Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Processus régénératif'
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Hamza, Kaies. "Martingales associées à un ensemble régénératif." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066286.
Full textMasson, Sylvie. "Modulations du processus régénératif : expression intra-hépatique des cytokines et facteurs de croissance au cours de la régénération hépatique associée à une inflammation aiguë systémique ou à un état cirrhotique." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES010.
Full textSoukarieh, Inass. "Theoretical contribution to the U-processes in Markov and dependent setting : asymptotic and bootstraps." Thesis, Compiègne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COMP2709.
Full textThe world is producing 2.5 quintillion bytes daily, known as big data. Volume, value, variety, velocity, and veracity define the five characteristics of big data that represent a fundamental complexity for many machine learning algorithms, such as clustering, image recognition, and other modern learning techniques. With this large data, hyperparameter estimations do not take the form of the sample mean (not linear). Instead, they takethe form of average over m-tuples, known as the U-statistic estimator in probabilityand statistics. In this work, we treat the collection of U-statistics, known as the Uprocess,for two types of dependent variables, the Markovian data, and locally stationary random variables. Thus, we have divided our work into two parts to address each type independently.In the first part, we deal with Markovian data. The approach relies on regenerative methods, which essentially involve dividing the sample into independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) blocks of data, where each block corresponds to the path segments between two visits of an atom called A, forming a renewal sequence. We derive the limiting theory for Harris recurrent Markov chain over uniformly bounded and unbounded classes of functions. We show that the results can be generalized also to the bootstrappe dU statistics. The bootstrap approach bypasses the problems faced with the asymptotic behavior due to the unknown parameters of limiting distribution. Furthermore, the bootstrap technique we use in this thesis is the renewal bootstrap, where the bootstrap samplevis formed by resampling the blocks. Since the non-bootstrapped blocks are independent, most proofs reduce to the i.i.d. case. The main difficulties are related to the randomsize of the resampled blocks, which creates a problem with random stopping times. This problem is degraded by replacing the random stopping time with their expectation. Also, since we resample from a random number of blocks, and the bootstrap equicontinuity can be verified by comparing with the initial process, the weak convergence of the bootstrap U-process must be treated very carefully. We successfully derive the results in the case of the k-Harris Markov chain. We extend all the above results to the case where the degreeof U-statistic grows with the sample size n, with the kernel varying in a class of functions. We provide the uniform limit theory for the renewal bootstrap for the infinite-degree U-process with the help of the decoupling technique combined with symmetrization techniques in addition to the chaining inequality. Remaining in the Markovian setting, we extend the weighted bootstrap empirical processes to a high-dimensional estimation. We consider an exchangeably weighted bootstrap of the general function-indexed empirical U-processes. In the second part of this thesis, dependent data are represented by locally stationary random variables. Propelled by the increasing representation of the data by functionalor curves time series and the non-stationary behavior of the latter, we are interested in the conditional U-process of locally stationary functional time series. More precisely, we investigate the weak convergence of the conditional U-processes in the locally stationary functional mixing data framework. We treat the weak convergence in both caseswhen the class of functions is bounded or unbounded, satisfying some moment conditions. Finally, we extend the asymptotic theory of conditional U-process to the locallystationary functional random field {Xs,An : s ∈ Rn} observed at irregular spaced locations in Rn = [0,An]d ∈ Rd, and include both pure increasing domain and mixed increasing domain. We treat the weak convergence in both cases when the class of functions is boundedor unbounded, satisfying some moment conditions. These results are established underfairly general structural conditions on the classes of functions and the underlying models
Heuzé, Aurélie. "Processus régénératifs du cerveau moyen dorsal chez le poisson zèbre adulte." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS508/document.
Full textUnlike mammals, the adult teleost brain exhibits widespread neurogenic activity and can regenerate after injury. The adult zebrafish has the capacity to regenerate neurons from constitutive or latent progenitors. During my PhD, I studied the neuronal regeneration in the zebrafish dorsal midbrain (optic tectum, OT). At adult stage, neuroepithelial-like progenitors at the OT periphery contribute to neuronal and glial lineages during homeostasis.I identified a putative enhancer of meis2a, which allowed me to trace the progeny of neuroepithelial-like progenitors. In a non-regenerative context I showed that enhancer-targeted progenitors were at the origin of the whole structure during development and of its continued neurogenesis during post-embryonic growth.Following lesion, OT displayed reactive neurogenesis, at larval and adult stages, nevertheless its topographical structure remained altered. In adults, I showed that both constitutive neuroepithelial-like progenitors and latent ependymoglial progenitors were activated in a regenerative context
Nafidi, Azzeddine. "Irréductibilité, ensembles petits et régénération des réseaux ouverts de Jackson généralisés." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES024.
Full textHénard, Olivier. "Généalogie et Q-processus." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00763378.
Full textEveno, Clarisse. "Processus métastatique." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077275.
