Academic literature on the topic 'PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio)'

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T16:00:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo6834_1.pdf: 2552234 bytes, checksum: ff18190fd071f2e26f6470e29f084e5a (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>Com a crescente popularidade das redes sem fio e as tecnologias Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity), WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), surgiu a necessidade de se promover uma convergência entre elas, visando oferecer ao usuário diversas oportunidades de conectividade e a possibilidade de estabelecer uma comunicação sem interrupções. Neste contexto, o trabalho tem como objetivo propor um mecanismo de seleção de rede baseado na qualidade de experiência do usuário (QoE - Quality of Experience). A partir dos resultados coletados nas simulações realizadas no Network Simulator (ns-2), foi construída uma base de dados com o histórico de valores obtidos com a métrica de Relação Sinal/Ruído (PSNR Peak Signal Noise Ratio), utilizada com o auxilio do protocolo IEEE 802.21 para a execução da tomada de decisão de handover. Dentre as contribuições deste trabalho, a principal consiste na seleção de redes heterogêneas em que a decisão de handover considera a percepção do usuário, com uso da métrica de QoE. Os resultados demonstram que a decisão de handover baseada em QoE reflete no aumento de 15 % na qualidade do vídeo

Submitted by Kelren Mota (kelrenlima@ufpa.br) on 2018-06-14T18:39:25Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_MetodologiaPredicaoPerda.pdf: 3699343 bytes, checksum: 3b43522af593666187f8aef07927421f (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Kelren Mota (kelrenlima@ufpa.br) on 2018-06-14T18:39:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_MetodologiaPredicaoPerda.pdf: 3699343 bytes, checksum: 3b43522af593666187f8aef07927421f (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-14T18:39:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_MetodologiaPredicaoPerda.pdf: 3699343 bytes, checksum: 3b43522af593666187f8aef07927421f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27<br>Esta dissertação apresenta uma metodologia que visa auxiliar o planejamento de sistemas de redes sem fio indoor, que requerem o conhecimento prévio dos ambientes nos quais serão implantados. Assim, é necessário precisão na análise do sinal por meio de uma abordagem empírica estatística, que leva em consideração alguns fatores que influenciam na propagação do sinal indoor: arquitetura dos prédios; disposição de móveis no interior dos compartimentos; números de paredes e pisos de diversos materiais, além do espalhamento das ondas de rádio. A metodologia adotada é baseada em medições com uma abordagem cross-layer, que demonstra o impacto da camada física em relação à camada de aplicação, com o objetivo de prever o comportamento da métrica de Qualidade de Experiência (QoE), chamada de Peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), em transmissões de vídeo em 4k em redes sem fio 802.11ac, no ambiente indoor. Para tanto, foram realizadas medições, que demonstram como o sinal/vídeo se degrada no ambiente estudado, sendo possível modelar esta degradação por meio de uma técnica de inteligência computacional, chamada Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA), na qual são inseridos parâmetros de entrada como, por exemplo, a distância do transmissor ao receptor e o número de paredes atravessadas a fim de predizer perda de propagação e perda de PSNR. Para avaliar a capacidade de predição dos métodos propostos, foram obtidos os valores dos erros Root Mean Sqare (RMS) entre os dados medidos e os preditos, pelo os métodos de predição perda de propagação e perda de PSNR, sendo os valores respectivos 2,17 dB e 2,81 dB.<br>This dissertation presents a methodology that aims to assist the planning of indoor wireless network systems, which require prior knowledge of the environments in which they will be deployed. Thus, accurate signal analysis is necessary by means of a statistical empirical approach, which takes into account some factors that influence the propagation of the indoor signal: architecture of the buildings; arrangement of furniture inside the compartments; numbers of walls and floors of various materials, and the spread of radio waves. The methodology adopted is based on measurements with a cross-layer approach, which demonstrates the impact of the physical layer in relation to the application layer, in order to predict the behavior of the Quality of Experience (QoE) metric, called Peak signal- to-noise ratio (PSNR), in 4K video streams on 802.11ac wireless networks in the indoor environment. In order to do so, measurements were performed, which demonstrate how the signal / video degrades in the studied environment. It is possible to model this degradation by means of a computational intelligence technique, called Artificial Neural Networks (RNA), in which input parameters are inserted as, for example, the distance from the transmitter to the receiver and the number of walls crossed in order to predict loss of propagation and loss of PSNR. In order to evaluate the predictive capacity of the proposed methods, the values of the Root Mean Sqare (RMS) errors between the measured and predicted data were obtained by the prediction methods loss of propagation and loss of PSNR, with respective values of 2.17 dB and 2.81 dB.

