) by the Brazilian Marilene Felinto, as well as the publications of the versions in English: Who slashed Celanire’s Throat? (2004) and The Women of Tijucopapo (1994), respectively. We take on a cultural perspective within the field of translation studies and it may be inserted within the theoretical and descriptive branch, being product-process oriented. From general cultural social theories, we draw on the works of Black female intellectuals, Lélia Gonzalez, Patricia Hill-Collins, Denise Carrascosa, and many others, in dialogue with the perspectives of cultural theorists from translation studies, André Lefevere, Lawrence Venuti, and others. Based on the models of descriptive analysis within this field by Gideon Toury and others, we propose a description of the translation (process and product) of Condé’s and Felinto’s novels.
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Taylor, D. P., M. Yoshida, K. Fuller, et al. "Translating Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Regenerative Medicine Innovations to the Clinic through Interdisciplinary Commercial Translation Architecture." Journal of Dental Research 100, no. 10 (2021): 1039–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345211009502.
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Few university-based regenerative medicine innovations in the dental, oral, and craniofacial (DOC) space have been commercialized and affected clinical practice in the United States. An analysis of the commercial translation literature and National Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Research’s (NIDCR’s) portfolio identified barriers to commercial translation of university-based DOC innovations. To overcome these barriers, the NIDCR established the Dental Oral Craniofacial Tissue Regeneration Consortium. We provide generalized strategies to inform readers how to bridge the “valley of death” and more effectively translate DOC technologies from the research laboratory or early stage company environment to clinical trials and bring needed innovations to the clinic. Three valleys of death are covered: 1) from basic science to translational development, 2) from translational technology validation to new company formation (or licensing to an existing company), and 3) from new company formation to scaling toward commercialization. An adapted phase-gate model is presented to inform DOC regenerative medicine teams how to involve regulatory, manufacturability, intellectual property, competitive assessments, business models, and commercially oriented funding mechanisms earlier in the translational development process. An Industrial Partners Program describes how to conduct market assessments, industry maps, business development processes, and industry relationship management methods to sustain commercial translation through the later-stage valley of death. Paramount to successfully implementing these methods is the coordination and collaboration of interdisciplinary teams around specific commercial translation goals and objectives. We also provide several case studies for translational projects with an emphasis on how they addressed DOC biomaterials for tissue regeneration within a rigorous commercial translation development environment. These generalized strategies and methods support innovations within a university-based and early stage company-based translational development process, traversing the many funding gaps in dental, oral, and craniofacial regenerative medicine innovations. Although the focus is on shepherding technologies through the US Food and Drug Administration, the approaches are applicable worldwide.
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Pavlović, Nataša, and Goranka Antunovic. "The effect of interpreting experience on distance dynamics." Describing Cognitive Processes in Translation: Acts and events 8, no. 2 (2013): 233–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.8.2.06pav.
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The aim of this process-oriented study is to test the literal translation hypothesis, i.e., the frequently held view that, in their search for the most suitable translation solution, translators move from more literal towards freer renderings. The study uses keystroke-logging to investigate translation processes involving self-revision in terms of ‘distance dynamics.’ The latter term refers to the fact that each new solution to a particular translation problem can be closer or more distant from the source item than the previous one. A more specific hypothesis is also tested, namely that experience in interpreting has an effect on distance dynamics. To this end, processes of two groups of subjects — translators without substantial interpreting experience, and interpreters — are compared. The findings challenge the literal translation hypothesis, and highlight some methodological issues that should be tackled in future studies.
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Reva, I. A. "Expressive component of the interpreter’s emotional response in consecutive interpreting." Bulletin of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, no. 4 (335) (2020): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2844-2020-4(335)-177-185.
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The article highlights the main issues of consecutive bilateral interpretation from the point of view psycholinguistics and translation studies. The daily translation is a well-established, ordinary, new terminology, which is translated according to a one-sided (sequential) model. The lexical stock of the translator is characterized as a complex system of language units, where the important place is occupied by functional words that serve as connecting or expressive elements in semantic units-phrases and sentences. The communicative process, which is performed according to its status of the language level has analyzed. Varieties of the speaker’s language have distinguished in translation practice. The concept of oral and consecutive translation has substantiated. The sign system of communication has developed. Praxemics has considered as one of the areas of psychology in the study of nonverbal communication, that is covering the doctrine of touch, kinesics, time structure. The physiological basis of the translator’s perception has revealed. The translator is a person who constantly interacts with the world around him. Any act of such interaction is based on the sensory representation of its immediate environment, which includes general orientation, assessment of the location relevant objects, their physical properties, situational significance, behavioral, symbolic or aesthetic content. The concept of „primary information” has formulated, which serves as a source for the emergence and functioning of higher forms of mental activity that is going beyond the immediate given and provide regulation of various oriented, cognitive, practical activities (locomotion, problem solving, social communication or labor operations etc.).
