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Journal articles on the topic 'Rainwater Harvesting and Water Balance'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Teston, Andréa, Taylana Piccinini Scolaro, Jéssica Kuntz Maykot, and Enedir Ghisi. "Comprehensive Environmental Assessment of Rainwater Harvesting Systems: A Literature Review." Water 14, no. 17 (2022): 2716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14172716.

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The feasibility of installing rainwater harvesting systems in buildings is usually defined based primarily on economic analysis. In this perspective, we reviewed the literature related to water consumption in buildings, rainwater use, and environmental assessment tools to evaluate the impact of rainwater harvesting on the environment. Identifying water end uses in buildings showed a high potential for potable water savings through alternative sources (e.g., rainwater use for non-potable purposes). Most studies reviewed found potential for potable water savings from 20 to 65%. Moreover, the lit

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2

Liu, Wen, Weiping Chen, Chi Peng, Laosheng Wu, and Yuguo Qian. "A water balance approach to assess rainwater availability potential in urban areas: the case of Beijing, China." Water Supply 15, no. 3 (2014): 490–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2014.134.

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Rainwater is an underutilized water resource that has become more important in recent years; due to severe water logging and water shortage in cities. The evaluation of rainwater harvesting potential is of fundamental importance in planning rainwater harvesting systems and management policies. In this study, we used minute-interval rainfall data and the water mass balance method coupling urban hydrological processes to assess the annual rainwater availability potential (RAP) of different underlying surfaces in the urban areas of Beijing (inside the 5th Ring Road). The estimated total RAP was 1

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3

Sim, Inkyeong, Reeho Kim, Jungmin Lee, and Jongpyo Park. "Quantitative Effect Analysis of Rainwater Harvesting System based on Water Balance Analysis." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 22, no. 6 (2022): 395–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2022.22.6.395.

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The rainwater harvesting system (RHS) is a facility installed in accordance with the ｢Act on promotion and support of water reuse｣ and is currently installed in various buildings such as apartment houses, business facilities, schools, and sports facilities. Rainwater is used for various needs, such as toilet flushing water, tree irrigation, road cleaning water, and landscaped facilities. In this study, rainwater utilization was calculated by performing a water demand-supply time series analysis through a hydrological water balance analysis. The water supply-supply time series water balance ana

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4

Kim, Dong Jun, Jung Ho Lee, and Ha Yong Kim. "Estimation of the Optimal Storage Capacity of Rainwater Harvesting System Considering Regional Climate Characteristics." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 23, no. 5 (2023): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2023.23.5.155.

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Due to the influence of climate change, the frequency and intensity of droughts in the Korean Peninsula regions are increasing. Moreover, regional rainfall deviations are increasing, increasing the severity of localized droughts. Accordingly, it is necessary to enhance water resource utilization through recycling and establishing a robust safety net for water supply. This necessitates the implementation of rainwater harvesting systems to augment water reuse capabilities. When planning the storage capacity of a rainwater harvesting system, it is important to calculate the appropriate capacity.

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Kakoulas, Dimitrios A., Spyridon K. Golfinopoulos, Dimitra Koumparou, and Dimitrios E. Alexakis. "The Effectiveness of Rainwater Harvesting Infrastructure in a Mediterranean Island." Water 14, no. 5 (2022): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14050716.

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Rainwater Harvesting system (RWHs) can be considered as an alternative water resource in the era of the climate crisis. This research aims to study the effectiveness of a RWHs for domestic non-potable use and the water demand of the community in a Mediterranean site (Chios island, Greece). A water balance model is applied to simulate the behavior of a rainwater tank and calculate the daily water savings. The analysis correlates rainwater tank capacity, catchment area and population. The operation of the rainwater collection system has been calculated for seven years. In order to assess the inv

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Mukhlif, Fadhil H. "The role of water harvesting in the development of vegetation cover and reducing desertification within the desert dry areas." Kirkuk University Journal For Agricultural Sciences 14, no. 2 (2023): 223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.58928/ku23.14221.

