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Dinesh, Kumar Suryavanshi, and Saleem Akhtar Dr. "Design Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Slabs Using Various Optimization Techniques." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 3, no. 5 (2019): 45–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3589565.
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This paper presents Reinforced Concrete RC slab design optimization technique for finding the best design parameters that satisfy the project requirements both in terms of strength and serviceability criteria while keeping the overall construction cost to a minimum. In this paper four different types of RC slab design named as simply supported slab, one end continuous slab, both end continuous slab and cantilever slab are optimized using three different metaheuristic optimization algorithms named as Genetic Algorithms GA , Particle Swarm Optimization PSO and Gray Wolf Optimization GWO . The slabs with various end conditions are formulated according to the ACI code. The formulated problem contains three optimization variables, the thickness of the slab, steel bar diameter, and bar spacing while objective involves the minimization of overall cost of the structure which includes the cost of concrete, cost of reinforcement and the constraints involves the design requirement and ACI codes limit. The proposed method is developed using MATLAB. Finally, to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm the results are compared with the previously proposed algorithms. The comparison of results shows that the proposed method provides a significant improvement over the previously proposed algorithms. Dinesh Kumar Suryavanshi | Dr. Saleem Akhtar "Design Optimization of Reinforced Concrete Slabs Using Various Optimization Techniques" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25231.pdf
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Rady, Mohammed, and Sameh Youssef Mahfouz. "Effects of Concrete Grades and Column Spacings on the Optimal Design of Reinforced Concrete Buildings." Materials 15, no. 12 (2022): 4290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15124290.
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This paper investigates the effects of concrete grades and column spacings on the optimal design of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. To this end, cost design optimization was performed for buildings with three different floor systems: flat plates (FS), flat slabs with drop panels (FSDP), and solid slabs (SS). The evolutionary method provided by the Excel solver was used as the optimization algorithm because it can deal with the complex nature of structural design problems. The objective function was the total construction cost of the building, including the costs of concrete, reinforcement bars, labor, and formwork, while still fulfilling the constraints of the Egyptian code of practice (ECP-18). The applicability of the presented algorithm was investigated in a design example, where the tuning of the evolutionary algorithm control parameters was sought, and the best parameters were investigated. Two case studies were employed to study the impacts of changing the column spacing and concrete grades on the optimal cost for each floor system. The results showed that low concrete grades, (i.e., characteristic strength up to 40 MPa) and column spacings up to 5 m are preferred in terms of direct construction costs for low-rise RC residential buildings.
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EMOTO, Hisao, Masuhiro BEPPU, Hideaki NAKAMURA, and Ayaho MIYAMOTO. "A PROPOSAL OF DPSO-BASED MULTIPLE OPTIMAL SOLUTION STRATEGY AND ITS APPLICATION TO OPTIMIZATION DESIGN OF RC SLAB UNDER IMPACT LOAD." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu F 62, no. 3 (2006): 419–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejf.62.419.
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Alhusban, Mohammad, Mohannad Alhusban, and Ayah A. Alkhawaldeh. "The Efficiency of Using Machine Learning Techniques in Fiber-Reinforced-Polymer Applications in Structural Engineering." Sustainability 16, no. 1 (2023): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16010011.
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Sustainable solutions in the building construction industry have emerged as a new method for retrofitting applications in the last two decades. Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) have garnered much attention among researchers for improving reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The existing design guidelines for FRP-strengthened RC members were developed using empirical methods that are based on specific databases, limiting the accuracy of the predicted results. Therefore, the use of innovative and efficient prediction tools to predict the behavior of FRP-strengthened RC members has become essential. During the last few years, efforts have been progressively focused on the use of machine learning (ML) as a feasible and effective technique for solving various structural engineering problems. Its capability to predict the behavior of complex nonlinear structural systems while considering a wide range of parameters offers a distinctive opportunity to make the behavior of RC members more predictable and accurate. This paper aims to evaluate the current state of using various ML algorithms in RC members strengthened with FRP to enable researchers to determine the capabilities of current solutions as well as to find research gaps to carry out more research to bridge revealed knowledge and practice gaps. Scopus databases were searched using predefined standards. The search revealed ninety-six articles published between 2016 and 2023. Consequently, these articles were analyzed for ML applications in the field of FRP retrofitting, including flexural and shear strengthening of RC beams, flexural strengthening of slabs, confinement and compressive strength of columns, and FRP bond strength. The results reveal that 32% of the reviewed studies focused on the application of ML techniques to the flexural and shear strengthening of RC beams, 32% on the confinement and compressive strength of columns, 6.5% on the flexural strengthening of slabs, 22% on FRP bond strength, 6.5% on materials, and 1% on beam–column joints. This research also revealed that the application of various ML algorithms has shown a significant improvement in resistance prediction accuracy as compared with the existing empirical solutions. Supervised learning techniques were the most favorable learning method due to their good generalization, interpretability, adaptability, and predictive efficiency. In addition, the selection of suitable ML algorithms and optimization techniques is found to be mainly dictated by the nature of the problem and the characteristics of the dataset. Nonetheless, selecting the most appropriate ML model and optimization algorithm for each specific application remains a challenge, given that each algorithm is developed with different principles and methodologies.
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Yuan, Ping, Yafu Cai, Guodong Wang, Xuhui Zhang, and Lizhao Dai. "Generation of Optimal FRP Layout for Strengthening Damaged Structures with a Local Displacement Constraint." Buildings 15, no. 5 (2025): 664. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15050664.
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Structural deflection is a critical factor used for evaluating the effectiveness of reinforcement. This study proposes a method for generating FRP layouts with a local displacement constraint to strengthen damaged structures. A local displacement constraint strategy is developed using the Lagrange multiplier method, integrating the constraint into the objective function and transforming the problem into an unconstrained optimization framework. The design sensitivity formula for strengthening damaged structures is derived based on this displacement-constrained strategy. Additionally, an automatic adjustment strategy of the Lagrange multiplier is given based on the bisection method. Finally, the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method are illustrated through case studies on damaged RC beams, slabs, and arches. The FRP configurations under various constraints are discussed and compared with the results generated by the BESO method. Results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively generate FRP configurations for damaged RC structures.
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Xiong, Zhixiang, Wei Wang, Yangyong Wu, and Wei Liu. "Sensitivity Analysis of Factors Influencing Blast-like Loading on Reinforced Concrete Slabs Based on Grey Correlation Degree." Materials 16, no. 16 (2023): 5678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16165678.