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Costantino, Lorenzo. "Translation theories in “the other Europe”." Translation and Interpreting Studies 10, no. 2 (2015): 243–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.10.2.05cos.
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Since the mid-1950s much research has been carried out in the field of translation theories in Poland. Although the results that emerged were often of considerable interest, Polish translation theories are often ignored by experts in the West. This article investigates the Polish contribution to theoretical discussions of translation. Early contributions to the debate, in 1955, characterized by a “linguistic” approach, warned against theories limiting the “unit of translation” to single words, thus neglecting the “text.” Linguist O. A. Wojtasiewicz stressed the semiotic, psychological, and cultural nature of translation. Around the mid-1960s a group of scholars from the “Poznań School” focused on literary translation. They saw literary translation as a semiotic process and produced a theoretical and descriptive research that could be defined as “target-oriented.” Their methods are typified by the particular attention given to diachronic and reception perspectives. Since the mid-1970s, in marked opposition to the “predominant role of literary texts” in Polish translation studies, F. Grucza and scholars from Warsaw University (“Warsaw School”) favored other areas of research, such as oral translation and specialized translation and interpreting. From the research carried out in Warsaw, a new perspective opened up within the linguistic approach, resulting in a new definition of the equivalence based on cognitive and pragmatic factors. This line of research also involved cognitive linguistics, as of the 1990s the most noteworthy innovation in Polish translation studies. Since 1990 the research field has become more varied: there are now more translation study centers (Cracow, Łódź, Lublin, Gdańsk…), and the field of investigation has broadened, now following on the heels of Western debate, with which there is now more contact.
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Guseva, Olga. "Convention and Creation in Czech Language and Literature / Scientific Editing by prof. dr hab. Mieczyslaw Balowski. Poznań: Institute of Slavic Philology, PRO Publishing House, 2020. 403 p. – (Bohemica Posnaniensia, fasc. 24)." Stephanos Peer reviewed multilanguage scientific journal 47, no. 3 (2021): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24249/2309-9917-2021-47-3-130-137.
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The collection of articles “Convention and Creation in Czech Language and Literature” continues the series published by the Polish Bohemians at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, edited by prof. M. Balowski. The collection is of interest not only for Slavists, but also for a wider range of linguists, literary critics and translation specialists as it offers a new look at the problem of linguistic and literary convention and creation, which go beyond the usual “traditions” and “innovation”. The authors of the articles included in the collection introduce new terminology into scientific use and offer its theoretical and practical justification based on the research of Czech literature, folklore, grammatical system, vocabulary and phraseology, translation studies and socially oriented discourse. The articles consistently suggest that the development of language, literature, and society as a whole is a continuous evolutionary process of interaction between the conventional and creative approaches.
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Vijay, Devi, Shahaduz Zaman, and David Clark. "Translation of a community palliative care intervention: Experience from West Bengal, India." Wellcome Open Research 3 (May 31, 2018): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14599.1.
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Background: The community form of palliative care first constructed in Kerala, India has gained recognition worldwide. Although it is the subject of important claims about its replicability elsewhere, little effort has gone into studying how this might occur. Drawing on translation studies, we attend to under-examined aspects of the transfer of a community palliative care intervention into a new geographic and institutional context.Methods: Over a period of 29 months, we conducted an in-depth case study of Sanjeevani, a community-based palliative care organization in Nadia district, West Bengal (India), that is modelled on the Kerala approach. We draw upon primary (semi-structured interviews and field notes) and secondary data sources.Results:We identify the translator’s symbolic power and how it counteracts the organizational challenges relating to socio-economic conditions and weak histories of civil society organizing. We find that unlike the Kerala form, which is typified by horizontal linkages and consensus-oriented decision-making, the translated organizational form in Nadia is a hybrid of horizontal and vertical solidarities. We show how translation is an ongoing, dynamic process, where community participation is infused with values of occupational prestige and camaraderie and shaped by emergent vertical solidarities among members.Conclusions: Our findings have implications for how we understand the relationship between locations, institutional histories, and healthcare interventions. We contribute to translation studies in healthcare, and particularly to conversations about the transfer or ‘roll out’ of palliative care interventions from one geography to another.
