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Journal articles on the topic 'Protometabolism'

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1

de Duve, Christian. "From protometabolism to metabolism." Origins of life and evolution of the biosphere 24, no. 2-4 (1994): 346–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02627949.

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2

Broecker, Felix. "Genome Evolution from Random Ligation of RNAs of Autocatalytic Sets." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 24 (2021): 13526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413526.

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The evolutionary origin of the genome remains elusive. Here, I hypothesize that its first iteration, the protogenome, was a multi-ribozyme RNA. It evolved, likely within liposomes (the protocells) forming in dry-wet cycling environments, through the random fusion of ribozymes by a ligase and was amplified by a polymerase. The protogenome thereby linked, in one molecule, the information required to seed the protometabolism (a combination of RNA-based autocatalytic sets) in newly forming protocells. If this combination of autocatalytic sets was evolutionarily advantageous, the protogenome would
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3

Pratt, Andrew J. "Prebiological Evolution and the Metabolic Origins of Life." Artificial Life 17, no. 3 (2011): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artl_a_00032.

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The chemoton model of cells posits three subsystems: metabolism, compartmentalization, and information. A specific model for the prebiological evolution of a reproducing system with rudimentary versions of these three interdependent subsystems is presented. This is based on the initial emergence and reproduction of autocatalytic networks in hydrothermal microcompartments containing iron sulfide. The driving force for life was catalysis of the dissipation of the intrinsic redox gradient of the planet. The codependence of life on iron and phosphate provides chemical constraints on the ordering o
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4

Kitadai, Norio, Ryuhei Nakamura, Masahiro Yamamoto, Ken Takai, Naohiro Yoshida, and Yoshi Oono. "Metals likely promoted protometabolism in early ocean alkaline hydrothermal systems." Science Advances 5, no. 6 (2019): eaav7848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav7848.

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One of the most plausible scenarios of the origin of life assumes the preceding prebiotic autotrophic metabolism in sulfide-rich hydrothermal vent environments. However, geochemical mechanisms to harness the reductive power provided by hydrothermal systems remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that, under a geoelectrochemical condition realizable in the early ocean hydrothermal systems, several metal sulfides (FeS, Ag2S, CuS, and PbS) undergo hour- to day-scale conversion to the corresponding metals at ≤−0.7 V (versus the standard hydrogen electrode). The electrochemically produced FeS-Fe0 as
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5

Hagan, William J. "Uracil-Catalyzed Synthesis of Acetyl Phosphate: A Photochemical Driver for Protometabolism." ChemBioChem 11, no. 3 (2010): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbic.200900433.

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6

Patel, Bhavesh H., Claudia Percivalle, Dougal J. Ritson, Colm D. Duffy, and John D. Sutherland. "Common origins of RNA, protein and lipid precursors in a cyanosulfidic protometabolism." Nature Chemistry 7, no. 4 (2015): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchem.2202.

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7

Monreal Santiago, Guillermo, Kai Liu, Wesley R. Browne, and Sijbren Otto. "Emergence of light-driven protometabolism on recruitment of a photocatalytic cofactor by a self-replicator." Nature Chemistry 12, no. 7 (2020): 603–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41557-020-0494-4.

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8

Emond, Matthieu, Thomas Le Saux, Jean-Francois Allemand, Philippe Pelupessy, Raphaël Plasson, and Ludovic Jullien. "Energy Propagation Through a Protometabolism Leading to the Local Emergence of Singular Stationary Concentration Profiles." Chemistry - A European Journal 18, no. 45 (2012): 14375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201201974.

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9

Zhou, Xianfeng, Punam Dalai, and Nita Sahai. "Semipermeable Mixed Phospholipid-Fatty Acid Membranes Exhibit K+/Na+ Selectivity in the Absence of Proteins." Life 10, no. 4 (2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life10040039.