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Blast simulators are capable of applying blast-like loading to components in a safe and controlled laboratory environment, overcoming the inherent shortcomings of blast testing in terms of data acquisition, test cycle time, and cost. In this paper, reasonable assumptions and refinements are made to the components and shape of the impact module, a key component of the blast simulator, to achieve diversity in simulated blast loading. By designing four rubber shapes, the importance of ellipsoid rubber as an elastic cushion for simulating blast loading was determined. In order to assess the effectiveness of this optimization, numerical calculations based on a calibrated finite element model were performed around four factors: flat rubber thickness, ellipsoid rubber thickness, impact velocity, and impact modulus mass. Additionally, a grey correlation sensitivity analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of these factors on the impact loading on the reinforced concrete (RC) slab. The results indicate that peak pressure and impulse had opposite sensitivities to velocity and mass. Changes in ellipsoid rubber thickness had a more positive effect on the impact loading than flat rubber thickness. An in-depth study of the role of these influencing factors is important for the design and improvement of impact modules.
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Negrin, Iván, Moacir Kripka, and Víctor Yepes. "Metamodel-assisted design optimization of robust-to-progressive-collapse RC frame buildings considering the impact of floor slabs, infill walls, and SSI implementation." Engineering Structures 325 (February 2025): 119487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2024.119487.
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Dinesh, Kumar Suryavanshi, and Saleem Akhtar Dr. "A Review on Civil Structural Optimization." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 3, no. 5 (2019): 59–64. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3589571.
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Reinforced Concrete RC slab is the key structural component and is used in houses to provide flat surfaces floors and ceilings . Concrete slabs are effective systems where putting columns interrupts the structures Audiences, parking lots, hotels, airports, etc. serviceability to cover the lengthy spans. From the economic point of view the total cost optimization of RC slabs is very important issue and must be the prime concern of structural optimization in near future. In recent past, metaheuristic optimization algorithms have been applied to many structural problems, and RC slabs are no exception as a result a number of articles on RC slabs optimization have been published. This paper presents firstly presents a brief overview of four type of slabs Simply Supported, One end Continuous, Both end Continuous, and Cantilever , then describes the optimization algorithms and finally presents a review of some of the recent literatures related to the RC slab optimization. Dinesh Kumar Suryavanshi | Dr. Saleem Akhtar "A Review on Civil Structural Optimization" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25232.pdf
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Han, Zebin, Wenjun Qu, and Peng Zhu. "Research on Hybrid FRP–Steel-Reinforced Concrete Slabs under Blast Load." Buildings 13, no. 4 (2023): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13041058.
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The service environment of civil air defense engineering structures is relatively harsh, and the corrosion of steel bars is the main reason for reducing the durability of concrete structures in civil air defense engineering. A hybrid FRP–steel-reinforced concrete (hybrid-RC) structure has excellent durability. Therefore, it is a good choice to apply hybrid-RC to civil air defense engineering structures. In order to study the blast resistance of hybrid-RC structures, close blast and contact blast experiments were carried out on hybrid-RC slabs, steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) slabs and GFRP-reinforced concrete (GRC) slabs. For the close blast experiment, the steel reinforcement in the SRC slab first entered the plasticity stage, whereas the GFRP reinforcement in the hybrid-RC slab was in the elastic stage under the close blast. Therefore, the capacity to dissipate energy through the vibration in the hybrid-RC slab was better than that of the SRC slab. The residual deformation in the hybrid-RC slab after the close blast experiment was smaller than that of the SRC slab. The Blast Recovery Index (BRI) was introduced to evaluate the recovery capacity of the concrete slab after the close blast, and damage assessment criteria for the hybrid-RC slabs were proposed according to the maximum support rotation θm and BRI. There was little difference in the size of the local damage in the hybrid-RC slab and the SRC slab under the contact blast. However, since the GFRP reinforcement was still in the elastic stage and the steel reinforcement was plastic after the contact blast, the ratio of the residual bearing capacity to the original bearing capacity in the hybrid-RC concrete slab would be larger than that of the SRC slab. The prediction formula for the top face diameter D and blasting depth L of the hybrid-RC slab was obtained through dimensionless analysis. This research can provide a reference for the anti-blast design of hybrid-RC slabs.
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Guo, Qing Sheng, and Qing Shan Yang. "Investigation on Steel Staggered-Truss System RC Slab." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.49.
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For steel staggered-truss (SST) system, RC slabs are the main structure members to make the whole building work together beside to take the vertical load. There are openings in the RC slabs due to requirement of staircases、lift wells and other services, these openings will reduce the stiffness of RC slab and make stress concentration. Usually, the RC slab is designed under vertical load only, this will lead to the design defect and building calapse for SST structure. There are few research for SST RC slab are presented untill now. In the paper, based on two different 3D models considering or ignoring the stiffness of infilled walls (SIW), a numerical investigation is presented on the structural behaviors of the SST system utilizing the soft ware ETABS. As a finite element analysis method, the shell element is adopted for RC slab & infilled wall, the beam element is adopted for beam、colum and truss members. The structure is asymmetrical due to the SIW, it causes the torsional forces in the building and the extra stresses in the RC slabs, the additional reinforcement need to be provided to strengthen the high stress areas. Comparing with the results of response spectrum analysis under the combination with earth quake load, we make some conclusions, including the capacity of anti-seismic and the effect of the SIW for SST system RC slab，that could be a reference for SST structure design.
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Md, Abdul Muntaqim, Mohammed Noor, and Farrukh Anwar Syed. "SEISMIC PERFORMANCE ON FLAT SLABS AND BEAM SLAB IN MULTI STOREY BUILDING." GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND RESEARCHES 4, no. 8 (2017): 47–56. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.843989.
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Now a days the use of flat slab building provides many advantages over conventional RC Frame building in terms of architectural flexibility, use of space, easier formwork and shorter construction time. The structural efficiency of the flat-slab construction is hindered by its poor performance under earthquake loading. Whereas the conventional beam slab buildings perform better in seismic regions. In the present work another model with alternate floor flat slab and beam slab is considered and all the nine structures are compared. Conventional RC frame structure, Flat Slab structure and alternate floor flat-beam slab structure of G+10story of plan size of 30mx30m have been considered. The performance of Conventional RC frame structure, Flat Slab structure and alternate floor flat-beam slab structure were studied and for the analysis, seismic zone II is considered. The analysis is done with using E-Tabs 2015 software. It is necessary to analyze seismic behavior of building to see what parameters are going to changes in conventional RC Frame building, flat slab building and alternate floor flat-beam slab building with corner shear wall, middle shear wall and without shear wall. Therefore, the characteristics of the seismic behavior of flat slab and conventional RC Frame buildings suggest that additional measures for guiding the conception and design of these structures in seismic regions are needed and to improve the performance of building having conventional RC building and flat slabs under seismic loading, The objective of the present work is to examine the feasibility of Alternate floor flat slab-beam slab structure and compare the behavior of these nine types of buildings under seismic forces. Present work provides a good source of information on storey drift, storey displacement, base shear, storey shear, column forces and time period
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Masri, Adnan C., and Subhash C. Goel. "Seismic Design and Testing of an RC Slab-Column Frame Strengthened by Steel Bracing." Earthquake Spectra 12, no. 4 (1996): 645–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585904.
