Academic literature on the topic 'Proximal Withdrawal State'
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Journal articles on the topic "Proximal Withdrawal State"
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Daeng Kuma, Alexander Abraham, P. Tommy Y. S. Suyasa, and Raja Oloan Tumanggor. "PERBEDAAN KEPUASAN KERJA DAN PERILAKU KEWARGANEGARAAN ORGANISASI BERDASARKAN KELOMPOK PROXIMAL WITHDRAWAL STATE." Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, dan Seni 4, no. 1 (2020): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jmishumsen.v4i1.7702.2020.
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Hospitality industry is one of those industry that need a maximum service for the consument, where as this kind of service can also be described as organizational citizenship behavior. One of the thing that can explain the act of organizational citizenship behavior is job satisfaction and the grouping in proximal withdrawal state. The aim of this study is to investigate the difference between job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior in hospitality worker based on proximal withdrawal state’s grouping. Data collection was done using online and offline method, where three different questionnaire was used to measure job satisfaction, organizational citizenship behavior and decide the grouping of one’s proximal withdrawal state. Based on this study, we found that there is a difference on job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior across the proximal withdrawal state’s grouping. Those who belong to enthusiastic stayer and reluctant leaver group are showing higher job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior. Meanwhile, those who belong to reluctant stayer and enthusiastic leaver are showing lesser job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior. This research can give a clearer picture about how far those who work in hospitality industry can show their organizational citizenship behavior based on their proximal withdrawal state grouping. Industri hospitality merupakah salah satu industry yang sangat membutuhkan pelayanan yang maksimal untuk konsumen, dimana bentuk perilaku ini digambarkan sebagai perilaku kewarganegaraan organisasi. Salah satu hal yang dapat menjelaskan perilaku kewarganegaraan organisasi adalah kepuasan kerja seseorang dan kelompok proximal withdrawal state. Studi ini bertujuan untuk melihat perbedaan antara kepuasan kerja dan perilaku kewarganegaraan organisasi pada pekerja di industri hospitality berdasarkan kelompok proximal withdrawal state. Peneliti melakukan penyebaran data menggunakan kuesioner online dan offline, dimana terdapat tiga alat ukur yang digunakan untuk mengukur kepuasan kerja, perilaku kewarganegaraan organisasi dan menentukan kelompok proximal withdrawal state seseorang. Total terdapat 216 data yang dapat diolah pada studi ini. Dari studi yang dilakukan didapatkan bahwa ada perbedaan pada kepuasan kerja dan perilaku kewarganegaraan organisasi pada masing-masing kelompok proximal withdrawal state. Pekerja yang berada pada kelompok enthusiastic stayer dan reluctant leaver menunjukan kepuasan kerja dan perilaku kewarganegaraan organisasi yang paling tinggi, sementara pekerja pada kelompok reluctant stayer dan enthusiastic leaver menunjukan kepuasan kerja dan perilaku kewarganegaraan organisasi yang paling rendah. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat memberikan gambaran yang lebih jelas mengenai bagaimana pekerja dapat menunjukan perilaku perilaku kewarganegaraan organisasi berdasarkan kelompok proximal withdrawal state mereka.
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Kristanti, Rena, Rostiana Rostiana, and Rita Markus Idulfilastri. "DINAMIKA PERSEPSI KARYAWAN TERHADAP ORGANISASI DAN KINERJA DALAM SITUASI PROXIMAL WITDRAWAL STATE." Jurnal Muara Ilmu Sosial, Humaniora, dan Seni 4, no. 2 (2020): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/jmishumsen.v4i2.9484.2020.