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Two important ions, K+ and Na+, are unequally distributed across the contemporary phospholipid-based cell membrane because modern cells evolved a series of sophisticated protein channels and pumps to maintain ion gradients. The earliest life-like entities or protocells did not possess either ion-tight membranes or ion pumps, which would result in the equilibration of the intra-protocellular K+/Na+ ratio with that in the external environment. Here, we show that the most primitive protocell membranes composed of fatty acids, that were initially leaky, would eventually become less ion permeable a
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10

Helman, Daniel S., and Matthew Retallack. "Electrochemical cells from water ice? Preliminary methods and results." PLOS ONE 18, no. 8 (2023): e0285507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285507.

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Electrochemical cells from ice will be an important seasonal addition to power generation in cold regions. We demonstrate power generation on the order of 0.1 mW at 0.3 V and 0.13 m2 surface area using an electrochemical cell with 2% HCl providing a pH gradient in ice, and suggest a solar add-on effect due to temperature changes under direct sunlight. Different models are discussed, and data are presented related to different additives: (1) solutes such as NaCl and monopotassium phosphate; (2) pH modifying agents such as acids and bases; (3) particulate suspensions with kaolinite and other sub
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11

Pinna, Silvana, Cäcilia Kunz, Aaron Halpern, et al. "A prebiotic basis for ATP as the universal energy currency." PLOS Biology 20, no. 10 (2022): e3001437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001437.

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ATP is universally conserved as the principal energy currency in cells, driving metabolism through phosphorylation and condensation reactions. Such deep conservation suggests that ATP arose at an early stage of biochemical evolution. Yet purine synthesis requires 6 phosphorylation steps linked to ATP hydrolysis. This autocatalytic requirement for ATP to synthesize ATP implies the need for an earlier prebiotic ATP equivalent, which could drive protometabolism before purine synthesis. Why this early phosphorylating agent was replaced, and specifically with ATP rather than other nucleoside tripho
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12

Basak, Shibaji, Serge Nader та Sheref S. Mansy. "Protometabolic Reduction of NAD+ with α-Keto Acids". JACS Au 1, № 4 (2021): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacsau.0c00124.

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13

Omran, Arthur, Asbell Gonzalez, Cesar Menor-Salvan, et al. "Serpentinization-Associated Mineral Catalysis of the Protometabolic Formose System." Life 13, no. 6 (2023): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13061297.

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The formose reaction is a plausible prebiotic chemistry, famed for its production of sugars. In this work, we demonstrate that the Cannizzaro process is the dominant process in the formose reaction under many different conditions, thus necessitating a catalyst for the formose reaction under various environmental circumstances. The investigated formose reactions produce primarily organic acids associated with metabolism, a protometabolic system, and yield very little sugar left over. This is due to many of the acids forming from the degradation and Cannizaro reactions of many of the sugars prod
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14

Harrison, Stuart A., William L. Webb, Hanadi Rammu, and Nick Lane. "Prebiotic Synthesis of Aspartate Using Life’s Metabolism as a Guide." Life 13, no. 5 (2023): 1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13051177.

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A protometabolic approach to the origins of life assumes that the conserved biochemistry of metabolism has direct continuity with prebiotic chemistry. One of the most important amino acids in modern biology is aspartic acid, serving as a nodal metabolite for the synthesis of many other essential biomolecules. Aspartate’s prebiotic synthesis is complicated by the instability of its precursor, oxaloacetate. In this paper, we show that the use of the biologically relevant cofactor pyridoxamine, supported by metal ion catalysis, is sufficiently fast to offset oxaloacetate’s degradation. Cu2+-catal
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15

Yadav, Mahipal, Sunil Pulletikurti, Jayasudhan R. Yerabolu, and Ramanarayanan Krishnamurthy. "Cyanide as a primordial reductant enables a protometabolic reductive glyoxylate pathway." Nature Chemistry 14, no. 2 (2022): 170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41557-021-00878-w.

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16

Dalai, Punam, and Nita Sahai. "A Model Protometabolic Pathway across Protocell Membranes Assisted by Photocatalytic Minerals." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 124, no. 2 (2019): 1469–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b10127.

