Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Relations with Serbians'

Cette recherche vise à analyser l’évolution des représentations de la Serbie en France de 1804 (date des premières insurrections serbes face aux Ottomans) à 1914 pour mettre en lumière le système de représentations qui s’est mis en place autour des Serbes et de leur pays. À l’intérieur de ce système, la construction et l’évolution des stéréotypes sont particulièrement significatives et nous renseignent sur le « capital de représentations » des Français. Les différents types de représentations permettent de cerner les sentiments des acteurs français de l’époque, interrogeant notamment l’existence d’une « question serbe » dans les esprits français dans le contexte plus général de la question d’Orient. Ces questionnements reposent sur la résonnance des images dans les imaginaires mais aussi sur le rôle de la politique : ce travail cherche à comprendre les interactions entre les différentes sphères et leurs conséquences. Pour cela, il faut distinguer l’opinion publique, la sphère politique et le milieu diplomatique. Ainsi l’exemple franco-serbe permet-il d’interroger le mécanisme des cercles de réception français et de les confronter avec l’évolution du contexte européen du long XIXe siècle. À partir de ces observations, ce travail interroge aussi la spécificité politique des relations franco-serbes, tout en prenant le soin de déconstruire la dimension nationaliste de l’historiographie franco-serbe
The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze how the representations of Serbia in France evolved between 1804 (birth of the first Serbian insurrections against the Ottomans) and 1914, to highlight the system of representations that was set up around Serbia and its people. Within this system, the construction and the evolution of stereotypes are especially significant and tell us about the French pool of representations. The different types of representations make it possible to identify the state of mind of the French actors of the time, questioning the existence of a "Serbian question" in the French vocabulary in the more general context of the Eastern question. These questions are based on the resonance of images in the imaginations as well as on the role of politics: this thesis seeks to understand the interactions between different spheres and their consequences. To do this, the public opinion, the political sphere and the diplomatical relationships have to be distinguished. Thus the Franco-Serbian example allows us to interrogate the mechanism of the spheres of reception and to compare them with the evolution of the European context. From these observations, this work permits us to question the political particularity of the Franco-Serbian relations, while the nationalistic dimension of its historiography has to be studied as well

The thesis discusses the remembrance of the Ottoman heritage and presentation of Ottoman culture at the Ethnographic Museum in Belgrade. The study emphasizes the role and importance of memory and historical interpretation in the contemporary museum practice at the museum. The historical memories of a collection of 6 curators will be discussed and represented in order to examine the influence these recollections have on the exhibition of culture in the museum. The thesis gives the reader a further understanding of the mechanisms behind the continuous neglect and lack of appreciation of the Ottoman heritage in the Serbian society. In line with the current research within memory studies, this study focus on a museum as a site of memory, or a "lieux de mémoire" in Pierre Nora's term. The author concludes that there is a lack of awareness and emphasis in the museum on the Ottoman heritage. She also argues that the museum as a site of memory does little to provide for an arena where memories of different cultures and identities are channeled and presented in the society. Further studies should also emphasize museum presentations in other Southeast European countries in order to discuss the ways in which folk culture, cultural history and memory are presented to the public.

Master program in International studies - specialization Eurasian studies

Cette recherche a pour but d’offrir une perspective historique sur relations bilatérales entre la Serbie et la Republika Srpska (RS), quasi-Etat bosno-serbe autoproclamé et sécessionniste réintégré à la Bosnie-Herzégovine d'après-guerre à la suite de l'Accord de paix de Dayton de 1995. Soucieuse de contribuer à la littérature sur les liens entre les Etats-parents et leurs communautés-parents transfrontalières, cette étude entend se concentrer sur les résultats et les effets que ces liens ont pu avoir, dans le cas des coopérations trans-Drina entre la Serbie et sa "communauté parente" bosno-serbes, sur la politique intérieure de la RS. La RS représentant un exemple singulier de "communauté parente", en raison de son statut constitutionnel d’entité fédérée au sein de la Bosnie-Herzégovine et des avantages institutionnels et politiques qui en découlent, permettra de mettre en lumière les spécificités de l’activisme de la Serbie envers l’entité "parente". La variété de ces "ponts sur la Drina", la pluralité des acteurs étatiques et non étatiques qui ont cherché à les construire, et la réciprocité de ces relations, rendues possibles, la possibilité de nouer des "Relations parallèles spéciales" seront examinées ici. Ils aideront à comprendre comment, depuis le milieu des années 2000, le SNSD de Dodik, nouveau parti au pouvoir, s’emploie à mettre en avant et renforcer le statut de quasi-état de la RS, ainsi qu’à revendiquer la reconnaissance d’un statut d’"état dans l’état". Cet agenda a été encouragé et nourri par la semi-institutionnalisation progressive d’un espace d’intégration trans-Drina au cours des deux décennies d'après-guerre
This doctoral research aims to provide an historical perspective on the bilateral relations between Serbia and Republika Srpska, the self-proclaimed secessionist Bosnian-Serb statelet reintegrated to post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina following the Dayton Peace Agreement of 1995. Concerned about bringing a contribution to the literature on the connexions between kin-states and their transborder kin-communities, this study chose to focus on the effects and outcomes that those connexions might have had, in the case of the trans-Drina cooperations between Serbia and its Bosnian-Serb kins, on the Republika Srpska’s internal politics. The specificity of Republika Srpska as an example of kin-community, because of its constitutional and therefore difficultly contestable status of federalised entity within Bosnia and Herzegovina, will enable to highlight unusual results of Serbia’s kin-state activism on the polity. The variety of those " bridges on the Drina " , the plurality of the state and non-state actors that endeavoured to build them, and the reciprocity of those connexions, made possible by the numerous competencies retained by the RS among which the possibility to draw " special parallel relations " will be under scrutiny here. As a matter of fact, they will help to capture how, since the mid-2000s, renewed claims for RS statehood from Dodik’s SNSD, new party in power, had been encouraged and nourished by the progressive semi-institutionalisation of an integrative space across the Drina throughout the two post-war decades

