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Academic literature on the topic 'Productivité de l'océan'
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Journal articles on the topic "Productivité de l'océan"
Perrier, Christine, Claude Hillaire-Marcel, and Luc Ortlieb. "Paléogéographie littorale et enregistrement isotopique (13C, 18O) d’événements de type El Niño par les mollusques holocènes et récents du nord-ouest péruvien." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 48, no. 1 (November 23, 2007): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032970ar.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Productivité de l'océan"
Uitz, Julia. "Structure des communautés phytoplanctoniques et propriétés photophysiologiques dans l'océan ouvert : paramétrisation en vue d'applications à la couleur de l'océan." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2006AIX22052.pdf.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis focuses on the structure of phytoplankton communities and their photophysiological properties in the world ocean, in view of satellite applications. In the first part, we studied the relationships between near-surface chlorophyll content, [Chla]surf, as it can be assessed from ocean color and (i) the phytoplankton biomass, (ii) its vertical distribution and (iii) its taxonomic composition in terms of phytoplankton groups (micro-, nano- and picophytoplankton). In this objective, we analyzed more than 21 000 pigment measurements, collected in various regions of the world ocean. Corroborating well known general trends (e. G. Microphytoplankton are mostly found in eutrophic zones, while small cells predominate in oligotrophic regions), this study lead to a global empirical relationship, allowing the quantification of the biomass, as well as the vertical distribution, of each of the three phytoplankton groups, from the [Chla]surf. In the second part, we studied the variability of the phytoplankton photophysiological properties as a function of (i) the trophic status and (ii) the composition of phytoplankton communities. Based on the analysis of 994 measurements of P vs E curves parameters, this study points to a possible alternative to present parameterizations of photophysiological properties, which usually rely on one (or more) environmental factor. This also allowed us to extract photophysiological properties specific to each of the phytoplankton groups, a priori representative of the world ocean. Finally, the tools developed here were used in conjunction with a bio-optical primary production model, coupled with ocean color data, in order to estimate, for the first time, the primary production specific to the three phytoplankton groups
Berthelot, Béatrice. "Estimation de la production primaire marine : développement et évaluation d'un modèle adapté à l'utilisation des données satellitales de couleur de l'océan." Toulouse, INPT, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPT035H.
Full textNave, Sílvia. "Changements de la productivité océanique lors des variations rapides du climat (Evènements de Heinrich)." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112254.
Full textThe last glacial period was punctuated by dramatic ice sheet surges in the north atlantic, known as heinrich events (he). They caused major changes in surface water properties and destabilization of thermohaline circulation. Besides, they had also major impacts on marine ecosystem as the later is highly dependent on light, temperature and nutrients supply. Additional nutrient sources from iceberg melting or linked to a stronger southern intermediate water component reaching the northern atlantic may have occurred during he, thus increasing primary productivity. At the opposite, productivity may have been hampered by the cooling and increased stratification associated with he. Also, we present here a high-resolution analysis of paleoproductivity (diatoms and organic carbon content) in the north atlantic, during the two major iceberg surges (h1 and h4) in order to understand links between variability of primary productivity, iceberg discharges, changes on surface hydrology and deep-water convection. Results shows a strong decrease on productivity during he especially in the area of maximum ice-rafted deposition, but also south of that latitudinal band that is probably due to reduced nutrient supply linked to upper layer stratification
Ayyala, Somayajula Srikanth, and Somayajula Srikanth Ayyala. "Effets des grands angles de zénith et de la couverture nuageuse sur l'éclairement sous-marin : implications pour la production primaire dans l'océan Arctique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37887.
Full textLe processus de la photosynthèse nécessite l'énergie de la lumière solaire et, dans l’océan, se déroule essentiellement dans la couche euphotique. Outre les autres variables (à savoir la chlorophylle a et les paramètres photosynthétiques), une connaissance appropriée du champ lumineux en termes de rayonnement incident disponible sur la photosynthèse (PAR) à un emplacement, une profondeur et une heure et une date donnés, est requise par les modèles d'écosystème marin. Le travail inclus dans cette thèse examine comment des angles de zénith solaires plus grands et différentes conditions nuageuses caractéristiques des régions de haute latitude, en particulier dans l'Arctique, peuvent affecter la précision des estimations de l'éclairement de surface et dans la colonne d’eau. L’accent est également mis sur les variations du champs lumineux à haute fréquence liées à la nébulosité sur les estimations de la productivité primaire. Les PAR de surface estimés à partir de différents modèles ont été comparés à des mesures en série chronologique in situ à haute fréquence de données de PAR d'une bouée située en mer Méditerranée. Nous avons examiné comment les incertitudes dues aux angles de zénith solaires plus grands, en conditions nuageuses variables, pouvaient affecter la précision des estimations de l'éclairement de surface. La méthode de classement objectif a été utilisée pour identifier les meilleures méthodes. Le produit PAR de la NASA-Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) a montré les meilleures performances globales, tandis que les PAR basées sur la méthode de la table de conversion (LUT) ont présenté les meilleures performances en termes de différence carrée moyenne, de biais sous ciel clair et également par temps couvert. D'autres méthodes basées sur des formulations empiriques ont montré la troisième meilleure performance par temps clair, tandis que par temps nuageux, elles présentaient de plus grandes incertitudes. Trois méthodes testées par faible ensoleillement ont montré des incertitudes allant jusqu'à 50% dans toutes les conditions du ciel. Les performances du modèle dépendent des propriétés et des produits de nuage...