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This study is concerned with developing a rational design procedure for use of ductile steel bracing for strengthening existing seismically “weak” RC slab-column building structures. A one-third scale, two-bay, two-story RC slab-column frame model was selected to represent existing seismically inadequate structures of its type. The design procedure, construction and test results of the steel bracing system for strengthening the RC frame are presented in this paper. The strengthened frame was subjected to a combination of gravity and cyclic lateral loads up to 2% overall frame drifts. The behavior of the strengthened frame improved dramatically over that of the bare RC frame. A maximum 2.75% drift in the first story was reached which is highly probable during severe earthquake motions.
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Lv, Meng Zhou, Tian Peng Pan, and Xiao Bo Wu. "The Influence of Slab on Yield Mechanism of RC Frame Structure." Applied Mechanics and Materials 578-579 (July 2014): 864–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.578-579.864.
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"Strong column weak beam" form of frame structure is widely considered to be a reasonable framework structure yield mechanism in the seismic damage. The current structure design is mostly on the basis of that yield mechanism for structural seismic design. Generally the structural engineers ignore the bearing capacity contribution of frame beams that comes from the slab in the seismic design. The structure engineers considered the slab as a rigid component and simply calculate the slab stiffness by magnification factor method, which ignores the core of the problem. This paper analyzes mainly the influence of the destruction of slab form frame structure , studying further how slab affect the yield mechanism of frame structure, and explores the destruction form of difference between two models after analyzing two structure models by the method of Push – over. It shows that the existence of slab make the yield mechanism of RC frame structures different from the design.
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Gupta, Sushant, and Sanjeev Naval. "Analysis of Orthotropic RC Rectangular Slabs Supported on Two Adjacent Edges - A Simplistic Approach." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 10 (2020): 1992–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091598.
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The design of reinforced concrete slabs supported on two adjacent edges involves complex formulations. In this paper, a simplistic approach is presented for designing orthotropic slabs supported on two adjacent edges. Slab supported on two adjacent edges (existing slab) is transformed into a slab supported on three edges (equivalent slab) by taking a mirror image of the yield line pattern of two adjacent edges supported RC slabs about its unsupported edges to get the exact collapse mechanism for the slabs supported on three edges. The equivalent aspect ratio can be used in the equations already developed for the slabs supported on three sides. Ultimate moment carrying capacity of the slab carrying uniform load can be evaluated by using the available analytical formulations of the slab supported on three edges. So, the present approach gives a simplified method to analyse and design the orthotropic RC rectangular slab supported on two adjacent edges using the equations available for slab supported on three adjacent edges. Hence, the simplistic approach will be very helpful for structural designers dealing with analysis and design of slabs supported on two adjacent edges. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091598 Full Text: PDF
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Vainiūnas, Povilas, Vladimiras Popovas, and Andrei Jarmolajev. "PUNCHING SHEAR BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS OF RC FLAT FLOOR SLAB-TO-COLUMN CONNECTION." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 8, no. 2 (2002): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2002.10531255.
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The paper presents information about theoretical investigations and based on computer modelling and analysis research methods of flat floor slab-to-column joint behaviour for punching” obtained by authors. Main principles of calculation and design methods of flat slab-to-column support under punching according to variety of international design coded are observed and compared. The design problems of beamless floor systems for shear with bending are discussed. The set of variables, such as lateral flexural reinforcement, bending moment to shear force ratio, span-to-slab depth ratio and slab thickness to column depth ratio, which may have an influence on flat two-ways floor slab punching shear strength is established and computer modelling analysis methods are applied to investigate the problem.
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Azad, Ramakant, and Saraswati Setia. "Response of Different RC Slab Systems in Buildings to Seismic Excitations." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1236, no. 1 (2022): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1236/1/012004.
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Abstract In the current study, the response of flat, grid and conventional slab against seismic excitation is studied and comparative analysis is performed to establish which among the three slab system would be most effective and safe in an earthquake scenario. The parameter such as storey displacement, drift, shear, and base shear of each slab arrangement is extracted from ETABS which is general structural design software for comparison. In the analysis, three different building specimen with the aforementioned slab type having length, width and height of 40m, 30m and 30m respectively are designed as per Indian design code IS: 456:2000 and analyzed as per IS:1893:2016.
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Hoan, Pham Thai, and Nguyen Minh Tuan. "Effect of uniform temperature load on design of long reinforced concrete structures without expansion joints." Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - NUCE 15, no. 3 (2021): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.nuce2021-15(3)-06.
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This study presents an investigation on the design of long reinforced concrete (RC) structures subjected to uniform temperature load by considering three RC frame building models with different lengths of 45 m, 135 m, and 270 m using Etabs. The uniform temperature load is considered being the change from the annual average highest to lowest air temperature at the construction site in the case of unavailable temperature data of concrete. The analysis results indicate that the uniform temperature load mainly influences on the internal forces of RC members at storey 1 and slightly effects on the internal forces of RC members at storey 2. For short-length RC structures, the effect of temperature load can be ignored in the design of RC elements, whereas it must be taken into account in design of slab, beams and some column positions at storey 1 of medium-length and long RC structures without expansion joints. For the present RC frame building models, the required slab reinforcement in long direction increases about 33.4% for medium-length RC structures (135 m) and about 48.2% for long RC structures (270 m) without expansion joints. The required reinforcement for positive moment at mid-span increases from 33.7 to 39.4%, whereas the total required reinforcement for negative moment at the supports of beams increases from 19.4 to 34.9% in long direction of 270 m long RC structures without expansion joints due to uniform temperature load. Column design of long RC structures without expansion joints under uniform temperature load must be concerned, especially for columns in the corners.
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Kumar, Manoj, and Mohit Bhamri. "Influence of Skewnesson Flexural Response of RC Slab Bridges." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (2022): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.549.
