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Miller, Romanda Nyetta. "Pace and variability in the badminton jump smash and the tennis serve." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2016. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/25528.
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Full-body three-dimensional kinematic characteristics were determined for the badminton jump smash and the tennis serve in order to investigate contributions to pace and variability. Kinematic (400 Hz) data were collected for a group of badminton and tennis players, using an 18 camera Vicon Motion Analysis System. Each participant performed 24 jump smashes or tennis serves. The best trials - maximal velocity with minimal marker loss - were analysed for each participant using a 18 segment rigid body model customised for each participant using subject-specific segmental properties. Parameters were calculated describing elements of the badminton jump smash and tennis serve technique as well as variability. The effect of these technique parameters on: speed were addressed using stepwise linear regression and on variability using one-way ANOVA. The results suggest that the fastest badminton players had a smaller elbow extension angle at the end of retraction, a larger wrist extension angle at shuttle contact, and a larger time between preparation and shuttle contact; that accounted for 84% of variation in shuttle speed. The results also showed that variability in the badminton smash was caused by differences in body placement, shuttle location on the racket at impact and movement timings. In the tennis serve, linear regressions showed that there were no variables significant to speed when players hit to the right and left centre court lines. When players hit in the advantage court trunk rotation at the racket lowest point key instant could explain 35.2% of the variation in speed, and when hitting towards the deuce court timing from the end of retraction to ball contact explained 33.6% of ball speed. The results show that there are differences in technique between the badminton jump smash and the tennis serves especially in the first half of the sporting actions.
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Roure, Cédric. "Épistémologie des savoirs scolaires des sports de raquette." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10002.
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Cette thèse propose de démontrer la pertinence de la construction d'un cadre théorique permettant de réaliser l'épistémologie des savoirs scolaires des activités physiques sportives et artistiques. Ce projet s’appuie sur les enjeux d’une transmission culturelle des activités envisageant les perspectives anthropologiques et épistémologiques des recherches en didactique. La constitution de ce cadre, appliqué au groupement des sports de raquette enseigné en EPS, se décline en deux parties. La première aborde l'épistémologie sous un versant historique et poursuit l'objectif d'identifier et de périodiser les savoirs à enseigner des sports de raquette. Et la deuxième s'intéresse au versant sociologique de l'épistémologie afin de rendre compte de la structuration des savoirs scolaires de ce groupement d'activités et de comprendre les mécanismes présidant à la mise en place et à l'évolution de cette structuration, notamment sous l'angle du jeu des acteurs. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent la pertinence du cadre utilisé au travers de l'analyse de 127 articles intéressant l'enseignement des sports de raquette, ces derniers provenant d'une revue professionnelle de référence : la revue EPS. Les discussions des résultats portent essentiellement sur la formation progressive du groupement des sports de raquette au travers de l'évolution de la structuration de leurs savoirs scolaires. Les enjeux pour l'enseignement de ces activités sont évoqués tout comme les répercussions pour la formation initiale et continue des professeurs d'EPS<br>The present research aims at demonstrating the relevance of the construction of a theoretical frame for the epistemology of school knowledge in sports and physical activities. This project considers the anthropological and epistemological perspectives of researches in didactics in the context of the cultural transmission of activities. The construction of the theoretical frame, applied to the group of racket sports, is divided into two parts. The first part approaches the epistemology from a historical point of view and proposes to identify and characterize the evolution of school knowledge in racket sports. The second part looks into the sociological aspect of the epistemology with a view to analyse the structure of the school knowledge related to this group of activities and to understand the mechanisms governing the implementation and evolution of this structure, taking into consideration the role of the actors within the social network. The results of the present research show the relevance of this frame through the analysis of 127 articles on the subject of racket sports teaching, all of them published in the professional review “Revue EPS”. The discussion of the results is essentially focused upon the progressive formation of the group of racket sports through the evolution of the structure of the related school knowledge. The stakes for the teaching of these activities are considered, as well as the impact on the professional training of the physical education teachers
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Ličák, Jakub. "Zavedenie nového športu padel v Českej republike." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199910.
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This thesis aims to describe the proposed implementation process of the introduction of padel in the Czech Republic and to draw up a business plan to build the first padel centre in the Czech Republic called Padel centre Prague. The main analytical method is a detailed financial plan on which economic indicators of implementation of this investment project are quantified. Leading procedures for detecting data are questionnaire surveys, telephone query and also an estimate, which is used mainly in the analysis of the financial plan. The estimated average payback period for this investment is 3.2 years, while the real recovery of funds spent on the construction of padel centre should occur during the fifth year of its operation.
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Rolo, Cristina Maria Roque da Costa. "Treino psicológico-estudo da influência do treino mental no rendimento competitivo de tenistas de alta competição." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UTL-Universidade Técnica de Lisboa -- -Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, 1999. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29034.
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Phomsoupha, Michael. "Déterminants biomécanique, physiologique et modélisation physique de la performance en badminton." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS521/document.
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Tout comme l’entraînement, la recherche en science du sport est un facteur déterminant de la performance sportive. À travers l’étude d’une activité physique intermittente, le badminton, le prisme des concepts biomécaniques, physiologiques et physiques convergent vers une approche pluridisciplinaire des déterminants de la performance sportive. Ainsi, l’objectif de l’ensemble de ce travail doctoral est, à la fois, la prédiction de la performance en badminton et la compréhension des mécanismes de production d’une vitesse de volant proche des 500 km/h. Les réponses physiologiques et neuromusculaires ont permis la mise en place d’un test discriminant spécifique, prédictif du niveau d’expertise, et proche des situations écologiques d’un match. Paradoxalement, les causes des mécanismes neurophysiologiques liés à la fatigue induite lors d’un match prolongé restent toutefois inconnues. Il apparaît primordial d’approfondir les dits mécanismes vraisemblablement à l’origine de la diminution de la performance sportive. Les évolutions des observables de match, de la force maximale et de la puissance des membres supérieurs et inférieurs convergent vers une diminution progressive au cours de la pratique. Corollairement, la compréhension des mécanismes d’optimisation de la vitesse du volant a permis de mettre en exergue des principes biomécaniques et physiques déterminant lors de la prédiction d’une grande vitesse de volant lors d’une performance maximale. En effet, les principes d’adjonction des segments et d’étirement-renvoi influencent largement la vitesse de la main. En complément, le principe de bras de levier et l’effet élastique de la raquette permettent également d’accroître la vitesse de la raquette. Enfin, la conservation de la quantité de mouvement et le coefficient de restitution contribuent finalement à la vitesse du volant<br>Just like training, sport science research is a key factor in sports performance. Through the study of intermittent physical activity, in this case badminton, biomechanical, physiological and physical concepts emerge and offer a multidisciplinary approach of the determinants of sport performance. Thus, the goal of this doctoral work is both the study of badminton in the performance prediction and the understanding of the mechanisms in the production of wheel velocity close to 500 km/h. The physiological and neuromuscular responses enabled the establishment of a specific discriminatory test, predicting the level of expertise, and close to the ecological conditions of a match. Paradoxically, the causes of neurophysiological mechanisms associated with the fatigue induced by a prolonged game remain unknown. It appears heuristic to further study those mechanisms which are at the origin of a decrease in athletic performance. The evolution of observable match variables, the maximum strength and the power of the upper and lower limbs converge towards a gradual decrease in the practice. As a corollary, the understanding of the optimisation of the speed of the flywheel mechanisms helped to highlight the biomechanical and physical principles, essential in predicting a large wheel speed during a maximum performance. Indeed, the principles of adding segments and stretching shortening cycle largely influence the speed of the hand. In addition, the principle of the lever arm and the elastic effect of the racket also increase the speed of the racket. Finally, the conservation of the momentum and the restitution coefficient ultimately contribute to the speed of the shuttlecock
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Blank, Peter [Verfasser], Björn [Akademischer Betreuer] Eskofier, Björn [Gutachter] Eskofier, and Paul [Gutachter] Lukowicz. "Smart Racket – Instrumented Racket as Real-time Feedback Device in Table Tennis / Peter Blank ; Gutachter: Björn Eskofier, Paul Lukowicz ; Betreuer: Björn Eskofier." Erlangen : FAU University Press, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1214443524/34.
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Gölz, Olmo [Verfasser]. "Gewaltakteure in Iran. Rackets, Racketeers und der Kampf um das Gewaltmonopol in Teheran 1941 – 1963." Freiburg : Universität, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1176968084/34.