The process of photosynthesis requires the energy from sunlight and takes place essentially in the euphotic layer of the oceans. In addition to other variables (i.e., chlorophyll a and photosynthetic parameters) a suitable knowledge of light field in terms of photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) at any given location, depth and time is an important input parameter required by marine ecosystem models. The work included in this thesis examines how larger solar zenith angles, different cloud conditions that are characteristic features of high latitude regions, especially in Arctic, might affect the accuracy of surface irradiance estimates. Further, main focus was on the effects of high frequency variations in the light field on primary production. Surface PAR estimated from different models were compared with high frequency in situ time series measurements of PAR a buoy located in Mediterranean Sea. It was examined how uncertainties due to larger solar zenith angles under varying cloud conditions might affect the accuracy of surface irradiance. Objective ranking method was used to identify the best methods. Methods tested under low sun elevations exhibited uncertainties as large as 50% under all sky conditions. Model performances were dependent on cloud properties and products. Accuracy of a semianalytical model for coefficient of vertical diffuse attenuation of surface irradiance (kd!) based on optical properties inherent to the water itself (absorption and scattering), and solar zenith angle was examined under larger solar zenith angels and cloud conditions. Extensive radiative transfer simulations were performed to quantify the uncertainties due to large solar zenith angles and clouds on the estimates of diffuse attenuation coefficient. The uncertainties under both these conditions are due to the variability in the proportions of direct and diffuse parts of the total irradiance reaching the surface and in the water column. Also, an improved model parameterization proposed to estimate !"# under large solar zenith angels and cloud conditions was evaluated with Arctic in situ data exhibited good performances...
The process of photosynthesis requires the energy from sunlight and takes place essentially in the euphotic layer of the oceans. In addition to other variables (i.e., chlorophyll a and photosynthetic parameters) a suitable knowledge of light field in terms of photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) at any given location, depth and time is an important input parameter required by marine ecosystem models. The work included in this thesis examines how larger solar zenith angles, different cloud conditions that are characteristic features of high latitude regions, especially in Arctic, might affect the accuracy of surface irradiance estimates. Further, main focus was on the effects of high frequency variations in the light field on primary production. Surface PAR estimated from different models were compared with high frequency in situ time series measurements of PAR a buoy located in Mediterranean Sea. It was examined how uncertainties due to larger solar zenith angles under varying cloud conditions might affect the accuracy of surface irradiance. Objective ranking method was used to identify the best methods. Methods tested under low sun elevations exhibited uncertainties as large as 50% under all sky conditions. Model performances were dependent on cloud properties and products. Accuracy of a semianalytical model for coefficient of vertical diffuse attenuation of surface irradiance (kd!) based on optical properties inherent to the water itself (absorption and scattering), and solar zenith angle was examined under larger solar zenith angels and cloud conditions. Extensive radiative transfer simulations were performed to quantify the uncertainties due to large solar zenith angles and clouds on the estimates of diffuse attenuation coefficient. The uncertainties under both these conditions are due to the variability in the proportions of direct and diffuse parts of the total irradiance reaching the surface and in the water column. Also, an improved model parameterization proposed to estimate !"# under large solar zenith angels and cloud conditions was evaluated with Arctic in situ data exhibited good performances...
Djoumoi, Mohamed. "Plausibilité de la couverture boursière des prix des denrées de l'Océan Indien." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON10048.
Full textBosc, Emmanuel. "Variations saisonnières et interannuelles de la biomasse phytoplanctonique et de la production primaire en Méditerranée : évaluation et utilisation des données satellitales de couleur de l'océan (SeaWiFs, Polder et OCTS)." Toulon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUL0008.
Full textPichat, Sylvain. "Variations du rapport (231Pa/230Th)xs,0 et de la composition isotopique du zinc dans des sédiments de l'océan Pacifique équatorial au Quaternaire : implications pour la productivité biologique et relations avec la thermocline." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENSL0202.
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