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Work performance is a major issue that is widely discussed relating to increase the productivity of a company. In this study, work performance will be reviewed in terms of Perceived Organizational Support (POS) and Perceived Organizational Competence (POC) by considering the Proximal Withdrawal State (PWS) situation felt by employees. PWS is the initial mental state or cognition experienced by a person before leaving an organization (Hom et al., 2012 in Robinson, 2014). PWS consists of two dimensions, namely desired employment status (employees’ preference to keep working or leaving) and perceived volitional control (control of decisions to work or resign). The combination of the two dimensions produces four types of employees, namely Enthusiastic Stayer, Reluctant Leaver, Enthusiastic Leaver, and Reluctant Stayer. The study was a non-experimental study and held using quantitative research method. By employing proportionate stratified random sampling, a total of 326 employees from PT. X participated in a survey. Linear regression analysis was used in data processing and results. Results show that perceived organizational support and perceived organizational competence simultaneously affect the employee work performance in Enthusiastic Stayer and Reluctant Leaver situations. Results also show that POS and POC do not affetc work performance in Enthusiastic Leaver and Reluctant Stayer. Kinerja (work performance) karyawan adalah isu yang terjadi dalam perusahaan-perusahaan di dunia. Kinerja merupakan isu utama yang banyak dibahas berkaitan dengan peningkatan produktivitas suatu perusahaan. Dalam penelitian ini, kinerja ditinjau dari segi persepsi karyawan terhadap dukungan organisasi (perceived organizational support - POS) dan persepsi karyawan terhadap kemampuan organisasi (perceived organizational competence - POC). Selain itu, penelitian juga dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan situasi proximal withdrawal state yang saat ini dialami oleh karyawan. Proximal Withdrawal States (PWS) adalah kondisi kognitif awal seseorang berkaitan dengan partisipasi dalam organisasi yang mendahului terjadinya turnover. PWS terdiri atas dua dimensi yang saling terkait yaitu desired employment status (preferensi karyawan untuk tetap bekerja pada perusahaan atau meninggalkannya) dan perceived volitional control (kendali karyawan terhadap keputusan untuk tetap bekerja atau mengundurkan diri). Kombinasi dua dimensi tersebut menghasilkan empat tipe karyawan yaitu Enthusiastic Stayers, Reluctant Leavers, Enthusiastic Leavers, dan Reluctant Stayers. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non eksperimental yang dilakukan secara kuantitatif. Dengan mengunakan proportionate stratified random sampling, sebanyak 326 orang karyawan dari PT. X telah mengikuti survey yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisa regresi linear dan ditemukan bahwa persepsi terhadap dukungan organisasi (POC) dan kemampuan organisasi (POS) secara bersamaan mempengaruhi kinerja karyawan pada situasi Enthusiastic Stayer dan Reluctant Leaver. Ditemukan pula bahwa POS dan POC tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan Enthuiastic Leaver dan Reluctant Stayer.
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Mitchell, Terence R., Junchao Li, Thomas Lee, Peter Hom, and Rodger Griffeth. ""The Effects of Proximal Withdrawal State on Attitudes, Job Search, Intent to Quit and Turnover"." Academy of Management Proceedings 2015, no. 1 (2015): 12265. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2015.12265abstract.
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Kaiyala, Karl J., and Douglas S. Ramsay. "Assessment of heat production, heat loss, and core temperature during nitrous oxide exposure: a new paradigm for studying drug effects and opponent responses." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 288, no. 3 (2005): R692—R701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00412.2004.
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Studies using core temperature (Tc) have contributed greatly to theoretical explanations of drug tolerance and its relationship to key features of addiction, including dependence, withdrawal, and relapse. Many theoretical accounts of tolerance propose that a given drug-induced psychobiological disturbance elicits opponent responses that contribute to tolerance development. This proposal and its theoretical extensions (e.g., conditioning as a mechanism of chronic tolerance) have been inferred from dependent variables, such as Tc, which represent the summation of multiple underlying determinants. Direct measurements of determinants could increase the understanding of opponent processes in tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal. The proximal determinants of Tc are metabolic heat production (HP) and heat loss (HL). We developed a novel system for simultaneously quantifying HP (indirect calorimetry), HL (direct gradient layer calorimetry), and Tc (telemetry) during steady-state administrations of nitrous oxide (N2O), an inhalant with abuse potential that has been previously used to study acute and chronic tolerance development to its hypothermia-inducing property. Rats were administered 60% N2O ( n = 18) or placebo gas ( n = 16) for 5 h after a 2-h placebo baseline exposure. On average, N2O rapidly but transiently lowered HP and increased HL, each by ∼16% ( P < 0.001). On average, rats reestablished and maintained thermal equilibrium (HP = HL) at a hypothermic Tc (−1.6°C). However, some rats entered positive heat balance (HP > HL) after becoming hypothermic such that acute tolerance developed, i.e., Tc rose despite continued drug administration. This work is the first to directly quantify the thermal determinants of Tc during administration of a drug of abuse and establishes a new paradigm for studying opponent processes involved in acute and chronic hypothermic tolerance development.
