Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Radio broadcasting aspects'

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-07-05T12:41:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Edney Mota Almeida.pdf: 9306977 bytes, checksum: a1572446ffcb3e4b0d97777a5a471a75 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-05T12:41:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edney Mota Almeida.pdf: 9306977 bytes, checksum: a1572446ffcb3e4b0d97777a5a471a75 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-23<br>Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq<br>In the context in which Brazil is one of the countries that does not present a fair regulation for the broadcasting, this doctoral research seeks to study a community radio, investigating its potential for the social, cultural, political and economic democratization processes with its residents and, moreover, as a mediator in the struggle for the implementation of public politics aimed at improving living conditions in the favela. Thus, it is sought to examine why these radios live precariously, suffer discrimination and criminalization, to the point of being persecuted by the Brazilian Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters (Abert) and by state agencies, such as Anatel and even the Federal Police. In this sense, in light of the legislation, the problems and challenges of this communication as a democratic possibility in the country are analyzed. It is the large groups of broadcasting prevent, through the supremacy in the correlation of installed forces, above all, in the National Congress, as well as through the legislation of the broadcasting, the growth and the development of the community radios, relegating them to the condition of inferiority. Finally, supported by in-depth interviews with: announcers and directors of the community radio stations Heliopolis and Paraisópolis; representatives of entities that defend the right to communication; and professors and researchers of the area, it was tried to identify the vicissitudes in the system of broadcasting that accompanied the crises of the Brazilian democracy itself. As an auxiliary resource of the research, besides the interviews, a study of documentary sources was carried out. Because it is a multidisciplinary subject, the theoretical framework permeates several fields of knowledge, especially the areas of communication, urban sociology and legislation pertaining to public policies<br>No contexto em que o Brasil figura como um dos países que não apresenta uma regulamentação equitativa para os veículos de radiodifusão, esta pesquisa de doutorado busca estudar a importância da rádio comunitária, averiguando o seu potencial para os processos de democratização social, cultural, política, econômica junto à população de favela, além disso, como mediadora na luta por implementação de políticas públicas voltadas à melhoria das condições de vida das pessoas. Dessa forma, intenta-se perscrutar o porquê dessas rádios viverem precarizadas, sofrerem discriminação e criminalização, a ponto de serem perseguidas pela Associação Brasileira de Emissoras de Rádio e Televisão (Abert) e pelos órgãos do Estado, como Anatel e até a Polícia Federal. Nesse sentido, são analisados, à luz da legislação, os problemas e desafios desse modelo de comunicação como possibilidade democrática no país. Sustenta-se, hipoteticamente, que, os grandes grupos de radiodifusão impedem politicamente, por meio da supremacia na correlação de forças instaladas, sobretudo, no Congresso Nacional, bem como por meio da legislação da radiodifusão, o crescimento e o desenvolvimento das rádios comunitárias, relegando-as à condição de inferioridade. Por fim, apoiado nas entrevistas em profundidade com: locutores e dirigentes das rádios comunitárias Heliópolis e Paraisópolis; representantes de entidades que defendem o direito à comunicação; e professores e pesquisadores da área, procurou-se identificar as vicissitudes no sistema de radiodifusão que acompanharam as crises da própria democracia brasileira. Como recurso auxiliar de pesquisa, além das entrevistas, foi realizado estudo de fontes documentais. Por se tratar de tema multidisciplinar, o referencial teórico perpassa diversos campos do conhecimento, sobretudo as áreas da comunicação, da sociologia urbana e da legislação pertencente às políticas públicas

This study analyses Uganda’s 2004 Broadcast Policy in light of the WSIS principles in order to establish whether the policy enables radio to build an inclusive and people-centred Information Society, and if so, in what ways it does this. The study specifically focuses on radio, which it views as the dominant medium in Uganda, and therefore the medium with the greatest potential to build a sustainable Information Society in the country. The study is informed by media policy theories as well as Information Society theories. It is argued that although most definitions of the Information Society consider the newer ICTs, especially the Internet, as the key drivers in the Information Society, most developing countries like Uganda are far from reaching the desired level of computer and Internet access as proposed by some Information Society theorists. Instead, most people in Uganda rely heavily on older ICTs, especially radio, for information about key issues in their daily lives. Inevitably, radio ends up being a key player in building the Information Society in these countries. The study, therefore, finds most of the common Information Society theories lacking and adopts the WSIS definition, which is more relevant to Uganda’s situation. This study also maintains that if radio is to be a key player in building an inclusive and people-centred Information Society in Uganda, the 2004 Broadcast Policy has to create that enabling environment, by, for example, promoting public service radio through local content programming, and diversifying radio ownership. The data for this study was obtained using the qualitative research approach, and specifically the research tools of document analysis and individual in-depth interviews. The findings indicate that the policy’s emphasis is on building a broadcast sector that addresses the public’s interests through local content programming and provision of diversified media services. However, the study also found that the policy is vague on some very crucial aspects, which would benefit the public, namely, local content quotas and the independence of the public service broadcaster.

