Academic literature on the topic 'Product Pricing Algorithms'

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Journal articles on the topic "Product Pricing Algorithms"

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Gallego, Guillermo, Anran Li, Van-Anh Truong, and Xinshang Wang. "Approximation Algorithms for Product Framing and Pricing." Operations Research 68, no. 1 (2020): 134–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.2019.1875.

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Myklebust, T. G. J., M. A. Sharpe, and L. Tunçel. "Efficient heuristic algorithms for maximum utility product pricing problems." Computers & Operations Research 69 (May 2016): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2015.11.013.

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Wan, Fu Cai, and Man Hua Qiu. "Customer Data-Oriented Multi-Product Pricing Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.106.

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Through interaction with online consumers, e-commerce websites can gather data reflecting consumer preferences. The available data on consumer preferences together with sophisticated analytical tools enables companies’ increases in profit through optimization of prices. We consider a class of models of consumer purchasing behavior, each of which affected the data on a consumer’s requirements and budget constraint to subsequent purchasing tendencies. We can study for the multi-product pricing problem based on the max budgets of consumers, and a customer data-oriented multi-product pricing model is presented. Proposed models were solved through genetic algorithms. Optimal solution of the given examples shows that this model is effective for enterprises.
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Elmachtoub, Adam N., and Michael L. Hamilton. "The Power of Opaque Products in Pricing." Management Science 67, no. 8 (2021): 4686–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2020.3750.

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We study the power of selling opaque products, that is, products where a feature (such as color) is hidden from the customer until after purchase. Opaque products, which are sold with a price discount, have emerged as a powerful vehicle to increase revenue for many online retailers and service providers that offer horizontally differentiated items. In the opaque selling models we consider, all of the items are sold at a single common price alongside opaque products that may correspond to various subsets of the items. We consider two types of customers, risk-neutral ones, who assume they will receive a truly random item of the opaque product, and pessimistic ones, who assume they will receive their least favorite item of the opaque product. We benchmark opaque selling against two common selling strategies: discriminatory pricing, where one explicitly charges different prices for each item, and single pricing, where a single price is charged for all the items. We give a sharp characterization of when opaque selling outperforms discriminatory pricing; namely, this result holds for situations where all customers are pessimistic or the item valuations are supported on two points. In the latter case, we also show that opaque selling with just one opaque product guarantees at least 71.9% of the revenue from discriminatory pricing. We then provide upper bounds on the potential revenue increase from opaque selling strategies over single pricing and describe cases where the increase can be significantly more than that of discriminatory pricing. Finally, we provide pricing algorithms and conduct an extensive numerical study to assess the power of opaque selling for a variety valuation distributions and model extensions. This paper was accepted by Gabriel Weintraub, revenue management and market analytics.
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Shioda, R., L. Tunçel, and T. G. J. Myklebust. "Maximum utility product pricing models and algorithms based on reservation price." Computational Optimization and Applications 48, no. 2 (2009): 157–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10589-009-9254-5.

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Bhaktha, Ankith S., Akshay P. Raj, Devika N, and Gripsy Paul. "Online Order Management System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 8 (2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.54265.