Full textIn our study, we created a mouse model of colorectal liver metastasis (MHCCR), which allowed kinetic analysis of the architecture of metastasis, determinants of angiogenesis and tumor microenvironment. We have shown, through a study of the early establishment phase of MHCCR, the role of hepatic stellate cells in the establishment of pre-metastatic niche and their pro-metastatic potential. We studied angiogenesis as a therapeutic target, with the analysis of the appropriateness of the use of bevacizumab (Avastin ®) in mice and showed the effect of netrin-4, anti-angiogenic protein in several mouse models of primitive tumors and metastases o colorectal origin. Finaily, we developed a non-invasive imaging technique for Doppler Ultrasound-dynamic analysis of physiological and tumor angiogenesis during liver regeneration after hepatectomy
Runembert, Isabelle. "Prolifération, différenciation et fonctions cellulaires dans les processus de régénération rénale : rôle de la vimentine." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077241.
Full textNorden, Natalia. "Importance du processus de régénération naturelle dans le maintien de la diversité en forêt tropicale humide." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30250.
Full textNatural regeneration in tropical forests is a multistage process including seed production, dispersal, germination and subsequent seedling establishment. All these stages may have critical consequences in population dynamics and on species coexistence. We assessed many aspects of seedling regeneration at the Nouragues Station in French Guiana. We monitored seed arrival over a 5-years period. We monitored seedling community dynamics over 28 months. We developed a new approach in order to identify reproductive strategies among 48 tree and liana species. We found that the plant community showed an important variability in seed production. Most species fruited yearly, but as many as a quarter of the studied species showed a masting pattern, a phenomenon very poorly studied in tropical latitudes. The vast array of reproductive and germination strategies displayed by plants results in important temporal pulses in seedling recruitment. We thus assessed the importance of these sources of temporal variability and of spatial environmental heterogeneity in seedling community dynamics. Annual variation in seedfall and environmental filtering both contributed to explaining spatiotemporal variation in local seedling density and diversity. Finally, we showed for 15 seedling taxa that abundance patterns are mainly controlled by seed arrival. .
Sastourné-Arrey, Quentin. "Fonctions et mécanismes de contrôle de la mobilisation des cellules stromales du tissu adipeux dans le processus de régénération musculaire." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30091.
Full textSkeletal muscle is one of the few organs able to regenerate in mammals. After muscle injury, close interactions between muscle stem cells (the so-called satellites cells), immune cells and fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) via secreted chemokines and soluble factors are needed for optimal muscle regeneration. In the first days after muscle injury, the number of FAPs dramatically increases in the injured muscle. However, the biological origin of such early FAPs increase is unknown. We previously demonstrated that adipose stromal cells (ASCs) egress adipose tissue under inflammatory conditions (such as hind limb vaccination in mice). Interestingly, ASCs exhibit similar characteristics and biological properties with FAPs. Thus, we hypothesized that the early FAP increase observed after muscle injury was the result of ASCs mobilization from adipose tissue followed by their infiltration into the injured muscle. Our results show that 24 hours after muscle injury, FAP number increases in the injured muscle while no proliferation is observed. According to our hypothesis, the content of ASCs in the sub-cutaneous adipose tissue (ScAT) decreases though neither their apoptosis nor their necrosis was observed, suggesting that ASCs are mobilized from ScAT in response to muscle injury. To indeed demonstrate that ASCs exit ScAT and infiltrate the injured muscle we set up a murine model of adipose tissue grafting from CD34-GFP mouse (an ASCs marker) into wild type C57BL/6J mouse. Our results show that muscle injury triggers ASCs mobilization from ScAT and infiltrate the injured muscle. Furthermore, we described that blood platelets are involved in the mechanisms controlling ASCs trafficking. Altogether, our results show for the first time that adipose tissue is a reservoir of progenitor cells able to migrate endogenously to reach the injured muscle and to play a crucial role in its regeneration
Le, Faou Anne. "Processus d'ostéoconduction généré par la nacre : mise en évidence et régulation in vivo." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MNHN0013.
Full textDomergue, Lionel. "Étude de la régénération d’adsorbants par oxydation indirecte." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S028.
Full textThe elimination of organic micropollutants often requires the use of adsorption processes among the water treatments. The aim of our study is to regenerate two expensive materials (hydrophobic zeolites and carbon monoliths) to increase their life expectancy and decrease their investing cost. Two organic contaminants were targeted : diclofenac and bisphenol A, which are refractory pollutants. Advanced oxidation processes involve radical species, HO• (Fenton and electro-Fenton reactions) and SO₄• – (thermal activation of persulfate ion). These oxidants were used to decompose the adsorbed pollutants and thus regenerate the adsorbents. The HO• production, within the core of aqueous phase, did not reach satisfactory regeneration, and a loss of adsorption capacity was observed. Furthermore, during this study, a sensitive polarographic analytical method was developed and validated for the quantification of H₂O₂ in the aqueous phase. This method was used to follow in situ the Fenton reaction. The location of the catalyst in a closer vicinity of the adsorbed species was then optimized and the iron catalyst was impregnated in the host, prior to the adsorption, on different types of hydrophobic zeolites. Concerning carbon monolith, the electro-Fenton process was carried out using the material as the cathode thanks to its electrical conductivity. Consequently, HO• are produced in the porosity of monolith. This latter property enhanced the degradation of adsorbed solutes. The overall performances were increased compared to the homogeneous Fenton process. Nonetheless, a decrease of the adsorption capacities with adsorption-regeneration cycles was observed
Hannachi, Mariem. "La régénération stratégique de l'entreprise familiale : le cas des entreprises multigénérationnelles." Thesis, Avignon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AVIG2047/document.