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Normally, straight slab bridges are preferred in any road network due to simplicity in design and construction. However, in some circumstances, it becomes necessary to provide the skew slab bridges owing to geometrical considerations. The structural behaviour of skew slab bridges differs significantly as compared to right slab bridges unless the skew angle is small. In this paper, attempts have been made to investigate the influence of skewness on flexural response of two-lane slab bridges of different spans ranging between 4 m to 8 m at in interval of 1 m and the skew angle has been varied from 0° to 45° in the multiple of 15°. In this study, the linear-elastic three-dimensional finite element analysis of slab bridges has been carried out using the STAAD_Pro. In order to investigate the effect of skewness on flexural response five different span slab bridges, the longitudinal moment, transverse moment, twisting moment, and the maximum deflection produced in skew slab bridges are normalized with the corresponding parameters in the right slab bridges. The study showed that the normalized longitudinal moment decreases significantly with the increase in angle of skew from 15° to 45°, in contrast, an excessive rise in the normalized transverse moments was observed.
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Wu, Linfeng, Tiancan Huang, Yili Tong, and Shixue Liang. "A Modified Compression Field Theory Based Analytical Model of RC Slab-Column Joint without Punching Shear Reinforcement." Buildings 12, no. 2 (2022): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020226.
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RC slab–column structures are widely used because of the advantages of small space occupation for horizontal members, easy construction and good economy. However, slab–column joints are prone to punching shear failures, which deteriorates structural safety. This paper provides an analytical model to predict the punching shear capacity of the RC slab–column joint. A database of 251 test results is established for the shear punching capacity of slab–column joints without punching shear reinforcement. The performance of existing design codes in predicting the shear resistance of slab–column joints is investigated and compared based on the database. Then, based on the modified compression field theory (MCFT) model, an equation for calculating the punching shear resistance of slab–column joints without punching shear reinforcement is established. The prediction results of the analytical model are enhanced by using the regression analysis method. The model proposed in this paper is based on both reliable theoretical and the summary of a large number of test results, which has higher prediction accuracy than the design codes.
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Gokul, P., R. Vandhiyan, and TJ Vijay. "Effect of Combined Beam Slab Interactive Resisting Mechanism for Progressive Collapse." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 9, no. 4 (2020): 2396–401. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.D7742.049420.
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In reinforced concrete structures slab, beam and column plays an important role in load transfer mechanism. When a column fails due to earthquake or attack, progressive collapse may occur. There is a need to study and understand the performance of the RC framed structure under progressive collapse to design a better structure. This study investigates the effect of combined Beam-Slab interactive resisting mechanism against progressive collapse using finite element software. Linear static analysis was used to study the progressive collapse of the RC framed structure. The models of symmetrical regular building with bare frame, frame with slab and frame slab with infill were studied. The parameters like load carrying capacity, energy dissipation factor and stiffness degradation were analysed. The analysis results showed that frame slab with infill showed better resistance during progressive collapse.
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Chaturvedi, Amaresh, Rajeev Singh Parihar, Abhay Kumar Jha, Barun Kumar, and Rajesh Misra. "Seismic Analysis and Modelling of Grid Slab and Flat Slab of G+14 R.C. Framed Structure using ETABS." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 9 (2022): 1841–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46932.
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Abstract: These days, choosing the right kind of structure for a given function is crucial for design engineers. In some cases, grid structures and slab structures demonstrates to be more advantageous than the traditional RC Framed Buildings. Architectural features, as well as the adaptability of the use of space inside the buildings, the ease of formwork, etc. plays a significant impact in choosing the design criteria even despite the fact that the traditional method naturally offers the improved resistance against earthquakes. An attempt is made in this Present research to designed and evaluate the processes and results of the Flat Slab and Grid Slab RC frame slab, under earthquake zone V. The E-Tabs 2016 and IS Code 456-2000 is used for modes. G+14 Buildings with multiple stories are selected, designed, and analysed for earth quake zone V and D.L. and L.L.)
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Chang, Peng, Qian Feng Yao, and A. Ping Wang. "Crack Resistance Analyses on RC Composite Floor Slab." Key Engineering Materials 302-303 (January 2006): 637–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.302-303.637.
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Cracking behavior of reinforced concrete composite floor slab, which has a significant effect on durability of concrete structures, is studied. Crack resistance of one-way composite floor slab is analyzed during transfer stage, handling stage, construction stage and serviceability stage, and calculation formulas are presented. Precast prestressed plank and topping cast-in-situ concrete layer can be designed as composite floor slab. It is assumed that prestressed unit is in elastic stage under service loads and hence every stress subentry can be calculated on the base of linear elastic theory and can be added linearly. For two-way composite floor slab, principal tensile stress in concrete is deduced on the base of theory of three-dimensional stress state in material mechanics. In addition, two-way effect on stress and practical distribution pattern of moment and shear force are considered. A number of structure experiment and experiences from engineering practice show that cracking behavior of reinforced concrete composite floor slab is a necessary consideration in design and analysis method shown in this paper is convenient and effective.
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Abdallah, Marwa Hameed, Zainab Abdulrdha Thoeny, Sadiq N. Henedy, et al. "The Machine-Learning-Based Prediction of the Punching Shear Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Flat Slabs: An Advanced M5P Model Tree Approach." Applied Sciences 13, no. 14 (2023): 8325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13148325.
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Reinforced concrete (RC) flat slabs are widely employed in modern construction, and accurately predicting their load-carrying capacity is crucial for ensuring safety and reliability. Existing design methods and empirical equations still exhibit discrepancies in determining the ultimate load capacity of flat slabs. This study aims to develop a robust machine learning model, specifically the M5P model tree, for predicting the punching shear capacity of a RC flat slab without shear reinforcement. A comprehensive dataset of 482 experimentally tested flat slabs without shear reinforcement was gathered through an extensive literature review and utilized for the development of the M5P model. The model takes into account influential parameters, such as slab thickness, longitudinal reinforcement ratios, and concrete strength. The performance of the proposed M5P model was compared with existing design codes and other empirical models. The comparison highlights that the developed M5P model tree provides a more accurate and reliable prediction of the punching shear capacity of RC flat slabs. This study contributes to the advancement of structural engineering knowledge and has the potential to improve the design and safety assessment of concrete flat slab structures.
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Dong, Jun, Hong Ping Gao, Xin Chao Qiao, and Jian Guang Dong. "Optimization Design of Precast Casing Pipe Unit." Advanced Materials Research 706-708 (June 2013): 1468–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.1468.
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The level of the mould design directly influence the quality of track slab , influence the smoothness and stability of the a high-speed railway further .Precast casing pipe unit is one of the key parts in the mould, which definitely influence the quality of track slab. Combined with the track slab manufacturing in Nanjing-Anqing special line, we have discussed five schemes on precast casing pipe unit of the mould, and the best scheme been formed after comparison and optimization. It is proved by the process of the track slab production that the best scheme can ensure precision of track slab, be operationally convenient, bring obvious benefit and is worth spreading.