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17

Piedrafita, Gabriel, Kepa Ruiz-Mirazo, Pierre-Alain Monnard, Athel Cornish-Bowden, and Francisco Montero. "Viability Conditions for a Compartmentalized Protometabolic System: A Semi-Empirical Approach." PLoS ONE 7, no. 6 (2012): e39480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0039480.

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18

Tian, Tian, Xin-Yi Chu, Yi Yang, et al. "Phosphates as Energy Sources to Expand Metabolic Networks." Life 9, no. 2 (2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life9020043.

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Phosphates are essential for modern metabolisms. A recent study reported a phosphate-free metabolic network and suggested that thioesters, rather than phosphates, could alleviate thermodynamic bottlenecks of network expansion. As a result, it was considered that a phosphorus-independent metabolism could exist before the phosphate-based genetic coding system. To explore the origin of phosphorus-dependent metabolism, the present study constructs a protometabolic network that contains phosphates prebiotically available using computational systems biology approaches. It is found that some primitiv
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19

Maury, Carl Peter J. "Amyloid and the origin of life: self-replicating catalytic amyloids as prebiotic informational and protometabolic entities." Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 75, no. 9 (2018): 1499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-018-2797-9.

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20

Mavelli, Fabio, and Kepa Ruiz-Mirazo. "Stochastic simulations of minimal self-reproducing cellular systems." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 362, no. 1486 (2007): 1789–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2071.

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This paper is a theoretical attempt to gain insight into the problem of how self-assembling vesicles (closed bilayer structures) could progressively turn into minimal self-producing and self-reproducing cells, i.e. into interesting candidates for (proto)biological systems. With this aim, we make use of a recently developed object-oriented platform to carry out stochastic simulations of chemical reaction networks that take place in dynamic cellular compartments. We apply this new tool to study the behaviour of different minimal cell models, making realistic assumptions about the physico-chemica
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21

Krishnamurthy, Ramanarayanan, and Charles L. Liotta. "The potential of glyoxylate as a prebiotic source molecule and a reactant in protometabolic pathways—The glyoxylose reaction." Chem 9, no. 4 (2023): 784–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2023.03.007.

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22

Jia, Tony Z., Kuhan Chandru, Yayoi Hongo, et al. "Membraneless polyester microdroplets as primordial compartments at the origins of life." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 32 (2019): 15830–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1902336116.

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Compartmentalization was likely essential for primitive chemical systems during the emergence of life, both for preventing leakage of important components, i.e., genetic materials, and for enhancing chemical reactions. Although life as we know it uses lipid bilayer-based compartments, the diversity of prebiotic chemistry may have enabled primitive living systems to start from other types of boundary systems. Here, we demonstrate membraneless compartmentalization based on prebiotically available organic compounds, α-hydroxy acids (αHAs), which are generally coproduced along with α-amino acids i
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23

Ruiz-Bermejo, Marta, José Luis de la Fuente, Cristina Pérez-Fernández, and Eva Mateo-Martí. "A Comprehensive Review of HCN-Derived Polymers." Processes 9, no. 4 (2021): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9040597.

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HCN-derived polymers are a heterogeneous group of complex substances synthesized from pure HCN; from its salts; from its oligomers, specifically its trimer and tetramer, amino-nalono-nitrile (AMN) and diamino-maleo-nitrile (DAMN), respectively; or from its hydrolysis products, such as formamide, under a wide range of experimental conditions. The characteristics and properties of HCN-derived polymers depend directly on the synthetic conditions used for their production and, by extension, their potential applications. These puzzling systems have been known mainly in the fields of prebiotic chemi
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24

Antara, Reja, Pal Sumit, Mahato Kishalay, et al. "Research data for "Emergence of Photomodulated Protometabolism by Short Peptide-Based Assemblies"." September 13, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8340211.