Full textThe purpose of this research is to understand how and by which mechanisms multi-generational family firms may renew and thrive across generation. The theoretical anchor just nesting in two theoretical corpus rarely involved: the family firm and strategic renewal. The work has focused especially on multi-generational family firm for what it offers as a potential study of family dimension and the importance of generational aspect in the strategic behavior. Therefore, some key concepts of strategic renewal have emerged leading to the sustainability of the family firm. By a historical and narrative approach, we analyzed the strategic renewal process in four century-old family firm. The results allowed us to understand the role of the family in the strategic renewal process and to propose an integrative model of strategic renewal of the family firm
Strasberg, Dominique. "Dynamique des forêts tropicales de l'île de La Réunion : processus d'invasions et de régénération sur les coulées volcaniques." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00954484.
Full textStuelsatz, Pascal. "Implication de la protéase calpaïne 3 dans la régulation de l’activité transcriptionnelle du facteur MyoD au cours du processus de myogénèse." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13748/document.
Full textCalpain 3 (CAPN3) is a calcium-dependent cysteine protease mainly expressed in skeletal muscle. This protease plays a key role in maintaining the integrity of muscular fibers. Indeed, mutations in CAPN3 encoding gene cause limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A, an autosomal recessive muscular dystrophy characterized by progressive atrophy and weakness of the proximal limb muscles. Our work reveals an inhibitory effect of CAPN3 directed against the myogenic regulatory factor (MRF), MyoD. We have shown that CAPN3 inhibits the transcriptional activity of MyoD either in myoblastic cells (C2C12 cells) or in fibroblastic ones (C3H10T1/2 cells). On the contrary, no variation in the transcriptional activity of the other members of the MRFs family (Myf5, myogenin, or MRF4) was observed. CAPN3 affects the transcriptional activity of MyoD by decreasing the quantity of the endogenous protein MyoD (Western-blots, confocal microscopy experiments), without affecting its mRNA level (RT-QPCR). Moreover, half-life determination experiments showed that CAPN3 induce MyoD degradation acts on MyoD by a proteic degradation. Experiments are in progress to determine whether CAPN3 acts directly or not on MyoD. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of CAPN3 on MyoD is independent of the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway that is known to play a role during MyoD degradation. Indeed, MyoD mutants resistant to proteolytic degradation by the proteasome are sensitive to CAPN3 action. Interestingly, we have shown that modifications in CAPN3 expression, induced by overexpression or downregulation (siRNA), cause perturbations in myogenic differentiation. CAPN3 appears as a regulator of myogenic differentiation by modulating the quantity of MyoD available for progressing in differentiation. In addition, we have highlighted a potential role of CAPN3 in maintaining a pool of reserve cells along C2C12 cells differentiation. These cells share numbers of similarities with satellite cells present in the adult muscles. In conclusion, we have shown that CAPN3 acts as a regulatory molecule on myogenic differentiation, and probably have implications in the area of regeneration
Couët, Frédéric. "Contrôle d'un bioréacteur à perfusion pour la régénération du tissu vasculaire." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22956.
Full textThe limited availability of autologous blood vessels for bypass surgeries (coronary or peripheral) and the poor patency rate of vascular prosthesis for the replacement of small diameter vessels (Ø < 6 mm) motivate researches in the domain of vascular tissue engineering. One of the possible strategies named functional tissue engineering aims to regenerate a blood vessel in vitro in a controlled environment. The objective of this thesis is to design a perfusion bioreactor and develop a control system able to dynamically interact with a growing blood vessel in order to guide and stimulate the maturation of the vascular construct. The principal question addressed in this work is: How to choose culture conditions in a bioreactor in the most efficient way? Two main challenges have been identified: first, the need to develop a better comprehension of the physical and biological phenomenon occurring in bioreactors; second, the need to influence and optimize vascular tissue maturation. A controller based on the concept of genetic programming was developed for real-time modeling of vascular tissue regeneration. Using the produced models, the controller searches an optimal culture strategy (circumferential strain, longitudinal shear stress and frequency of the pulsed pressure signal) by the mean of a Markov decision process solved by dynamic programming. Numerical simulations showed that the method has the potential to improve growth, safety of the process, and information gathering. The controller is able to work with common nonlinearities in tissue growth. Experimental results show that the controller is able to identify important culture parameters for the growth and remodelling of tissue engineered blood vessels. Furthermore, this bioreactor represents an interesting tool to study the evolution of the mechanical properties of a vascular construct during maturation.
Benabdelmoumene, Linda. "Vieillissement des matériaux de protection des véhicules spatiaux : étude du processus d'oxydation et des techniques de régénération de leurs propriétés catalytiques." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066011.