Community radio typically relies on volunteers to produce and present stations’ programming. Volunteers are generally drawn from stations’ target communities and are seen as “representatives” of those communities. It is with such volunteers and their role as representatives of stations’ target communities that this study is concerned. It poses the question: “what are the central concepts that typically inform volunteers’ knowledge of their target community, and how do these concepts impact on their perception of how they have gained this knowledge, and how they justify their role as representatives of this community?” The dissertation teases out the implications of these conceptualisations for a volunteer team’s ability to contribute to the establishment of a media environment that operates as a Habermasian ‘critical public sphere’. It argues that this can only be achieved if volunteers have detailed and in-depth knowledge of their target community. In order to acquire this knowledge, volunteers should make use of systematic ways of learning about the community, rather than relying solely on knowledge obtained by living there. In a case study of Katutura Community Radio (KCR), one of the bestknown community radio stations in Namibia, the study identifies key differences in the way in which different groups of volunteers conceptualise “the community”. The study focuses, in particular, on such difference as it applies to those who are volunteers in their personal capacity and those who represent non-governmental and community-based organisations at the station. It is argued that two strategies would lead to significant improvement in such a station’s ability to serve as a public sphere. Firstly, the station would benefit from an approach in which different sections of the volunteer team share knowledge of the target community with each other. Secondly, volunteers should undertake further systematic research into their target community. It is also argued that in order to facilitate such processes, radio stations such as KCR should recognise the inevitability of differences between different versions of “community knowledge”.

The study examined how the introduction of high-speed internet into a rural community affected audience members' use of their local radio station. A qualitative case study was guided by uses and gratifications and niche theory. The author conducted interviews with KMMR FM audience members in Malta, Montana, to investigate how the introduction of high-speed internet impacted listener habits. Twenty participants who either listened to or produced content for KMMR FM were interviewed. The author performed a thematic analysis of different uses for the radio guided by typologies created by Rubin (1983), Palmgreen and Rayburn (1979), and Katz, Haas, and Gurevitch (1973). The results showed the internet and the radio gratify different needs for audience members: radio was used the most for local information and the internet for more specialized needs that could not be met by the radio. The findings also showed that the radio is important in fostering a sense of social cohesion within the community

This thesis deals with the introduction of participatory research methods to programming staff working at Radio KC, a South African community radio station based in Paarl, in the Western Cape province. The focus is on a series of workshops conducted at the station, dealing with research tools developed to enable station workers to undertake research of their community. The aim was to determine, by means ofa case study, whether the introduction of participatory research methods could improve the ability of community broadcasters to facilitate democratic participation among the communities in which they operate. More particularly, the thesis assesses whether the application of such methods has improved the ability of the programming staff that were involved in this case study to identify a wider range of stories and voices within their target community, for inclusion in programming content. The participatory research techniques that are applied at the radio station are based on ideas in 'civic mapping' developed by Harwood and McCrehan (1996) under the auspices of The Pew Center for Civic Journalism, and supplemented by insights from Friedland (2001) and Downs and Stea (1977) about the cognitive, normative and imagined dimensions of community. All of the ideas and techniques were adapted for the South African situation. The findings of the research project illustrate that for community stations, the key concepts of 'community' and 'participation' are highly complex ones and that stations need assistance to apply these concepts in their everyday practice. The account of the intervention at Radio KC shows that the process did indeed assist the individual research participants to better deal with the application of these concepts. It did not, however, make much impact on the station as a whole. Reasons for this are believed to lie in the organisational dynamics of the station, and the fact that the model as applied in this case did not provide a means for tackling the agendas, investments and power relations that define the activities of individuals at a given community radio station - what Hochheimer (1993) talks about as the entrenchment of power and personalities. In order to address these shortcomings, an attempt is made to develop a model for future application, which places the mapping process within the context of a broader strategic planning process, focussed on a station's programming schedule.

This research study investigates Lotus FM, as one of many South African Media components that are catering for one specific cultural or religious group. The investigation explores the implications of practice of a pecific media component that caters for specific cultural or religious groups operating in a post-apartheid South Africa. After the end of the apartheid era in South Africa, a number of South African media components have proclaimed their commitment to reconciliation and nation building within South Africa by attempting to unite audiences. The South African Broadcasting Corporation, which held the monopoly on South African Broadcasting for decades, has promulgated the notion of the rainbow nation to audiences in South Africa. Since 1994, sub-components of the different South African media segments were developed to cater for specific ethnic or cultural groups by the station managements. This was aimed at reversing the effects of pre-1994 media that catered for the former ruling minority only or ethnic groups that were categorized by the former political dispensation. It is possible, however, that this has resulted in a renewed and continued separation of interest groups present in South Africa today.