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Abstract: Our proposed online order management system is a platform that provides sellers with a comprehensive overview of their stock and orders. The platform streamlines the order management process, allowing the seller to view and manage their products and stocks with ease. Unlike traditional online order management systems, our platform goes beyond basic stock management and incorporates two machine learning algorithms to improve the seller's efficiency and profitability. The first machine learning algorithm provides the seller with insights into the popularity of a particular product category during a specific month. By notifying the seller of trends, they can better plan their stock levels to maximize profits. For example, if a seller notices that a particular product category is in high demand during the holiday season, they can increase their stock levels to meet the increased demand and maximize their profits. The second machine learning algorithm dynamically sets prices for the seller's products based on factors such as demand, date, and product category. This algorithm takes into account market trends and consumer behavior to set a price that is both competitive and profitable for the seller. For example, if a particular product is in high demand during a particular day, the algorithm will adjust the price to reflect the increased demand and allow the seller to sell the product at a higher price. In addition to these two machine learning algorithms, our online order management system includes a range of other features to help sellers manage their business effectively and efficiently. This includes order tracking, stock management, and customer management, all of which can be accessed from a single dashboard. The implementation of these machine learning algorithms is a crucial aspect of our online order management system, as they allow sellers to make informed decisions about their business. By using data and insights to optimize stock levels and pricing strategies, sellers can maximize their profits and minimize their losses. It is a comprehensive platform that provides sellers with the tools they need to manage their business effectively and efficiently.
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Bucarey, Víctor, Sourour Elloumi, Martine Labbé, and Fränk Plein. "Models and algorithms for the product pricing with single-minded customers requesting bundles." Computers & Operations Research 127 (March 2021): 105139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2020.105139.

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Ke, Chenxu, and Ruxian Wang. "Cross-Category Retailing Management: Substitution and Complementarity." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 24, no. 2 (2022): 1128–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/msom.2021.0968.

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Problem definition: This paper studies pricing and assortment management for cross-category products, a common practice in brick-and-mortar retailing and e-tailing. Academic/practical relevance: We investigate the complementarity effects between the main products and the secondary products, in addition to the substitution effects for products in the same category. Methodology: In this paper, we develop a multistage sequential choice model, under which a consumer first chooses a main product and then selects a secondary product. The new model can alleviate the restriction of the independence of irrelevant alternatives property and allows more flexible substitution patterns and also takes into account complementarity effects. Results: We characterize the impact of the magnitude of complementarity effects on pricing and assortment management. For the problems that are hard to solve optimally, we propose simple heuristics and establish performance guarantee. In addition, we develop easy-to-implement estimation algorithms to calibrate the proposed sequential choice model by using sales data. Managerial implications: We show that ignoring or mis-specifying complementarity effects may lead to substantial losses. The methodologies on modeling, optimization, and estimation have potential to make an impact on cross-category retailing management.
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Subbarayudu, Yerragudipadu, G. Vijendar Reddy, M. Vamsi Krishna Raj, K. Uday, M. D. Fasiuddin, and P. Vishal. "An efficient novel approach to E-commerce retail price optimization through machine learning." E3S Web of Conferences 391 (2023): 01104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339101104.

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Businesses can use price optimization to discover the most profitable price point by using customer and market data to drive their decisions. The optimal price points will result in the company making the most money possible, but they may also be created to help the company expand into untapped markets or increase its market share, for example Businesses can use machine learning to price products and services to maximise sales or profitability by using data instead of educated guess-work. When utilised for price optimization, ML-based algorithms can be used to forecast demand for a particular product as well as the ideal price and how buyers will respond to specific pricing. Pricing decisions can be made more accurately using machine learning, which will boost a company's revenue.
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Hutchinson, Christophe Samuel, Gulnara Fliurovna Ruchkina, and Sergei Guerasimovich Pavlikov. "Tacit Collusion on Steroids: The Potential Risks for Competition Resulting from the Use of Algorithm Technology by Companies." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (2021): 951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020951.

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Digitalization has a growing impact on everyone’s life. It influences the way consumers purchase products, read online news, access multimedia content, and even meet or interact socially. At the core of digital products lies algorithm technology, decision-making software capable of fulfilling multiple tasks: data mining, result ranking, user matching, dynamic pricing, product recommendations, and ads targeting, among others. Notwithstanding the perceived benefits of algorithms for the economy, the question has been raised of whether the use of algorithms by businesses might have countervailing effects on competition. Although any anti-competitive behavior typically observed in traditional markets can be implemented by this technology, a particular issue highlighted in discussions between researchers and practitioners is the concern that algorithms might foster collusion. Because of their capacity to increase market transparency and the frequency of interactions between competing firms, they can be used to facilitate parallel collusive behavior while dispensing competing firms with the need for explicit communication. Consequently, it is not excluded that algorithms will be used in the years to come to obtain the effects of a cartel without the need to enter into restrictive agreements or to engage in concerted practices. We evaluate the collusion risks associated with the use of algorithms and discuss whether the “agreement for antitrust purposes” concept needs revisiting. The more firms made use of types of algorithms that enable direct and indirect communication between the competitors, the more likely those companies may be considered liable.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Product Pricing Algorithms"