Full textChagneau, Pierrette. "Modélisation bayésienne hiérarchique pour la prédiction multivariée de processus spatiaux non gaussiens et processus ponctuels hétérogènes d'intensité liée à une variable prédite : application à la prédiction de la régénération en forêt tropicale humide." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20157.
Full textOne of the weak points of forest dynamics models is the recruitment. Classically, ecologists make the assumption that recruitment mainly depends on both spatial pattern of mature trees and environment. A detailed inventory of the stand and the environmental conditions enabled them to show the effects of these two factors on the local density of seedlings. In practice, such information is not available: only a part of seedlings is sampled and the environment is partially observed. The aim of the paper is to propose an approach in order to predict the spatial distribution and the seedlings genotype on the basis of a reasonable sampling of seedling, mature trees and environmental conditions. The spatial pattern of the seedlings is assumed to be a realization of a marked point process. The intensity of the process is not only related to the seed and pollen dispersal but also to the sapling survival. The sapling survival depends on the environment; so the environment must be predicted on the whole study area. The environment is characterized through spatial variables of different nature and predictions are obtained using a spatial hierarchical model. Unlike the existing models which assume the environmental covariables as exactly known, the recruitment model we propose takes into account the error related to the prediction of the environment. The prediction of seedling recruitment in tropical rainforest in French Guiana illustrates our approach
RIVERO, MERCADO Victor. "Recouvrements Aléatoires et Processus de Markov Auto-Similaires." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007346.
Full textLambert, Amaury. "Arbres, excursions et processus de Lévy complètement asymétriques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00252150.
Full textLes deux suivants sont consacrés aux processus de branchement à espace d'états continu, qui sont des processus de Lévy sans saut négatif changés de temps : généalogie (deuxième chapitre), dont nous dérivons des théorèmes de type Ray-Knight, et conditionnement à ne jamais s'éteindre (troisième chapitre).
Enfin, le dernier chapitre traite de théorie du renouvellement multivariée dans deux cas naturels d'ensembles aléatoires emboîtés.
Zaouali, Ameni. "Caractérisation multiéchelle par rayonnement synchrotron des hétérogénéités mécaniques et microstructurales de l’os au cours de la régénération en lien avec les processus biologiques." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4068.
Full textUnderstanding the mecano-biological behavior of regenerated tissue is crucial in order to provide relevant tools in the treatment of bone fractures. The major challenge of this work is to correlate tíme and space resolved mechanical behavior of bone regenerated by implantation to the related biological processes. Size and orientation of bone mineral particles (hydroxyapatite) as well as crystal strain distribution under macroscopic tensile load through in situ WAXS and SAXS (Wide- Small-Angle X-ray Scattering) measurements have been investigated in various regeneration stage. This analysis has been completed quantifying bone elastíc properties at the lamellar scale thanks to nanoindentatlon measurements. Our multi-scale mechanical (tensile and nanoindentatlon tests) and biological (microtomography X measurements and histological observations) characterization methods have been applied to cranial defects filled with three types of implants: 1) Bone Graft (BG); 2) Biphasic Calcium Phosphate (BCP) grains and 3) a mixture of BCP with Total Bone Marrow (TBM). The major result of this study shows that the use of BCP, as an implant material, is suitable for a structural and mechanical property recovery of the regenerated bone as compared to that obtained with bone grafting. Nevertheless, the efficiency of BCP remains limited despite the improvement due to the addition of total bone marrow
Hébert, Rémi. "Importance du processus naturel de régénération de la forêt mature mixte pour l'alimentation du lièvre d'Amérique, de l'orignal et de l'ours noir." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0018/MQ56405.pdf.
Full textGouze, Emma. "Bilan de matière de l'étang de Berre : influence des apports des tributaires et des processus de régénération dans le maintien de l'eutrophisation." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX22107.
Full textThe brackish Berre Lagoon is one of the largest Mediterranean coastal lagoons (155 km²). It has been influenced by a large freshwater and nutrients discharges from a hydroelectric power plant (since 1966) and anthropised rivers, which have led to strong changes in the ecosystem structure and functioning. Total annual primary production was 507 gC. M-2. Yr-1 and 742 gC. M-2. Yr-1 in 2005 and 2006 respectively. This production was respectively based on the annual assimilation of 15 000 and 24 000 tons of dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Inputs from rivers and powerplant sustained 3% to 5% of this demand. Pelagic regeneration processes were very active and sustained at least 60% of the ammonium uptake. Eutrophication in the Berre Lagoon is due to a combination of three phenomena: 1/ large nutrients inputs, 2/ nutrients storage in the lagoon and increasing nutrients pools (because of longer time residence) and 3/ dynamic regeneration processes
Duchesne, Élise. "BLESSURES MUSCULAIRES. Contribution des mastocytes au processus de réparation et identification d'un mécanisme alternatif contribuant à l'accumulation des macrophages." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29692/29692.pdf.