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Satya, Pranjal, Tatsuya Asai, Masaomi Teshigawara, Yo Hibino, and Ippei Maruyama. "Impact of Drying on Structural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beam with Slab." Materials 14, no. 8 (2021): 1887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14081887.
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Evaluating the performance of reinforced concrete (RC) structures during earthquakes and the resultant damage in the structures depends on an accurate load–displacement relationship. Several experimental and analytical evaluation methods for load–displacement relationships have been proposed and specified in current design standards. However, there have been few quantitative studies on the impact of drying on the yielding behavior of RC members, including evaluations of the effective stiffness of members. In this study, to investigate changes in the mechanical properties of RC beam–slab members due to drying of the concrete, cyclic loading tests are conducted on two RC beam–slab members with and without drying. It is found that the lateral structural stiffness of the specimen with drying decreased to 77% that of the specimen without drying. This is verified in the calculation of the flexural stiffness. In this calculation, it is assumed that drying shrinkage decreases the moment of inertia of the slab in tension but not in compression. Meanwhile, no difference is observed in the flexural capacity and yield displacement between the two specimens. Thus, there is no significant impact from drying shrinkage in RC beam–slab members on the lateral structural performance, while the shrinkage instead induces greater flexural cracking, which reduces the residual stresses in the specimen with drift leading to a gradual decrease in the impact of drying.
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Heronilda, Andaque, and Sadeghi Kabir. "Comparison Between Timber Concrete Composite Slab and Solid Slab for Residential Buildings." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 8, no. 5 (2023): 612–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7950950.
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This research aims to compare Timber concrete slabs (TCC) with solid slabs (RC) to show that TCC may be used to minimize building weight and construction costs. Moreover, the purpose of this project is to use CypeCAD software to design a one-way TCC slab and a two-way solid slab, analyze the data supplied in the software, and compare the findings according to the Eurocode standard. The results illustrate that although the timber concrete composite slab is a new constructive solution and is little used in many constructions, it is less expensive compared to the conventional solution adopted in many countries around the world. This system (TCC Slab) accounts for 62% of the total cost of constructing a solid slab with the same size and architecture. Overall, the TCC slab is cost-effective compared to the solid slab with beams, which can reduce 38% of the total cost of construction. Additionally, the results showed that the TCC slab represents a phenomenal potential to be utilized in residential structures from an economic standpoint, as it is less expensive than a two-way solid slab with a beam (RC slab).
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Han, Yong Li, and Long Zhu Chen. "Analysis of the RC Slab under Gas Explosion Load." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 1080–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.1080.
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In order to put forward protective measures and reduce the hazards caused by gas explosion events, it is significantly important to analyze the antiblast properties of the slab. According to the precast slab and poured slab that badly damaged in this two accidents, the antiblast ability of the slabs and explosion overpressure were analyzed. The overpressure differs little but the destruction differs much of the two accidents, so effects of some parameters on the the antiblast ability of the slab were calculated based on multigroup models. The results show that, boundary condition is the primary influence factor, the next is thickness, while the influence of reinforcement ratio is comparatively lower. Based on the calculation results, some protective measures were put forward. The analysis methods and conclusions can offer certain reference to the housing protection design and study.
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Yin, Gu, and Li Pan. "The Effect of Shape on Chloride Penetration of Circular Reinforcement Concrete Columns and Its Durability Design." Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (2020): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10020459.
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The reinforced concrete (RC) circular element is usually simplified as slab one on the issue of chloride diffusion simulation, without considering the effect of the geometrical shape. In the paper, a modified slab diffusion model is proposed for circular section. A formulation for estimating the error caused by neglecting the effect of shape on chloride diffusion is derived. The formulation demonstrates that radius significantly affect the error. When shape is neglected, the effects of model parameters, including the diffusion coefficient, radius, cover concrete thickness and age factor, on the corrosion initiation time are investigated. The result shows the radius has a slight effect on calculating the corrosion initiation time compared with other model parameters. Furthermore, the influence of shape on estimating on reliability index for different service time is also discussed. A guideline is proposed for properly using the modified slab diffusion model instead of the original one to predict service life. Finally, the impact of the shape of the RC circular column on the durability design against chloride corrosion is studied. The design result when the column is simplified as a slab element indicates a lower required minimum concrete cover thickness. The minimum thickness should be improved by 5 mm as a conservative choice based on the result of the slab element.
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Sun, Wen Bin. "Dynamic Response Analysis and Optimal Design of a RC Slab to Blast Loads." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 2390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.2390.
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Current guidelines such as TM5 and ASCE use a trial and error procedure to design RC slabs against blast loads. Although the trial and error procedure is easy to implement, it may not result in a optimal to resist blast loads. In this study, SDOF system recommended by TM5 and ASCE was adopted to simplify RC slabs; the bilinear model was selected to simulate the resistance-deflection curve for dynamic response analysis. After comparing the areas under the resistance-deflection curves of RC slabs with different reinforcement ratios, the reinforcement ratio responding to the biggest area can be defined as the optimal reinforcement ratio. These derived relationships are useful to facilitate a design with maximum capacities to resist blast loads.
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Tattimani, Sachin, and Sri P. I. Cholappanavar. "Developing an Individual Excel Sheet for Design and Analysis of Beam and Slab." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 9 (2022): 703–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46196.
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Abstract: Analysis and design of RC structures using FEM based software package needs basic knowledge of that software. This project focuses on developing a excel sheet with simple user interface to analyze and design RC structures without any prior knowledge of software. This excel sheet considers only the gravity loads. Grids in X and Y directions are defined in the sheet. User can enter distance between grids. This sheet provides design of footing and column.
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Jia, Haokai, Ling Yu, and Guiying Wu. "Damage Assessment of Two-Way Bending RC Slabs Subjected to Blast Loadings." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/718702.
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Terrorist attacks on vulnerable structures and their individual structural members may cause considerable damage and loss of life. However, the research work on response and damage analysis of single structural components, for example, a slab to blast loadings, is limited in the literature and this is necessary for assessing its vulnerability. This study investigates the blast response and damage assessment of a two-way bending reinforced concrete (RC) slab subjected to blast loadings. Numerical modeling and analysis are carried out using the commercial finite element code LS-DYNA 971. A damage assessment criterion for the two-way bending RC slab is defined based on the original and residual uniformly distributed load-carrying capacity. Parametric studies are carried out to investigate the effects of explosive weight and explosive position on the damage mode of the two-way RC slab. Some design parameters, such as the boundary conditions and the negative reinforcement steel bar length, are also discussed. The illustrated results show that the proposed criterion can apply to all failure modes. The damage assessment results are more accurate than the ones due to the conventional deformation criterion.