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It has become necessary to find harmony between the need to exploit rainwater and increase agricultural production, while continuing scientific creativity, especially in the field of multiple techniques for harvesting rainwater. This is for human use, irrigation of crops, and preservation of the environment within the drought that affected the ecological balance. The study addresses the importance of water harvesting in the development of pastoral and medicinal vegetation, the advantages of water harvesting techniques, benefiting from available land resources in the Iraqi desert, maintenance o

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Jin, Yan-Zhao, Lu-Wen Zhou, and Kwong Lo. "Optimum Matching Model Using Long-Term Computing on Safer Rural Domestic Water Supply Based on Rainwater Harvesting." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12 (2018): 2864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122864.

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A safe rural domestic water supply project has been initiated based on different consumption uses. Long-term computation method and the water balance principle are used to analyze the yearly water demand. Water supply and demand balance is achieved through regulated planning of the rainwater collection surface area and water storage capacity. The best combination of collection area and storage capacity is then determined for various rainfall zones in order to satisfy safe domestic water needs. Ultimately, an optimum matching model is developed to utilize rainwater harvesting for providing safe

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Daud, N. M., N. N. Mahiran, A. K. Ruslan, et al. "Effect of roof size on the rainwater harvesting tank sizes and performances using Tangki NAHRIM 2.0." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 920, no. 1 (2021): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/920/1/012035.

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Abstract Global warming and increasing population have direct impacts on water demand all over the world. Usage of potable water in Malaysia is high if compared with other countries and the source of potable water is mainly surface water. Rainwater harvesting is one of the popular alternatives to water resources around the world. However, even Malaysia is a country with an abundance of rainfall, rainwater harvesting is still unpopular. Different size of houses has different roof sizes which will subsequently require different sizes of rainwater tanks. This study utilized Tangki NAHRIM 2.0 (TN2

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Snir, Ofer, and Eran Friedler. "Dual Benefit of Rainwater Harvesting—High Temporal-Resolution Stochastic Modelling." Water 13, no. 17 (2021): 2415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13172415.

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The objective of the presented study was to develop a high-temporal-resolution stochastic rainwater harvesting (RWH) model for assessing the dual benefits of RWH: potable water savings and runoff reduction. Model inputs of rainfall and water demand are used in a stochastic manner, maintaining their natural pattern, while generating realistic noise and temporal variability. The dynamic model solves a mass-balance equation for the rainwater tank, while logging all inflows and outflows from it for post-simulation analysis. The developed model can simulate various building sizes, roof areas, rainw

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Baskoro, Danang Aria Pranedya, Atep Hermawan, and Tri Permadi. "System Dynamic Model for Sustainable Water Supply Strategy in Sentul City Area." Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) 11, no. 2 (2021): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.11.2.233-240.

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Good management of water resources is a requirement for an area that has a high population development. Sentul City, which is an independent city in Bogor Regency which has a high population, is in an area that lacks water, because of this Sentul City requires infrastructure and policies that are able to ensure the availability of water for its residents. One of the paradigms of water management in urban areas is a water sensitive city. One of the steps in this paradigm is wastewater management and rainwater harvesting. The dynamic system modelling method is used to predict the impact of imple

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11

Londra, P. A., A. T. Theocharis, E. Baltas, and V. A. Tsihrintzis. "Assessment of rainwater harvesting tank size for livestock use." Water Supply 18, no. 2 (2017): 555–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.136.

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Abstract Rainwater harvesting is an ancient practice aiming to cover water needs for domestic, irrigation and livestock uses. In this study, the rainwater harvesting tank size was investigated to meet five water-need levels of a mixed goat–sheep farm using a daily water balance method. This method was applied using daily rainfall data for a period of 16 years from six meteorological stations in selected regions of Greece, characterized by different rainfall regimes and well-developed livestock activity, taking into account, among other parameters, the water needs of animals, the rainwater coll

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Imteaz, Monzur Alam, Omotayo B. Adeboye, Scott Rayburg, and Abdallah Shanableh. "Rainwater harvesting potential for southwest Nigeria using daily water balance model." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 62 (May 2012): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2012.02.007.

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Magliano, Patricio N., Francisco Murray, Germán Baldi, et al. "Rainwater harvesting in Dry Chaco: Regional distribution and local water balance." Journal of Arid Environments 123 (December 2015): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.03.012.

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14

Campisano, Alberto, and Carlo Modica. "Rainwater harvesting as source control option to reduce roof runoff peaks to downstream drainage systems." Journal of Hydroinformatics 18, no. 1 (2015): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2015.133.