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Schwahn, Florian David [Verfasser]. "Product Pricing with Additive Influences - Algorithms and Complexity Results for Pricing in Social Networks / Florian David Schwahn." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1135597022/34.

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Schwahn, Florian David [Verfasser], and Sven Oliver [Akademischer Betreuer] Krumke. "Product Pricing with Additive Influences - Algorithms and Complexity Results for Pricing in Social Networks / Florian David Schwahn ; Betreuer: Sven Oliver Krumke." Kaiserslautern : Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1135956979/34.

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Rousset, Xavier. "La tarification dynamique, l'utile et le juste Seasonal factors and marketing mix: Literature survey and proposed guidelines An analytical framework for retailer price and advertising decisions for products with temperature-sensitive demand The impact of outdoor temperature on pricing and advertising policies for weather-sensitive products Tarification dynamique en ligne et éthicalité perçue par le consommateur : synthèse et voies de recherche Designing algorithmic dynamic pricing from an ethical perspective Are consumers vulnerable to algorithmic dynamic pricing? An empirical investigation." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCB039.

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Cette thèse regroupe différents travaux de recherche sur la tarification dynamique. L'objectif de la thèse, située à l'interface des sciences économiques, des sciences de gestion et des sciences politiques, est double : d'une part, étudier les déterminants et les conditions d'utilisation de la tarification dynamique au niveau de la firme dans une perspective de maximation de ses profits et, d'autre part, de montrer comment, à un niveau collectif, la prise en compte des questions éthiques dans l'étude de la tarification dynamique permet de mieux en comprendre la portée. Nos contributions, à la fois théoriques et empiriques, sont présentées en deux parties. La partie 1, axée sur l'efficacité économique (point de vue de l'utile), regroupe des questionnements sur les considérations de maximation du bénéfice liées à la tarification dynamique. A partir de l'étude de produits dits météo-sensibles dans les canaux de distribution physique, nous présentons une revue de littérature qui introduit l'adaptation dynamique du prix à des facteurs influençant la demande et nous proposons un modèle théorique d'adaptation dynamique du prix dans le temps suivant la température. Nous complétons cette approche théorique, par une étude empirique qui approfondit comment la tarification, exercée de manière dynamique du point de vue de la firme en réaction à des facteurs extérieurs, lui permet de maximiser ses intérêts. La partie 2 regroupe des travaux sur les considérations éthiques liées à la tarification dynamique (point de vue du juste). En se focalisant sur les canaux de distribution en ligne, nous discutons, sur un plan théorique, les incidences possibles de la tarification dynamique sur la perception éthique par le consommateur, en mettant en évidence les éventuels risques d'injustice ou de vulnérabilité que cette stratégie de fixation du prix soulève. D'un point de vue empirique, nous approfondissons l'analyse des déterminants de la perception éthique de la tarification dynamique en ligne par le consommateur, notamment en fonction des conditions de son paramétrage, ainsi que les dimensions de vulnérabilité qui préoccupent les consommateurs. La conclusion de la thèse regroupe des pistes de recherche futures portant sur l'approfondissement de la mesure de l'éthique perçue, sur les potentialités de l'hybridation de la science économique avec l'éthique sur un sujet comme celui de la tarification dynamique et sur les considérations que nous avons entrevues sur le lien entre la tarification dynamique et la révélation de la valeur d'échange (point de vue du vrai)<br>This PhD thesis brings together different research projects on dynamic pricing. The objective of the thesis, located at the interface of economics, management sciences and political sciences, is twofold: first, to study the determinants and conditions of use of dynamic pricing at the level of firm in a perspective of maximizing its profits and, on the other hand, to show how, at a collective level, the consideration of ethical issues in the study of dynamic pricing allows a better understanding of its scope. Our contributions, both theoretical and empirical, are presented in two parts. Part 1 focuses on economic efficiency (point of view of the useful), and asks questions about the maximization of profit considerations related to dynamic pricing. From the study of so-called weather-sensitive products in the physical distribution channels, we present a literature review that introduces the dynamic adaptation of the price to factors influencing the demand and we propose a theoretical model of dynamic adaptation of the price in time following the temperature. We complete this theoretical approach with an empirical study that examines how pricing, exercised dynamically from the firm's point of view in response to external factors, allows it to maximize its interests. Part 2 brings together work on ethical considerations related to dynamic pricing (the point of view of the right). Focusing on online distribution channels, we discuss, on a theoretical level, the potential impact of dynamic pricing on consumers' ethical perception, highlighting potential risks of unfairness or vulnerability that price fixing raises. From an empirical point of view, we thoroughly analyse the determinants of the ethical perception of online dynamic pricing by the consumer, in particular according to the conditions of its setting, as well as the dimensions of vulnerability that concern consumers.The conclusion of the thesis brings together future lines of research on the deepening of the measurement of perceived ethics, on the potentialities of the hybridization of economic science with ethics on a subject such as dynamic pricing and on the considerations we have seen on the link between dynamic pricing and the revelation of exchange value (point of view of the true)
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Sindhu, P. R. "Algorithms for Product Pricing and Energy Allocation in Energy Harvesting Sensor Networks." Thesis, 2014. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3505.