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25

Nader, Serge, Lorenzo Sebastianelli, and Sheref S. Mansy. "Protometabolism as out-of-equilibrium chemistry." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 380, no. 2227 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2020.0423.

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It is common to compare life with machines. Both consume fuel and release waste to run. In biology, the engine that drives the living system is referred to as metabolism. However, attempts at deciphering the origins of metabolism do not focus on this energetic relationship that sustains life but rather concentrate on nonenzymatic reactions that produce all the intermediates of an extant metabolic pathway. Such an approach is akin to studying the molecules produced from the burning of coal instead of deciphering how the released energy drives the movement of pistons and ultimately the train whe
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26

McAnally, Mason, Jana Bocková, Andrew M. Turner, et al. "Abiotic origin of the citric acid cycle intermediates." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122, no. 17 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2501839122.

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The molecular framework for protometabolism—chemical reactions in a prebiotic environment preceding modern metabolism—has remained unknown in evolutionary biology. Mono-, di-, and tricarboxylic acids that comprise contemporary metabolism, such as the Krebs cycle, are of particular prebiotic relevance and are theorized to predate life on Earth. Researchers have struggled to unravel the molecular origins of respiration, with theories pointing toward abiotic origins later co-opted by the earliest living organisms; however, the molecular network of these molecules has remained elusive. Recent dete
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27

Reja, Antara, Sumit Pal, Kishalay Mahato, et al. "Emergence of Photomodulated Protometabolism by Short Peptide-Based Assemblies." Journal of the American Chemical Society, September 14, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.3c08158.

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28

Bertoldi, Mariarita, and Gianluca Molla. "Protometabolic functions of pyridoxal: A link between early amino acid synthesis and enzyme evolution." FEBS Journal, March 7, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.70056.

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In the framework of studies on protometabolism, Schlikker et al. characterized the conversion of pyridoxal to pyridoxamine under conditions mimicking the ones likely existing at the origin of metabolism. These conditions triggered nitrogen incorporation into amino acids in solution before the origins of enzymes. The suggested role for pyridoxal highlights its pivotal function in the transition from inorganic ammonia‐dependent amino acid synthesis to organic reactions in aqueous solution and supports the “metabolism first” theory for biological evolution. Insights from the early evolution of na
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29

Zimmermann, Joris, Atalay Bora Basar, and Joseph Moran. "Nonenzymatic Hydration of Phosphoenolpyruvate: General Conditions for Hydration in Protometabolism by Searching Across Pathways." Angewandte Chemie International Edition, November 18, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202410698.

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Numerous reactions within metabolic pathways have been reported to occur nonenzymatically, supporting the hypothesis that life arose upon a primitive nonenzymatic precursor to metabolism. However, most of those studies reproduce individual transformations or segments of pathways without providing a common set of conditions for classes of reactions that span multiple pathways. In this study, we search across pathways for common nonenzymatic conditions for a recurring chemical transformation in metabolism: alkene hydration. The mild conditions that we identify (Fe oxides such as green rust) appl
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30

Zimmermann, Joris, Atalay Bora Basar, and Joseph Moran. "Nonenzymatic Hydration of Phosphoenolpyruvate: General Conditions for Hydration in Protometabolism by Searching Across Pathways." Angewandte Chemie, November 18, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.202410698.

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Numerous reactions within metabolic pathways have been reported to occur nonenzymatically, supporting the hypothesis that life arose upon a primitive nonenzymatic precursor to metabolism. However, most of those studies reproduce individual transformations or segments of pathways without providing a common set of conditions for classes of reactions that span multiple pathways. In this study, we search across pathways for common nonenzymatic conditions for a recurring chemical transformation in metabolism: alkene hydration. The mild conditions that we identify (Fe oxides such as green rust) appl
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31

Kitadai, Norio, Ryuhei Nakamura, Masahiro Yamamoto, et al. "Thioester synthesis through geoelectrochemical CO2 fixation on Ni sulfides." Communications Chemistry 4, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s42004-021-00475-5.