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The objective of the paper is to evaluate the potential of tank-based rainwater harvesting systems in free standing houses as the source control method to mitigate peak roof runoff due to rainfall in urban areas. To this aim, the water balance simulation of the rainwater tank was carried out using both high resolution rainfall series and toilet water demand data extracted from the database of results built in a previous field campaign involving six experimental households in southern Italy. Simulations show that significant potential for runoff peak reduction exists, basically depending on the

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15

Karim, Md Rezaul, B. M. Sadman Sakib, Sk Sadman Sakib, and Monzur Alam Imteaz. "Rainwater Harvesting Potentials in Commercial Buildings in Dhaka: Reliability and Economic Analysis." Hydrology 8, no. 1 (2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology8010009.

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Despite numerous studies on residential rainwater tank, studies on commercial rainwater tank are scarce. Corporate authorities pay little heed on this sustainable feature. With the aim of encouraging corporate authorities, this study presents the feasibility and economic benefits of rainwater harvesting (RWH) in commercial buildings in the capital city of Bangladesh, where water authority struggles to maintain town water supply. The analysis was conducted using a daily water balance model under three climate scenarios (wet, dry and normal year) for five commercial buildings having catchment ar

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Khan, Amjad, Yoonkyung Park, Jongpyo Park, and Reeho Kim. "Assessment of Rainwater Harvesting Facilities Tank Size Based on a Daily Water Balance Model: The Case of Korea." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (2022): 15556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315556.

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Factors affecting rainwater resource management for the present and future include population growth, urbanization, and climate change. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) allows multiple urban water-related issues to be mitigated. In this study, a spreadsheet-based daily water balance model was developed to analyze the existing laws and regulations regarding the storage tank size of RWH facilities. Six buildings at different locations were selected for this study. Two are office buildings, two are school buildings, and two are sports buildings. The term “RWH facility evaluation criteria” is collective

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Ingle, A. R., B. W. Bhuibhar, and V. D. Khating. "Study on Water Balance and Reutilization of Rainwater Harvesting with Dugout Farmpond." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 02 (2024): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem28690.

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Water scarcity is a significant issue in numerous developing countries. Depending on the intensity of precipitation, rainwater has the potential to serve as a source of drinking water. Furthermore, its effective management could alleviate water and food crises in some of these regions. Farm ponds are utilized to transport water from one location to another, but they suffer from various types of losses, with seepage and evaporation being particularly problematic in the irrigation farm pond network. It is essential to minimize these losses to ensure efficient performance and the effective utiliz

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Giridhar, M. V. S. S., and Mohan Shyama. "Rainwater harvesting: A climate change mitigation." i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology 17, no. 4 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jfet.17.4.18993.

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The global and regional systems for managing water resources are thought to be significantly impacted by climate change. Due to the fact that poor nations are most impacted, it has grown to be a significant worldwide problem. Natural disasters like aridity, droughts, floods, cyclones, and severe rainfall are all likely to have an impact on humans. Water scarcity can be brought on by climate change in some countries through persistent droughts. The rising population will result in a greater demand for water. Cities are becoming more vulnerable to water-related problems as a result of increased

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19

Vinh, Dang Hoa, Dung Duc Tran, Dao Dinh Cham, et al. "Integrated Exploitation of Rainwater and Groundwater: A Strategy for Water Self-Sufficiency in Ca Mau Province of the Mekong Delta." Hydrology 11, no. 4 (2024): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology11040055.

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Groundwater sources have been exploited excessively for numerous purposes worldwide, leading to increasingly severe depletion. However, the replenishment of groundwater sources has not usually been a focus in economically and socially underdeveloped countries and regions. In coastal provinces of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD), rural areas are facing difficulties in accessing fresh water due to shortages from the water supply plant and excessive use of groundwater, highlighting an urgent need for sustainable development solutions. Our study first conducted interviews with 200 households in C

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20

Evantri, Dea, Muh Yanuar J. Purwanto, Nora Pandjaitan, and Roh Santoso Budi Waspodo. "The Dynamic Model of Water Balance in A Sub-Basin." Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) 12, no. 1 (2023): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v12i1.236-245.