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In this thesis, we consider stochastic systems which arise in different real-world application contexts. The first problem we consider is based on product adoption and pricing. A monopolist selling a product has to appropriately price the product over time in order to maximize the aggregated profit. The demand for a product is uncertain and is influenced by a number of factors, some of which are price, advertising, and product technology. We study the influence of price on the demand of a product and also how demand affects future prices. Our approach involves mathematically modelling the variation in demand as a function of price and current sales. We present a simulation-based algorithm for computing the optimal price path of a product for a given period of time. The algorithm we propose uses a smoothed-functional based performance gradient descent method to find a price sequence which maximizes the total profit over a planning horizon. The second system we consider is in the domain of sensor networks. A sensor network is a collection of autonomous nodes, each of which senses the environment. Sensor nodes use energy for sensing and communication related tasks. We consider the problem of finding optimal energy sharing policies that maximize the network performance of a system comprising of multiple sensor nodes and a single energy harvesting(EH) source. Nodes periodically sense a random field and generate data, which is stored in their respective data queues. The EH source harnesses energy from ambient energy sources and the generated energy is stored in a buffer. The nodes require energy for transmission of data and and they receive the energy for this purpose from the EH source. There is a need for efficiently sharing the stored energy in the EH source among the nodes in the system, in order to minimize average delay of data transmission over the long run. We formulate this problem in the framework of average cost infinite-horizon Markov Decision Processes[3],[7]and provide algorithms for the same.
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Bégin, Jean-François. "New simulation schemes for the Heston model." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8752.