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AbstractA prevailing scenario of the origin of life postulates thioesters as key intermediates in protometabolism, but there is no experimental support for the prebiotic CO2 fixation routes to thioesters. Here we demonstrate that, under a simulated geoelectrochemical condition in primordial ocean hydrothermal systems (–0.6 to –1.0 V versus the standard hydrogen electrode), nickel sulfide (NiS) gradually reduces to Ni0, while accumulating surface-bound carbon monoxide (CO) due to CO2 electroreduction. The resultant partially reduced NiS realizes thioester (S-methyl thioacetate) formation from C
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32

Chatterjee, Ayan, Surashree Goswami, Raushan Kumar, Janmejay Laha, and Dibyendu Das. "Emergence of a short peptide based reductase via activation of the model hydride rich cofactor." Nature Communications 15, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-48930-w.

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AbstractIn extant biology, large and complex enzymes employ low molecular weight cofactors such as dihydronicotinamides as efficient hydride transfer agents and electron carriers for the regulation of critical metabolic processes. In absence of complex contemporary enzymes, these molecular cofactors are generally inefficient to facilitate any reactions on their own. Herein, we report short peptide-based amyloid nanotubes featuring exposed arrays of cationic and hydrophobic residues that can bind small molecular weak hydride transfer agents (NaBH4) to facilitate efficient reduction of ester sub
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33

Valer, Luca, Yin Juan Hu, Alberto Cini, et al. "Prebiotic Environmental Conditions Impact the Type of Iron‐Sulfur Cluster Formed." ChemSystemsChem, September 18, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/syst.202400051.

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Iron‐sulfur clusters are ancient cofactors that could have played a role in the prebiotic chemistry leading to the emergence of protometabolism. Previous research has shown that certain iron‐sulfur clusters can form from prebiotically plausible components, such as cysteine‐containing oligopeptides. However, it is unclear if these iron‐sulfur clusters could have survived in prebiotically plausible environments. To begin exploring this possibility, we tested the stability of iron‐sulfur clusters coordinated to a tripeptide and to N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine methyl ester in a variety of solutions meant t
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34

Chen, Weiqiang, Joris Zimmermann, Jonas Dechent, and Joseph Moran. "Nonenzymatic Carboxylate Phosphorylation in Water." European Journal of Organic Chemistry, March 12, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202500179.

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The core pathways of autotrophic microbial metabolism have been proposed to be fossils of self‐organized prebiotic chemistry. In recent years, numerous reactions within these pathways have been shown to occur nonenzymatically, supporting this hypothesis. However, the phosphorylation of carboxylic acids to the corresponding acyl phosphates, a recurring metabolic reaction, has notably yet to be demonstrated without enzymes. Here we show that carboxylate phosphorylation is promoted by diamidophosphate (DAP) and sodium nitrite in the presence of water, driven by the release of dinitrogen. The reac
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35

Nogal, Noemí, Marcos Sanz-Sánchez, Sonia Vela-Gallego, Kepa Ruiz-Mirazo, and Andrés de la Escosura. "The protometabolic nature of prebiotic chemistry." Chemical Society Reviews, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3cs00594a.

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This tutorial review revises the main synthetic pathways of prebiotic chemistry, suggesting how they could be wired through common intermediates and catalytic cycles, as well as the boundary conditions under which they would become protometabolic.
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36

Zhao, Weishu, Bozitao Zhong, Lirong Zheng, et al. "Proteome-wide 3D structure prediction provides insights into the ancestral metabolism of ancient archaea and bacteria." Nature Communications 13, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-35523-8.