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Management of water resources in a river basin requires a new approach. The availability of water is a basic thing that must be considered given the increasing need for water. This study aimed to develop a water balance model in the Upper Bekasi River Sub Basin. In this study water balance model of the Bekasi River Sub Basin was built with several variables that affect water demand and availability, namely population growth rate, public facilities, and efforts to utilize resources. In this research, water supply and demand modelling was carried out using a dynamic system supported by Vensim so

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Vialle, C., C. Sablayrolles, M. Lovera, M. C. Huau, and M. Montréjaud-Vignoles. "Modelling of a roof runoff harvesting system: the use of rainwater for toilet flushing." Water Supply 11, no. 2 (2011): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.031.

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The water balance of a four-people family rainwater harvesting system was calculated in a case study. The experimental water saving efficiency (WSE) was calculated as 87%. A simple computer model was implemented to simulate the behaviour of the rainwater harvesting system. In general, the rainwater collector volumes predicted by the daily model had shown a good correlation with the experimental values. The difference between the experimental and the predicted values for the stored volume can be explained by the lack of maintenance of the system that can affect its performance. On the basis of

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Dwiratna, Sophia, Yogina Lestari Ayu, Chay Asdak, and Nabila Aura Pithaloka. "Water Balance Analysis Using the Thornthwaite-Mather Method as a Basis for Cropping Pattern Development in Dry Land." Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) 14, no. 2 (2025): 547. https://doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v14i2.547-559.

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Soil water availability is crucial for supporting plant growth, especially in drylands that rely on rainfall as the primary source to meet plant water needs. Rainfall variability complicates the prediction of planting times and the optimization of cropping patterns. This condition negatively impacts productivity and increases the risk of flooding and landslides. This study aims to analyze the land water balance using the Thornthwaite Mather method on nine existing planting patterns and schedules, and to recommend strategies that can be implemented to prevent water deficit conditions. A descrip

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Troyee, Ghosh, Razzak Zubaer Abdur, Sadek Hossen Md., and Asif Hossain Md. "Reliability Analysis of Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting Using Daily Water Balance for an Educational Institute." Journal of Engineering Analysis and Design 4, no. 1 (2022): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6086805.

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In Bangladesh, there are a consequential proportion of the population is without access to salubrious water sources and to lead a healthy and productive life humans need a salubrious source of water is a requisite. To consummate the deficit of salubrious water rooftop rainwater harvesting (RRWH) can be the alternative to underground water. RRWH can be legitimated as an appropriate alternative for groundwater because of the lofty yearly precipitation rate in Bangladesh. In addition, there is a massive gap between requisite and repository for fresh water and the situation seems vulnerable that c

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Umapathi, Pezzaniti, Beecham, Whaley, and Sharma. "Sizing of Domestic Rainwater Harvesting Systems Using Economic Performance Indicators to Support Water Supply Systems." Water 11, no. 4 (2019): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040783.

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This paper presents a monitoring-based investigation of rainwater collection systems using economic performance indicators in a group of households with nonconventional end-uses for rainwater that are not traditionally associated with rainwater supply. The monitored data for five household rainwater tank systems were analysed in two stages. For the first stage, the data was empirically analysed to develop a method to predict effective roof catchment areas. For the second stage, the effective roof catchment areas, together with roof area connection percentages, were analysed against different t

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Campisano, A., I. Gnecco, C. Modica, and A. Palla. "Designing domestic rainwater harvesting systems under different climatic regimes in Italy." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 11 (2013): 2511–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.143.

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Nowadays domestic rainwater harvesting practices are recognized as effective tools to improve the sustainability of drainage systems within the urban environment, by contributing to limiting the demand for potable water and, at the same time, by mitigating the generation of storm water runoff at the source. The final objective of this paper is to define regression curves to size domestic rainwater harvesting (DRWH) systems in the main Italian climatic regions. For this purpose, the Köppen–Geiger climatic classification is used and, furthermore, suitable precipitation sites are selected for eac

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Girdayanto, P., P. Davey, and A. Munir. "Rainwater Harvesting to Increase Freshwater Carrying Capacity on Small Islands (A Case Study of Pramuka Island)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 921, no. 1 (2021): 012058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/921/1/012058.