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Les titres financiers sont souvent modélisés par des équations différentielles stochastiques (ÉDS). Ces équations peuvent décrire le comportement de l'actif, et aussi parfois certains paramètres du modèle. Par exemple, le modèle de Heston (1993), qui s'inscrit dans la catégorie des modèles à volatilité stochastique, décrit le comportement de l'actif et de la variance de ce dernier. Le modèle de Heston est très intéressant puisqu'il admet des formules semi-analytiques pour certains produits dérivés, ainsi qu'un certain réalisme. Cependant, la plupart des algorithmes de simulation pour ce modèle font face à quelques problèmes lorsque la condition de Feller (1951) n'est pas respectée. Dans ce mémoire, nous introduisons trois nouveaux algorithmes de simulation pour le modèle de Heston. Ces nouveaux algorithmes visent à accélérer le célèbre algorithme de Broadie et Kaya (2006); pour ce faire, nous utiliserons, entre autres, des méthodes de Monte Carlo par chaînes de Markov (MCMC) et des approximations. Dans le premier algorithme, nous modifions la seconde étape de la méthode de Broadie et Kaya afin de l'accélérer. Alors, au lieu d'utiliser la méthode de Newton du second ordre et l'approche d'inversion, nous utilisons l'algorithme de Metropolis-Hastings (voir Hastings (1970)). Le second algorithme est une amélioration du premier. Au lieu d'utiliser la vraie densité de la variance intégrée, nous utilisons l'approximation de Smith (2007). Cette amélioration diminue la dimension de l'équation caractéristique et accélère l'algorithme. Notre dernier algorithme n'est pas basé sur une méthode MCMC. Cependant, nous essayons toujours d'accélérer la seconde étape de la méthode de Broadie et Kaya (2006). Afin de réussir ceci, nous utilisons une variable aléatoire gamma dont les moments sont appariés à la vraie variable aléatoire de la variance intégrée par rapport au temps. Selon Stewart et al. (2007), il est possible d'approximer une convolution de variables aléatoires gamma (qui ressemble beaucoup à la représentation donnée par Glasserman et Kim (2008) si le pas de temps est petit) par une simple variable aléatoire gamma.<br>Financial stocks are often modeled by stochastic differential equations (SDEs). These equations could describe the behavior of the underlying asset as well as some of the model's parameters. For example, the Heston (1993) model, which is a stochastic volatility model, describes the behavior of the stock and the variance of the latter. The Heston model is very interesting since it has semi-closed formulas for some derivatives, and it is quite realistic. However, many simulation schemes for this model have problems when the Feller (1951) condition is violated. In this thesis, we introduce new simulation schemes to simulate price paths using the Heston model. These new algorithms are based on Broadie and Kaya's (2006) method. In order to increase the speed of the exact scheme of Broadie and Kaya, we use, among other things, Markov chains Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms and some well-chosen approximations. In our first algorithm, we modify the second step of the Broadie and Kaya's method in order to get faster schemes. Instead of using the second-order Newton method coupled with the inversion approach, we use a Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. The second algorithm is a small improvement of our latter scheme. Instead of using the real integrated variance over time p.d.f., we use Smith's (2007) approximation. This helps us decrease the dimension of our problem (from three to two). Our last algorithm is not based on MCMC methods. However, we still try to speed up the second step of Broadie and Kaya. In order to achieve this, we use a moment-matched gamma random variable. According to Stewart et al. (2007), it is possible to approximate a complex gamma convolution (somewhat near the representation given by Glasserman and Kim (2008) when T-t is close to zero) by a gamma distribution.
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Book chapters on the topic "Product Pricing Algorithms"

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Aggarwal, Gagan, Tomás Feder, Rajeev Motwani, and An Zhu. "Algorithms for Multi-product Pricing." In Automata, Languages and Programming. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27836-8_9.

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Dasgupta, Prithviraj, Louise E. Moser, and P. Michael Melliar-Smith. "Dynamic Pricing for E-Commerce." In Electronic Business. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-056-1.ch025.