[ES] Esta tesis presenta diversas propuestas encaminadas a mejorar la transmisión de vídeo a través del estándar DASH (Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP). Este trabajo de investigación estudia el protocolo de transmisión DASH y sus características. A la vez, plantea la codificación con calidad constante y bitrate variable como modo de codificación del contenido de vídeo más indicado para la transmisión de contenido bajo demanda mediante el estándar DASH. Derivado de la propuesta de utilización del modo de codificación de calidad constante, cobra mayor importancia el papel que juegan los algoritmos de adaptación en la experiencia de los usuarios al consumir el contenido multimedia. En este sentido, esta tesis presenta un algoritmo de adaptación denominado Look Ahead el cual, sin modificar el estándar, permite utilizar la información de los tamaños de los segmentos de vídeo incluida en los contenedores multimedia para evitar tomar decisiones de adaptación que desemboquen en paradas no deseadas en la reproducción de contenido multimedia. Con el objetivo de evaluar las posibles mejoras del algoritmo de adaptación presentado, se proponen tres modelos de evaluación objetiva de la QoE. Los modelos propuestos permiten predecir de forma sencilla la QoE que tendrían los usuarios de forma objetiva, utilizando parámetros conocidos como el bitrate medio, el PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio) y el valor de VMAF (Video Multimethod Assessment Fusion). Todos ellos aplicados a cada segmento. Finalmente, se estudia el comportamiento de DASH en entornos Wi-Fi con alta densidad de usuarios. En este contexto, se producen un número elevado de paradas en la reproducción por una mala estimación de la tasa de transferencia disponible debida al patrón ON/OFF de descarga de DASH y a la variabilidad del acceso al medio de Wi-Fi. Para paliar esta situación, se propone un servicio de coordinación basado en la tecnología SAND (MPEG's Server and Network Assisted DASH) que proporciona una estimación de la tasa de transferencia basada en la información del estado de los players de los clientes.<br>[CA] Aquesta tesi presenta diverses propostes encaminades a millorar la transmissió de vídeo a través de l'estàndard DASH (Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP). Aquest treball de recerca estudia el protocol de transmissió DASH i les seves característiques. Alhora, planteja la codificació amb qualitat constant i bitrate variable com a manera de codificació del contingut de vídeo més indicada per a la transmissió de contingut sota demanda mitjançant l'estàndard DASH. Derivat de la proposta d'utilització de la manera de codificació de qualitat constant, cobra major importància el paper que juguen els algorismes d'adaptació en l'experiència dels usuaris en consumir el contingut. En aquest sentit, aquesta tesi presenta un algoritme d'adaptació denominat Look Ahead el qual, sense modificar l'estàndard, permet utilitzar la informació de les grandàries dels segments de vídeo inclosa en els contenidors multimèdia per a evitar prendre decisions d'adaptació que desemboquin en una parada indesitjada en la reproducció de contingut multimèdia. Amb l'objectiu d'avaluar les possibles millores de l'algoritme d'adaptació presentat, es proposen tres models d'avaluació objectiva de la QoE. Els models proposats permeten predir de manera senzilla la QoE que tindrien els usuaris de manera objectiva, utilitzant paràmetres coneguts com el bitrate mitjà, el PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio) i el valor de VMAF (Video Multimethod Assessment Fusion). Tots ells aplicats a cada segment. Finalment, s'estudia el comportament de DASH en entorns Wi-Fi amb alta densitat d'usuaris. En aquest context es produeixen un nombre elevat de parades en la reproducció per una mala estimació de la taxa de transferència disponible deguda al patró ON/OFF de descàrrega de DASH i a la variabilitat de l'accés al mitjà de Wi-Fi. Per a pal·liar aquesta situació, es proposa un servei de coordinació basat en la tecnologia SAND (MPEG's Server and Network Assisted DASH) que proporciona una estimació de la taxa de transferència basada en la informació de l'estat dels players dels clients.<br>[EN] This thesis presents several proposals aimed at improving video transmission through the DASH (Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP) standard. This research work studies the DASH transmission protocol and its characteristics. At the same time, this work proposes the use of encoding with constant quality and variable bitrate as the most suitable video content encoding mode for on-demand content transmission through the DASH standard. Based on the proposal to use the constant quality encoding mode, the role played by adaptation algorithms in the user experience when consuming multimedia content becomes more important. In this sense, this thesis presents an adaptation algorithm called Look Ahead which, without modifying the standard, allows the use of the information on the sizes of the video segments included in the multimedia containers to avoid making adaptation decisions that lead to undesirable stalls during the playback of multimedia content. In order to evaluate the improvements of the presented adaptation algorithm, three models of objective QoE evaluation are proposed. These models allow to predict in a simple way the QoE that users would have in an objective way, using well-known parameters such as the average bitrate, the PSNR (Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio) and the VMAF (Video Multimethod Assessment Fusion). All of them applied to each segment. Finally, the DASH behavior in Wi-Fi environments with high user density is analyzed. In this context, there could be a high number of stalls in the playback because of a bad estimation of the available transfer rate due to the ON/OFF pattern of DASH download and to the variability of the access to the Wi-Fi environment. To relieve this situation, a coordination service based on SAND (MPEG's Server and Network Assisted DASH) is proposed, which provides an estimation of the transfer rate based on the information of the state of the clients' players.<br>Belda Ortega, R. (2021). Mejora del streaming de vídeo en DASH con codificación de bitrate variable mediante el algoritmo Look Ahead y mecanismos de coordinación para la reproducción, y propuesta de nuevas métricas para la evaluación de la QoE [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/169467<br>TESIS