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Abstract Pramuka Island is a small island that is covered with dense settlements, inhabited by 1,715 people, and experiencing rapid population growth with increasing visits by tourists every year ]. As a result, there is a high demand for freshwater, leading to a large-scale exploitation of groundwater on the island. Yet, a research conducted by [1] had indicated that groundwater on Pramuka Island is below the minimum standards for drinking water. This report discusses the effectivity of a rainwater harvesting system as a solution to the freshwater carrying capacity of Pramuka Island. The disc

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Istchuk, Rodrigo Novais, and Enedir Ghisi. "Financial Feasibility Analysis of Residential Rainwater Harvesting in Maringá, Brazil." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (2022): 12859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912859.

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Rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems are key solutions to improve water resource management in cities, and financial feasibility is essential for their diffusion. Moreover, studies about rainwater often adopt diverse design approaches, leading to incompatible results for direct comparison. This study introduces a categorised item-by-item outlay procedure and evaluates indirect (gravity) and direct (pressuriser) rainwater distribution schemes. Computer simulations were used to design 54 generic RWH system scenarios in Maringá based on a range of design variables. For each scenario, a monthly cost

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Mhizha, Alexander, and John Ndiritu. "Fuzzy and process modelling of contour ridge water dynamics." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 378 (May 29, 2018): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-378-3-2018.

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Abstract. Contour ridges are an in-situ rainwater harvesting technology developed initially for soil erosion control but are currently also widely promoted for rainwater harvesting. The effectiveness of contour ridges depends on geophysical, hydro-climatic and socio economic factors that are highly varied in time and space. Furthermore, field-scale data on these factors are often unavailable. This together with the complexity of hydrological processes at field scale limits the application of classical distributed process modelling to highly-instrumented experimental fields. This paper presents

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Londra, Paraskevi A., Ioannis-Eleftherios Kotsatos, Nikolaos Theotokatos, Achilleas T. Theocharis, and Nicholas Dercas. "Reliability Analysis of Rainwater Harvesting Tanks for Irrigation Use in Greenhouse Agriculture." Hydrology 8, no. 3 (2021): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology8030132.

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Rainwater harvesting is an ancient water management practice that has been used to cover potable and non-potable water needs. In recent years, this practice is adopted as a promising alternative and sustainable source of water to meet irrigation needs in agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions. In the present study, a daily water balance model was applied to investigate the size of rainwater tanks for irrigation use in greenhouse begonia and tomato cultivation in two regions of Greece with significant greenhouse areas. For the application of the water balance model, daily rainfall depth valu

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Schild, Johanna E. M., Luuk Fleskens, Michel Riksen, and Sameer Shadeed. "Economic Feasibility of Rainwater Harvesting Applications in the West Bank, Palestine." Water 15, no. 6 (2023): 1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15061023.

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Freshwater resources are uncertain in Palestine and their uncertainty is expected to intensify due to climate change and the political situation. Yet, in this region, a stable freshwater supply is vital for domestic and agricultural uses. Rainwater harvesting could help to increase freshwater availability. This study investigates the economic feasibility of two rainwater harvesting applications in the West Bank, with eyebrow terracing in olive groves in rural areas and domestic rooftop harvesting in urban areas. Cost-effectiveness is estimated using a spatially explicit cost–benefit analysis.

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Rahman, Sadia, M. T. R. Khan, Shatirah Akib, Nazli Bin Che Din, S. K. Biswas, and S. M. Shirazi. "Sustainability of Rainwater Harvesting System in terms of Water Quality." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/721357.

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Water is considered an everlasting free source that can be acquired naturally. Demand for processed supply water is growing higher due to an increasing population. Sustainable use of water could maintain a balance between its demand and supply. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is the most traditional and sustainable method, which could be easily used for potable and nonpotable purposes both in residential and commercial buildings. This could reduce the pressure on processed supply water which enhances the green living. This paper ensures the sustainability of this system through assessing several wa

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Preeti, P., and A. Rahman. "Evaluation of Rainwater Harvesting Systems in Three Major cities of New South Wales." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1022, no. 1 (2022): 012069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1022/1/012069.