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Lazdauskas, Karolis. "Orientavimosi sporto varžybų organizavimo kokybės gerinimas: sporto organizacijos atvejis." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140620_112349-79976.
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Darbo objektas: orientavimosi sporto varžybų kokybės gerinimas.
Darbo tikslas: nustatyti orientavimosi sporto varžybų kokybės spragas.
Darbo uždaviniai:
1. Išnagrinėti sporto organizacijos sampratą.
2. Apibrėžti sportinių varžybų organizavimo ypatumus.
3. Atskleisti orientavimosi sporto varžybų organizavimo ir formavimo etapus.
4. Nustatyti orientavimosi sporto varžybų dalyvių masiškumą kintant metams.
5. Atskleisti orientavimosi sporto varžybų organizavimo kokybę.
Tyrimo metodai:
1. Mokslinės literatūros analizė;
2. Dokumentų turinio analizė;
3. Anketinė apklausa;
4. Aprašomoji statistika.
Rezultatai, išvados, pasiūlymai
Šiuolaikinės sporto organizacijos neatsilieka nuo verslo organizacijų, jos sugeba pritaikyti naujausius verslo modelius, technologijas, strateginio valdymo metodus. Gerai organizuotos ir sistemingai vykdomos varžybos turi turėti išliekamąją vertę, bet tik gerai organizuotos varžybos bus naudingos atletams bei teiks malonumą žiūrovams. Orientavimosi sporto varžybų organizavimo ištakos siejamos, nuo turistinių sąskrydžių, kuriuo metu, jų dalyviai, kaip laisvalaikio praleidimo formą įtraukdavo šį sportą. Atlikus tyrimą buvo nustatyta, kad dauguma apklaustųjų yra nusivylę šio sporto organizavimo kokybe. Tačiau paskutiniųjų metų statistiniai duomenys rodo, jog dalyvių masiškumas auga. Atsižvelgus į tyrimo gautus rezultatus galima teigti, jog orientavimosi sporto organizavime yra trūkumu ir juos reiktu gerinti. Tyrimas atskleidžia, kad Lietuvoje trūksta... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>The object of the work: orienteering race quality improvement
The aim of the work: determine the quality of orienteering event quality gaps.
The goals of the work:
1. To examine the concept of sports organizations.
2. To define the specific organization of sporting events.
3. To reveal of orienteering events organizing and formation stages.
4. To estimate orienteering sports participants in a competition with the changing years.
5. To reveal of orienteering events organizing quality.
Methods of survey:
1. Analysis of scientific literature;
2. Content analysis of documents:
3. Questionnaire;
4. Descriptive statistics.
Modern sports organizations keeping pace with business organizations, they are able to adapt the latest business models, technologies and strategic management. Well organized and systematic race has to have lasting value, but only well-organized race will be useful for athletes and provide enjoyment to the audience. Orienteering race organizing origins are going back to the tourist hiking time. In that time participants include this sport as a leisure form. The investigation found out that most of the respondents are disappointed with the quality of organization of sport. But last year, statistics show that the massification of participants grows. Based on the study results suggest that orienteering is a lack of organization and they should be improved. The study reveals that orienteering organized in Lithuania has weaknesses in a high-level competition, which... [to full text]
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Drafts-Johnson, Lilah. "The Language of Sport: Understanding Chile and chilenidad through Marathon Races and Fútbol Games." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1524920821602293.
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Roakes, Sally J. "An aquatic and racquet center for the Federal City." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53085.
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All material in nature, the mountains and the streams and the air and we, are made of Light which has been spent, and this crumpled mass called material casts a shadow, and the shadow belongs to Light.
Louis I. Kahn¹
I like complexity and contradiction in architecture. I do not like the incoherence or arbitrariness of incompetent architecture nor the precious intricacies of picturesqueness or expressionism. Instead, I speak of a complex and contradictory architecture based on the richness and ambiguity of modern experience, including that experience which is inherent in art.
Robert Venturi²<br>Master of Architecture
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Suzuki, Naofumi. "Sport and neighbourhood regeneration : exploring the mechanisms of social inclusion through sport." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/27/.
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This thesis explores the way that sport can be used as a component of effective practice of neighbourhood regeneration. In particular, the thesis examines how and to what extent projects using sport for the purpose of engaging with young people affected by the deprivation of a neighbourhood can add to regenerating the area. The last decade has seen the shift of focus in British urban regeneration policy from physical renewal and economic development to tackling social and community-related matters concentrated in deprived neighbourhoods, such as unemployment, low income, low skills, poor housing, high crime rates, and poor health – in short, social exclusion. Young people who live in these neighbourhoods are greatly disadvantaged in respect both of their well-being at the present time and of their transition into adulthood. Use of sport for the purpose of alleviating these disadvantages is increasingly popular, although conclusive evidence of social benefits of sport participation has been lacking. The thesis identifies four sets of hypotheses that represent how sport may enhance the process of social inclusion; namely, personal development, diversion, social interaction/social networks, and the salience of sport. The normative and analytical framework is developed based on Amartya Sen’s ‘capability’ perspective so as to re-define the goal of neighbourhood regeneration, against which sport-related regeneration projects can be assessed their contribution. An in-depth qualitative case study, based on grounded theory, was carried out in deprived neighbourhoods in the East End of Glasgow. Main findings include: (1) young people in the area were trapped into the vicious circles of leisure deprivation, territoriality, and poor transition into adulthood; (2) the process of tackling youth-related problems in deprived areas can be represented with the analogies of ‘hooking’ and ‘signposting’; (3) a successful structure of a sport-related regeneration project can be represented by a ‘pyramid’, founded on financial sustainability nested in robust organisational base; (4) a project can enlarge its organisational base through a repeated process of ‘ownership’ and ‘evolution’, represented by an expanding ‘spiral’; and (5) sport-related projects are often too small to reach the majority of the ‘excluded’.
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Ulrich, Matthew. "Sports Illustrated's Coverage of Race and Ethnicity in Major League Baseball: A Longitudinal Analysis." Thesis, Boston College, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104304.
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Thesis advisor: Natalia Sarkisian<br>In an attempt to address issues with the changing demographics in Major League Baseball, most notably the declining black presence in the game, this study researches the sports media industry and its influence on professional baseball. Using a quantitative content analysis on Sports Illustrated articles, this study is able to find important results regarding the sports media’s coverage of race/ethnicity, specifically in terms of numerical representation. With agenda-setting theory as a foundation, this study converts sports media coverage results into wide-ranging conclusions about the potential benefits of using targeted sports media coverage to extend affirmative action efforts in professional baseball<br>Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2015<br>Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: Departmental Honors<br>Discipline: Sociology
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Asihel, Solomon Ghebremedhin. "An exploration and evaluation of mechanisms on the role of sport in post-conflict racial reconciliation and integration : the post-apartheid South African context." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4891.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD<br>Sport has both uniting and dividing features, often manifesting contradictory outcomes in terms of conflict or co-operation. Sport is a social construct and its role and function depends largely on what society makes of it, and how it is consumed by society. If sport’s potential is to unfold, the dividing features should be guarded against and the desired positive effects must be furthered. The aim of this study is twofold; on the one hand, the study focuses on evaluating the post-apartheid South Africa’s experience, of reconciliation through Sport Intervention Programs (SIPs), and on the other hand, the study explores mechanisms through which sport can serve as a vehicle to integrate racialized South African youth identities with the aim of promoting, reconciliation and integration for change. The study identified 12 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) that are facilitating grassroots sport initiatives that use sport as a platform to combat social issues in previously marginalised communities of the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Purposive sampling was used to identify12 focus group discussions, consisting of 10participants in each group, ranging from 14-20 years, totaling 100 youth as well as another group of 13 respondents for semi-structured interviews, ranging from 25-68 years old, which include sport managers, coaches/officials, role models, government and UN officials, who contributed to the SIPs and their organizations in different capacities. Both the discussion groups and face-to-face interviews were conducted on a voluntary basis. Thematic content analysis was carried-out to analyse the data. This study explored existing theories, literature, and good intervention practices, and has established the relative interlinkages between sport and peace-building, as pivotal to the ongoing scholarly debates in the field of Sport for Development and Peace (SDP). From the findings, reconciliation and integration through SIPs may require a unique method in the holistic approach for transformation and social change in post-1994. From the findings in this study, the SIPs’ effort and approaches highlighted a number of positive inroads. The majority of the discussion groups and face-to-face interviewees felt the desire to have a united and non-racial South Africa. Within the discussion group, the notion of the ‘Rainbow Nation’ emerged as a ‘counter discourse’, and, a reaction to the apartheid discourse ‘racial segregation’, both discourses found to have impacts on the youth identities. The youth participants also referred as ‘Born Frees’ are still deeply marked by their racialized past, but they also showed a drive to make a different present, and a new future. From the findings, the SIPs foci of learning by doing, such as team cohesion on the field, and peace education off the field were found instrumental in building relationship. Networking, non-violent conflict resolution, and collaboration for shared goals, which reduced, negative perceptions among the South African racialized youth, at personal and relational level. However, the structural and cultural dimensions require multiple changes at all societal levels. The interconnection of the hierarchies of change in relation to the program in-put, out-puts and outcomes, on how the attitudes and behaviours of the individual youth are expected to change by the SIPs, and how these personal changes are sought to change the structural, and cultural practices, within the programme design, monitoring and evaluation of the SIPs were found unclear, and under-developed. The reflexive learning within the current research process postulate that, first, conflict resolution, racial integration and reconciliation within the SIPs endeavors is characterized by a complex set of factors and dynamic forces on the ground such as race relations and social change. As such, a systems approach is necessary to approach this field in comprehensive manner. The present research study shows that a model is required that needs to integrate the various elements in a comprehensive fashion to promote reconciliation, conflict resolution, peace and development. Secondly, the SIPs may serve as a platform and provide contextual mechanism for conflict resolution, and this study discovered that the ‘theory of change approach’ is an effective tool to unpack the change process between the SIPs’ activities and its ultimate goal. Thirdly the genuine effort of SIPs and its NGOs in the lives of the future leaders is well articulated; however, they seem to confront a problem way bigger than their capacity, which involves power and massive resources. The fieldwork experience from the present study, commends the SIPs’ culture of networking, and collaboration can only be enhanced when it is framed by the ‘scaling-up’ strategy developed by Lederach et al. for wider social impact, and,sustainability. In light of the findings, while the above three imperatives considered as an original contribution to the existing knowledge in the field of Sport for Development and Peace (SDP), it also concluded by providing possible recommendations that may guide sport practitioners to effectively design, implement, monitor and evaluate programmes and the SIPs’ in post-apartheid South Africa, in Africa and beyond.