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Gutierrez-Valencia, Alicia, Rosa Ruiz-Valderas, Omar J. Ben-Marzouk-Hidalgo, et al. "Telaprevir and Ribavirin Interaction: Higher Ribavirin Levels Are Not Only Due to Renal Dysfunction during Triple Therapy." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, no. 6 (2015): 3257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.04795-14.
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ABSTRACTA higher incidence of anemia has been observed during the treatment of hepatitis C virus genotype 1 (HCV-1) infection with pegylated alpha interferon (pegIFN-α), ribavirin, and telaprevir. We assessed the impacts that concomitant administration of telaprevir and changes in the glomerular filtration rate have on ribavirin plasma levels. The minimum concentrations of ribavirin in plasma (ribavirinCmin) determined during triple therapy including telaprevir were compared with those observed after telaprevir withdrawal and those observed in the same subjects and in a large cohort during a previous course of pegIFN-α plus ribavirin. Intensive pharmacokinetic sampling for ribavirin was performed at steady state during the triple-therapy phase. Ribavirin levels were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Twenty-seven HCV-1/HIV-coinfected patients were enrolled. The median ribavirinCminfor triple therapy (4.08 μg/ml; range, 2.14 to 5.56 μg/ml) was higher than that observed after telaprevir withdrawal (1.96 μg/ml; range, 0.41 to 3.45 μg/ml) (P< 0.001) and that observed for 125 HCV-1/HIV-coinfected patients treated only with pegIFN-α plus ribavirin (1.65 μg/ml; range, 0.41 to 5.56 μg/ml) (P< 0.001). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decreased >20% from the baseline value in 11 of 27 patients and became normal after telaprevir removal in almost all cases. There was a negative correlation between eGFR and ribavirin clearance (r2= 0.257;P= 0.064) but not the ribavirin area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 12 h (AUC0–12) (r2= 0.001;P= 0.455). Thus, there is a significant pharmacokinetic interaction between telaprevir and ribavirin that results in very high ribavirin levels, which explains the excess of toxicity observed with this drug combination. A blockade of the proximal tubular transporters might be implicated in both the increase in plasma creatinine and the high ribavirin levels. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01818856.)
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Salter, E. Alan, Andrzej Wierzbicki, and Richard E. Honkanen. "Quantum-Based Modeling of Dephosphorylation in the Catalytic Site of Serine/Threonine Protein Phosphatase-5 (PPP5C)." Catalysts 10, no. 6 (2020): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10060674.
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Serine/threonine protein phosphatase-5 (PP5; PPP5C) is a member of the phosphoprotein phosphatase (PPP) gene family. The PPP catalytic domains feature a bimetal system (M1/M2), an associated bridge hydroxide (W1(OH−)), an M1-bound water/hydroxide (W2), and a highly conserved core sequence. The PPPs are presumed to share a common mechanism: The seryl/threonyl phosphoryl group of the phosphoprotein coordinates the metal ions, W1(OH−) attacks the central phosphorous atom, rupturing the antipodal phosphoester bond and releasing the phosphate-free protein. Also, a histidine/aspartate tandem is responsible for protonating the exiting seryl/threonyl alkoxide. Here, we employed quantum-based computations on a large section of the PP5 catalytic site. A 33-residue, ONIOM(UB3LYP/6-31G(d):UPM7) model was built to perform computations using methylphosphate dianion as a stand-in substrate for phosphoserine/phosphothreonine. We present a concerted transition state (TS) in which W1(OH−) attacks the phosphate center at the same time that the exiting seryl/threonyl alkoxide is protonated directly by the His304/Asp274 tandem, with W2 assigned as a water molecule: W2(H2O). Arg275, proximal to M1, stabilizes the substrate and TS by binding both the ester oxygen (Oγ) and a phosphoryl oxygen (O1) in a bidentate fashion; in the product state, Tyr451 aids in decoupling Arg275 from O1 of the product phosphate ion. The reaction is exothermic (ΔH = −2.0 kcal/mol), occurs in a single step, and has a low activation barrier (ΔH‡ = +10.0 kcal/mol). Our work is an improvement over an earlier computational study that also found bond rupture and alkoxide protonation to be concerted, but concluded that Arg275 is deprotonated during the reactant and TS stages of the pathway. In that earlier study, the critical electron-withdrawal role that Arg275 plays during the hydroxide attack was not correctly accounted for.