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Abstract Rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems are becoming more popular to reduce pressure on mains water as well as to serve as a sole freshwater supply system in rural areas. Australia is a large continent with highly variable rainfall and hence performance of a RWH system varies from location to location. This paper presents reliability and water-saving potential of a RWH system in three major cities namely Sydney, Newcastle and Wollongong of New South Wales (NSW) State of Australia. A python-based daily water balance model is built to analyse the performance of a RWH system, which uses rainf

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Campisano, A., and C. Modica. "Regional scale analysis for the design of storage tanks for domestic rainwater harvesting systems." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 1 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.171.

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A regional scale analysis for the design of storage tanks for domestic rain water harvesting systems is presented. The analysis is based on the daily water balance simulation of the storage tank by the yield-after-spillage algorithm as tank release rule. Water balances are applied to 17 rainfall gauging stations in Sicily (Italy). Compared with literature existing methods, a novel dimensionless parameter is proposed to better describe the intra-annual character of the rainfall patterns. As a result, easy-to-use regional regressive models to evaluate the water saving performance and the overflo

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Khan, Amjad, Yoonkyung Park, Jongpyo Park, Inkyeong Sim, and Reeho Kim. "Analysis of Stormwater and Rainwater Harvesting Potential Based on a Daily Water Balance Model: A Case Study of Korea." Water 16, no. 1 (2023): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16010096.

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The increasing intensity of rainfall resulting from climate change is projected to worsen the inundation of urban areas by floods. As a viable alternative, stormwater harvesting presents an opportunity to enhance water supply reliability while reducing pressure on both water resources and urban stormwater drainage systems. The stored rainwater can be supplied with a radius of one kilometer around the storage facility, so less pumping energy is consumed compared to supplying the stored rainwater far away from the storage facilities. To visually depict the characteristics of the selected storage

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Hamdan, Sami M. "A literature based study of stormwater harvesting as a new water resource." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 5 (2009): 1327–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.396.

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Rainwater harvesting is an important new water resource that participates in bridging the deficit in the water resources in water scarce countries. It is not a new technology but it has been practiced in many countries for many years. From a quantitative point of view it makes a positive contribution to the water resources balance. However, the quality of this new water resource was under the subject of this study in addition to the historical and international experiences carried out in stormwater management. Rainwater harvested from rooftops was noted to be much cleaner than that coming from

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M.A., Alam* Rajat Kango Janmeet Singh. "WATER BALANCE STUDY OF SEMI-ARID REGION – A CASE STUDY." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 5, no. 12 (2016): 1007–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.225402.

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Rational estimation of groundwater potential of any region is one of the major influential factors towards increasing the cultivable land area in that region. Groundwater is pumped out regularly to supplement the available surface water resources in fulfilling the water demands of the region. Increase in population and more demand of water for irrigation purposes and domestic uses will cause the digging up of greater number of tube wells to meet the increasing water demand, thus, the water table will fall at a faster rate resulting in increased cost of pumping. The concept of Water Balance hel

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Priya, Sharma, and Midha Neha. "Potential Water Balance using Rainwater: An Analysis of Delhi, Megacity in India." Journal of Environmental Science and Pollution Research 7, no. 1 (2021): 447–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30799/jespr.211.21070102.

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Delhi is one of the most water stressed cities in the world. This study aimed to explore the potential of Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) as an alternative source of the water supply for Delhi. Mass curve method has been used to understand the feasibility of RWH, indicating that an average roof of 60 m2 in Delhi will collect 3,64,800 L of water in a year for an average family size of five people. The present study assumed that financial constraints, erratic rainfall, unclear legal guidelines, poor public perception, and a lack of commitment from the politicians are possible challenges.

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Rustogi, Paridhi, and S. K. Singh. "Ecological Benefits of Reviving Urban Water Bodies using Rainwater Harvesting." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 5, no. 2 (2017): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.521713.

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Water bodies across India are facing a myriad of ecological challenges due to rapid industrialization and urbanization. As India continues to develop, focus is shifting from preservation and conservation of natural resources to greater economic growth. Issues likeloss of watershed, increasing pollution levels, deteriorating water balance, encroachment and illegal constructions have led to a reduction in the number of urban water bodies and a dire lack of groundwater recharge has impacted the health of existing water bodies over time. Such issues coincide with an influx of population in India’s

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Ismahyanti, Fauziah, Rosmawita Saleh, and Arris Maulana. "PERENCANAAN PEMANFAATAN SISTEM PEMANENAN AIR HUJAN (PAH) DALAM MENDUKUNG PENERAPAN ECODRAIN DI KAMPUS B UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA." Menara: Jurnal Teknik Sipil 16, no. 1 (2021): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jmenara.v16i1.19328.