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Hanna, Awad S., and Ahmed B. Senouci. "Design Optimization of Concrete-Slab Forms." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 121, no. 2 (1995): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(1995)121:2(215).
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Kim, Sang-Hyo, Tuguldur Boldoo, Dae-Yoon Kim, Inyeop Chu, and Sang-Kyun Woo. "Probabilistic Moment Capacity Models of Reinforced Concrete Slab Members for Underground Box Culverts." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (2021): 8520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188520.
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This study was performed to evaluate the probabilistic characteristics of the flexural strength of reinforced concrete (RC) flexural members adopted for underground box culverts. These probabilistic models were developed to be adopted for the development of limit state load combination formats for underground RC box culverts. The probabilistic models of uncertainties inherent in the basic design variables were developed to evaluate flexural strength using field material test data as well as field survey data collected from various domestic construction sites of underground box culverts in Korea. The basic design variables include concrete strength, steel rebar strength, and section dimensions, such as slab thickness and rebar locations. Some design variables are assumed to have inherent construction error characteristics, which may be different from those inherent in the RC members for buildings and bridges. The bias models on flexural strength were evaluated based on the experimental results of four-point flexural tests on one-way RC slabs, which were fabricated following the general practice adopted in the local underground box culvert construction process. Based on the probabilistic models of basic design variables, as well as the bias models of flexural strength, Monte Carlo simulations were performed to examine the probabilistic characteristics of both ultimate flexural strength and yield moment strength of RC slab members. Some sensitivity analyses were performed to confirm the soundness of various probability models and the assumptions adopted in the development procedure. The proposed procedure may be applied to develop probabilistic resistance models for structural members, in which the construction error characteristics are assumed to be different from other practices.
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Ertürk Atmaca, Esin, Ahmet Can Altunişik, Murat Günaydin, and Barbaros Atmaca. "Collapse of an RC Building Under Construction with a Flat Slab System: Reasons, Calculations, and FE Simulations." Buildings 15, no. 1 (2024): 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15010020.
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The using of flat slab systems is a common structural solution for residential and commercial buildings as they are a cost-effective structural solution that simplifies and speeds up the construction phase. However, the flat slab systems have complex behavior, particularly in the slab–column connection zones, because of punching shear. Therefore, to prevent brittle flat slab collapse because of punching shear, there are some conditions which must be met in regulations such as Eurocode 2, American Concrete Institute’s Code, and Türkiye Building Earthquake Code—2018. Flat slab collapses because of punching shear can be caused by deficiencies in the design phase as well as deficiencies in the construction phase. The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes of flat slab collapses due to punching shear, focusing on whether these failures arise from design or construction deficiencies. The study highlights the importance of adhering to regulations to prevent brittle flat slab collapses. A case study of an actual building collapse due to punching shear was conducted. Theoretical punching shear strength was calculated based on the Türkiye Building Earthquake Code—2018. A finite element model of the collapsed part of the building was created, and collapse mechanism simulations were performed. It was examined whether the punching collapse mechanism was caused by deficiencies in the design or the construction phase. The findings revealed the critical role of proper design phases and construction practices in ensuring structural integrity.
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Nguyen, Huy Q., Tri N. M. Nguyen, Do Hyung Lee, and Jung J. Kim. "A Design Method to Induce Ductile Failure of Flexural Strengthened One-Way RC Slabs." Materials 14, no. 24 (2021): 7647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14247647.
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Strengthening existing reinforced concrete (RC) slabs using externally bonded materials is increasingly popular due to its adaptability and versatility. Nevertheless, ductility reduction of the rehabilitated flexural members with these materials can lead to brittle shear failure. Therefore, a new approach for strengthening is necessary. This paper presents a methodology to induce ductile failure of flexural strengthened one-way RC slabs. Ultimate failure loads can be considered to develop the proposed design methodology. Different failure modes corresponding to ultimate failure loads for RC slabs are addressed. Flexural and shear failure regions of RC slabs can be established by considering the failure modes. The end span of the concrete slab is shown for a case study, and numerical examples are solved to prove the essentiality of this methodology.
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Wang, Lijun, Shuai Cheng, Zhen Liao, et al. "Blast Resistance of Reinforced Concrete Slabs Based on Residual Load-Bearing Capacity." Materials 15, no. 18 (2022): 6449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186449.
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In this paper, the blast-loading experiment and numerical simulation are carried out for RC slabs with two typical reinforcement ratios. The time history of reflected shockwave pressures and displacement responses at different positions on the impact surface of the specimens are obtained, and the influence of the reinforcement ratio on the dynamic responses and failure modes of the RC slabs is analyzed. Based on the experimental data, the simulation model of the RC slab is verified, and the results indicate good agreement between the two methods. On this basis, the residual load-bearing capacity of the damaged RC slabs is analyzed. The results show that the load distribution on the impact surface of the slab is extremely uneven under close-in blast loading. The resistance curve shape of the RC slabs varies markedly before and after blast loading, and its load bearing capacity and bending stiffness deteriorate irreversibly. Increasing the reinforcement ratio can impede crack extension, reduce the slab’s residual displacement, and, at the same time, reduce the decrease of the damaged slab’s load-bearing capacity. The findings of this study will provide insights into the anti-explosion design and damage evaluation of RC slabs.
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Valente, Marco. "Numerical Investigations of Different Seismic Retrofit Techniques for Flat-Slab Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 267 (December 2012): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.267.42.
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The construction of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings with flat-slab systems has become widely used in some high seismicity European countries. This type of structure is particularly common both for office and residential buildings, taking advantage of the reduced floor height to meet economical and architectural demands. Even though some national codes may include rules for the design of these structures, the provisions of Eurocode 8 don’t cover flat-slab frames used as part of the lateral load resisting system. Main results of seismic analyses performed on a six-story RC flat-slab structure are reported in this study. The structural response was predicted using both nonlinear static and dynamic analyses with artificial ground motion records with increasing intensity levels. Different seismic retrofit techniques were applied to enhance the seismic performance of the structure including: 1) insertion of shear wall; 2) confinement of column plastic hinge regions using FRP wrapping; 3) addition of RC column jackets. The predicted seismic performance of the retrofitted models was compared to that of the unretrofitted counterpart. Numerical investigations provide information about the seismic performance of a common type of RC structure not covered by the provisions of Eurocode 8 as well as the potential to mitigate the damage for varying earthquake intensity levels through different retrofit techniques.