Full textPereira-Mouries, Lucilia. "Étude des composants de la matrice organique hydrosoluble de la nacre de l'huître perlière Pinctada maxima : Bioactivité dans le processus de régénération osseuse." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MNHN0012.
Full textNacre or mother of pearl from the pearl oyster Pinctada maxima causes osteoinduction and osteogenesis in mammals. Using a preservative extraction of the organic fraction, we aimed to demonstrate that the nacre biological activity is triggered by the water-soluble matrix and to characterize the underlying molecular components. The overall results revealed the tremendous molecular complexity of the nacre organic matrix and they call into question the concepts of soluble and insoluble matrices. Furthermore, convergent data seems to confirm the existence of a molecular relationship between the nacre water-soluble matrix and factors present in bone matrix. Finally, our in vitro experiments on different mammalian cell types proved that the water-soluble matrix isolated from Pinctada maxima nacre acts in particular on bone cell differentiation, up until the mineralization. The biological factors creating these effects are present in the SE4 fraction, isolated by size-exclusion chromatography
Comont, Laure. "Étude des processus de stockage de la matière organique et de régénération des tourbières dégradées après exploitation : sites du Russey (Jura français), de la Chaux d’Abel (Jura suisse) et de Baupte (Cotentin, France)." Orléans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ORLE2047.
Full textGuignabert, Arthur. "Etude des processus de régénération naturelle du pin maritime en contexte de dune forestière gérée : influence de la sylviculture, du climat et des interactions biotiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0437/document.
Full textIn south-western France, the coastal fringe with maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) forest has a multifunctional role, with erosion protection, preservation of biodiversity, tourism, and wood production as main objectives. Natural regeneration is used to renew these stands after clear-cutting. However, in recent years, regeneration failures have increased in some areas,leading to significant economic losses.The objective of this work was to identify the ecological mechanisms involved in these recurrent failures, in order to propose adapted forestry management practices to ensure forest regeneration. To do this, we studied four stages of the regeneration process: seed dispersal, germination, survival, and growth. A monitoring network of five sites along the Aquitaine Coast was also used to quantify the regeneration and characterize local differences in terms of forest management practices (clear-cut vs seed-tree regeneration,and sowing vs no sowing). Two experimental sites were set up to study in detail some factors potentially important in our context (climate, plant-plant interactions, herbivory).Our results confirm that natural regeneration is a complex process, influenced by many –often interacting – environmental and management factors. The quantity of seeds reaching the forest soil does not seem to be limiting. Seed germination is strongly related to soil moisture, and is influenced by the heterogeneity of the micro topography. Summer drought, the main cause of seedling mortality, may be mitigated by remaining seed trees on the stand.Direct and indirect biotic interactions with understorey vegetation have a strong impact on seedling survival, but vary greatly both in direction and intensity, depending on the seasonand the year.Even though our results provide a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in there generation cycle of maritime pine, it is difficult to put forward a single factor explaining local regeneration failures. However, overall, maintaining seed trees for a few years allows obtaining a successful regeneration in the entire coastal forest, thanks to the multi-yearsupply of seeds but also through the modifications of the microclimate under their canopy. Controlling understorey vegetation to reduce competition with pine seedlings and increasing hunting plans to reduce herbivory pressure on seedlings should also be considered in areas where regeneration failures are common
Merceron, Nastasia. "Processus écologiques et évolutifs impliqués dans le succès de l'introduction de Quercus rubra L. en Europe." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0263/document.
Full textNorthern Red Oak (Quercus rubra L.) is a tree native to North America and introduced in Europe at the end of the 17th century as an ornamental and forestry species. The aim of this dissertation is to understand the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms contributing to its dynamics and success in Europe. We demonstrated that this species naturalized and planted insome European countries can easily naturally grow in deciduous and conifer forests. Acorn dispersal away from mother-trees was made possible by scatter-hoarding animals such as squirrels and mice that take away acorns, although the animals still preferred acorns of the native oak Q. robur. During species introduction in a new environment, evolutionary processes can occurand lead to phenotypic and genetic changes. A comparative analysis of the genetic structure and diversity of Q. rubra populations from the native and introduced ranges demonstrated that onlytwo of the three genetic clusters encountered in North America are currently present in Europe.No strong bottleneck event was detected during the introduction of Q. rubra populations in Europe suggesting that multiple introductions could have maintained genetic diversity in introduced populations. A comparative analysis of phenotypic traits showed that introduced populations of Q.rubra present a higher growth compared to that of native populations. A genetic differentiation within European populations is on going regarding phenology of leaf budburst suggesting apossible rapid adaptive evolution since introduction
Tawk, Marcel. "Étude d'un gène hsp40 au cours de la régénération de la nageoire caudale et du développement embryonnaire chez le poisson zèbre (Danio rerio)." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077182.
Full textLesort, Timothée. "Continual Learning : Tackling Catastrophic Forgetting in Deep Neural Networks with Replay Processes." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAE003.