The state of the environment is increasingly present as an urgent concern for contemporary political, social, cultural and physical life. Yet the roles of the mass media (radio, television and newspapers) in shaping and influencing crucial public awareness, debates and environmental decision-making remain inadequately understood. Positioned as a critical studies inquiry into media representations and audience reception, this study forms part of a wider project amongst media scholars and culture critics on the relationship between media textual production and consumption. It explores how one radio station in Uganda, Central Broadcasting Service (CBS) radio, represents and constructs the environmental crises faced by Lake Victoria, especially pollution and overfishing. The focus is on the Victoria Voice radio documentaries aired on CBS radio in the year 2005. The study further explores how three lakeside communities negotiate these issues as radio broadcasts. It recognises that while the mass media contribute significantly to creating public awareness about such social concerns, their likelihood of having a direct and predictable impact on social behaviour is slight. The context and the lived experiences at the reception stage where the decisions are made on whether to adopt an innovation are ultimately the factors which impact on how they are negotiated. The thesis is informed by the theoretical and analytical framework of Cultural Studies as well as the Participatory Approach to Communication for Development perspectives. The study is specifically informed by the theories of ‘discourse’ (Foucault, 1980a, 1981) and the ‘circuit of culture’ (du Gay et al., 1997 and Johnson, 1987) and these provided the conceptual framework for investigating the representations, the production and the consumption of media texts. Predominantly qualitative methods have been employed in data collection and analysis. In the first place, a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) (Fairclough, 1995a, 1995c) of the radio texts has interrogated the discourses and discursive practices of CBS’ Victoria Voice environmental radio programmes in order to consider its representations of particular issues and consequently the discourses it privileged. Qualitative methods of participant observation, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were deployed to investigate the negotiation of the texts by the lakeside communities. This research establishes that the Victoria Voice radio texts foreground three contesting types of discourses: the discourse of basic economic survival and livelihoods is articulated largely by the ordinary people, the lakeside communities; the discourse of sustainable development, particularly the protection and sustainability of Lake Victoria, by scientists and environmental experts; and the discourse of modernisation and corporate investment by politicians and/or policy makers and industrialists. The texts, to a large degree, reaffirm the hegemonic relations of power in Ugandan society, and thus contribute to the maintenance of the status quo. The selection of an elite category of informers (scientists, experts, politicians, policy makers) serves to marginalise the less powerful ordinary people (the fisher folk, farmers and other eyewitnesses). The construction of the elite as active and speaking subjects within the various debates introduced in these programmes, for example, works both to obscure and endorse the unequal power relations. At the reception side, while the lakeside communities attest to the relevance of the programmes in providing information on the issues concerning Lake Victoria and other aspects of their livelihood, they also recognise the power relations that underpin the sets of representations. Amongst these sets is government’s complicity with industry, in line with their economic policies and the global capitalist economy, while espousing the rhetoric of nature conservation. The study argues that sustainable solutions for the crises on Lake Victoria should take into account the socio-historical and cultural contexts of the lakeside communities. For the Ugandan media, particularly radio, there is a need to rethink the nature of the coverage, which tends to neglect the contextual factors, such as local socio-economic and cultural factors within which environmental issues and problems occur and which, as this thesis establishes, greatly influences the way people make sense of environmental issues and problems. I posit that the Participatory Approach that seeks to address the communities’ most pressing concerns should be adopted – to include more of the communities’ voices and involve them in the production of radio programmes.

This study sets out to investigate Lunchtime Live, a twice-weekly, one-hour long current affairs show broadcast on a small community radio station, Radio Grahamstown, to understand its role in the local public sphere, and its value in helping civil society’s understanding of and involvement in the power structures and political activities in Grahamstown. Lunchtime Live seeks to cultivate a collective identity and promote public participation in the public affairs of Grahamstown. As a key avenue of investigation, this study seeks to test theory against practice, by evaluating Lunchtime Live’s aspirations against the audiences’ perception of it. This investigation uses qualitative content analysis of selected episodes of recorded transcripts of the shows that aired between August 2010 and March 2011, together with the audiences’ verbalised experiences of this programme through focus group discussions. The study principally uses qualitative research informed by reception theory. The research reveals three key findings. First, that resonance rather than resistance is the more dominant ‘stance’ or ‘attitude’ towards the content of Lunchtime Live. Residents interviewed agreed that the programme is able to give a “realistic” representation of their worldview, and thus is able to articulate issues that affect their lives. Second, that whilst the programme is helping establish links between members of the civil society as well as between civil society and their political representatives, residents feel that local democracy is failing to bring qualitative improvements to their everyday lives and that more ‘participation’ is unlikely to change this. Most respondents blame this on a lack of political will, incompetence, corruption and populist rhetoric by politicians who fail to deliver on the mantra of ‘a better life for all’ in the socioeconomic sphere. The study finds a scepticism and even cynicism that participatory media seems to be able to do little to dilute. Thirdly, in spite of the largely positive view about Lunchtime Live’s capacity to be a platform for public engagement, its participatory potential is structurally constrained by the material privations of most of its listeners. Given that in order to participate in talk shows and discussions audience members have to phone in, economic deprivation often precludes this. It is clear from this research that despite shows such as Lunchtime Live that are exploring new techniques of popular involvement, the voice of the ordinary people still struggles to be heard.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:51:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 patrizzijunior_ca_me_.pdf: 877135 bytes, checksum: 4b6629ed806a6aa8f8f4f5c11241afd6 (MD5)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>Apresenta-se um levantamento do macro-ambiente do município de Araçatuba para verificar se há viabilidade para a instalação de uma rádio universitária educativa em seu perímetro. Parte-se de uma visão histórica da radiodifusão educativa em território nacional, incluindo o trajeto realizado pelas emissoras universitárias em nosso país. O trabalho também analisa a legislação brasileira vigente, fornecendo um panorama operacional dos instrumentos legais existentes na atualidade. Destaca-se ainda o caminho da radiodifusão educativa em São Paulo de sua gênese até os dias atuais, apontando os percalços e as diferenças ocorridas entre o desenvolvimento das rádios educativas entre este estado da federação e o restante do país, para enfim realizar uma análise dos aspectos econômicos, políticos, sociais e legais pelas quais poderia passar a edificação de uma emissora com fins pedagógicos nesta cidade.<br>It is a study of the macro-atmosphere of the city of Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil to verify if there is viability for the installation of a radio educational university. It starts with an historical insight into educational broadcasting in Brazil, including their progress. The thesis also analyzes the current Brazilian law, there by giving a panoramic view of the current legal process required. It also highlights the progress of educational broadcasting in the state of São Paulo from its beginning until now, pointing out the difficulties and differences between the development of this educational radio and to those of the rest of the country. In conclusion, the thesis covers an analysis of the economical, political, social and legal aspects required for the construction of a broadcasting station with educational objectives in Araçatuba.