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Over the last decade, e-commerce has significantly changed the traditional forms of interaction among humans in conducting business by automating business processes over the Internet. Early seller Web sites consisted of passive text-based catalogs of products that could be manually browsed by potential customers. Online passive catalogs were soon replaced by dynamically updated catalogs containing detailed product descriptions using combinations of text and images that could be searched in various formats and according to different search criteria. E-commerce techniques used by sellers for operations such as price setting, negotiation, and payment have matured from manual off-line processing of sales data to automated algorithms that dynamically determine prices and profits for sellers. Modern e-commerce processes for trading goods between buyers and sellers can be divided into five stages: search, valuation, negotiation, payment, and delivery. Depending on the type of market in which the goods are traded, some of the above stages are more important than others. There are three principal market models that are used for online trading. The most common market model used by online sellers for trading goods over the Internet is the posted-price market model. The other two market models, the auction model (Sandholm, Suri, Gilpin, &amp; Levine, 2002) and the marketplace model (Chavez &amp; Maes, 1996), are used for markets in which niche or specialty items with sporadic or uncertain demand are traded. In the posted-price market model, a seller announces the price of a product on its Web site. Buyers visiting the seller’s Web site request a quote from the seller. The seller responds with a quote in response to the buyers’ requests, and the buyers examine the seller’s quote to make a purchase decision. Unlike auctions and market places, products traded in posted-price markets are no-niche items and exhibit continuous demand over time. The Web site of online book merchant Amazon (http://www.amazon.com) is an example of a posted-price market. A buyer interested in a particular book enters the necessary information through a form on Amazon’s Web site to request the price of the book and receives the price in response. Modern seller Web sites employ automated techniques for the different stages of e-commerce. Intermediaries called intelligent agents are used to automate trading processes by implementing different algorithms for selling products. For example, Web sites such as MySimon (http://www. mysimon.com) and PriceGrabber (http://www. pricegrabber.com) automate the search stage by employing the services of intelligent agents called shopbots. Shopbots enable buyers to make an informed purchase decision by comparing the prices and other attributes of products from thousands of online sellers. Automated price comparison by buyers has resulted in increased competition among sellers. Sellers have responded to this challenge by using intelligent agents called pricebots that dynamically determine the price of a product in response to varying market conditions and buyers’ preferences. Intelligent agents are also used to enable other e-commerce processes, such as supply-chain management and automated negotiation. In this article, we focus on the different algorithms that sellers’ pricebots can use for the dynamic pricing of goods in posted-price markets.
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Balusamy, Balamurugan, Priya Jha, Tamizh Arasi, and Malathi Velu. "Predictive Analysis for Digital Marketing Using Big Data." In Web Services. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7501-6.ch041.

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Big data analytics in recent years had developed lightning fast applications that deal with predictive analysis of huge volumes of data in domains of finance, health, weather, travel, marketing and more. Business analysts take their decisions using the statistical analysis of the available data pulled in from social media, user surveys, blogs and internet resources. Customer sentiment has to be taken into account for designing, launching and pricing a product to be inducted into the market and the emotions of the consumers changes and is influenced by several tangible and intangible factors. The possibility of using Big data analytics to present data in a quickly viewable format giving different perspectives of the same data is appreciated in the field of finance and health, where the advent of decision support system is possible in all aspects of their working. Cognitive computing and artificial intelligence are making big data analytical algorithms to think more on their own, leading to come out with Big data agents with their own functionalities.
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Balusamy, Balamurugan, Priya Jha, Tamizh Arasi, and Malathi Velu. "Predictive Analysis for Digital Marketing Using Big Data." In Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2031-3.ch016.

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Big data analytics in recent years had developed lightning fast applications that deal with predictive analysis of huge volumes of data in domains of finance, health, weather, travel, marketing and more. Business analysts take their decisions using the statistical analysis of the available data pulled in from social media, user surveys, blogs and internet resources. Customer sentiment has to be taken into account for designing, launching and pricing a product to be inducted into the market and the emotions of the consumers changes and is influenced by several tangible and intangible factors. The possibility of using Big data analytics to present data in a quickly viewable format giving different perspectives of the same data is appreciated in the field of finance and health, where the advent of decision support system is possible in all aspects of their working. Cognitive computing and artificial intelligence are making big data analytical algorithms to think more on their own, leading to come out with Big data agents with their own functionalities.
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Conference papers on the topic "Product Pricing Algorithms"

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Vadde, Srikanth, Sagar V. Kamarthi, and Surendra M. Gupta. "Pricing decisions for product recovery facilities in a multi-criteria setting using genetic algorithms." In Optics East 2006, edited by Surendra M. Gupta. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.686237.