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Gorgulu, Recep, Ender Senel, İlhan Adilogulları, and Mevlut Yildiz. "An Adaptation Study of Measurement Properties for the Characteristics of Resilience in Sports Team Inventory." Education Sciences 8, no. 3 (2018): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci8030139.
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This multi-study paper reports the translation process and the validity and reliability analysis of the Characteristics of Resilience in Sports Teams Inventory (CREST) for the use of Turkish population. In three related studies, 414 team sports athletes from Turkey were sampled. We adopted Beaton et al.’s (2000) methodology for the translation of self-report measures for cross-cultural adaption studies. The first study provided content validity for an initial item set as the preliminary study. The second study explored the factor analysis of the CREST structure. The third study explored re-testing of the explored structure in a different set of participants and criterion-related validity provided. The analysis of Study 1 revealed that the items were understood by the participants and ready for application for the general Turkish population. The exploratory factor analysis in the Study 2 revealed that the CREST had two sub-dimensions as it was in the original inventory. The Cronbach’s alpha values for the dimensions of demonstrating resilience characteristics and vulnerabilities shown under pressure were 0.94 and 0.90, respectively. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value was 0.94. The confirmatory factor analysis in the third study showed that the structure of the inventory was confirmed in another sports context. Accordingly, the CREST is a valid and reliable tool for use by Turkish athletes and to measure team resilience that is one of the critical determinants of team performance. Further understanding of team resilience as a process can be gain by using the CREST, especially in future process-oriented research for team sports.
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Jongtaveesataporn, Aimrudee, and Shingo Takada. "Combining the Strengths of BPEL and Mule ESB." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 24, no. 03 (2014): 347–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194014500144.
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Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) provides an application framework which integrates variety of technology services in a loosely coupled way. Mule Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) is a widely-used ESB product that provides important functions such as message routing, message transformation, protocol-mediation, and event handling. These functions enable Mule ESB to integrate services implemented on various platforms and technologies. However, Mule ESB does not support business logic at all. Another approach to integrate services is to use a business process language such as BPEL (Business Process Execution Language). BPEL is used to define activities along with control flow. It is limited to Web service connections. One major difference is that BPEL is capable of orchestrating a business process with programming constructs, whereas Mule ESB is capable of processing messages in many protocal connections. Both BPEL and Mule ESB have different advantages. Unfortunately, neither one is powerful enough to solve some classes of business problems. In this paper we present the COMBO framework, which merges the strengths of Mule ESB and BPEL. We develop a tool to translate an extended BPEL file to a Mule ESB configuration file. The configuration file is used within a Mule ESB to execute the process that has been described within the BPEL document. We add extension modules to the standard Mule ESB for supporting BPEL functions that Mule ESB does not provide. The extended ESB has capabilities for supporting variable assignment and conditional branches in complex business processes. Our translation can cover frequently used activities in business processes. We also present case studies that use many business activities to show how the COMBO framework supports various activity translation.
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Tsvetkova, Antonina, and Britta Gammelgaard. "The idea of transport independence in the Russian Arctic." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 48, no. 9 (2018): 913–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-05-2017-0200.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how supply chain strategies emerge and evolve in response to contextual influence.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative single-case study presents the journey of a supply chain strategy, conceptualised as the idea of transport independence in the Russian Arctic context. Data from 18 semi-structured interviews, personal observations and archival materials are interpreted through the institutional concepts of translation and editing effects.FindingsThe study reveals how supply chain strategies evolve over time and can affect institutional factors. The case study further reveals how contextual conditions make a company reconsider its core competencies as well as the role of supply chain management practices. The findings show that strategy implementation through purposeful actions can represent a powerful resistance to contextual pressures and constraints, as well as being a facilitator of change in actual supply chains and their context. During the translation of the idea of transport independence into actions, the supply chain strategy transformed itself into a form of strategic collaboration and thereby made supply chains in the Russian Arctic more integrated than before.Research limitations/implicationsMore empirical studies on strategy implementation in interaction with contextual and institutional factors are suggested. An institutional process perspective is applied in this study but the authors suggest that future research should include a human dimension by an exploration of day-to-day routines and challenges that employees face when strategising and the actions they take.Originality/valueThe study provides an understanding of how a new supply chain strategy emerges and how it changes during implementation. In this process-oriented study – merging context, process and strategy content – it is further shown that a supply chain strategy may affect the context by responding to contextual and institutional challenges.