Orientador: Antonio Carlos de Jesus<br>Banca: Juliano Maurício de Carvalho<br>Banca: Terezinha Fortes Mestrinelli<br>Resumo: Apresenta-se um levantamento do macro-ambiente do município de Araçatuba para verificar se há viabilidade para a instalação de uma rádio universitária educativa em seu perímetro. Parte-se de uma visão histórica da radiodifusão educativa em território nacional, incluindo o trajeto realizado pelas emissoras universitárias em nosso país. O trabalho também analisa a legislação brasileira vigente, fornecendo um panorama operacional dos instrumentos legais existentes na atualidade. Destaca-se ainda o caminho da radiodifusão educativa em São Paulo de sua gênese até os dias atuais, apontando os percalços e as diferenças ocorridas entre o desenvolvimento das rádios educativas entre este estado da federação e o restante do país, para enfim realizar uma análise dos aspectos econômicos, políticos, sociais e legais pelas quais poderia passar a edificação de uma emissora com fins pedagógicos nesta cidade.<br>Abstract: It is a study of the macro-atmosphere of the city of Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil to verify if there is viability for the installation of a radio educational university. It starts with an historical insight into educational broadcasting in Brazil, including their progress. The thesis also analyzes the current Brazilian law, there by giving a panoramic view of the current legal process required. It also highlights the progress of educational broadcasting in the state of São Paulo from its beginning until now, pointing out the difficulties and differences between the development of this educational radio and to those of the rest of the country. In conclusion, the thesis covers an analysis of the economical, political, social and legal aspects required for the construction of a broadcasting station with educational objectives in Araçatuba.<br>Mestre

Diariamente uma batalha de grandes dimensões é travada em cidades espalhadas por todo o Brasil envolvendo, de um lado, milhares de estações de radiodifusão que operam clandestinamente (Rádios Piratas) e, de outro, órgãos responsáveis pela fiscalização e repressão da atividade ilegal. Os equipamentos irregularmente instalados, apreendidos nessas estações, são enviados aos laboratórios da criminalística para que sejam efetuados exames periciais, cumprindo o rito legal. Neste trabalho são abordados os aspectos forenses e periciais relativos ao tema realizando-se ainda uma análise técnica dos transmissores apreendidos pela Polícia Federal na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo quanto às suas características construtivas, potência e frequência permitindo uma avaliação quanto à potencialidade lesiva destes equipamentos, tomando como base informações extraídas de seiscentos e sessenta exames periciais do Departamento de Polícia Federal realizados pelo autor e por outros peritos criminais federais entre os anos de 2008 e 2011.<br>Daily, a battle of great proportions is engaged in cities throughout the country involving, on one hand, thousands of broadcasting stations illegally installed (Pirate Radios), and on the other, public entities in charge of monitoring and of the prosecution of such illegal activities. Improperly installed equipment are seized in these stations and sent to Criminalistics Laboratories of the Forensic Institutes for examination, thus fulfilling the legal requirements. The present dissertation deals with the forensic examination aspects of such seizures. The technical aspects of the transmission equipment arrested by the Brazilian Federal Police in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region were analyzed as to its various characteristics, such as workmanship involved, potency and frequency in order to evaluate among other things the potential damage caused by such equipment. The study was based on information obtained from six hundred and sixty forensic examination reports issued by the Forensic Examiners of the Brazilian Federal Police Department, including reports written by the author, between the years of 2008 through 2011.