Full textHumans learn all their life long. They accumulate knowledge from a sequence of learning experiences and remember the essential concepts without forgetting what they have learned previously. Artificial neural networks struggle to learn similarly. They often rely on data rigorously preprocessed to learn solutions to specific problems such as classification or regression.In particular, they forget their past learning experiences if trained on new ones.Therefore, artificial neural networks are often inept to deal with real-lifesuch as an autonomous-robot that have to learn on-line to adapt to new situations and overcome new problems without forgetting its past learning-experiences.Continual learning (CL) is a branch of machine learning addressing this type of problems.Continual algorithms are designed to accumulate and improve knowledge in a curriculum of learning-experiences without forgetting.In this thesis, we propose to explore continual algorithms with replay processes.Replay processes gather together rehearsal methods and generative replay methods.Generative Replay consists of regenerating past learning experiences with a generative model to remember them. Rehearsal consists of saving a core-set of samples from past learning experiences to rehearse them later. The replay processes make possible a compromise between optimizing the current learning objective and the past ones enabling learning without forgetting in sequences of tasks settings.We show that they are very promising methods for continual learning. Notably, they enable the re-evaluation of past data with new knowledge and the confrontation of data from different learning-experiences. We demonstrate their ability to learn continually through unsupervised learning, supervised learning and reinforcement learning tasks
Diaz, Frédéric. "Evolution saisonnière de la production primaire et des processus d'assimilation-régénération de l'azote dans le Golfe du Lion : Estimation d'un bilan de carbone. Approches in situ et modélisation." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22105.
Full textBenhamed, Imane. "Amélioration par ajout d’un métal de transition de la régénération in situ d’un charbon actif par oxydation catalytique." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/14168/1/benhamed.pdf.
Full textComont, Laure. "Étude des processus de stockage de la matière organique et de régénération des tourbières dégradées après exploitation : sites du Russey (Jura français), de la Chaux d'Abel (Jura suisse) et de Baupte (Cotentin, France)." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136118.
Full textabandonnées après exploitation est d'y permettre la réinstallation d'une production végétale
susceptible d'y réassurer la pérennité de la séquestration du carbone à long terme. Dans cette
perspective, les objectifs de cette étude étaient d'identifier des indicateurs de la reprise des
processus d'accumulation de la matière organique (MO) dans des tourbières anciennement
exploitées, actuellement à des stades de régénération spontanée différents. Dans le but d'identifier
l'origine de la MO et d'appréhender les modalités de sa dégradation, une combinaison d'approches
micromorphologiques, géochimiques globales et moléculaires a été appliquée à des échantillons de
tourbe brute et de fractions fines (< 200μm), ainsi qu'à des végétaux-sources typiques. La MO
accumulée dans les niveaux superficiels montre une composition très contrastée (forts C/N,
prédominance des tissus hérités bien préservés, fortes teneurs en sucres...) par rapport à celle,
beaucoup plus humifiée, des compartiments sous-jacents. Ceci a permis de délimiter précisément la
tourbe régénérée de la tourbe du catotelm. Contrairement aux stades de régénération précoces (5-10
ans), la composition de la MO des stades plus avancés (30-40 ans) est comparable à celle de la zone
non exploitée (MO homogène, dominance des marqueurs de sphaignes, forts C/N). Une analyse en
composante principale (ACP) a permis de proposer des trajectoires de régénération distinctes pour
chacun des sites d'étude, en fonction de leur végétation et de leur mode d'exploitation.
Globalement, la bonne préservation des polysaccharides dans la tourbe, clairement mise en lumière
dans cette étude, en fait de bons indicateurs de régénération.
Boulinguiez, Benoit. "Procédé d'adsorption et régénération électrothermique sur textile de carbone activé - Une solution pour la problématique des COV dans des gaz à fort potentiel énergétique." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00540206.
Full textHlayhel, Taha. "Etude de l'adsorption du COS sur des oxydes métalliques : influence des propriétés acido-basiques de surface et des compétitions d'adsorption COS-CO2-H2S." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066243/document.
Full textCOS is a sulfuric impurity particularly problematic in refining and energy production industries. Its elimination requires specific methods such as adsorption or catalytic hydrolysis processes. The work has as objective the amelioration of COS elimination process by studying COS interaction with oxide surfaces used as adsorbents or catalysts, adsorption competition with CO2 and H2S and adsorbent aging. Three experimental technics were used (IR spectroscopy, TGA, reverse chromatography). It has been shown that not all hydroxyl groups interacts with COS even if their basicity was enhanced by doping. In parallel to its adsorption, COS is partially hydrolyzed by some unregenerated hydroxyl groups. This causes performance lose during cycling. COS co-adsorption with CO2 or H2S shows adsorption competition between COS and CO2 for the same hydroxyl groups. H2S mainly interacts with Lewis acid sites. Elemental sulfur was observed and was correlated to surface acidity where lewis acid sites could act as electron acceptors for H2S
Alharati, Assma Ahmed. "Élimination du bore contenu dans l’eau de mer par un système hybride de sorption par résines échangeuses d’ions et de microfiltration." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1051/document.