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Comley, Cassie. "“Surfing? That’s a White Boy Sport”: An Intersectional Analysis of Mexican Americans’ Experiences with Southern California Surf Culture." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/24533.
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The primary purpose of this ethnographic study is to contextualize Mexican American surfers experiences with sport as a lens into race, gender and class relations. Specifically, it seeks to understand how a history of gender, race, and class oppression has played out in this understudied terrain of sports. This study offers empirical insight into the ways in which Mexican Americans navigate and (un)successfully infiltrate predominantly white, male, middle-class sporting arenas. In this study I also examine the relationship between access and barriers, specifically how access to public recreational spaces are constricted by participants’ real and imagined barriers. By exploring Mexican American surfers’ everyday experiences, I unearthed the varying ways Mexican American surfers experienced discrimination and marginalization across intersecting and interlocking identities.
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Pickett, Moneque Walker. "The Invisible Black Woman In The Title IX Shuffle: An Empirical Analysis And Critical Examination Of Gender Equity Policy In Assessing Access And Participation Of Black And White High School Girls In Interscholastic Sports." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/288.
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There has been considerable progress in women's sport participation opportunities since the enactment of Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972. These opportunities have allowed women and girls to participate in sports at the primary and secondary school level, as well as at the collegiate level in considerable numbers. Institutions have been adding new, emerging, or growth sports to their sports lineup. Despite this progress, much remains to be done to achieve true equity in women's access to sports. Indeed, recent evidence suggests that women of color may not have benefited from the array of new sports and athletic opportunities as much as white women. To examine this issue, we compare Post-Title IX trends in black and white females' sports participation and directly examine the effect of race on participation opportunities. Quantitative analysis based on multiple national data sets, including the National Longitudinal Study (NLS), the High School and Beyond Survey (HSB), the National Educational Longitudinal Survey (NELS), and the Educational Longitudinal Survey (ELS), reveal that compared to white females, black females have indeed lost ground since Title IX, and that public schools attended by black females offer fewer sport participation opportunities to girls. Qualitative analysis is presented through a detailed, critical examination of the history of white and black women and sports, followed by an assessment of the legal challenges to gender inequality involving Title IX. Although Title IX is supposed to provide greater sports participation and athletic opportunities for women, oftentimes, women of color are disproportionately excluded from participation. As a policy, Title IX is designed to promote gender equity and equality in education, including sports. However, interscholastic athletic access and participation opportunities for females are unevenly distributed along racial lines. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.
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Chiloiro, Giuseppe Marco. "Virtual coach for super sports cars: a possible AI application." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
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The dream of the human being has always been to reach the perfection.
This is true for life in general, but also for sports competitions including motorsport.
In car racing, the optimum is represented by the perfect lap, performed by the driver in the minimum possible time, following the ideal race line with the appropriate velocity.
However, due to the intrinsic nature of human being this is unfeasible and the only way to get as close as possible to the perfection is to rely on technology and artificial intelligence.
Focusing on motorsport, the actual knowledge of vehicle dynamics and the development of optimization techniques can help in reaching great improvements in terms of race performance.
This is exactly the objective of this thesis in which the implementation of a virtual coach for super sports cars has been carried out, in order to provide useful suggestions to the driver during and after the performance.
In particular, the algorithm on which the virtual coach is based, computes the ideal race line and the optimal velocity in every point, giving also an accurate estimation of the best reachable lap time.
The virtual coach is able to adapt to each super sports car and circuit, since the vehicle and racetrack models are generated starting from the physical parameters introduced by the user as inputs to the algorithm.
The optimization of the race line is performed by solving the minimum lap time problem through the optimal control theory and the optimal velocity is computed for each point of the ideal trajectory.
After the first lap, the algorithm associates the driver to a category level and shows which are the sectors of the circuit where a higher improvement is possible, adapting the targets in terms of lap time and velocity to the driver’s capabilities and allowing a step by step improving of the performances.
The algorithm has been tested on a large variety of vehicles and circuits, providing accurate results in terms of ideal race lines and velocities.
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Wilson, Gregory J. II. "A Double Edged Sword: The Effects of Participation in Sports on the African American Community." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/756.
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Participation in sports has a strong influence on the development of African American youth and the Black community as a whole. The purpose of this paper is to explore the positive and negative effects that participating in sports has on the African American community using previous works and experiments on the topic. Results found that participation in athletics helps African American youth develop important social skills, creates an outlet to keep Black youth off the streets in impoverished neighborhoods, and establishes a vehicle to help Black youth get into college. However, the overemphasized importance of sports within the African American community through the media and Black families themselves has resulted in multiple negative effects including career immaturity, lower academic achievement and the exploitation of the Black intercollegiate athlete.
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Donà, Giulia. "Principal component analysis for motor skills characterization and individual monitoring in sports science." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426733.
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Sports biomechanics is the science that applies the laws of mechanics and physics to athlete performance, in order to gain a greater understanding of motor skills through measurement, modelling and simulation. It operates for meeting the growing demands of coaches, physicians and athletes, to quantitatively assess the essential characteristics of performance. In clinical "gait analysis", standard protocols have been widely validated and quantitative analysis has become a powerful tool for surgical decision and for post-operative and rehabilitative monitoring. In sports field the great amount of disciplines and the difficulty in standardizing movements have acted as a brake on the systematic use of powerful techniques like stereophotogrammetry. These methods, although offering great potentialities, are still at their beginning. Substantial issues are still to be investigated, such as time needed for data collection and data analysis, handling of the equipment, costs, lack of subject-specific models, etc.
One of the purposes of sports research should be the identification of the peculiar characteristics and of the most proficient strategy for each athlete. The monitoring of a group of athletes should be the base for an accurate quantitative assessment of the movement under analysis and for the identification of different skill levels. Then, the knowledge of single athlete's abilities or deficiencies should help coaches to adjust individual training programs. Moreover, a reliable characterization of the subject should pass through longitudinal monitoring: the athlete might be compared with himself in different times during the training season.