This dissertation is a study of popular music and state-controlled radio broadcasting in the Arabic-speaking world, focusing on Syria and the Syrian radioscape, and a set of American stations named Radio Sawa. I examine American and Syrian politically directed broadcasts as multi-faceted objects around which broadcasters and listeners often differ not only in goals, operating assumptions, and political beliefs, but also in how they fundamentally conceptualize the practice of listening to the radio. Beginning with the history of international broadcasting in the Middle East, I analyze the institutional theories under which music is employed as a tool of American and Syrian policy, the imagined youths to whom the musical messages are addressed, and the actual sonic content tasked with political persuasion. At the reception side of the broadcaster-listener interaction, this dissertation addresses the auditory practices, histories of radio, and theories of music through which listeners in the sonic environment of Damascus, Syria create locally relevant meaning out of music and radio. Drawing on theories of listening and communication developed in historical musicology and ethnomusicology, science and technology studies, and recent transnational ethnographic and media studies, as well as on theories of listening developed in the Arabic public discourse about popular music, my dissertation outlines the intersection of the hypothetical listeners defined by the US and Syrian governments in their efforts to use music for political ends, and the actual people who turn on the radio to hear the music.

This paper is a phonetic investigation of radio newsreading on the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) from 1937 to 1987. Recorded newscasts from the first, third, and fifth decades of CBC history are examined. Brief histories of CBC Radio news and of the Office of Broadcast Language are included, and the bibliography brings together much scattered reference material on CBC language. Traditional auditory evaluations of selected aspects of voice quality settings, vowel quality, and voice dynamics are supplemented by instrumental measurements. The descriptive terminology of Laver (1980) is applied to identify the voice quality settings. The majority of newsreaders examined display the vocal settings of lowered larynx, open jaw, and the use of creaky phonation. This configuration enhances vocal resonance and is shown to be an established newsreading model, perceived as suitable to the authoritative presentation of information. The patterns of vocal settings identified for three test decades (1937-47, 1957-67, 1977-87) are supported by the results of acoustic analyses. Individual, group, and across-group statistical tests were executed on the results of acoustical waveform analyses of the peripheral vowels k n u/ produced by each newsreader. To test vowel quality as a sociolinguistic variable, the CBC formant data were compared with compatible /ae o u/ data from informants of the Survey of Vancouver English (Gregg, 1984). The results show that the speech of CBC Radio newsreaders cannot be associated with any particular SES class of the Vancouver Survey. As a result of the extensive variation in production found for both informant groups, the high back vowel phoneme /u/ remains ill-defined for Canadian English. The voice dynamic component in CBC Radio newscasts has changed over the years. Measurements of speech rate show that the duration of pauses post-1966 are dramatically shorter than those pre-1966. Sentence length is shown not to have changed considerably, but phrases have been lengthened and pauses shortened. A marked reduction in the percentage of silent time within the newscast has been the result. It is suggested that pitch fluctuations are now used more extensively than pausing to structure the text orally. Despite the changes in continuity, the articulation rate of the newsreaders, measured in syllables per second, has remained constant. These results indicate that the newsreaders are exceptionally skilled speakers. The prevalent voice settings and the averaged acoustic measurements for CBC vowels are presented as representative of a readily identifiable and publicly recognized standard of formal spoken Canadian English.