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Luhova, Tetiana. "NARRATIVE AND STORYTELLING IN THE KNOWLEDGE STRUCTURE OF THE EDUCATIONAL BUSINESS VIDEO GAMES AS FACTORS OF THE SYNERGY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND SPIRITUALLY-ORIENTED PEDAGOGY." OPEN EDUCATIONAL E-ENVIRONMENT OF MODERN UNIVERSITY, no. 8 (2020): 42–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2414-0325.2020.8.6.
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The article touches on the issues of humanization of modern technologically advanced education, analyzes the synergy factors of information technology and spiritually-oriented pedagogy to prepare a new generation of humanist managers. For this, the role of narrative and storytelling in the process of creating educational computer games that form the competence of making managerial decisions is determined. An analysis of the knowledge structure of educational games on the basis of the proposed methodology for developing their plot shows the need to balance the processes of formalization of educational processes in the game, preserving narrative by referring to works of folk art, classical fiction as sources of implicit knowledge. The threats of formalization and automation of modern education are described. It has been found that “relay” learning is superficial, it does not contribute to the formation of critical and systemic thinking. As a result, this leads to the emergence of a generation of techno-button-managers. It is indicated that the preservation and effective translation of deep narratives containing educational humanistic meanings is a priority for designers of educational video games. The components of the game by D. Gray, game history and pedagogical strategies in the MDA model are compared, which made it possible to clarify the meaning of the terms “narrative”, “plot”, “storytelling”, to determine the place of their greatest actualization in the process of creating educational computer games. Considering the general tendency of the techno-environment to reduce, optimize and formalize, the task of preserving tacit knowledge, correct translation of it into over-formalized knowledge (morals, formulas) through effective storytelling, embodied in "active learning" of computer games, is crucial. In this case, the narrative plays the role of a base of spiritual-oriented knowledge, and with the help of storytelling it balances the spiritual-ethical meanings and educational results of a business video game. The meaning of the terms "narratives" and "storytelling" is considered, the Ukrainian-language terms-analogues are proposed. The importance of adhering to the principle of non-linear game plot for increasing the effectiveness of business games is revealed. The close relationship of business games with case studies, project- and problem-based training was emphasized. The correlation of narratology and ludology of the game is shown in the matrix of transformation of professional competencies and procedures for making managerial decisions into the rules of the game, their metaphorization and translation into script phrases. It is shown that the gamification of training exercises and situations is a synergy of creative and information-analytical work with databases and game design project documents. The core of educational game design is the balance of narrative and storytelling, explicit and implicit knowledge. This balance is achieved through effective collaboration and communication between all participants in the educational and business processes. Creation of virtual learning environments in which a future leader has an opportunity to formulate and comprehensively develop the competencies of business communication and managerial decision-making in situations of uncertainty and ethical dilemmas is a promising area of digital education.
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Kamara, John M. "Maintaining focus on clients’ requirements using the DQI tool." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 7, no. 3 (2017): 271–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-09-2016-0044.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the contribution of the design quality indicator (DQI) tool in the management of client requirements in construction projects, and propose a requirements-oriented project process (ROPP) to ensure continued focus on client requirements throughout the lifecycle of a project. Design/methodology/approach Direct participant involvement and case studies of building projects that have used the DQI tool are used to analyse the extent to which DQI contributes to the management of client requirements. Findings Case study analysis suggests that the DQI enhances focus on client and project stakeholder requirements through the initial quality aspirations set out at the beginning of a project, but it is limited in its scope to address a more comprehensive requirements profile. Research limitations/implications The proposed ROPP model is conceptual and requires further development to test its effectiveness in enhancing focus on client requirements. However, given current developments in automated checking in BIM and other environments, this offers scope for further research in this area. Originality/value Maintaining focus on client requirements throughout the process is a key criterion for project success. However, given the many stakeholders involved, and the progressive translation into various project documents, there is a risk that focus on the original/evolving requirements of the client can be lost. Current approaches such as the DQI have limitations and a robust ROPP is, therefore, a key contribution to securing clients’ objectives over the project lifecycle.
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Sjögren, Ebba, and Karin Fernler. "Accounting and professional work in established NPM settings." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 32, no. 3 (2019): 897–922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-06-2015-2096.