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AbstractAncestral metabolism has remained controversial due to a lack of evidence beyond sequence-based reconstructions. Although prebiotic chemists have provided hints that metabolism might originate from non-enzymatic protometabolic pathways, gaps between ancestral reconstruction and prebiotic processes mean there is much that is still unknown. Here, we apply proteome-wide 3D structure predictions and comparisons to investigate ancestorial metabolism of ancient bacteria and archaea, to provide information beyond sequence as a bridge to the prebiotic processes. We compare representative bacte
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37

Dalai, Punam, and Nita Sahai. "A Model Protometabolic Pathway Across Protocell Membranes Assisted by Photocatalytic Minerals." Journal of Physical Chemistry B, December 23, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b10127.

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38

Moreno, Abel, and Colin Bonduelle. "New Insights on the Chemical Origin of Life: The Role of Aqueous Polymerization of N‐carboxyanhydrides (NCA)." ChemPlusChem, January 24, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cplu.202300492.

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AbstractAt the origin, the emergence of proteins was based on crucial prebiotic stages in which simple amino acids‐based building blocks spontaneously evolved from the prebiotic soup into random proto‐polymers called protoproteins. Despite advances in modern peptide synthesis, these prebiotic chemical routes to protoproteins remain puzzling. We discuss in this perspective how polymer science and systems chemistry are reaching a point of convergence in which simple monomers called N‐carboxyanhydrides would be able to form such protoproteins via the emergence of a protometabolic cycle involving
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39

Clay, Alyssa P., Rachel E. Cooke, Ravi Kumar, Mahipal Yadav, Ramanarayanan Krishnamurthy, and Greg Springsteen. "A Plausible Prebiotic One‐Pot Synthesis of Orotate and Pyruvate Suggestive of Common Protometabolic Pathways." Angewandte Chemie 134, no. 11 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.202112572.

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40

Clay, Alyssa P., Rachel E. Cooke, Ravi Kumar, Mahipal Yadav, Ramanarayanan Krishnamurthy, and Greg Springsteen. "A Plausible Prebiotic One‐Pot Synthesis of Orotate and Pyruvate Suggestive of Common Protometabolic Pathways." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 61, no. 11 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.202112572.

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41

Springsteen, Greg, Jayasudhan Reddy Yerabolu, Julia Nelson, Chandler Joel Rhea, and Ramanarayanan Krishnamurthy. "Linked cycles of oxidative decarboxylation of glyoxylate as protometabolic analogs of the citric acid cycle." Nature Communications 9, no. 1 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02591-0.

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42

Ter-Ovanessian, Louis M. P., Jean-François Lambert, and Marie-Christine Maurel. "Building the uracil skeleton in primitive ponds at the origins of life: carbamoylation of aspartic acid." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21272-7.

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AbstractA large set of nucleobases and amino acids is found in meteorites, implying that several chemical reservoirs are present in the solar system. The “geochemical continuity” hypothesis explores how protometabolic paths developed from so-called “bricks” in an enzyme-free prebiotic world and how they affected the origins of life. In the living cell, the second step of synthesizing uridine and cytidine RNA monomers is a carbamoyl transfer from a carbamoyl donor to aspartic acid. Here we compare two enzyme-free scenarios: aqueous and mineral surface scenarios in a thermal range up to 250 °C.
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43

Ter-Ovanessian, Louis M. P., Kate L. Ryan, Joshua Shaarda, R. Trent Stubbs, Ramanarayanan Krishnamurthy та Greg Springsteen. "From Amino Acids to α‐Keto Acids via β‐Elimination and Transamination Initiates a Pathway to Prebiotic Reaction Networks". Angewandte Chemie, 9 травня 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202507248.

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α‐Keto acids, such as pyruvate and glyoxylate, may have been critical in generating reaction networks at the origins of life due to their facile carbon‐carbon bond formation and their hydrolytic stability. However, demonstrated prebiotic sources of these small α‐keto acids have been limited by conditions required for their production which are not conducive for subsequent incorporation or transition into (proto)metabolic pathways. Here, we demonstrate an abiotic generation of α‐keto acids from only two amino acids starting with the phosphorylation and dehydration of serine, coupled with a tran
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44

Ter-Ovanessian, Louis M. P., Kate L. Ryan, Joshua Shaarda, R. Trent Stubbs, Ramanarayanan Krishnamurthy та Greg Springsteen. "From Amino Acids to α‐Keto Acids via β‐Elimination and Transamination Initiates a Pathway to Prebiotic Reaction Networks". Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 9 травня 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202507248.