So Ming Hang.<br>Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 218-227).<br>Abstracts in English and Chinese.<br>Abstract --- p.i<br>Acknowledgements --- p.v<br>Content --- p.vii<br>List of Table and figures --- p.xi<br>Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction: the dilemma of RTHK and research questions --- p.1<br>Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1<br>Chapter 1.2 --- Significance of the study: importance of the mass media and RTHK in the political process in Hong Kong --- p.4<br>Chapter 1.3 --- Significance of the study: practical policy concerns for RTHK --- p.6<br>Chapter 1.3.1 --- The unstable financial situation of the public broadcasters around the world --- p.6<br>Chapter 1.3.2 --- "The political context of Hong Kong, which RTHK is situated" --- p.12<br>Chapter 1.4 --- Research questions --- p.22<br>Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review: The normative role of public broadcaster and their performance in actual practice compared with commercial broadcaster --- p.25<br>Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.25<br>Chapter 2.2 --- Public vs Private --- p.26<br>Chapter 2.3 --- Theoretical defense for the public broadcasting: Market failure in broadcasting --- p.27<br>Chapter 2.3.1 --- Spectrum scarcity and failure of competition --- p.27<br>Chapter 2.3.2 --- """Public goods"" nature of broadcasting" --- p.28<br>Chapter 2.3.3 --- Externality of the broadcasting as a media --- p.29<br>Chapter 2.3.4 --- The incapacity of the audience --- p.34<br>Chapter 2.4 --- Spectrum scarcity: Weakening rationale --- p.35<br>Chapter 2.5 --- "Market Solution for the ""public goods"" failure: Advertising" --- p.36<br>Chapter 2.6 --- Empirical studies: The public broadcasters may not be very different --- p.39<br>Chapter 2.6.1 --- Information source/news source/guest --- p.39<br>Chapter 2.6.2 --- Topics/Agenda --- p.42<br>Chapter 2.6.3 --- Frames/Themes/Angle --- p.43<br>Chapter 2.6.4 --- Other studies --- p.44<br>Chapter 2.7 --- Theoretical explanation for the quite similar phenomenon between the public and commercial broadcasters --- p.46<br>Chapter 2.7.1 --- Political economy perspective --- p.47<br>Chapter 2.7.2 --- Sociological/Cultural approach --- p.48<br>Chapter 2.8 --- Empirical studies: Public broadcaster make commercial broadcaster better --- p.49<br>Chapter 2.9 --- Empirical studies: Public broadcasters still show its unique role --- p.50<br>Chapter 2.10 --- Empirical studies: Public broadcaster may be different but pro-government (the presence of political pressure) --- p.52<br>Chapter 2.11 --- The study on Hong Kong mass media and Public Broadcasting --- p.55<br>Chapter 2.12 --- Summary --- p.60<br>Chapter Chapter 3 --- The historical background and expected distinctive mission of RTHK in Hong Kong --- p.63<br>Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.63<br>Chapter 3.2 --- The basic structure and existing service of RTHK --- p.64<br>Chapter 3.3 --- The historical development of RTHK as a public broadcaster --- p.66<br>Chapter 3.4 --- The existing base for RTHK working as a public broadcaster --- p.71<br>Chapter 3.5 --- Role of RTHK as a different broadcaster: claimed by RTHK and the government --- p.73<br>Chapter 3.6 --- Role of RTHK as a different broadcaster: expected and interpreted by the public --- p.78<br>Chapter 3.7 --- Role of RTHK as a different broadcaster: expected and interpreted by the pro-China camp --- p.80<br>Chapter 3.8 --- Summary: High expectation on RTHK to act differently --- p.82<br>Chapter Chapter 4 --- Research method and design: The coverage of RTHK on 2004 Hong Kong Legislative Council election compared with the commercial broadcasters --- p.84<br>Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.84<br>Chapter 4.2 --- 2004 Legislative Council Election as a case to compare the public and commercial broadcaster --- p.85<br>Chapter 4.3 --- The Radio broadcasting in Hong Kong --- p.87<br>Chapter 4.4 --- Commercial radio broadcasting in Hong Kong --- p.89<br>Chapter 4.4.1 --- Commercial Radio --- p.90<br>Chapter 4.4.2 --- Metro Broadcast --- p.92<br>Chapter 4.5 --- Research Method: quantitative content analysis with the help of qualitative analysis --- p.94<br>Chapter 4.6 --- Hypothesis setting --- p.95<br>Chapter Chapter 5 --- Data Analysis I: The News bulletins in the 2004 Legislative Council Election --- p.101<br>Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.101<br>Chapter 5.2 --- Background --- p.101<br>Chapter 5.3 --- The salience of the election coverage --- p.102<br>Chapter 5.4 --- The themes of the election coverage --- p.105<br>Chapter 5.5 --- The news source of the election coverage --- p.112<br>Chapter 5.6 --- The sound bite sources and their duration of the election coverage --- p.118<br>Chapter 5.7 --- Summary: RTHK quite followed the mainstream commercial broadcasters --- p.123<br>Chapter 5.8 --- Case I: The nomination period for the election --- p.125<br>Chapter 5.9 --- Case II: Ma Lik has been diagnosed as having cancer --- p.136<br>Chapter 5.10 --- Discussion and Summary for the finding --- p.139<br>Chapter Chapter 6 --- Data Analysis II: The phone-in current affairs programme in the 2004 Legislative Council Election --- p.143<br>Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.143<br>Chapter 6.2 --- Background --- p.143<br>Chapter 6.3 --- The salience of the election-related discussion --- p.145<br>Chapter 6.4 --- The topics for the discussion about the election --- p.150<br>Chapter 6.5 --- The guest for the election discussion --- p.165<br>Chapter 6.6 --- Discussion and Summary for the findings --- p.183<br>Chapter Chapter 7 --- Conclusion: RTHK provided limited alternatives in the coverage of 2004 Legislative Council Election by news bulletins and phone-in programmes --- p.187<br>Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.187<br>Chapter 7.2 --- Summary of the findings from the study --- p.191<br>Chapter 7.3 --- Implication and discussion --- p.196<br>Chapter 7.4 --- Limitation and further research --- p.202<br>Appendix --- p.205<br>Appendix I The original quotation used in different chapters --- p.205<br>Appendix II Analysis Form for each story in the news bulletin --- p.209<br>Appendix III Analysis Form for the phone-in current affairs programme --- p.213<br>Appendix IV The election-related topics that discussed by the phone-in programmes in the study period --- p.215<br>Bibliography --- p.218