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PurposeThe paper problematizes previous research on accountingisation, where the role of accounting in determining the scope of professional work is understood in relation to a professional/economic dichotomy and a model of episodic change. The purpose of this paper is to investigate everyday professional work in established new public management (NPM) settings, and proposes a new conceptual framework to analyze the role of accounting therein. The aim is to enable future investigations into how, when and where a situated “bottom line” emerges, by conceptualizing professional work as a process of calculation.Design/methodology/approachQualitative data from case studies of two tertiary level geriatric organizations using observations of 33 employees and four interviews. Data related to patient discharge, and the management of the discharge processes, were analyzed.FindingsFew visible trade-offs between distinctly professional or economic considerations were observed. Rather, the qualification of patients’ status and evaluation of their dischargeability centered on debates over treatment time. Time therefore operated as a situated “bottom line,” to which various other concerns were emergently linked in a process of calculation. Professional practitioners seldom explicitly evoke accounting concepts and technologies, but these were implicated in the ongoing translation of each patient into something temporarily stable, calculable and thus actionable for the professionals involved in their care. The study’s findings have implications for the conceptual understanding of professional work in established NPM settings.Research limitations/implicationsCase study research is context-specific and the role of accounting in professional work will vary due to the professional groups and accounting technologies involved.Practical implicationsThe study’s findings have implications for how to influence professional behavior through interventions in the existing landscape of accounting technologies. The possibility to change behavior through the introduction or removal of individual accounting technologies is questioned.Originality/valueTo date, research on the role of accounting in determining the scope of professional work has assumed a professional/economic dichotomy and studied episodic change linked to accounting-oriented reforms. This paper analyses the role of accounting as an on-going process with emergent boundaries between professional and economic considerations.
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Yatsenko, T., and L. Halushko. "The mediation by reproductions of artistic canvases in the deep knowledge of the psyche." Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools 28, no. 4 (2018): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33531/farplss.2018.4.30.
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The training of specialists, whose profession is related to direct contact with other people, requires attention in the aspect of their personal psycho-correction. In our time, the most common are social studies, which are oriented to the development of certain forms and behavioral skills. In the context of the psychodynamic approach (developed by a group of Ukrainian researchers), the center of attention are the cognitive preconditions of communication, which are influenced both by the conscious and the unconscious sphere. The study's orientation on the knowledge of the psyche in its integrity requires consideration of the fact of the functional asymmetry of the conscious and unconscious. The research is based on the possibility of uniting these two spheres in the addition in the process of deep knowledge of the objectified means (which are close to the language of the unconscious) and providing a dialogic interaction between the psychologist and the respondent. The content of the article proves that, under the above conditions, the procedural diagnostics, in accordance with the portions and multilevelness of the dialogic «pas» of the psychologist with the respondent, is provided in the groups of the ASPK. The empirical material represents the possibility to verify the dynamics of the entrance of the external world's factors in the inner. The next stage relates to the translation of the representation plot, which is revealed in a dialogical form, through the use of residual traces, that acquire a semantic (motivational) activity. Dialogical psychoanalysis (presented in the article) confirms the effectiveness of diagnostic-correctional work through the drawings.
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Arshinov, Vladimir I., and Vladimir G. Budanov. "Processual Thinking in the Ontological and Epistemological context of Quantum Mechanics." Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences 62, no. 7 (2019): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2019-62-7-21-36.
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The problem of commensurability/incommensurability of different cultural codes is a key problem of modern civilizational development. This is the problem of the search for communicative unity in the world of cultural and biological diversity, which has to be protected, and the search for the cohesion of different Umwelten, of semiotically-defined artificial and natural environments, of ecological and cognitive niches, taking into account that each of them has their own identity and uniqueness. The purpose of the article is to draw attention to the fact that the question of the so-called incommensurability of different conceptual schemes, paradigms, language consciousnesses is widely discussed not only in cross-cultural studies and philosophical problems of translation but also in connection with the problems of incommensurability (untranslatability) between the language of classical physics and the language of relativistic quantum physics. Attention is drawn to the problem of the incommensurability and correlation of different languages that are used in debates about the foundations of quantum mechanics, its interpretation, comprehension and ontology. Two approaches stand out in this debate. The first approach is based on the language of the formed being, on the language of things localized in time and on the logic of Aristotle. The second approach is based on the language of the becoming, process and nonlocality, on the search for various processual-oriented temporal logics. In this regard, we discuss the processual approach to understanding quantum mechanics, proposed in the philosophical and physical works of D. Bohm. The authors argue that (a) the experience of constructive understanding of the metaproblems of the interpretation of quantum mechanics, (b) the critical reception of the legacy of such philosophers of the process as Peirce, Bergson and Whitehead, (c) the deep reflection on the problems of commensurability/ incommensurability of linguistic consciousnesses of different cultures – will eventually create a common synergetic-interdisciplinary space of cooperation for the solutions of the above-mentioned issues.