The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the use of principal component analysis for reducing and interpreting sports motion data, while accounting for their original variability. Race walking was chosen as the mean of investigation, because it is a motor task that presents peculiar biomechanical and coordinative demands. An optoelectronic system and a force plate were used to collect and estimate kinematics and kinetics of seven race walkers of international level. Several race walking repetitions were acquired and kinematics and kinetics variables were processed.
Principal component analysis summarized the most important information in the data, by representing the variables in a limited number of components that explained most of data variance. Data underwent three different applications of PCA: traditional (t-PCA), functional (f-PCA) and two-stage (2-PCA).
Advantages and disadvantages of the three methods in solving different challenges were evaluated. A general characterization of race walking biomechanics was pursued, in order to get a full comprehension of the movement under analysis. Then, a robust and complete characterization of the single athlete's performance strategy was given. The most important factors that distinguish athletes according to their skill levels were found out. Moreover, the peculiar technical and coordinative characteristics of each athlete were widely described. Finally, an example of longitudinal monitoring was described. Motion analysis, combined with PCA, was used on data from two subsequent testing sessions, to identify the main improvements caused by training.
This study tried to show how principal component analysis could represent a valuable tool for motor skills characterization and individual monitoring. It gave also important information about motion behaviours that might be primarily responsible for injury. Moreover, a special effort was spent in finding a connection between a complex and theoretical mathematical approach (PCA) and its practical application. The biomechanical interpretations of the statistical results was intended to make information intelligible from practitioners.
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Ware, Michael Todd. "Conducting a community-wide vacation Bible school and summer sports clinic a paradigm for racial reconciliation /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Wilson, David. "The effects of intermittent fasting during Ramadan on performance related to football." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2007. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5862/.
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During the 9th lunar month of each year around 1 billion Muslims adhere to the religious 4- week festival of Ramadan, which is considered as a time for empathy for those less fortunate, a time for restraint, and goodwill. The main focus of the religious intervention of Ramadan is the intermittent fast whereby, each day between dawn and sunset nutritional abstinence is practiced. Empirical evidence from experienced soccer coaches in Qatar has indicated that the 4-week intermittent fast during Ramadan impedes the quality and quantity of training, as well as match play. However, there has been lack of attention directed to the consequences associated with Ramadan and football (soccer) players. Greater understanding of the consequences of Islamic soccer players adhering to lifestyle changes and intermittent fasting would facilitate soccer coaches in a systematic approach to addressing potential negative performance effects associated with Ramadan in future soccer-seasons. In order to address the research problem, a soccer-specific battery of tests was required; as there is no established gold standard battery of soccer-specific field tests preliminary technical and methodological studies were required. In Study-1 a soccer-specific anaerobic capacity field test (Liverpool Anaerobic Speed Test or LAST) was piloted for validity, reliability, and practicality since, the choice for suitable soccer-specific anaerobic capacity tests were inadequate. It was found that two familiarisation sessions are necessary to reduce systematic bias markedly and habituate players with procedures of the LAST. The total measurement error (ratio of Limits of Agreement) of the LAST was 2.5% (± 18 m), and peak blood lactate values produced were 17.6 mmol.l⁻¹, which were greater than the 14.7 mmol.l⁻¹ criteria set for maximal anaerobic effort before the pilot study. The test set-up and administration proved to be practical, facilitating large numbers of subjects to be evaluated relatively quickly ( < 20 min). Therefore, the LAST was included in the soccer-specific battery of field tests, which then provided a comprehensive analysis of the separate components soccer performance. The available facility to conduct this investigation was the soccer-field at Al-Ahli Sports Club Doha, Qatar and therefore, further methodological investigations were necessary; temperatures within Qatar can vary during different times of the season, and at times are quite severe with respect to heat and humidity. The purpose of Study-2 was to examine how robust the discrete soccer-specific field tests were which, would be used during the intervention of Ramadan, using a repeated measures counter-balanced design of indoor and outdoor conditions. It was found that during the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (YYIRT) (Krustrup et al., 2003) outdoor assessment maximal performance was reduced by 19% in contrast to the YYIRT conducted indoors, despite the subjects attaining similar maximal heart rates. Consequently, the YYIRT to volitional exhaustion was excluded from the battery of tests to be used during the intervention of Ramadan; all other soccer-specific field tests were found to be robust for use in the heat. The aim of Study-3 was a qualitative investigation to observe current soccer-practice and related factors surrounding training; this brief included bedtime, wake-up time, sleep duration, environmental conditions, pre-training dehydration, body fluids lost during training, body-core temperature, and relative training intensity. During Ramadan it was found that bedtime and wake-up time were significantly delayed and sleep duration lengthened compared to normal. Post-Ramadan was found to be akin to eastward time travel with advancement in bedtime, wake-up and return to normal sleep duration. Dehydration was significantly greater pre-training during Ramadan in comparison to non- Ramadan training weeks, and body fluid loss during training in both Ramadan and non- Ramadan periods was considerable. Relative training workload was also quantified during this time and highlighted important practical problems.
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Clements, Christopher Frederick. "The Quarterbacks of the NFL Draft: A Study into the Media Coverage of the 2012 and 2020 First Round Quarterbacks." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103774.
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This study seeks to identify, understand, and compare the themes created, by the print media, utilized to ascribe identity to college quarterbacks as they are entering the NFL Draft. The study will compare the four first-round quarterbacks from the 2020 NFL Draft and four first-round quarterbacks from the 2012 NFL Draft; which because of its historic nature of being the first draft to include a white and Black quarterback of drafted number one and two, respectively, is used as a baseline. The study uses framing theory and previous research to understand the themes present in the media coverage of these quarterbacks from the 2020 NFL Draft and the 2012 NFL Draft.
A total of 112 newspaper articles from the Newsbank database were analyzed using qualitative research methods to compare the differences in frames that exist due to the racial background of each quarterback. Additionally, the difference in narratives and expressed frames, depicted by the print media over an eight-year time span were compared and examined using framing theory. The findings reveal that in both 2012 and 2020 there was racial framing utilized, in the sports media, when describing college quarterbacks and these racial frames functioned as a reflection of the existing racial views within society. The findings also displayed a clear difference between the frames present in 2012 and 2020. This difference, however, did not point toward a lessening of racial framing, but rather to a shift in the formation of the themes utilized, by the sports media, to create the racial frames.<br>Master of Arts<br>This study examines the sports media and its coverage of eight college quarterbacks as they enter the NFL Draft. The study utilizes the four quarterbacks drafted in both the 2012 and 2020 NFL Draft in order to understand the racial themes that are present throughout 112 newspaper articles. The unique history of the 2012 NFL Draft which featured a white and Black quarterback drafted one and two, respectively, serves as a baseline for the comparison of racially driven themes used by the media. Racially driven themes are used throughout sports media to produce narratives about sports topics for the public's consumption. This study seeks to understand the presence of racial themes throughout the sports media's coverage of college quarterbacks as well as the difference in these themes during the eight-year gap between 2012 and 2020. Previous research has shown the sports media to create narratives about athletes that attempt to mirror society. The changing racial landscape present in today's society serves as a backdrop to understand how the sports media alters its narrative choices in order to mimic society.
The findings reveal a presence of racially driven themes throughout the 112 articles for both the 2012 and 2020 NFL Drafts and display a clear difference between the formation and utilization of the themes used to create these narratives within the eight-year gap. Although the findings communicate a clear shift in the racial themes, they do not demonstrate a less racially driven form of theme development.
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Andrade, Paulo Jorge Marcelino Baptista de. "A federação portuguesa de ténis e o desenvolvimento do ténis em Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UTL-Universidade Técnica de Lisboa -- -Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, 2001. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29333.
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Dow, Nicholas Mark. "Boston: the Red Sox, the Celtics, and Race, 1945-1969." Thesis, Boston College, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2608.
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Thesis advisor: John Joseph Burns<br>In the first two decades after World War II, America confronted issues of race in a way that it had not previously done so in its history. During the time period of 1945-1969, the city of Boston and two of its professional sports franchises—namely the Boston Red Sox and the Boston Celtics—also found that matters of race had a newfound significance. From Jackie Robinson’s token tryout with the Red Sox in 1945 to Bill Russell’s retirement from the Celtics in 1969, race and sports intersected in the city of Boston, whether the city was ready for it or not. As the Civil Rights Movement gripped the nation in the 1950s and 1960s, Boston’s own racial injustices came to light as well. With this context, the Boston Celtics provided an example as to what a racially integrated group of people could accomplish, winning eleven titles in thirteen seasons, while their counterparts, the Red Sox, often dragged their feet on realizing racial justice, with the teams of the late ‘60s as an exception. During this time period, Boston’s high-profile sports teams provided a microcosm through which to view the racial situation in Boston and the nation<br>Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2012<br>Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences<br>Discipline: College Honors Program<br>Discipline: History
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Minou, Masoumeh. "Physical activity promotion of ethnic populations in deprived communities : from determinants to intervention." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2011. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6014/.