This dissertation argues that in the heyday of radio, religious-radio preachers sought to use their programs to counter the secularization of American culture. Ultimately, however, their programs contributed to secularization by accelerating changes already evident in both the conservative and liberal streams of American Christianity. To reach a vast American audience, radio preachers transformed their sectarian messages into a religion more suitable to the masses, thereby altering the very religion it aimed to preserve. This was one of the unintended consequences of American religious radio. Chapter 2 argues that Harry Emerson Fosdick's ministry contributed to a movement away from Protestant orthodoxy. Radio played an important role in Fosdick's successful effort to blaze a new theological trail for the modern era. Chapter 3 shows that Aimee Semple McPherson's experiential religion had an ecumenical appeal that reached areas across the world. As one of the most celebrated Christian figures of the early twentieth century, McPherson's ministry helped make the American church more accepting of important aspects of secularization. Chapter 4 argues that Walter Maier's ministry encouraged millions of people to believe in a simple orthodoxy. The message he broadcast eschewed Lutheran particulars for the bold proclamation of the basic convictions shared by Christian fundamentalists generally. Chapter 5 argues that Charles Fuller's ministry contributed to the transformation of American religion by defining it primarily in terms of evangelism. His success uncovered a particular mood in America: one tired of the militant fundamentalism of the early decades of the century but not ready to abandon the fundamentals of the faith for theological liberalism. Chapter 6 considers religious radio against the backdrop of the emergence of television as the dominant communication medium in America and draws out implications for religion in the modern age of the Internet. To make religion accessible to large and diverse audiences, radio preachers accommodated their messages in ways suited to the medium of radio. Although religious-radio preachers set forth to advance the influence of religion in American society, their choice to limit theological substance ironically promoted the secularization of the American church.

Adelaide Nga-yan Lau.<br>Thesis submitted in: December 2001.<br>Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-158).<br>Abstracts in English and Chinese.<br>Introduction --- p.p. 1 -4<br>Theoretical Framework --- p.p.5-25<br>The Habermasian public sphere<br>Chapter ■ --- Universal access<br>Chapter ■ --- Topics of public concern<br>Chapter ■ --- Rational discussion<br>Gatekeeping in production<br>Chapter ■ --- Individual gatekeeping<br>Chapter ■ --- Organizational gatekeeping<br>Chapter ■ --- Impact of commercialization<br>Phone-in Programs as Media Public Spheres --- p.p.26-46<br>Factors for developing public sphere<br>Chapter ■ --- Capitalism<br>Chapter ■ --- Freedom of expression<br>Media and political communication in Hong Kong<br>Political and social contexts of radio phone-in programs<br>Chapter ■ --- Period of germination<br>Chapter ■ --- Period of recognition<br>Chapter ■ --- Period of flourishing<br>Three radio phone-in programs in Hong Kong<br>Chapter ■ --- RTHK's Talkabout<br>Chapter ■ --- Commercial Radio's Teacup in a Storm<br>Chapter ■ --- Metro Radio's Metropolitics<br>Methodology --- p.p.47-55<br>Data collection<br>Chapter ■ --- The Robert Chung case<br>Data analysis<br>Chapter ■ --- Content analysis<br>Chapter ■ --- Discourse analysis<br>Analysis I - Universal Access --- p.p.56-76<br>Technologies enhance accessibility<br>Equal opportunity for callers<br>Selecting calls<br>Chapter ■ --- Screening in Talkabout<br>Chapter ■ --- Screening in Teacup in a Storm<br>Chapter ■ --- Screening in Metropolitics<br>What is universal access?<br>Analysis II - Topics of Public Concern --- p.p.77-96<br>Topics initiated by the public<br>Handling of topics initiated by the public<br>Characteristics of pre-set discussion topics<br>Chapter ■ --- Characteristics of discussion topics in Talkabout<br>Chapter ■ --- Characteristics of discussion topics in Teacup in a Storm<br>Chapter ■ --- Characteristics of discussion topics in Metropolitics<br>Who sets the media agenda?<br>Analysis III - Rational Discussion --- p.P. 97 -114<br>Opinions with grounds<br>Discourse analysis of discussion on the Robert Chung case<br>Chapter ■ --- Period of reticence<br>Chapter ■ --- Period of development<br>Chapter ■ --- Period of investigation<br>Chapter ■ --- Period of conclusion<br>What is rational discussion?<br>Conclusion and Discussion --- p.P.115-128<br>Interpretations of three main criteria in the media public sphere<br>Organizational gatekeeping in the media public sphere<br>Chapter ■ --- Political economy of Talkabout<br>Chapter ■ --- Political economy of Teacup in a Storm<br>Chapter ■ --- Political economy of Metropolitics<br>One additional criterion 一 Pluralism<br>Reconsidering the media public sphere<br>Appendices --- p.P.129-151<br>Bibliography --- p.P.152-158