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Han, Zhuoyang, Ang Li, and Yu Sun. "An Automated Data-Driven Prediction of Product Pricing Based on Covid-19 Case Number using Data Mining and Machine Learning." In 9th International Conference on Natural Language Processing (NLP 2020). AIRCC Publishing Corporation, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2020.101420.

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In early 2020, a global outbreak of Corona Disease Virus 2019 (Covid-19) emerged as an acute respiratory infectious Disease with high infectivity and incidence. China imposed a blockade on the worst affected city of Wuhan at the end of January 2020, and over time, covid19 spread rapidly around the world and was designated pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11. As the epidemic spread, the number of confirmed cases and the number of deaths in countries around the world are changing day by day. Correspondingly, the price of face masks, as important epidemic prevention materials, is also changing with each passing day in international trade. In this project, we used machine learning to solve this problem. The project used python to find algorithms to fit daily confirmed cases in China, daily deaths, daily confirmed cases in the world, and daily deaths in the world, the recorded mask price was used to predict the effect of the number of cases on the mask price. Under such circumstances, the demand for face masks in the international trade market is enormous, and because the epidemic changes from day to day, the prices of face masks fluctuate from day to day and are very unstable. We would like to provide guidance to traders and the general public on the purchase of face masks by forecasting face mask prices.
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Qian, Li, and David Ben-Arieh. "Joint Pricing and Platform Configuration in Product Family Design With Genetic Algorithm." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86110.

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Manufacturers add numerous product variants to address different customer preferences for mass customization. One approach to implement the mass customization is to develop or produce products based on the platform architecture. A platform is a set of common components, modules or parts shared by product variants in one product family. One product variant makes use of the platform as the starting point and then add or remove components to change features of the product. The problem of determining the platform configuration is considered as maximizing the overall profit under the price-dependent demand market environment while satisfying the part assembly constraints. Platform configuration and sale prices are decision variables in the problem. A strategy based on Genetic Algorithm is proposed to solve the illustrating problem involving the product family of cordless drills. Results manifest that the sale price decision could have significant influence on the product family design, e.g. the platform configuration and the profitability of one product family.
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Sandholm, Tuomas. "Super-Human AI for Strategic Reasoning: Beating Top Pros in Heads-Up No-Limit Texas Hold'em." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/4.

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Poker has been a challenge problem in AI and game theory for decades. As a game of imperfect information it involves obstacles not present in games like chess and Go, and requires totally different techniques. No program had been able to beat top players in large poker games. Until now! In January 2017, our AI, Libratus, beat a team of four top specialist professionals in heads-up no-limit Texas hold'em, which has 10^161 decision points. This game is the main benchmark challenge for imperfect-information game solving. Libratus is the only AI that has beat top humans at this game. Libratus is powered by new algorithms in each of its three main modules: 1. computing blueprint (approximate Nash equilibrium) strategies before the event, 2. novel nested endgame solving during play, and 3. fixing its own strategy to play even closer to equilibrium based on what holes the opponents have been able to identify and exploit. These domain-independent algorithms have potential applicability to a variety of real-world imperfect-information games such as negotiation, business strategy, cybersecurity, physical security, military applications, strategic pricing, product portfolio planning, certain areas of finance, auctions, political campaigns, and steering biological adaptation and evolution, for example, for medical treatment planning.
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Bombin, A. "Digital Product Pricing Algorithm Development." In International Conference on Finance, Entrepreneurship and Technologies in Digital Economy. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.03.65.