Full textThe maximum concentration suggested by the World Health Organization is 0.3 mg/L. In this study, we investigated a hybrid process for boron removal from water which associates sorption on ion exchange resin and microfiltration, without continuous resin addition. First, fine resins were obtained by grounding and sieving at 40 and 60 µm commercial resins (Amberlite IRA743, Diaion CRB05 and Purolite S108). The resins were then tested in batch to obtain the kinetics and in the hybrid sorption/microfiltration process to measure breakthrough curves and permeate flux. A ceramic microfiltration membrane was used to retain the ion exchange resin in the feed tank and the circulation loop while the boron solution was continuously added and the permeate collected for analysis. The effect of resin dosage, boron initial concentration, transmembrane pressure and membrane pore size was studied. In a second part, the effect of the size of the resin particles on the breakthrough curves measured at the outlet of a column was determined and a comparison between the performances of a column and a hybrid system are proposed. For the Amberlite IRA743 resin, the overall process was tested: reverse osmosis followed by hybrid sorption/microfiltration. The hybrid process was able to re-duce concentration of bacterial and phytoplankton cells thanks to the steric rejection by the microfiltration membrane, suggesting that the same membrane can be used as a pretreatment before reverse osmosis in a desalination plant. In a final part, the experimental isotherms and kinetics are compared with classical models, and the breakthrough curves obtained with a column and with the hybrid sys-tem are modelised. Overall, it is suggested that the hybrid process of ion exchange resin and microfiltration without continuous addition of resin may be a possible technique for boron removal
Muranaka, Cínthia Tiemi. "Combinação de adsorção por carvão ativado com Processo Oxidativo Avançado (POA) para tratamento de efluentes contendo fenol." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0089/document.
Full textAdsorption on activated carbon (AC) is a technique extensively applied for wastewater treatment. However adsorption alone is not an ultimate solution, since the pollutants are just immobilized on the carbon surface. There is thus a need for efficient regeneration techniques. In this context, Fenton and photo-Fenton oxidations, which are promising technologies to destroy organic pollution, have been tested to regenerate the AC. The purposes of this study are the adsorption of phenol on activated carbons and the consecutive in-situ regeneration of carbon by (photo-) Fenton oxidation. Two different operations have been carried out: 1) batch procedure in order to investigate the influence of Fe2+ and H2O2 concentrations; 2) continuous fixed bed adsorption, followed by a batch circulation of the Fenton’s reagent through the saturated AC bed, to examine the efficiency of the real process. Two different activated carbons have been also studied: a both micro- and mesoporous AC (PICA L27) and an only microporous one (PICA S23). In the batch reactor the best conditions found for pollutant mineralization in the homogeneous Fenton system are not the best for AC regeneration: a continuous reduction of adsorption capacity of L27 is observed after 3 oxidations, due to the decrease of both AC weight and surface area. Higher concentration of Fe2+ and lower concentration of H2O2 (2 times the stoechiometry) lead to a 50% recovery of the initial adsorption capacity during at least 4 consecutive cycles for L27, while about 20% for S23. In the consecutive continuous adsorption/batch Fenton oxidation process, the regeneration efficiency reaches 30% to 40% for L27 after two cycles whatever the feed concentration and less than 10% for S23. A photo-Fenton test performed on L27 shows almost complete mineralization (contrary to dark Fenton) and further improves recovery of AC adsorption capacity although not complete (56% after two cycles)
Lo, Dico Rea. "Analysis of tumoral evolution and prognostic factors of multi-site hepatic and peritoneal colorectal metastases processes : from the animal model to an international clinical study." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC318/document.
Full textThe synchronous presence of liver metastases (LM) and peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC)from colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with poor outcome and is traditionally considered acontraindication to any surgical approach. However, few series reported a prolonged survival aftersurgical management, reaching 3 years in selected patients thus suggesting that a curative surgicalmanagement may be possible. To date, no standard management pathway has been established,especially if a major liver and peritoneal surgery has to be performed. We postulated that liverregeneration after liver resection could promote PC growth. We constructed an immunocompetentanimal model of limited PC. The objective of our study was to analyze the effects of major LR andliver regeneration after hepatectomy on peritoneal carcinomatosis growth and the associatedangiogenesis process. Furthermore, we have analyzed a prospective international cohort of patientsundergoing synchronous liver resection and cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC. The aim of this studywas to describe the outcomes, to identify variables potentially related to poor outcome, in order toestablish future guideline for the management of these patients, to optimize the selection of candidatesfor surgical treatment and determine the best surgical strategy
Nacereddine, Rabia. "Intéractions de structures localisées dans un écoulement pariétal : nouveau mécanisme de transition by-pass." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10079.