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Nguyen, Huy Q., Kijae Yang, and Jung J. Kim. "An Efficient Method for Optimizing HPC-FRP Retrofit Systems of Flexural Strengthened One-Way Continuous Slabs Based on ACI 440.2R." Materials 15, no. 23 (2022): 8430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15238430.
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An innovative retrofit system consisting of fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) and high-performance concrete (HPC) considering the difficulty of the accessibility and installation of FRP on the underside of reinforced concrete (RC) slabs was found to be efficient in the flexural strengthening of existing RC slabs. It is important to note that continuous slabs using the FRP-HPC retrofit systems are less effective in exploiting FRP tensile strength and can cause sudden failure once excessively enhanced flexural strength exceeds shear strength. A design method to ensure ductile failure mode was also proposed for strengthened continuous RC slabs in the previous literature. Thus, it is necessary to optimize retrofit systems in terms of mechanical performance aspects to improve the efficiency of retrofitted slabs in serviceability. This study proposes a design method for optimizing the strength of materials and inducing ductile failure of continuous slab retrofitting FRP-HPC systems. The proposed approach demonstrated its effectiveness for strengthening a continuous RC slab with various FRP-HPC retrofit systems through a case study. The results show that the design factored load in the serviceability limit state does not change appreciably from a decrease in carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP) of 38%; the design factored load decreased only by 9% and the ultimate failure load by 13% while reducing CFRP by 20% and HPC by 25%.
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Jin, Huan. "The Effect of Cast-In-Place Floor Slab on Strong Column-Weak Beam Mechanism of RC Frame Structures." Advanced Materials Research 717 (July 2013): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.717.261.
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For understanding the influence of cast-in-place floor slab on the failure mechanism of "Strong column-weak beam", nonlinear finite element simulation of a 1/2-scale one-story, two-bay RC frame specimen has been carried on using DIANA software. The analysis model was designed and constructed according to the design drawings of Xuankou middle school building. Through the comparison and analysis, it shows that the 3 D solid finite element model established is feasible to analyze the mechanical performance of RC frame, and the contribution of cast-in-place floor slab on the negative flexural capacity of frame beam, which is disadvantageous to realize the failure mechanism of "Strong column-weak beam", should not be neglected.
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Draganić, Hrvoje, Mario Jeleč, Goran Gazić, and Sanja Lukić. "Numerical Investigations of Reinforced Concrete Slabs Subjected to Contact Explosions." Buildings 15, no. 7 (2025): 1063. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15071063.
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This study examines the behaviour of reinforced concrete (RC) slabs subjected to contact explosions through experimental investigations and numerical simulations. A contact explosive charge field experiment was conducted on a bi-directionally reinforced RC slab to characterise the resulting damage patterns. The experimental findings revealed localised perforation and substantial deformation of the reinforcement bars without bar rupture. A numerical model employing the RHT concrete and Johnson–Cook steel material models was implemented in Ansys Autodyn (v 2023 R2) to replicate the observed responses. Initial verification was carried out against data from the literature, and calibration was performed using the instantaneous geometric strain (IGS) as the erosion parameter. An optimal IGS value of 0.375 was found to reproduce the experimental damage most accurately. Subsequent parametric analyses of the validated models investigated the influence of slab thickness and reinforcement ratios on blast resistance. The results demonstrated that increasing the slab thickness substantially mitigates perforation, while higher reinforcement ratios improve overall structural integrity. This work confirms the reliability of the calibrated numerical models for predicting the response of RC slabs to contact explosions, and it offers valuable insight into the design of blast-resistant structures.
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Gong, Xiao Ying, and Jun Wu Dai. "Nonlinear Seismic Analysis of Masonry Infilled RC Frame Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 117-119 (October 2011): 288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.288.
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Many RC frame structures were severely damaged or collapsed in some layer. The phenomenon was significantly different from the expected failure mode in seismic design code. This paper comprehensively sums up the earthquake characteristics of masonry infilled RC frame structures. Based on an investigation of a masonry infilled RC frame structure damaged in the earthquake area, conduct the research on frail-layer caused by infill walls uneven decorated. On the hypothesis of keeping the main load-bearing component invariant, two models were considered, i. e. frame with floor slab, and frame with both floor slab and infill wall. Furthermore, divide them into groups of the bottom, the middle and the top frail-layer to discuss by changing the arrange of infill wall. Time history analyses using three-dimensional sophisticated finite element method were conducted. The major findings are: 1)infill walls may significantly alter the failure mechanism of the RC frames. 2)controlling the initial interlayers lateral stiffness ratio in a reasonable range is an effective method to avoid frail-layer damage. These findings suggest that the effects of infill wall should be considered in seismic design, keep the initial interlayers lateral stiffness ratio less than the paper suggested, and the structural elasto-plastic analysis model should take slabs and infill walls into account.
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MAEDA, Hiroshi. "Study on design method for RC slab supported by four piles." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 360 (1985): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1985.360_101.
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Almomani, Yazan, Roaa Alawadi, Ahmad Tarawneh, Abdullah Alghossoon, and Ahmad Aldiabat. "Punching Shear of FRP-RC Slab–Column Connections: A Comprehensive Database." Journal of Composites Science 8, no. 4 (2024): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs8040145.
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Several design standards have been developed in the last two decades to estimate the punching capacity of two-way reinforced concrete (RC) slabs reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement. FRP-RC design standards include the recently published ACI 440.11-22, CSA/S806-12, and JSCE-2007. These models are either based on empirical data or semi-empirical methods and calibrated using different databases. Additionally, these standards do not have provisions for connections with shear reinforcement. Therefore, a reliable worldwide database for developing and assessing the applicability of such provisions with test results is vital. This study presents a worldwide and up-to-date database for punching shear of FRP-RC slabs. The database includes 197 tested connections, comprising interior and edge connections, with and without shear reinforcement, and a wide range of materials and cross-sectional properties. The database was used to evaluate the accuracy of the mentioned standards in predicting the punching shear capacity. For connections without shear reinforcement, it was determined that the three design standards yielded similar performance with different conservatism levels. ACI 440.11-22 yielded the most conservative results, with average Vexp/Vpred ratios of 2.04 compared to 1.28 and 1.3 for other models. For connection with shear reinforcement, specimens with Evf> 100 GPa resulted in Vexp/Vpred ratios less than 1.0 for ACI and CSA standards.
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Atta, Ahmed, Nehal Ali, Mohamed Taman, and Emad Etman. "Improvement the structural behavior of recycled RC elements using CdO nanoparticles." Construction Innovation 18, no. 2 (2018): 134–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-01-2017-0011.