Many communications signal formats are not power efficient because of their large peak-to-average power ratios (PARs). Moreover, in the presence of nonlinear devices such as power amplifiers (PAs) or mixers, the non-constant-modulus signals may generate both in-band distortion and out-of-band interference. Backing off the signal to the linear region of the device further reduces the system power efficiency. To improve the power efficiency of the communication system, one can pursue two approaches: i) linearize the PA; ii) reduce the high PAR of the input signal. In this dissertation, we first explore the optimal nonlinearity under the peak power constraint. We show that the optimal nonlinearity is a soft limiter with a specific gain calculated based on the peak power limit, noise variance, and the probability density function of the input amplitude. The result is also extended to the fading channel case. Next, we focus on digital baseband predistortion linearization for power amplifiers with memory effects. We build a high-speed wireless test-bed and carry out digital baseband predistortion linearization experiments. To implement adaptive PA linearization in wireless handsets, we propose an adaptive digital predistortion linearization architecture that utilizes existing components of the wireless transceiver to fulfill the adaptive predistorter training functionality. We then investigate the topic of PAR reduction for OFDM signals and forward link CDMA signals. To reduce the PAR of the OFDM signal, we propose a dynamic selected mapping (DSLM) algorithm with a two-buffer structure to reduce the computational requirement of the SLM method without sacrificing the PAR reduction capability. To reduce the PAR of the forward link CDMA signal, we propose a new PAR reduction algorithm by introducing a relative offset between the in-phase branch and the quadrature branch of the transmission system.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Images are relevant sources of information in many areas of science and technology. The processing of such information improves and optimizes its use. The image compression causes the information representation is more efficient, reducing the amount of data required to represent an image. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of Fractal Compression technique onto mammograms through an association between the objective criteria, provided by Peak Signal Noise Ration (PSNR); and the subjective criteria, given by visual analysis of an expert physician. Visual analysis was performed comparing mammograms compressed to different extents (compression rate) with the original image, where experts classified the compressed images as unacceptable , acceptable , good or great . In doing so, the optimal compression rate and PSNR values of mammograms was achieved, where images are considered acceptable according to experts. In order to compare the performance of fractal compression technique with another compression method, visual analysis was also done on images compressed by JPEG2000 method.<br>As imagens são fontes relevantes de informação em diversas áreas da ciência e tecnologia. O processamento dessas informações melhora e otimiza sua utilização. A compressão de imagens faz com que a representação da informação seja mais eficiente, reduzindo a quantidade de dados necessários para representar uma imagem. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a avaliação do desempenho da compressão fractal aplicada a imagens mamográficas, pela combinação entre o critério objetivo, fornecido pela relação sinal ruído de pico (Peak Signal Noise Ratio - PSNR), e o critério subjetivo, especificado pela análise visual de médicos especialistas. A análise visual foi realizada comparando as imagens mamográficas comprimidas com diferentes taxas de compressão e a imagem original. Os especialistas classificaram as imagens comprimidas como \"inaceitável\", \"aceitável\", \"boa\" ou \"ótima\". Dessa maneira, conseguiu-se combinar a taxa de compressão e o valor de PSNR, para que as imagens comprimidas sejam consideradas aceitáveis pelos especialistas. Para avaliar o desempenho da compressão fractal foram realizados testes e análises visuais com as mesmas imagens utilizando o método de compressão JPEG2000.<br>Mestre em Ciências

The diplomma thesis is dealing with possibilities of Signal to noise ratio measurement by method, which is based on direct measurement. It is chosen the most suitable method – signal and noise separation to two different parallel signal branches, where is measured signal strength in one branch and root mean square value in the other. The thesis is consisted of a concept of detail block scheme of Signal to noise ratio meter, which was designed in terms of theoretical knowledge. Particular functional blocks were circuit-designed, the active and passive parts were chosen and their function were described. There were made simulation and displayed input and output time flows. There is designed the whole connection of engineered Signal to noise ratio meter in the last part of my thesis. The double-sided board of printed circuit is contained too. It was created simple programme for supervisor micro-processor. Thereby were constructed complete bases for realization.