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Galkina, Marina V. "Unrealized Architectural Projects of the 1920s: The Value of Constructivism Ideas." Observatory of Culture 16, no. 1 (2019): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2019-16-1-50-61.
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The article is devoted to one of the most interesting topics: the ideological heritage of constructivism and evaluation of its value. The novelty of the research is determined by the choice of its subject: unrealized projects of Soviet architects of the 1920s (I.I. Leonidov, K.S. Melnikov, V.A. Vesnin, A.A. Vesnin, L.A. Vesnin and N.A. Ladovsky) as a source of promising ideas for the architecture and design of the late 20th—early 21st century. The paper aims to assess the creative and artistic value of the unrealized projects of Soviet constructivists for the modern architectural design. The main result is the attempt to present a historical and conceptual overview of the origin and features of constructivism and rationalism as trends in urban planning. The 1920s, when the principles and trends in constructivist architecture were formed, became the time of development of a new production and architectural model. The combination of rationalist approach with utopian functionality of most of these projects was the reason for rejection of a truly constructivist trend in Soviet architecture in favor of the “Stalin Empire Style”, and later — deconstructivism. The problematics of constructivist solutions of the 1920s in the field of urban planning and environmental management largely determined the methodology of architectural space organization of the USSR cities in the 1930s, when the standard of “industry oriented” socialist society became a priority. The author considers theoretical studies and scientific publications about the works of Soviet constructivist architects, gives examples of explicit translation of the principles of constructivism in the 21st century architecture, and makes an assumption about the relationship between the ideological heritage of Soviet constructivists and the artistic and creative process of modern architects and designers (founders of high-tech style R. Piano, N. Foster; deconstructivists F. Gehry, Z. Hadid, D. Libeskind).The article concludes that the constructivist images and stylistics of the analyzed period, though not translated by modern designers and architects “directly”, become the basis for implementation of new conceptual solutions.
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Patapava, N. L. "Problem of language interference in literature and its impact on speech сommu nication". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Humanitarian Series 66, № 3 (2021): 314–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/2524-2369-2021-66-3-314-326.
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The article highlights the evolution of linguistic views on the phenomenon of interference. The problems of interference have been worrying a large number of scientists both in our country and abroad for several decades since the last century. The research in the field of language systems interference continues in all directions nowadays. However, a number of its aspects remain poorly understood. The relevance of the language interference study is connected with the emergence and study of new concepts, such as linguistic interference, as well as translation, textual, sociocultural, cross-cultural, terminological interference.Having studied the views of the scientists on the problem of language interference in this article, we can conclude that bilingualism and language contact are necessary conditions for the manifestation of interference. The place of manifestation of linguistic interference is the person himself, communicating in a foreign language or translating from one language to the other when he is trying to compensate for some elements, phenomena and functions of one language system with elements, phenomena and functions from the other one, which can lead to accent, literalism, distortion of meaning and to various deviations from the original, but also in some cases can help with communication or translation.The need to study, systematize and develop the recommendations for overcoming and using the phenomenon of interference in a professionally oriented translation is not in doubt. At present, the internationalization of higher education is of fundamental importance. Personal experience in the process of studying and teaching foreign languages shows that the phenomenon of interference must be approached consciously: interference must be studied and understood in detail in order to subsequently know how to prevent it or use it constructively in a professionally oriented translation.
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Uniłowski, Krzysztof, and Jakob Ziguras. "Textualism, Materialism, Immersion, Interpretation." Praktyka Teoretyczna 34, no. 4 (2019): 13–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/prt2019.4.2.