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Oates, Thomas Patrick. "On the block race, gender, and power in the NFL draft /." Diss., University of Iowa, 2004. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/114.
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Weight, Matthew A. "Confronting the Arms Race - Conference Commissioner Perspectives on Spending Within Intercollegiate Athletics." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1320630353.
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Duteil, Margaux. "Les contrats de vente d'équidés de sport et de courses." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1045.
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À l’heure actuelle, les équidés font l’objet d’intérêts nombreux en tant que richesse patrimoniale. Ces attributs conférés par le droit de propriété permettent l’établissement de conventions de natures variées, comme la vente. L’intérêt est donc de révéler pourquoi l’établissement d’une vente (à l’essai, à l’amiable, aux enchères publiques ou privées, sur internet, judiciaires volontaires ou forcées, après saisie ou à réclamer) sur un équidé soulève tant de difficultés depuis quelques années. La vente de chevaux est soumise à l’interaction de plusieurs codes (Code civil, Code rural, Code de la consommation). Ces textes prévoient de nombreuses divergences avec un meuble inanimé. Parallèlement, la pratique a mis en place des techniques (comme la visite vétérinaire qui précède l’achat) permettant aux contractants de s’engager en connaissance de cause. Par ailleurs, l’application d’une garantie de deux ans (véritable frein à la vente de chevaux) prévue par le code de la consommation dans les ventes conclues entre un professionnel vendeur et un acquéreur amateur. Par conséquent, la multiplicité des qualifications juridiques, en général, et la soumission à des garanties inadaptées, en particulier, incitent le vendeur professionnel à s’évincer des conventions. Désormais, le meilleur gage de protection consisterait à rédiger très précisément le contrat<br>At present, horses are the subject of many interests as heritage wealth. These attributes conferred by the right of ownership allow the establishment of conventions of various natures, such as sale. The interest is therefore to reveal why the establishment of a sale (trial, amicable, public or private auctions, on the internet, voluntary or forced judicial, after seizure or to claim) on an equine raises so many difficulties in recent years. The sale of horses is subject to the interaction of several codes (civil code, rural code, consumer code). These texts foresee many divergences with an inanimate piece of furniture. At the same time, the practice has put in place techniques (such as the veterinary visit that precedes the purchase) enabling contractors to make an informed commitment. Moreover, the application of a two-year guarantee (a true brake on the sale of horses) provided for by the consumer code in sales between a sales professional and an amateur purchaser. Consequently, the multiplicity of legal qualifications, in general, and the submission to inadequate guarantees, in particular, incite the professional seller to vindicate conventions. From now on, the best guarantee of protection would be to write the contract very precisely
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Lyandvert, Shayna. "Does Discrimination Exist in the National Hockey League? An Analysis of Racial Salary Discrimination in the NHL (2012-2017)." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1916.
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This paper examines whether racial salary discrimination exists in the National Hockey League (NHL). I examine data from Hockey Reference and CapFriendly and find some evidence of racial salary discrimination, controlling for a rich set of demographic and performance characteristics. Specifically, when I solely control for race, I do not find any racial wage gap. This gap exists when I control for race and limited place of birth groups, however, the effect is wiped out by performance controls. When controlling for race and detailed place of birth groups, I find some evidence of a race gap even when controls for performance are included. Lastly, I discover that whites from all countries excluding the USA earn more than whites from the USA.
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Mack-Washington, Marta Notai. "From both sides of the plate : Negro league baseball's Effa Manley disrupts the American mythology of race and ethnicity, 1897-1948." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5963.
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Imagine for a moment waking up one morning to find that what or with whom you had come to identify racially was built on a foundation of ambiguities, silences, deceptions and sacred secrets. This scenario offers snapshot of Effa Louisa Brooks Manley’s life on the color line. Manley, former co-owner of the Negro League Baseball franchise (1935-1948), the Newark Eagles, disrupts American notions about what it means to be Black or white. A white mother and two black stepfathers raised her with her siblings as a Negro. However, it was not until Manley was a teenager that her mother revealed to her that her biological father also racially identified as white. This study examines the way Effa Manley performed identity at the boundaries of blackness and whiteness from the turn of the 20th century through 1945. I argue that Manley was more than a white woman who simply passed for Black. She reconciled being Black and becoming white, by exploiting the American mythology of race and culturally identified as a Negro. I explore how her self-identification complicates racial and ethnic belonging, by analyzing the identity choices she made while traversing the fault lines of race in her early life as well as the way she performed identity in the interviews she gave before her death in 1981.
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Hancock, Andrew P. "EFFECT OF POST-ACTIVATION POTENTIATION (PAP) ON SWIM SPRINT PERFORMANCE." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1346001907.
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Andersson, Sebastian. "Nycklar till frihet : Hur idrott, jazzmusik och dans påverkade ett afro-amerikanskt identitetsskapande och rasrelationer i USA under åren 1925-1939." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-40603.
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Campbell, James H. "DJANGOS CHAINED: UNDERSTANDING THE NARRATIVES OF AFRICAN AMERICAN MALE STUDENT ATHLETES PARTICIPATING IN DIVISION I BASKETBALL AT PREDOMINANTLY WHITE INSTITUTIONS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1417440509.
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Bosch, Andrew Norman. "A comparative study of acute responses to running in elite black and white marathon athletes." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001839.
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Experienced male marathon runners, 9 black and 10 white, with marathon times of 2 hours 45 minutes or faster, acted as subjects for the study, the purpose of which was to determine whether black runners are better suited to marathon running than whites. Body composition was determined by anthropometry. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂ max) and other physiological variables were measured during a continuous, speed-incremented treadmill protocol using a computer-aided data acquisition system. Subjects also ran a simulated marathon at 92.5% of the running speed at which the ventilatory threshold (VT) occurred. Physiological, gait and RPE variables were measured at 10 minute intervals during the marathon. Major findings are detailed below:- The VO₂, max averaged 60.4 ∓ 6.5 and 63.2 ∓ 2.9 mI. kg⁻¹.min⁻¹ in the black and white runners respectively and was highly correlated with best marathon race time (r = 0.86 and 0.85 respectively) and VT (r = 0.84 and 0.60 respectively) (p < 0.05). No significant differences existed between the groups in submaximal oxygen uptake (VO₂,) or % VO₂ max utilised at 16 km.hr⁻¹, but the estimated % VO₂ max utilised during a marathon race was higher in the black (89.0 ∓ 5.5%) than the white runners (81. 5 ∓ 3.1%) {p .( 0.05). The % VO₂ max utilised at 16 km.hr⁻¹ (84.8 ∓ 9.1 and 78.6 ∓ 5.8% in the black and white runners respectively) was significantly correlated with the % VO₂, max utilised while racing in the white (81.5 ∓ 3.1%) (r = 0.70) (p < 0.05), but not the black runners (89.0 ∓ 5.5%). The VT occurred at 82.7 ∓ 7.7 and 75.6 :∓ 6.2% VO₂; max in the black and white groups respectively (p < 0.05). Post-marathon blood lactic acid levels were lower in the black (1.30 ∓ 0.26 mmo1.l⁻¹) than the white runners (1.59 ∓ 0.20 mmol.l⁻¹). The respiratory exchange ratio (R) was higher in the blacks than whites when running at 16 km.hr ⁻¹ (1.03 ∓ 0.07 and 0.98 ∓ 0.03 respectively) and during the marathon (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in pulmonary minute ventilation (Vı) between the groups, but breathing frequency (f) was higher in the black (59 ∓ 12 breaths.min⁻¹) than the white runners (45 ∓ 8 breaths. min⁻¹ ) and tidal volume (V⊤) lower in the black ( 1.33 ∓ 0.16 l.breath⁻¹) than the white runners (1.75 ∓ 0.36 I.breath⁻¹) during submaximal running at 16 km. hr⁻¹ (p < 0.05). The same trend was observed during the marathon run. During the time-course of the marathon f increased and V⊤ decreased In both groups (p < 0.05). Stroke volume decreased and heart rate increased In both groups during the time-course of the marathon (p< 0.05). Cardiac output was therefore maintained. Thermal responses were similar in the two groups. A significant increase in rectal temperature coincided with a decrease in skin temperature and may have been related to an increase in f (r = 0.86 and 0.67 in the blacks and whites respectively), H/R (r = 0.70 and 0.67 respectively) and "local" (leg) RPE (r = 0.84 and 0.82 respectively). It was concluded that black runners were able to run marathon races at a higher % VO₂ more than whites due to the blacks having lower blood lactic acid levels when running at a similar % VO₂ max. Given similar maximal oxygen uptakes, this would enable blacks to run faster. Cardiopulmonary adjustments occur during the time-course of a marathon which maintains Q and Vı
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Lucas, Samuel John Edwin, and n/a. "Effects of very prolonged and sustained exercise." University of Otago. School of Physical Education, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080716.142609.