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This research is done to plan rainwater harvesting so that it can be used as an alternative water source on the campus B UNJ so it is expected to reduce groundwater use that can cause a puddle. The method used in the PAH development plan is a water balance method. This method compares the level of demand with water volume that can be accommodated or the availability of water (supply). Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the potential for rainwater in the FIO office building A was 1773.95 m3 , FMIPA building B was 1904.62 m3 , the FIO lecture building C was 1613.21 m3 and th

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Gleason Espíndola, José Arturo, Fernando Cordova, and Cesar Casiano Flores. "The importance of urban rainwater harvesting in circular economy: the case of Guadalajara city." Management Research Review 41, no. 5 (2018): 533–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-02-2018-0064.

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Purpose This paper aims to associate two fields of research: circular economy and the restoration of water cycle through the implementation of rainwater catchment systems in urban zones. Design/methodology/approach This study considers the case of the metropolitan zone of Guadalajara, México. This urban concentration is the second largest in Mexico. It faces floods each year with a cost of over US$26m, while demand of water has a production cost over US$24m. At the same time, the aquifers are drying due to uncontrolled urbanization and increasing the impervious area over the recharge zones. In

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Yekti, Mawiti Infantri, Mecris Mides Yumame, and Kadek Diana Harmayani. "Rainwater Harvesting Planning using Infiltration Wells in Amlapura City Karangasem Regency." Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan 18, no. 3 (2021): 494–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v18i3.494-503.

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Amplapura is located in the highlands having a potential area of green open land which can absorb rainwater freely into the ground. However, in recent times, land conversion has begun to develop with new housing buildings, Griya Galiran Regency Housing. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the land area is still able to absorb water and maintain groundwater balance. A rainwater harvesting plan (RH) is needed, or, more popularly, rainwater harvesting. In this area. The aim is to provide a portion of residential land space for rainwater infiltration into the pores or soil cavities using the infiltr

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Hurayra, M. A., and A. Rahman. "Rainwater harvesting at place of worship: a case study in Australia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1022, no. 1 (2022): 012063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1022/1/012063.

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Abstract There are several ways of preserving water covering technical, legal and cultural aspects. More recently, Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) has become one of the popular means of water-saving. A few studies on RWH system at place of worship have been undertaken; however, there has not been any detailed study in Australia. This research aims to explore how Islamic scripture can be used to promote water conservation among the Muslim community, specifically, this examines the feasibility of a RWH system at St Marys Islamic Centre, New South Wales, Australia where a RWH system is proposed to sup

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Adham, Ammar, Rasha Abed, Karrar Mahdi, Waqed H. Hassan, Michel Riksen, and Coen Ritsema. "Rainwater Catchment System Reliability Analysis for Al Abila Dam in Iraq’s Western Desert." Water 15, no. 5 (2023): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15050944.

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Rainwater Catchment System Reliability (RCSR) is the chance that a system will deliver the required water for an interval of time. Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) is gaining popularity as a potential alternative water source for household or agricultural use. The reliability of the Al Abila dam in the western desert of Iraq was analyzed using a water budget simulation model and two explanations of reliability, time-based reliability, and volumetric reliability. To evaluate rainwater harvesting system performance, comprehensive software utilizing a method for everyday water balance using data from 2

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Notaro, Vincenza, Lorena Liuzzo, and Gabriele Freni. "Evaluation of the optimal size of a rainwater harvesting system in Sicily." Journal of Hydroinformatics 19, no. 6 (2017): 853–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2017.150.

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Abstract In the Mediterranean area, water scarcity represents a critical issue due to the increasing water demand related to the population growth and the expansion of urban and industrialized areas. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) may be an effective alternative water supply solution to deal with water scarcity in order to reduce non-potable water needs. The reliability of RWH systems is greatly affected by the intensity and the temporal distribution of rainfall events. The purpose of the present study was to identify the optimal tank capacity, in terms of water saving efficiency, of a RWH system

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Mwamila, Tulinave Burton, Moo Young Han, Preksedis Marco Ndomba, and Zacharia Katambara. "Performance evaluation of rainwater harvesting system and strategy for dry season challenge." Water Practice and Technology 11, no. 4 (2016): 829–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2016.090.