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Krzysztof Uniłowski passed away earlier this December. For the last twenty years, he has been crucial to Polish literary studies. Writing on a broad range of topics – from reviews of contemporary Polish novels to essays on the idea of modernity, from class-oriented analyses of sci-fi books and TV shows to comments on the politics and ethics of literary criticism – he developed an impressive and highly unique critical perspective, or indeed: a unique language of criticism, one that has managed and will undoubtedly still manage to inspire countless critics of all generations. Throughout his work, Uniłowski drew heavily on historical materialism, constantly balancing his instinctive focus on the political – and, specifically, on class – with his equally instinctive conviction as to the irreplaceability of literary form. While we might not have agreed on every single issue – as is always the case on the Left – we in “Praktyka Teoretyczna” are proud to have called him not just an inspiration, but a comrade. Uniłowski passed away while putting finishing touches to the essay we’re presenting below. Unfortunately, he never managed to send us the finished abstract/summary for this article, so it falls to us to try and summarise its main theses. Krzysztof Uniłowski passed away earlier this December. For the last twenty years, he has been crucial to Polish literary studies. Writing on a broad range of topics – from reviews of contemporary Polish novels to essays on the idea of modernity, from class-oriented analyses of sci-fi books and TV shows to comments on the politics and ethics of literary criticism – he developed an impressive and highly unique critical perspective, or indeed: a unique language of criticism, one that has managed and will undoubtedly still manage to inspire countless critics of all generations. Throughout his work, Uniłowski drew heavily on historical materialism, constantly balancing his instinctive focus on the political – and, specifically, on class – with his equally instinctive conviction as to the irreplaceability of literary form. While we might not have agreed on every single issue – as is always the case on the Left – we in “Praktyka Teoretyczna” are proud to have called him not just an inspiration, but a comrade. Uniłowski passed away while putting finishing touches to the essay we’re presenting below. Unfortunately, he never managed to send us the finished abstract/summary for this article, so it falls to us to try and summarise its main theses.Krzysztof Uniłowski passed away earlier this December. For the last twenty years, he has been crucial to Polish literary studies. Writing on a broad range of topics – from reviews of contemporary Polish novels to essays on the idea of modernity, from class-oriented analyses of sci-fi books and TV shows to comments on the politics and ethics of literary criticism – he developed an impressive and highly unique critical perspective, or indeed: a unique language of criticism, one that has managed and will undoubtedly still manage to inspire countless critics of all generations. Throughout his work, Uniłowski drew heavily on historical materialism, constantly balancing his instinctive focus on the political – and, specifically, on class – with his equally instinctive conviction as to the irreplaceability of literary form. While we might not have agreed on every single issue – as is always the case on the Left– we in “Praktyka Teoretyczna” are proud to have called him not just an inspiration, but a comrade. Uniłowski passed away while putting finishing touches to the essay we’re presenting below. Unfortunately, he never managed to send us the finished abstract/summary for this article, so it falls to us to try and summarise its main theses. The issues raised in this erudite and formally complex piece include such fundamental questions as: in what sense do the fictional worlds resemble the non-fictional one, and how do we inhabit them? What’s the relationship between immersion and interpretation? What real-life figures can help us imagine or visualise our intimate yet inherently social relationship with the fictional (are we guests, dwellers, passersby...)? Uniłowski looks for answers in contemporary Marxist criticism (Eagleton, Jameson, Berardi), sci-fi and fantasy writing (Lem, Sapkowski, Martin), as well as modern continental philoso phy (Gadamer, Heidegger) and – in the last part of the essay – contemporary game studies. We’re happy to be able to present Uniłowski’s piece in two versions, the original Polish as well as its English translation (by Jakob Ziguras). In order to preserve the unmistakable flow of Uniłowski’s thought in English, small changes were introduced – with the author’s full approval – in the English version. We trust that our Polish-speaking readers will fin the comparison of the two versions interesting and instruc tive, as they seem to give a unique insight into Uniłowski’s writing process.
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Sauers, Eric L., Tamara C. Valovich McLeod, and R. Curtis Bay. "Practice-Based Research Networks, Part I: Clinical Laboratories to Generate and Translate Research Findings Into Effective Patient Care." Journal of Athletic Training 47, no. 5 (2012): 549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-47.5.11.