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Little is known about the strain and consequences of very prolonged and sustained exercise lasting multiple days. This thesis comprises two multi-day exercise field studies and a 24-h, controlled-trial field/laboratory study. The field studies were undertaken using international adventure races (2003 and 2004 Southern Traverses: 86-120 h) to profile exercise intensity and associated physiological and psychophysical strain, and physical and cognitive performance. The 2003 study showed that exercise intensity (from heart rate range) averaged 64% during the first 12 h, dropped to 41% by 24 h, and remained so thereafter. Body core temperature (gastrointestinal pills), throughout racing (n=8) was relatively stable (min 36.0�C and only briefly >39�C), despite widely varying endogenous and exogenous thermal stress. Blood samples obtained before (n=34), during (n=11) and after (n=34) racing revealed a large plasma volume expansion (24%), with stable [sodium]plasma (n=6). Acute (15-30 h) and chronic (96-120 h) elevation of neutrophil, monocyte and lymphocyte numbers were observed across the race. Standardised exercise tests (rest, 25 and 50% peak power output (PPO)) before and after racing (n=9) revealed an extreme shift toward fat utilisation, consistent with lowered fat mass (11%; n=44) and high [free fatty acids]plasma (up 370%; n=9) at race-finish, although [HAD]muscle was unchanged. Muscle glycogen was only 50% lower post-race (290 nmol�kg⁻�d.w.). Complex cognitive performance (Stroop test) impairment was attenuated during 50% PPO post-race. Perceived exertion uncoupled from HR at standardised workloads. Explosive power (jump test; n=24) and anaerobic power (30-s Wingate; n=27) were modestly (<10%) impacted. Strength reduction of arms (11%) and legs (17%) was equivalent (p=0.17). The 2004 study (n=4) involved dissimilar terrain, vegetation, and sequence of exercise modes, yet the profile of exercise intensity was similar: first 12 h 65%, then 45% by 24 h and thereafter. Thus, athletes reliably attain sustainable, low-to-moderate exercise intensity by 24 h. Plasma volume, neutrophil and monocyte responses were reliable across races, whereas lymphocytes were not. Plasma [IL-6] and [S100β] were elevated, substantially in some individuals (IL-6: 223 pg�mL⁻�; S100β: 113 pg�mL⁻�), during racing. A 24-h adventure race simulation (n=9) was then undertaken to investigate physiological and psychophysical factors influencing exercise intensity, autonomic function and orthostatic tolerance. Tests were at 0, ~7, ~15 and 24 h. The 24-h HR profile matched that observed during racing: first 12 h 58% (including 3-h testing), remainder 41%. The shift toward fat utilisation was almost complete within 7 h, and similar to that following 2003 race. The perceived exertion-to-HR uncoupling was also similar; being complete within 15 h. Plasma [noradrenaline] for rest and 12-km�h⁻� run was elevated post-simulation. Plasma [IL-6] peaked by 7 h, although not as high as field observations. The timeframe of metabolic change and perceived exertion uncoupling coincided with that of pace reduction, and may be important regulatory components of very prolonged exercise intensity. Orthostatic intolerance was evident during the simulation (n=6/9), as was cerebral hypo-perfusion (15 h & 24 h). Autonomic function (baroreflex sensitivity, sympathetic activation, parasympathetic withdrawal) was altered only at 7 h, whereas postural-induced hypotension (via impaired venous response) and hypocapnia were always present.
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Gjörloff, Per M., and Robert Gustafsson. "The Hidden Game : A comparative study on rugby and soccer in modern South African society." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-29236.
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The popular discourse has it that sports take a big part in the everyday life of South Africa. Given its segregated past, we ask the question on how the media discourse were on race, politics and gender during the formative period of circa 1990-1995. Utilizing discourse analysis on newspaper clippings from 1990 to 1995 and 2004 and interviews with players, coaches, administrators and sports activists, we have found that there was indeed a specific white discourse that subjugated the black perspective into the subaltern and formed partnership with the hegemonic traditions of the white apartheid regime.
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Camacho, Benites José Elías. "Autódromo Internacional y Autoclub “La Chutana”: Espacio de desarrollo y difusión del deporte automovilístico." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626042.
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El desarrollo del deporte en la actualidad es una necesidad inherente en las diferentes naciones y, además, es parte del cimiento de su potencial humano. Este potencial está afectado en el Perú, sobre todo por sus diversos problemas políticos y socioeconómicos que se expresa notoriamente en los resultados como una sociedad no cohesionada y con diferentes puntos de vista muy egocentristas. La estructura de este trabajo está comprendida en cuatro partes fundamentales: la introducción y conceptualización del tema de trabajo, en este caso el autódromo como medio de solución a un problema; la historia y desarrollo actual del tema en el contexto actual peruano; la aplicación y versión personal de la solución por medio de un proyecto arquitectónico; y, por último, los beneficios y características de este proyecto sobre una base personal hipotética. La idea central del proyecto repercute en justamente la idealización de un proyecto arquitectónico deportivo y la mejora de la imagen pública, urbanísticas y social del lugar. El autódromo internacional como proyecto estará acompañado con actividades secundarias como sala de juegos y un museo organizados entorno a una plaza central con un anfiteatro abierto al público.
En conclusión, la realización de este proyecto reúne las características necesarias para brindarle al lugar y al entorno un espacio de desarrollo deportivo de alto nivel y un lugar de entretenimiento y fomentación del deporte automovilístico, objetivo por el cual se trazó en un inicio. Con los espacios y ambientes necesarios las funciones del público como del sector privado fluyen adecuadamente sobre el proyecto creando así una coexistencia entre el usuario y el edifico.<br>The advancement and expansion of sport today is an inherent need in different nations and, moreover, is part of the foundation of its human potential. This potential is affected in Peru, especially because of its various political and socioeconomic issues, which is clearly expressed in the results as a non-cohesive society with very different egocentric points of view. The structure of this work is mainly composed of four fundamental parts: the introduction and conceptualization of the topic of work, in this case the race circuit as a mean of solving a problem; the history and current development of the subject in the current Peruvian context; the application and personal interpretation of the solution through an architectural project; and, finally, the benefits and characteristics of this project on a hypothetical personal basis. The essential idea of the project is precisely the idealization of an architectural sports project and the improvement of the public, urban and social image of the area. The international circuit as a project will be accompanied by extra activities such as game rooms and an automobile museum organized around a central square with an amphitheater open to the public.
In conclusion, the realization of this project has the necessary characteristics to provide the place and the surroundings with a space for high-level sports development and a place for entertainment and promotion of the sport of cars, an objective for which it was initially designed. With the necessary spaces and areas, the role of the public and the private sector will flow properly on the project, creating a coexistence between the user and the building.<br>Tesis
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Nzindukiyimana, Ornella. "Vers une histoire sociale des Noirs en natation au Canada (1900-1970)." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30333.
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Cette étude explore l’étendue de la pratique de natation parmi les Noirs au Canada à l’aide de sources d’archives primaires et secondaires. Ceci vise à vérifier si la « théorie » de l’incapacité des Noirs à nager que l’on retrouve aux États-Unis fut aussi véhiculée au Canada. La période d’étude de notre recherche s’étend des années 1900 à l’année 1970, période durant laquelle la natation s’est développée. Ce travail avait également comme but d’explorer les relations raciales en natation au Canada en analysant l’expérience parmi les Noirs dans ce sport. Pour ce faire, la pratique de la natation est examinée dans le cadre de la critical race theory. Durant cette analyse, deux thèmes en lien avec la théorie et la littérature sont ressortis de l’information recueillie des archives. Ils concernent le privilège blanc en natation et le lien entre la natation et la Condition Blanche (Whiteness) de tradition britannique impériale.