Today. the pandemic of HIV/AIDS has become a serious challenge especially in developing and underdeveloped nations. For this reason, all nations, different health institutions and nongovernmental organizations are investing their wealth to increase public awareness on the seriousness of this pandemic disease. Media institutions also play an unparalleled role in controlling HIV/AIDS through educating the society. HIV/AIDS is a great threat both to South Africa and Eritrea as they are part of the Sahale Sahara of Africa. That area is highly affected and infected by the pandemic. It is certain that media have been used to disseminate information in the society about HIV/AIDS in both countries. This study attempts to identify the nature of communication strategies that are employed against HIV/AIDS by Radio Ukhozi FM in South Africa and Radio Dimitsi-Hafash Programme Tigringa in Eritrea. The study attempts to identify the communication formats that both radio stations utilize to increase public awareness about HIV/AIDS. It also examines whether both stations are using Entertainment-Educational communication strategies to disseminate HIV/AIDS messages. Furthermore, the study assesses target audience participation; both stations assessment of their programme and scheduling of HIV/AIDS awareness messages. Finally, it attempts to single out the challenges that both stations encounter in designing messages for combating HIV/AIDS in their respective communities.<br>Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2004.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (Journalism and Media Studies), 2016<br>This research report is an exploratory study into two regional commercial music stations (YFM and 947) and their use of Twitter as a tool to relate to, interact with and enable participation from their audiences. Of particular interest was why they are using it, what they are doing with it and how this affects the on-air content pre, during and post broadcast, if at all it does. [Abbreviated Abstract. Open document to view full version]<br>GR2017

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management Sciences: Business Administration, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2017.<br>This qualitative study explored alternative revenue sources within and outside PBS radio stations that can be utilised to improve revenue generation at South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC) Public Broadcasting Radio Stations (PBS). PBS radio relies heavily on traditional advertising revenue, sponsorships and TV licence fees, revenue sources are insufficient to sustain public broadcasting radio service in South Africa because funding from the South African Government is limited to specific projects. Public broadcasting radio services in South Africa have to provide content of public value while remaining competitive and profitable. The SABC is the sole owner of fifteen public broadcasting radio stations, making it one of the dominant media owners in South Africa. SABC owns all public broadcasting radio stations and has the highest audience penetration in South Africa which should translate into receiving the highest revenue share. However, this is not the case. Commercial radio stations earn a bigger percentage of the pie of advertising revenue although PBS radio stations command higher audience penetration. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with fifteen public broadcasting radio station managers and three senior public broadcasting managers to ascertain what alternative sources within and outside the radio station can help improve the revenue of the radio stations. The analysis of the data collected through interviews identified that there are a number of alternative sources which can assist in improving the revenue of the radio stations. It is therefore time that PBS Radio stations monetise their audience and not rely heavily on traditional advertising revenue. Six important alternative revenue sources are identified as follows: • Radio station events and outside broadcasts: Revenue generation potential is immense with opportunities for gate-takings, sponsorship and advertising or promotional revenues. • Broadcast syndication and sale of content: Original programming content and popular music genre playlists are sought after by the public or other entities that are prepared to pay for the content. • Radio Station Websites: Opportunities to generate revenue by marketing website opportunities to the public and advertisers. • Merchandising: Radio audiences like to own radio station branded merchandising like t-shirts, caps and jackets which can be made available at radio stations and retail stores for the public to purchase. • Cellular or mobile phones: Mobile phones provide an interactive element to radio campaign advertisements, competitions, and promotions, which should be monetised as an extension to advertisers‟ radio campaigns. • Social Media Platforms: Radio campaigns are extended to social media platforms like Facebook, LinkedIn, Instagram, Pinterest and Twitter to target a larger audience.<br>M

An exposition of South African English radio drama tracing the historical, cultural and political issues which led to the demise of the art form in 1999, and its resurrection at ICASA’s insistence in 2006. The research demonstrates the ideological influences of both British Imperialism and Afrikaner Nationalism on the development of South African radio drama, drawing parallels between the development of Afrikaans radio drama, Zulu radio drama and English radio drama. The study also deconstructs the role played by English language radio drama in underpinning the ideologies of whiteness, and illustrates attempts made towards transformation from 1985. The recent development of an essentially South African form of radio drama is described, and the effects of new ideological constraints imposed by the SABC are discussed. The study also provides a critical lens through which the SABC’s failure to observe its public service mandate is made evident.<br>Afrikaans & Literature<br>M. A. (Afrikaans & Theory of Literature)

1 RESUMÉ This dissertation focuses on selected aspects of copyright and rights related to copyright in connection with radio broadcasting. It specializes in use of authors' works, artistic performances of performers and phonograms of phonogram producers in the way of radio broadcasting and on internet connected to radio broadcasting according to the current legislation in Czech Republic. In the first part it concentrates on items of copyright protection, their use in radio broadcasting, on broadcasters as users in the view of copyright law, on licence agreement, term of protection and radio broadcasting itself. As far as the broadcasting is concerned the dissertation approaches it in the view of administrative law focusing on its content. In the second part it deals exclusively with collective rights management as with the key institute for broadcasters to get appropriate copyright licences to use the protected items. It concerns the compulsory and voluntary collective rights management, the cumulative agreements and royalties, and collecting societies operating in Czech Republic. With regard to the present trends this dissertation, in its third part, aims at broadcasters' activities on internet and further platforms. The last part is devoted to several nowadays issues in copyright, such as extension of...