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Vallejo, Ricardo. "Pulsed Radiofrequency Modulates Pain Regulatory Gene Expression Along the Nociceptive Pathway." Pain Physician 5;16, no. 5;9 (2013): E601—E613. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2013/16/e601.
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Background: Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) therapy is a clinical treatment utilizing electromagnetic energy aimed to relieve neuropathic pain. This is the first study examining the modulated expression of pain regulatory genes following the induction of the spared nerve injury (SNI) pain model and subsequently treated with PRF therapy. Objectives: The present study investigated the behavioral efficacy of PRF therapy in rats exhibiting sciatic nerve injury and examined gene expression changes in the sciatic nerve, ipsilateral L5 dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and spinal cord. Study Design: A randomized, experimental trial. Setting: Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University and Department of Psychology, Illinois Wesleyan University. Methods: An SNI model was used in male Sprague-Dawley rats (weight 260-310 g). A sham surgery was also performed as a control group. After 3 days development of the SNI model, an RF electrode was applied to the sciatic nerve proximal to the site of injury and stimulated for 3 minutes. The response to mechanical stimuli was assessed throughout the duration of the study. Furthermore, changes in gene expression along the nociceptive tract (sciatic nerve, DRG, and spinal cord) were assessed 24 hours post-PRF therapy. Results: It was observed that the mechanical allodynia, induced by SNI model, was reversed to control values within 24 hours post-PRF therapy. Additionally, modulated expression of pain regulatory genes was observed after induction of the SNI model. Following PRF therapy, expression of many of these genes returned to control values (sham) in each of the tissues tested. Increased proinflammatory gene expression, such as TNF-α and IL-6, observed in the sciatic nerve (site of injury) in the SNI group was returned to baseline values following PRF therapy. Up-regulation of GABAB-R1, Na/K ATPase, and 5-HT3r as well as down regulation of TNF-α and IL-6 were also observed in the DRG in the SNI-PRF group relative to the SNI group. Up-regulation of Na/K ATPase and c-Fos was found in the spinal cord following PRF treatment relative to the SNI group. Limitations: Immediate changes in gene expression were observed at 24 hours to better determine the mechanism with no long-term data at this time. Protein expression was not assessed in addition to gene expression changes. Conclusion: These results indicate that the electromagnetic energy applied via PRF therapy influences the reversal of behavioral and molecular effects of hypersensitivity developed from a peripheral nerve injury. Key words: Pulsed radiofrequency, PRF; spared nerve injury, SNI; electromagnetic stimulation; Sprague-Dawley, rat; withdrawal threshold; mechanical allodynia, Von Frey; gene expression; nociceptive pathway; electroneuromodulation; cytokines
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Lin, Jiann-Her, Yu-Wen Yu, Yu-Chia Chuang, Cheng-Han Lee, and Chih-Cheng Chen. "ATF3-Expressing Large-Diameter Sensory Afferents at Acute Stage as Bio-Signatures of Persistent Pain Associated with Lumbar Radiculopathy." Cells 10, no. 5 (2021): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10050992.
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The mechanism of pain chronicity is largely unknown in lumbar radiculopathy (LR). The anatomical location of nerve injury is one of the important factors associated with pain chronicity of LR. Accumulating evidence has shown constriction distal to the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) caused more severe radiculopathy than constriction proximal to the DRG; thereby, the mechanism of pain chronicity in LR could be revealed by comparing the differences in pathological changes of DRGs between nerve constriction distal and proximal to the DRG. Here, we used 2 rat models of LR with nerve constriction distal or proximal to the DRG to probe how the different nerve injury sites could differentially affect pain chronicity and the pathological changes of DRG neuron subpopulations. As expected, rats with nerve constriction distal to the DRG showed more persistent pain behaviors than those with nerve constriction proximal to the DRG in 50% paw withdraw threshold, weight-bearing test, and acetone test. One day after the operation, distal and proximal nerve constriction showed differential pathological changes of DRG. The ratios of activating transcription factor3 (ATF3)-positive DRG neurons were significantly higher in rats with nerve constriction distal to DRG than those with nerve constriction proximal to DRG. In subpopulation analysis, the ratios of ATF3-immunoreactivity (IR) in neurofilament heavy chain (NFH)-positive DRG neurons significantly increased in distal nerve constriction compared to proximal nerve constriction; although, both distal and proximal nerve constriction presented increased ratios of ATF3-IR in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-positive DRG neurons. Moreover, the nerve constriction proximal to DRG caused more hypoxia than did that distal to DRG. Together, ATF3 expression in NHF-positive DRG neurons at the acute stage is a potential bio-signature of persistent pain in rat models of LR.