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Context To improve patient care, athletic training clinicians and researchers should work together to translate research findings into clinical practice. Problems with patient care observed in clinical practice should be translated into research frameworks, where they can be studied. Practice-based research networks (PBRNs) provide a compelling model for linking clinicians and researchers so they can conduct translational research to improve patient care. Objective To describe (1) the translational research model, (2) practice-based research as a mechanism for translating research findings into clinical practice, (3) the PBRN model and infrastructure, (4) the research potential using the PBRN model, and (5) protection of human participants in PBRN research. Description Translational research is the process of transforming research findings into health behavior that ultimately serves the public and attempts to bridge the gap between research and clinical practice. Practice-based research represents the final step in the translational research continuum and describes research conducted by providers in clinical practices. The PBRNs are characterized by an organizational framework that transcends a single site or study and serves as the clinical research “laboratory” for conducting comparative-effectiveness studies using patient-oriented measures. The PBRN approach to research has many benefits, including enhanced generalizability of results, pooling of resources, rapid patient recruitment, and collaborative opportunities. However, multisite research also brings challenges related to the protection of human participants and institutional review board oversight. Clinical and Research Advantages Athletic training studies frequently include relatively few participants and, consequently, are able to detect only large effects. The incidence of injury at a single site is sufficiently low that gathering enough data to adequately power a treatment study may take many years. Collaborative efforts across diverse clinical practice environments can yield larger patient samples to overcome the limitations inherent in single-site research efforts.
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Perdikaki, Katerina. "Film Adaptation as an Act of Communication: Adopting a Translation-oriented Approach to the Analysis of Adaptation Shifts." Meta 62, no. 1 (2017): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1040464ar.
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Contemporary theoretical trends in Adaptation Studies and Translation Studies (Aragay 2005; Catrysse 2014; Milton 2009; Venuti 2007) envisage synergies between the two areas that can contribute to the sociocultural and artistic value of adaptations. This suggests the application of theoretical insights derived from Translation Studies to the adaptation of novels for the screen (i.e., film adaptations). It is argued that the process of transposing a novel into a filmic product entails an act of bidirectional communication between the book, the novel and the involved contexts of production and reception. Particular emphasis is placed on the role that context plays in this communication. Context here is taken to include paratextual material pertinent to the adapted text and to the film. Such paratext may lead to fruitful analyses of adaptations and, thus, surpass the myopic criterion of fidelity which has traditionally dominated Adaptation Studies. The analysis uses examples of adaptation shifts (i.e., changes between the source novel and the film adaptation) from the filmP.S. I Love You(LaGravenese 2007), which are examined against interviews of the author, the director and the cast, the film trailer and one film review.
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Koehn, Laura E., Timothy E. Essington, Phillip S. Levin, et al. "Case studies demonstrate capacity for a structured planning process for ecosystem-based fisheries management." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 77, no. 7 (2020): 1256–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2019-0202.
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Structured, systematic processes for decision-making can facilitate implementation of ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM). In US fisheries management, existing fishery ecosystem plans (FEPs) are primarily descriptive documents — not action-oriented planning processes. “Next-generation” FEPs extend existing FEPs by translating ecosystem principles into action through a structured process, including identifying and prioritizing objectives and evaluating trade-offs while assessing alternative management strategies for meeting objectives. We illustrate the potential for implementing a structured decision-making process for EBFM by reviewing fisheries management case studies through the lens of the next-generation FEP process, highlighting two perspectives. First, across case studies almost all steps occur, many occurring in multiple regions, indicating scientific and fisheries management capacity exists to conduct structured process components. Second, adjustments would be needed to transition to next-generation FEPs, as existing activity is rarely conducted within a fully structured, integrated process and examples of certain steps are scarce, but existing examples can guide future management. Implementing ongoing activity within next-generation FEPs would likely streamline fisheries management activity, saving time and resources while improving outcomes for stakeholders and ecosystems.
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Fricker, Lloyd. "Drug Discovery over the Past Thirty Years: Why Aren’t There More New Drugs?" Einstein Journal of Biology and Medicine 29, no. 1 (2016): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.23861/ejbm20132935.
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The rate of drug discovery has not kept pace with the exponential increase in biomedical knowledge. For the past 30 years, the number of new molecular enti- ties approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration has averaged 20 to 30 drugs per year, except for a peak in the mid-1990s that briefly doubled this rate. This modest productivity cannot be explained by lack of funding, as the research budgets of government and industry-funded programs have increased threefold to fivefold over the past three decades. Various arguments have been proposed to account for the relative lack of innovative new drugs, but little consideration has been given to the focus on hypothesis-driven translational research. In theory, the emphasis on translational research should have led to an increase in the number of new drugs. However, in considering the historical perspective of drug discovery and the role of serendipity, it can be argued that the emphasis on translational research diverts scientists from pursuing basic-science studies that give rise to fundamental discoveries. In many cases, retro-translational research (from clinic to basic science) is necessary before the disease process can be understood well enough for scientists to develop therapeutics. Ultimately, a balance of disease-oriented and basic-science research on fundamental processes is optimal.