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Purpose This study aims to investigate the use of CdO nanoparticles with recycled aggregates (RAs) and its effect on the structural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) slab elements. Design/methodology/approach The study has been conducted through three phases: in the first phase, the structure of lab-synthesized CdO nanoparticles was investigated and then cement was partially replaced by CdO nanoparticles to estimate the optimum dose. The second phase focused on the properties of the RA collected from demolition wastes. In the third phase, RC slabs with different concrete mixes using RA and CdO nanoparticles were experimentally tested. Findings The results indicated good effect of using CdO nanoparticles with RA to improve the RC slab specimens’ behavior compared with the control specimen. Originality/value In present times, nanoparticles have a promising importance in the construction field. The influence of nanoparticles on the compressive strength of the concrete has been investigated by many researchers, but using it with RA is considered a new topic.
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Faridmehr, Iman, Moncef L. Nehdi, Mehdi Nikoo, and Kiyanets A. Valerievich. "Predicting Embodied Carbon and Cost Effectiveness of Post-Tensioned Slabs Using Novel Hybrid Firefly ANN." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (2021): 12319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112319.
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Post-tensioning has become a strong contender for manufacturing reinforced concrete (RC) members, especially for flat slabs in large-span structures. Post-tensioned (PT) slabs can lead to considerable material savings while reducing the embodied carbon (embodied CO2), construction time, and life cycle maintenance and repair costs. In this research, a novel hybrid Firefly–Artificial Neural Network (Firefly–ANN) computational intelligence model was developed to estimate the cost effectiveness and embodied CO2 of PT slabs with different design variables. To develop the dataset, several numerical models with various design variables, including the pattern of tendons, slab thickness, mechanical properties of materials, and span of slabs, were developed to investigate the sustainability and economic competitiveness of the derived designs compared to benchmark conventional RC flat slabs. Several performance measures, including punching shear and heel drop vibration induced by human activity, were used as design constraints to satisfy safety and serviceability criteria. The economic competitiveness of PT slabs was more evident in larger spans where the cost and embodied CO2 emissions decreased by 39% and 12%, respectively, in PT slabs with a 12-m span length compared to conventional RC slabs. Sensitivity analysis also confirmed that the cost and embodied CO2 emissions were very sensitive to the slab thickness by 86% and 62%, respectively.
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Papapetrou, Vasileios S., Ali Y. Tamijani, Jeff Brown, and Daewon Kim. "Design Optimization of Hybrid FRP/RC Bridge." Applied Composite Materials 26, no. 1 (2018): 249–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10443-018-9691-3.
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Cao, Tuan-Anh, Manh-Tuan Nguyen, Thai-Hoan Pham, and Dang-Nguyen Nguyen. "Experimental Study on Flexural Behavior of RC–UHPC Slabs with EPS Lightweight Concrete Core." Buildings 13, no. 6 (2023): 1372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13061372.
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This paper presents an experimental investigation that focuses on the flexural behavior of an innovative reinforced concrete–ultra-high performance concrete slab with an expanded polystyrene lightweight concrete core. This type of slab is proposed to serve the semi-precast solution, in which the bottom layer is ultra-high performance concrete working as a formwork during the construction of semi-precast slab, the expanded polystyrene lightweight concrete layer is used for the reduction of structure self-weight, and the top layer is normal concrete designed to withstand compressive stress when the slab is loaded. Two similar large-scale specimens with dimensions of 6200 mm × 1000 mm × 210 mm were fabricated and tested under four-point bending conditions to investigate the flexural behavior of composite slab. Test results indicated that three different layers of materials can work effectively together without separation. The bottom ultra-high performance concrete layer leads to the high ductility of the slab and has a good effect in limiting the widening of the crack width by forming other cracks. According to design code ACI 544.4R, a modified distribution stress diagram on the composite section was proposed and proven to be suitable for the prediction of flexural strength of the composite section with an error of 3.4% compared to the experimental result. The effect of the ultra-high performance concrete layer on the flexural strength of the composite slab was clearly demonstrated, and for the case in this study, the ultra-high performance concrete layer improves the flexural strength of the slab by about 11.5%.
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Yang, Jian, Yan Hao, Dang Peng, Jun Shi, and Yi Zhang. "Machine Learning-Based Methods for Predicting the Structural Damage and Failure Mode of RC Slabs Under Blast Loading." Buildings 15, no. 8 (2025): 1221. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15081221.
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Reinforced concrete (RC) slabs are the main load-bearing member of engineering structures, which may be threatened by blast loading. Predicting and analyzing the damage condition and failure mode of RC slab is a necessary means to ensure structural safety and reduce the potential hazards. In this study, two machine learning (ML) models are proposed using data from the published literature and complementary numerical simulations. By comparing six algorithms, it is determined that Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) is the optimal structural damage model and Categorical Boosting (CatBoost) is the optimal failure mode classification model. In addition, the Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) method was used to analyze the importance and correlation of features. The results show that the TNT charge mass, explosion distance, and compressive strength are the key features. On this basis, when the TNT charge mass is more than 2.5 kg, the sensitivity of the explosion distance increases, and when the compressive strength is more than 50 MPa, the impact on the structural damage is not significant. The research results can predict the structural damage and failure modes of RC slab under blast loading quickly and accurately, and provide guidance for the explosion-proof design of RC slabs.
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Mohanasundari, R., and C. Subramanian. "Optimization of Flat Slab Using Genetic Algorithm." Journal of Advances in Civil Engineering and Management 4, no. 3 (2021): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5790665.
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In this study optimization of reinforced concrete flat slab with drop and column head according to the Indian code (IS 456-2000) is presented. The optimum design of reinforced concrete flat slab could reduce its construction cost because it is usually employed in large floor area without any structural framing beams. Flat slabs are highly versatile elements widely used in construction. The objective function is the total cost of the flat slab, which consists of cost of concrete cost of steel and cost of formwork. The structure is designed by using Direct Design Method. Cost of flat slab is optimized by using Genetic Algorithm as a solver, which is an inbuilt optimization tool of MATLAB software. Trial and Error method is carried out to determine the suitable decision variables for optimization of flat slab. Results of optimum and conventional designs were compared.
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Yang, Jian, Jin Sheng Wang, and Xin Peng. "Design and Behavior of RPC Slab Track." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 1100–1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.1100.
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Reactive Powder Concrete is proposed to be used in the ballastless track for its excellent material properties due to existing problems of high speed railway ballastless track. Three different unit types of RPC frame slab track were proposed through optimization design and the mechanical behavior of these frame slab track was analyzed. The results show that the RPC slab track meet the requirements of bearing capacity, the suggested type of RPC slab track is a frame slab with increased thickness because of its higher techno-economic advantages.