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The extensive application of rainwater harvesting (RWH) projects is inhibited by the challenge posed by the dry seasons. In a case study of Mnyundo Primary School, Tanzania, the performance of the RWH system was evaluated using a daily water balance model. The methodology is based on defined dry season parameters – no water days (NWDs), rainwater usage ratio (RUR), and water level in local water storages; while the system operational methods involve users adopting either fixed (constant) demand or variable demand (demand varying with respect to available water in the storage tank), throughout

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Arijuddin, Basyar I., Ig L. Setyawan Purnama, and Emilya Nurjani. "The sustainability of rainwater harvesting for supplying domestic water demand in Yogyakarta City." E3S Web of Conferences 76 (2019): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20197604004.

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Yogyakarta city has a problem of water resources management along with the rapid development in this region. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) can be an alternative choice in urban water resources management. This study aims to determine the best RWH scenario as a sustainable water supply to meet domestic water demand in Yogyakarta City. The method used is the Sustainability Index with 3 parameters including reliability, resilience and vulnerability. Each parameter is a derivative of a water balance simulation of the RWH system using the data range in the period 2006–2015. This study compares the per

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Freni, Gabriele, and Lorena Liuzzo. "Effectiveness of Rainwater Harvesting Systems for Flood Reduction in Residential Urban Areas." Water 11, no. 7 (2019): 1389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11071389.

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Rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems have many benefits being an effective alternative water supply solution, not only in arid and semi-arid regions. Also, these systems can be useful in the reduction of flood risk in urban areas. Nevertheless, most of the studies in literature focused on the potential of RWH in reducing water consumption, whereas few examples examined their efficiency in the retention of stormwater in flood-susceptible residential areas. The aim of this work was to investigate the reliability of RWH systems in terms of stormwater retention. Specifically, the performance of RWH

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Gilliom, Ryan, Colin Bell, Terri Hogue, and John McCray. "A Rainwater Harvesting Accounting Tool for Water Supply Availability in Colorado." Water 11, no. 11 (2019): 2205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112205.

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Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is a renewable water supply option for nonpotable use, most commonly used for landscaping irrigation. Water rights in Colorado prohibit all RWH except residential rain barrels and a pilot project program that allows centralized rainwater harvesting for new development. Development of a natural catchment creates impervious surfaces, thereby increasing runoff, with a subsequent decrease in infiltration and losses to evapotranspiration; pilot projects are allowed to harvest a volume equal to the predevelopment runoff losses that would have occurred on new impervious are

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Bradford, Andrea, and Chris Denich. "Rainwater Management to Mitigate the Effects of Development on the Urban Hydrologic Cycle." Journal of Green Building 2, no. 1 (2007): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.2.1.37.

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Traditional stormwater management approaches that rely on rapid conveyance and end-of-pipe detention have not adequately mitigated the effects of urbanization on water resources and the aquatic and human communities that rely upon them. Low-impact development techniques that can support a shift to management of the post-development hydrologic cycle and runoff volumes offer better opportunities to prevent stream erosion and protect groundwater recharge, characteristics of the flow regime and water quality. The application and design of four techniques—porous pavement, bioretention cells, green

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Rueda, Vianey, Michael H. Young, Kasey Faust, Ashraf Rateb, and Benjamin D. Leibowicz. "System Dynamics Modeling in Local Water Management: Assessing Strategies for the City of Boerne, Texas." Water 14, no. 22 (2022): 3682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14223682.

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As more pressure is exerted onto water sources, hydrologic systems may be altered in ways that are difficult to predict. In Texas, water deficits can become widespread as sources are strained beyond capacity. For smaller communities, such as Boerne, Texas, water management and planning is a way to prepare. The supply-demand water balance in Boerne is conceptualized through causal loop diagrams and system dynamics modeling. Through stakeholder engagement, xeriscaping, rainwater harvesting, and smart meters were chosen as interventions, each varied in adoption levels. The resulting 125 combinati

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