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Meng, Qiunan, and Xun Xu. "A Stochastic Optimization Model for a Joint Pricing and Resource Allocation Problem." In ASME 2020 15th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2020-8238.

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Abstract In a competitive and volatile market, the price is needed to make in consideration of the uncertain demands of the customers and the limited capacities of enterprises. This requires the coordination decisions on pricing, delivery and resource allocation to increase profit and guarantee service quality for firms. The joint decision on pricing and resource allocation with demand and processing time uncertainty is becoming an issue for a profit-maximizing firm that produces various products. We propose a two-stage model based on stochastic programming to address this joint problem, aiming to maximize profit of products. We present a scenario-simulation approach to describe the stochastic variables; then the deterministic two-stage mixed integer linear programming model is formulated depending on those scenarios. We develop an algorithm by ant colony algorithm to obtain the near-optimal solutions of the models above. The numerical experiments were conducted to validate the proposed models. The results show that the stochastic approach outperforms the deterministic model in the different problem scales and yield the better values of compared metrics. The outcomes also imply that this joint pricing model can provide managerial inspiration for enterprises in the customization environment.
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Wu, Shuli, and Songlin Chen. "A Bi-level algorithm for product line design and pricing." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieem.2014.7058591.

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Xu, Jing, and Qiunan Meng. "Multi-product Pricing Method Based on Improved Ant Colony Algorithm." In 3rd International Symposium on Social Science (ISSS 2017). Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/isss-17.2017.82.

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Yabe, Akihiro, Shinji Ito, and Ryohei Fujimaki. "Robust Quadratic Programming for Price Optimization." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/648.

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The goal of price optimization is to maximize total revenue by adjusting the prices of products, on the basis of predicted sales numbers that are functions of pricing strategies. Recent advances in demand modeling using machine learning raise a new challenge in price optimization, i.e., how to manage statistical errors in estimation. In this paper, we show that uncertainty in recently-proposed prescriptive price optimization frameworks can be represented by a matrix normal distribution. For this particular uncertainty, we propose novel robust quadratic programming algorithms for conservative lower-bound maximization. We offer an asymptotic probabilistic guarantee of conservativeness of our formulation. Our experiments on both artificial and actual price data show that our robust price optimization allows users to determine best risk-return trade-offs and to explore safe, profitable price strategies.
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Balcan, Maria-Florina, Siddharth Prasad, and Tuomas Sandholm. "Efficient Algorithms for Learning Revenue-Maximizing Two-Part Tariffs." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/47.

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A two-part tariff is a pricing scheme that consists of an up-front lump sum fee and a per unit fee. Various products in the real world are sold via a menu, or list, of two-part tariffs---for example gym memberships, cell phone data plans, etc. We study learning high-revenue menus of two-part tariffs from buyer valuation data, in the setting where the mechanism designer has access to samples from the distribution over buyers' values rather than an explicit description thereof. Our algorithms have clear direct uses, and provide the missing piece for the recent generalization theory of two-part tariffs. We present a polynomial time algorithm for optimizing one two-part tariff. We also present an algorithm for optimizing a length-L menu of two-part tariffs with run time exponential in L but polynomial in all other problem parameters. We then generalize the problem to multiple markets. We prove how many samples suffice to guarantee that a two-part tariff scheme that is feasible on the samples is also feasible on a new problem instance with high probability. We then show that computing revenue-maximizing feasible prices is hard even for buyers with additive valuations. Then, for buyers with identical valuation distributions, we present a condition that is sufficient for the two-part tariff scheme from the unsegmented setting to be optimal for the market-segmented setting. Finally, we prove a generalization result that states how many samples suffice so that we can compute the unsegmented solution on the samples and still be guaranteed that we get a near-optimal solution for the market-segmented setting with high probability.
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