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α‐Keto acids, such as pyruvate and glyoxylate, may have been critical in generating reaction networks at the origins of life due to their facile carbon‐carbon bond formation and their hydrolytic stability. However, demonstrated prebiotic sources of these small α‐keto acids have been limited by conditions required for their production which are not conducive for subsequent incorporation or transition into (proto)metabolic pathways. Here, we demonstrate an abiotic generation of α‐keto acids from only two amino acids starting with the phosphorylation and dehydration of serine, coupled with a tran
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45

Harrison, Stuart A., Hanadi Rammu, Feixue Liu, Aaron Halpern, Raquel Nunes Palmeira, and Nick Lane. "Life as a Guide to its Own Origins." Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 54, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110421-101509.

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The origin of life entails a continuum from simple prebiotic chemistry to cells with genes and molecular machines. Using life as a guide to this continuum, we consider how selection could promote increased complexity before the emergence of genes. Structured, far-from-equilibrium environments such as hydrothermal systems drive the reaction between CO2 and H2 to form organics that self-organize into protocells. CO2 fixation within protocells generates a reaction network with a topology that prefigures the universal core of metabolism. Positive feedback loops amplify flux through this network, g
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46

Nunes Palmeira, Raquel, Marco Colnaghi, Stuart A. Harrison, Andrew Pomiankowski, and Nick Lane. "The limits of metabolic heredity in protocells." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 289, no. 1986 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2022.1469.

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The universal core of metabolism could have emerged from thermodynamically favoured prebiotic pathways at the origin of life. Starting with H 2 and CO 2 , the synthesis of amino acids and mixed fatty acids, which self-assemble into protocells, is favoured under warm anoxic conditions. Here, we address whether it is possible for protocells to evolve greater metabolic complexity, through positive feedbacks involving nucleotide catalysis. Using mathematical simulations to model metabolic heredity in protocells, based on branch points in protometabolic flux, we show that nucleotide catalysis can i
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47

Ter-Ovanessian, Louis M. P., Baptiste Rigaud, Alberto Mezzetti, Jean-François Lambert, and Marie-Christine Maurel. "Carbamoyl phosphate and its substitutes for the uracil synthesis in origins of life scenarios." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98747-6.

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AbstractThe first step of pyrimidine synthesis along the orotate pathway is studied to test the hypothesis of geochemical continuity of protometabolic pathways at the origins of life. Carbamoyl phosphate (CP) is the first high-energy building block that intervenes in the in vivo synthesis of the uracil ring of UMP. Thus, the likelihood of its occurrence in prebiotic conditions is investigated herein. The evolution of carbamoyl phosphate in water and in ammonia aqueous solutions without enzymes was characterised using ATR-IR, 31P and 13C spectroscopies. Carbamoyl phosphate initially appears sta
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48

Schlikker, Manon Laura, Max Brabender, Loraine Schwander, et al. "Conversion of pyridoxal to pyridoxamine with NH3 and H2 on nickel generates a protometabolic nitrogen shuttle under serpentinizing conditions." FEBS Journal, December 19, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.17357.

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Serpentinizing hydrothermal vents are likely sites for the origin of metabolism because they produce H2 as a source of electrons for CO2 reduction while depositing zero‐valent iron, cobalt, and nickel as catalysts for organic reactions. Recent work has shown that solid‐state nickel can catalyze the H2‐dependent reduction of CO2 to various organic acids and their reductive amination with H2 and NH3 to biological amino acids under the conditions of H2‐producing hydrothermal vents and that amino acid synthesis from NH3, H2, and 2‐oxoacids is facile in the presence of Ni0. Such reactions suggest a
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