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Shinjyo, Tetsuharu, Ryoko Kuribara, Takeshi Inukai, et al. "Downregulation of Bim, a Proapoptotic Relative of Bcl-2, Is a Pivotal Step in Cytokine-Initiated Survival Signaling in Murine Hematopoietic Progenitors." Molecular and Cellular Biology 21, no. 3 (2001): 854–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.21.3.854-864.2001.
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ABSTRACT Two distinct signaling pathways regulate the survival of interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent hematopoietic progenitors. One originates from the membrane-proximal portion of the cytoplasmic domain of the IL-3 receptor (βc chain), which is shared by IL-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and is involved in the regulation of Bcl-xL through activation of STAT5. The other pathway emanates from the distal region of the βc chain and overlaps with downstream signals from constitutively active Ras proteins. Although the latter pathway is indispensable for cell survival, its downstream targets remain largely undefined. Here we show that the expression of Bim, a member of the BH3-only subfamily of cell death activators, is downregulated by IL-3 signaling through either of two major Ras pathways: Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin. Akt/phosphokinase B does not appear to play a significant role in this regulatory cascade. Bim downregulation has important implications for cell survival, since enforced expression of this death activator at levels equivalent to those induced by cytokine withdrawal led to apoptosis even in the presence of IL-3. We conclude that Bim is a pivotal molecule in cytokine regulation of hematopoietic cell survival.
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Rumyantseva, G. N., V. N. Kartashev, Marina V. Dolinina, I. B. Osipov, A. I. Osipov, and L. A. Alekseeva. "A rare case of bilateral obstructive megaureter with a giant uretal ureterocele on the left." Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery 24, no. 3 (2020): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9510-2020-24-3-205-209.
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The article discusses a case of 4-year-old patient with a bilateral obstructive megaureter of a non-functioning left kidney and with the opening of this kidney ureter into the urethra with extravasal location of a giant ureterocele. The malformation of the urinary system was accompanied by a comorbid disease of bronchopulmonary system in the form of tuberculosis of the lungs and intra-thoracic lymph nodes. At the age of one month, due to decompensation of the only functioning right kidney, urine was withdrawn by applying a ureterostomy. Later, a proximal lateral cutaneous ureterostomy was put because of social reasons (mother refused of her baby). In two months, the next step was performed - a ureterocystoneostomy by the Cohen’s antireflux technique. After a long-term treatment for tuberculosis in clinics of Tver and St. Petersburg, at the age of 4, the girl was operated on at the first surgical department at St-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University. Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy on the left with conversion to lower-middle laparotomy and resection of the terminal part of the left ureter with a giant ectopic ureterocele as well as closure of the ureterocutaneostomy on the right were performed. After stabilization, the child was transferred to a children’s boarding school in Tver, and currently is supervised by pediatric urologists and TB specialists.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Proximal Withdrawal State"
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Nicholson, Kristina C. "Turnover Reconceptualized: An Exploration of the Proximal Withdrawal States' Relationship with Turnover Antecedents and the Act Itself." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1370364634.
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Robinson, Sean D. "Expanding Turnover Theory: Testing Behavioral Predictions of the Proximal Withdrawal States and Destinations (PWSD) Model." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1416255341.
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Brasher, Eric E. "You Can’t Always Get What You Want: Developing and Validating Measures of Leaving Preference and Perceived Control." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1461943456.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Proximal Withdrawal State"
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Ariani, Della, and Rostiana. "The Role of Engaging Leadership on Work Engagement With Job Insecurity as Moderator Across Proximal Withdrawal States Situation." In The 2nd Tarumanagara International Conference on the Applications of Social Sciences and Humanities (TICASH 2020). Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201209.014.
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