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Zhang, Xin. "An investigation of the management and socio-economic impacts of the 2006 Old Mutual Two Oceans Marathon." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1602.
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Thesis (MTech (Tourism and Hospitality Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007.<br>South Africa is a fast growing and developing sport tourism destination and has hosted
various international sport tourism events. With specific reference to the 2006 Old Mutual
Two Oceans Marathon (OMTOM), which is considered one the most beautiful marathons in
the world, this study focuses on different stakeholders' perceptions concerning the
management and socio-economic impacts of sport tourism events.
Questionnaire surveys for spectators (n=200), participants (n=200) and residents (n=400), as
well as key informant interviews for established businesses (n=20), stallholders/exhibitors
(n=20), sponsors (n=4), the event organiser (n=1) and the destination marketing organisation
(n=1), were designed specifically for this study. Spatially-based random sampling for
spectators and participants, was implemented, while purposive sampling for residents,
stallholders/exhibitors, established businesses, sponsors, the event organiser and CTRU,
were adopted to collect data. Volume counts were undertaken to estimate the number of
spectators, while the number of participants was provided by the event organisers.
The direct economic impact of the total of the event's contribution to the local economy was
ascertained by utilising spending patterns of the spectators and participants. The
contribution of the event to the local economy is estimated at R44.7 million, which is relatively
significant. The event is diverse in terms of spectators and participants. The stakeholders
were generally satisfied with the event organisation. Engendering community pride, utilising
a sport tourism event as a regional showcase and providing economic opportunities for local
businesses in terms of leveraging opportunities, were key benefits for local businesses and
residents in close proximity to the race route. However, problems such as traffic congestion
and insufficient parking were raised by all stakeholders and there is still room for improvement
in this area as well as the management on the day of the event.
The study reveals that there is a greater need to consider attendees' motivations, spending
patterns, perceptions and altitudes, demographic profiles, the dire need for community
involvement, as well as current and possible event leveraging opportunities for local
businesses to enhance the management and positive impacts of sport tourism events.
Furthermore, this study also provides holistic information to manage sport tourism events and
to retain standard service quality, fulfil customer satisfaction and generate more economic,
socio-cultural benefits for the tourist destination in a sustainable manner. Stakeholders can
share information, which would improve relevant performance problems in the sport tourism
event industry, moreover, effectively make management decisions and assess the
socio-economic impacts of sport tourism events.
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Furrow, Ashley D. "Race and Gender Bias in Editorial and Advertising Photographs and in Sources in Sports Illustrated Kids, 2000-2009." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1288385066.
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Meyer, Peter. "Do NBA Fans Discriminate Against Race Or Nationality?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/258.
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Previous work found evidence that the racial composition of NBA teams was positively correlated with the racial composition of their metropolitan market areas during the 1990s. This paper finds continued evidence of this relationship in the 2000s, with an accompanying attendance boost from the incorporation of white players on teams located in whiter areas. There is also evidence that white players receive a salary premium relative to black players of equal performance quality. An examination of player performance indicates that demand for foreign players with the skill set of a forward or center is higher than demand for players of equal quality from the U.S. However, an analysis of salary discrimination related to foreign players produced no conclusive evidence.
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Goodrid, Matthew Charles. "Racial Complexities of Outdoor Spaces: An Analysis of African American’s Lived Experiences in Outdoor Recreation." Scholarly Commons, 2018. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3121.
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This thesis examines the racial power imbalances that exists within the outdoor recreation industry. Despite participation rates being quantified, limited research explores the lived experiences and perspective of people of color. In this study, I explore the socio-historical development of outdoor recreational spaces, existing environmental habitus and African Americans lived experiences in outdoor recreation. To emphasize the voice of the participants, twelve African American millennials were interviewed. Questions in the interviews revolved around their perception of outdoor recreation and personal experiences while participating in outdoor recreation. Three overarching themes emerged from their stories, i) the typology of outdoor recreation, ii) outdoor recreation as a White activity and, iii) the role of environmental trauma. Upon exploring these themes, the conclusion was made that the participants did connect the socio-historical development of outdoor recreational spaces, existing environmental habitus and their lived experiences in outdoor recreation. Their connection led me to the conclusion that the low participation rates of African Americans in outdoor recreation is a complicated social phenomena that is connected to multiple facets of oppression. I then broke these facets of oppression into three tiers, i), the construction and maintenance of outdoor recreation as a White activity, and the Whiteness that is embedded deeply within the outdoor recreation configuration, ii), the history of financial and economic marginalization that communities of color have endured in the United States and iii), the environmental trauma that African Americans have experienced in outdoor settings throughout American history. These three tiers together make the participation in outdoor recreation a different and complicated experience for African Americans.
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Samad, Moetiz Yasser. "The Recruitment of Black Student-Athletes by White Head Coaches at Predominately White Institutions." The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1613650597575656.
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Brown, Andrew D. "DRAFTING INTO MANHOOD: BLACK NFL DRAFT PROSPECTS' CONCEPTIONS OF MANHOOD AND IDEAS OF PLAYING IN THE NFL." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/311055.
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African American Studies<br>Ph.D.<br>This dissertation examines how manhood is conceptualized by Black National Football League (NFL) prospects and explores how their characterizations of manhood are associated with their desire to become NFL players. This mixed-method study uses data collected by interviewing and surveying fifteen Black NFL draft prospects who were or would be eligible for the NFL draft between 2005-2016. The data are supplemented with existing literature and analyzed using the "Utamaduni Bwana" table of African cultural manhood in order to (1) culturally locate participants' conceptions of manhood, (2) identify the African elements within their conceptions of manhood, and (3) highlight the agency within their responses. In essence, this dissertation explores the significance of the NFL draft and the influence of colonization on Black NFL prospects' conceptions of manhood. This study found that Black NFL prospects' desire to reach the NFL is heavily associated with their attempt to reach manhood. The characteristics most commonly found in the participants' conceptions of manhood are strength, independence, and financial success; and their perceptions of NFL players contain hyper-expressions of these same characteristics. In addition, Black NFL prospects' conceptualization of manhood contain both African cultural elements and, as a result of colonization, hegemonic Western cultural elements. This dissertation makes an important contribution to sporting and gender literature by using an Afrocentric methodology to push beyond the normative investigation of Black-male athletes' identity and sporting goals. This study offers new and culturally appropriate questions regarding race, gender, and sports.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Norberg, Jaclyn D. "Biomechanical Analysis of Race Walking Compared to Normal Walking and Running Gait." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/khp_etds/20.
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Human locomotion is phenomenon that is extraordinarily complex. It is evident that a complete description of locomotion involves consideration of kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity of the extremities in all of their various movements. Race walking (RW) is a form of upright locomotion that differs from normal walking and running by its form dictated by the International Amateur Athletics Federation (IAAF). Despite the similarities to both normal walking (NW) and running (RU), RW has not been the subject of equally intensive investigations.
This study explores the comprehensive biomechanics of race walking and how it compares to NW and RU. A quantitative approach was used to evaluate kinematic, kinetic and muscle activity variables between race walking and both normal walking and running. A cross-sectional, laboratory design was used on 15 recreationally competitive race walkers to evaluate these variables.
Based on the results of this study, RW is an intermediate gait between NW and RU that has characteristics of both gaits, but is still a unique gait in itself. While there are differences between RW and both RU and NW, some of the expected differences between RW and the two gaits did not occur. Significantly greater frontal plane pelvis-trunk joint range of motion and sagittal plane peak hip flexor and extensor moments, hip joint range of motion and rectus femoris muscle activity contribute to the significant differences in both RW and NW, and RW and RU.
Significant differences between RW and RU showed that RU requires more contribution from the trunk, pelvis and lower extremities kinematically and kinetically, as well as increased muscle activation, to execute the motion than RW. Conversely, RW requires more contribution from these variables than NW does, but in not as great a capacity as RU compared to RW. In spite of these findings, there were some variables that had no significant differences between RW and RU. This suggests that injuries during RW are similar to those during RU, but may not occur as frequently.
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Depecker, Marianne. "Méthodologie et interprétation cytologique du lavage bronchoalvéolaire chez le cheval Trotteur Français : prévalence des affections respiratoires profondes et association avec les performances." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT067F.