Full textThe interaction between two localized disturbances is analyzed in a subcritical channel flow through direct numerical simulations. The initial perturbations are of the form of two pairs of counter rotating vortices. One of them interacts with the wall normal vorticity layers set-up near the wall, by compressing or stretching locally part of them through the straining motion it induces. The breakdown of spanwise symmetry leads to the rapid development of a new wall normal vorticity patch that is tilted by the shear and rolls up into a new small-scale streamwise vortex. The process results in a localized turbulent spot at later stages of development. A detailed analysis is carried out to determine the role of different parameters entering in the physics of the mechanism. Several critical thresholds that trigger the interactive bypass transition process are found and analyzed. The similitude parameters resulting from the parametric investigation coincide well with those governing the self-sustaining Reynolds shear stress producing eddies in the buffer layer of a fully developed turbulent wall flow. Tt is suggested that the mechanism we propose may play some role in the regeneration cycle of the near wall turbulence generating structures by precisely bypassing the three-dimensional streak instability mechanism. Based on these results, an active micro-mixing strategy through forcing the flow by synthetic wall jets is proposed. The feasibilitv of this strategy is shown through direct numerical simulations of high spatial and temporal resolution
Lacroix, Joséphine. "Elaboration par voie sol-gel de supports macroporeux à base de verre bioactif pour l'ingénierie tissulaire. Caractérisation par micro-PIXE de leurs réactivités in vitro et in vivo." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01065128.
Full textDenis, Jean-Francois. "Rôle des Smads lors du processus de régénération chez Ambystoma mexicanum." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19320.
Full textSince wound healing in human is imperfect and associated with fibrosis, understanding how regeneration works would be a great asset to improve patient’s health. During this PhD project, we have published a paper exposing the weaknesses of certain research models when studying wound healing. Those limitations are even more striking when studying regeneration. This publication sets the stage for the use of the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) as an excellent model to study regeneration and the importance of TGF- for the process. The multifunctional cytokine TGF-β is involved in healing, scarring, cellular differentiation, growth and migration. This cytokine is associated with the near perfect healing of oral tissues in humans, but is also associated with scarring of multiple tissue types. TGF-β is also associated with epimorphic regeneration in echinoderm and liver hyperplasia. Previous work had shown that treatment of regenerating axolotl limbs with a specific inhibitor of TGF-β canonical signalling (SB-431542) prevents regeneration (Lévesque et al., 2007). Since canonical signaling goes through Smad2 and Smad3, those two proteins are at the center of the second publication. During limb regeneration, Smad2 is phosphorylated at 6h-48h post-amputation (pa), which corresponds to the cellular migration phase and the beginning of the proliferative phase. On the other hand, Smad3 phosphorylation happens earlier (3h-6h pa), while the total protein expression is lower. Treatment with SB-421543 blocks the phosphorylation of both Smad2 and Smad3. No blastema is formed, but the wound closes at the same rate. Treatment with other inhibitors, SIS3 or Naringenin (specifically targeting Smad3), blocks approximately 50% of Smad3 phosphorylation (as determined by western blotting), but regeneration is not affected. Differential regulation of Smads is essential for proper regeneration to occur. Lastly, we have tried multiple approaches to diminish specifically the activation of Smad2. Using the only axolotl cell line available (AL-1), we have tried inhibition with LNA molecules, long antisense and overexpression of a competitor. None of these approaches specifically reduced the levels of Smad2. In addition, other experiments confirmed that activation of Smad3 during the regeneration process is limited. The extraordinary ability to regenerate that the axolotl possesses is tightly linked to a differential activation of Smad2 and Smad3 proteins. Smad2 phosphorylation is associated with cellular proliferation and migration, hence blastema formation, while the apparent lack of Smad3 activity might partly explain why these animals do not form scar tissues.
Lévesque, Mathieu. "Étude du rôle des gènes TGF-β1 et HSP-70 lors du processus de régénération du membre chez l’axolotl." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2666.
Full textUrodele amphibians, such as the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum), have the unique ability, among vertebrates, to perfectly regenerate many parts of their body throughout their life. Among the complex structures that can be regenerated, the limb is the most widely studied. Limb regeneration is divided in two main phases. The preparation phase, which begins right after amputation, includes wound healing and the formation of an apical ectodermal cap. During this phase, dermal fibroblasts and muscle cells will lose their characteristics and become pluripotent through a process called cellular dedifferentiation. The dedifferentiated cells migrate and accumulate under the apical ectodermal cap to form the blastema. During the redevelopment phase, the cells in the blastema proliferate and redifferentiate to regenerate the lost structures. It is interesting to highlight the fact that regeneration never leads to scar formation in the axolotl. In order to learn more about the molecular control of limb regeneration, the genes Heat-shock protein-70 (Hsp-70) and Transforming growth factor-β1 (Tgf- β1) were selected for their important roles in stress response and wound healing in mammals. HSP-70 is a molecular chaperone which is produced to protect cellular proteins when the cell faces a stress. TGF-β1 is a cytokine produced after wounding that activates the inflammatory response and stimulates wound closure in amniotes. Results presented in this thesis show that Hsp-70 is expressed and regulated during limb development and regeneration in the axolotl. We were also able to isolate the cDNA coding for axolotl Tgf-β1 and our results show that this gene is expressed specifically during the preparation phase of limb regeneration. Treatment of regenerating axolotls with a specific inhibitor of Tgf-β signalling, SB-431542, led to complete inhibition of regeneration. This directly implies that Tgf-β signalling is essential for limb regeneration in axolotl.