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La maladie inflammatoire des voies respiratoires profondes (MIVRP) et l’hémorragie pulmonaire induite à l’exercice (HPIE) sont des causes fréquentes de contre-performance chez les chevaux. Le lavage bronchoalvéolaire (LBA) est un outil diagnostique sensible ; cependant, les multiples possibilités de réalisation ont un impact incertain sur l’interprétation, et les valeurs seuils de pourcentages cellulaires ne sont pas consensuelles. Les objectifs du projet étaient de 1. Déterminer l’influence de la méthodologie du LBA et des critères diagnostiques utilisés sur les profils cytologiques et le diagnostic posé, 2. Déterminer la prévalence, l’association avec les performances et l’incidence de l’HPIE et la MIVRP sur une population de Trotteurs Français à l’entraînement. Deux études prospectives (138 et 30 chevaux) et une étude longitudinale (15 chevaux) ont été réalisées. Le volume instillé pour le LBA influe significativement sur les proportions de neutrophiles. Les profils cytologiques (MIVRP et HPIE) ne sont pas équivalents entre les poumons et des seuils restreints pour la MIVRP augmentent le risque d’erreur diagnostique si un seul poumon est prélevé. Une valeur seuil pour le dianostique cytologique d’HPIE a également été validée. La prévalence de l’HPIE est de 37% et n’a pas d’impact sur les performances dans la population étudiée. La MIVRP concerne 57 à 94 % des chevaux selon les seuils cytologiques utilisés, avec un taux de neutrophiles >10% significativement augmenté au cours de la saison, contrairement à celle de la MIVRP, justifiant la pertinence du suivi longitudinal.
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Gray, Jezy J. "Underground Men: Alternative Masculinities and the Politics of Performance in African American Literature and Culture." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500123/.
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This study explores intersections between performance, race and masculinity within a variety of expressive cultural contexts during and after the African American Civil Rights Movement. I maintain that the work of James Baldwin is best situated to help us navigate this cross section, as his fiction and cultural criticism focus heavily on the stage in all its incarnations as a space for negotiating the possibilities and limits of expressive culture in combating harmful racial narratives imposed upon black men in America. My thesis begins with a close reading of the performers populating his story collection Going to Meet the Man (1965) before broadening my scope in the following chapters to include analyses of the diametric masculinities in the world of professional boxing and the black roots of the American punk movement. Engaging with theorists like Judith Butler, bell hooks and Paul Gilroy, Underground Men attempts to put these seemingly disparate corners of American life into a dynamic conversation that broadens our understanding through a novel application of critical race, gender and performance theories. Baldwin and his orbiting criticism remain the hub of my investigation throughout, and I use his template of black genius performance outlined in works like Tell Me How Long the Train’s Been Gone (1967) and Just Above My Head (1977) to aid our understanding of how performance prescribes and scrambles dominant narratives about black men after the sexual revolution.
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Williams, Claire Marie. "“The Rise of Skirt Culture”: A Multi-Faceted Analysis of Running Skirts and the Skirt Chaser 5k Race Series." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1280789526.
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Kyeremeh, Sandra Agyei. "Il genere e il colore dello sport italiano. Una ricerca etnografica tra atlete con e senza origini straniere." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423143.
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Through my Phd research I aim to explore the power relations that take place within a gendered and racialized space such as sport. In this work I focus on female athletes with or without foreign origins that play sport at high levels in the Italian field, although they are not recognized as professional athletes by Italian sport federations. In particular, in my research, I concentrate on “de facto professional athletes” which play sport in those spaces that are considered male domain, such as football, cricket and athletics.
Those contexts allow me to analyze the practices thought which Italian sporting bodies and the athletes themselves produce gender in the sporting fields. On the one hand, drawing on intersectional approach and Critical Race Theory I aim to explore their everyday lived experiences as race, gender, class and sexuality interrelated outcomes (Collins 2015: 7), on the other hand I focus on Butler’s gender performativity concept (1990), I investigate on the everyday practices adopted by female athletes in order to “do their gender” and to negotiate hegemonic masculinity and femininity models.
In my research I also explore the practices through which race is constructed in sport by female athletes and Italian sporting institutions. In those contexts, I also analyze how ideas about “Italiali-ness” are constructed by the above mentioned subject.
Through my work I also investigate about form of resistance put in action by female athletes to resist and negotiate both hegemonic female and male models and Italian sporting institutions’ ideas about “race” and “Italianness”.
In my research I adopt qualitative methodology including participant observations, focus group and interviews (Cardano 2003: 77-80; Gratton e Jones 2010: 119-120; 197).<br>Con la mia ricerca intendo indagare circa le relazioni di potere presenti all’interno di uno spazio genderizzato e razzializzato come lo sport. Nel mio lavoro pongo l’attenzione sulle atlete con e senza origini straniere che giocano ad alti livelli nei contesti sportivi italiani, nonostante non sia riconosciute come atlete professioniste da parte delle federazioni sportive nazionali. In particolare mi concentro sulle atlete “professioniste di fatto” che praticano sport in quegli ambiti sportivi che vengono considerati di dominio maschile come il calcio, il cricket e l’atletica leggera. Questi contesti mi permettono di analizzare le pratiche attraverso le quali le istituzioni sportive italiane e le atlete stesse producono il genere nei campi sportivi. Da un lato, partendo da un approccio intersezionale e dalla Critical Race Theory, esploro quali sono gli esiti dell’intersezione tra “race”, genere, classe e sessualità nello esperienze di vita quotidiane delle atlete (Collins 2015: 7), dall’altro lato partendo dal concetto di Butler (1990) sulla performatività del genere, indago circa le pratiche quotidiane adottate dalle atlete connesse al “fare il loro genere” e alla negoziazione dei modelli egemonici di mascolinità e di femminilità.
Nella mia ricerca indago anche sulle pratiche attraverso le quali le atlete e le istituzioni sportive italiane costruiscono “la race”. In tali contesti mi concentro su come le rappresentazioni circa l’italianità vengono costruite dai soggetti sopraccitati.
Inoltre, attraverso il mio lavoro, indago anche circa le forme di resistenza messe in atto dalle atlete per resistere e negoziare sia i modelli egemonici di femminilità e di mascolinità sia le idee delle istituzioni sportive italiane circa la “race” e l’italianità.
Nella mia ricerca adotto una metodologia qualitativa facendo ricorso ad osservazioni partecipanti, focus group ed interviste (Cardano 2003: 77-80; Gratton e Jones 2010: 119-120; 197).
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Barnwell, Allison M. "Summiting in the Last Wilderness: A Cultural and Environmental History of Mountaineering in Alaska." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/858.
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Mountaineering is not typically considered an academic subject. Nor is there much scholarship on the sport, let alone its history in the state with the smallest population, Alaska. Yet through analysis of the sport, deeper connections in the relationship between humans and the environment, the history of colonizing both indigenous peoples and land, and the place of gender and sport in Alaska come to light. Mountaineers that traveled to Alaska in the late 19th century and early 20th century were some of the first advocates for protecting its land, yet also displayed their imperialist and masculine values in the mountains. The effects of these approaches to climbing structurally excluded women and furthered the project of colonizing the land by both physically and metaphorically claiming the peaks of mountains for the nation. Their climbing also contributed to the idea that humans conquered nature; by dominating the peaks these climbers saw themselves in a battle with nature, and reaching the summit was their victory. As World War II hit Alaska, new approaches to climbing surfaced, reflecting both the spirit of war time in Alaska and the resulting population boom. Organized through the branches of climbing and environmental clubs, women began to participate with a distinctly female culture of climbing. Women sometimes expressed views of the union between humans and nature, and men also organized as environmental protectors due to their experiences in the mountains. Yet as this thesis will point out, in viewing nature and humans as separate mountaineers encouraged the view that Alaska and its land were a wilderness resource for recreation, rather than a land to act in community towards. This thesis attempts to complicate the sport of mountaineering, documenting the ways people climbed and the different meanings they embedded in their climbing activity.
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Hairston, Dorian. "PRETEND THE BALL IS NAMED JIM CROW." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/english_etds/78.
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The poems that form this collection titled, Pretend the Ball is Named Jim Crow, are written in the persona of Negro League Baseball’s Josh Gibson (1911-1947) and those closest to him. Gibson is credited with hitting over 800 home runs in his career and was the first Negro League Baseball Player to be inducted into Major League Baseball’s Hall of Fame without ever playing an inning of Major League Baseball.