Creative ambiguity as a negotiation strategy is used often in peace agreements and refers to when ambiguities are used in agreements to serve as a positive motivation to get over obstacles. While it has many positive impacts, the use of creative ambiguity also often times shifts the burden of the negotiation phase to the implementations phase, and thus can result into agreements that are not implemented as well as plummeting the relations between the parties affected. This thesis aims to understand how the use of creative ambiguity in the Brussels Agreement between Kosovo and Serbia had an impact on the heightened conflict between the countries. This thesis is a single instrumental case study that illustrates the issue of creative ambiguity through the case of the Brussels Agreement. Through analysing interferences from material mainly collected from both countries’ government websites, this study conducted that the use of creative ambiguity had a harmful impact not only on the relations between Kosovo and Serbia, but also on the implementation of the agreement.

This thesis investigates the diverse ways in which social agents construct the relationship between past, present and future through a study of historical consciousness and its role in the negotiation of identity and shifting power relations in the border region of Southwest Serbia. The focus of the research falls on ethnic relations between Serbs and Bosniaks, who predominantly inhabit the area, and the boundaries that they imagine surround the world they live in. The goal has been to trace the life of these ethnic boundaries, and with it the relationships between those who imagine them by following their transformations in history, as well as to inquire into elements of social patterns that may be discernable within a contextualized and historicized analysis of the region. In order to achieve this, I have analysed the diverse pasts and futures that coalesce in the many 'time spaces' that Southwest Serbia's social actors inhabit in any present moment and from which they (re)construct these boundaries and their identities. The research has been situated within the wider anthropological discussion about the relation of culture (memory) and history and draws on insights made by relevant studies and ethnographies conducted on the territory of the former Yugoslavia. The data presented demonstrates that ethnicity and nationality are not fully crystalized as concepts in Southwest Serbia, their contents are imagined in inconsistent ways in and between social groups, while ethno-national identities and histories are not on the whole felt to be crucial to one's personal sense of self, but are perceived and put to use as malleable political resources. As a result, the most dominant allegiance in Southwest Serbia is to one's family, the only group whose 'essence' escapes political malleability and whose members share a common cross-temporal vision.

xi, 189 p.
Human rights advocates have championed the establishment of a regime of international legal accountability for grave violations of human rights, including genocide. Despite recent advances in establishing a regime of responsibility for individuals, when the International Court of Justice pronounced its 2007 judgment on the first case of state responsibility for genocide, Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro, it exonerated Serbia of the most serious charges. Key to the Court's judgment was its spatialized definition of genocide as 'destruction in part' and its acceptance of Serbia's calculated strategy of legal immunization of establishing the Bosnian territory it sought to annex as a formally separate political entity. Considering the Court's latitude of interpretation regarding these spatial and territorial factors in light of the law, this thesis argues that geopolitical considerations influenced a judgment that will greatly limit the future possibility of any state or individual being found responsible for genocide.
Committee in charge: Shaul Cohen, Co-Chair; Alexander B. Murphy, Co-Chair

The inter-ethnic conflict between Serbs and Albanians in Kosovo have persisted since the war in Kosovo in 1999, even though it has been improved in recent years. A friendly relationship between Serbs and Albanians in Kosovo is vital for the future of Kosovo, and for the security in the Balkan region. The aim with this study is to explain how the relationship between Serbs and Albanians has changed since Kosovo’s declaration of independence in 2008. Interviews have been conducted with six Serbs and six Albanians living in Kosovo. The interviews were mainly based on three key moments which were considered to have had an influence on the inter-ethnic relationship. The results from the interviews showed that these three key moments have resulted in antagonism between, but also within the two ethnic groups. However, the growth of antagonism seems to have been a consequence of how politicians and media on both sides in Kosovohave handled these key moments, rather than as a consequence of the key moments per se.

Disertacija se bavi uticajem odnosa s medijima (MR) na pojedine organizacione i poslovne performanse, u preduzećima u Srbiji. Konkretno, diesrtacija obuhvata uticaj odnosa s medijima (MR) na zadovoljstvo komunikacijom (CS), korporativni kredibilitet (CC), finansijske performanse (FP), distancu moći (PD), orjentaciju ka budućnosti (FO) i suštinsko transformaciono liderstvo (CTL). Podaci su dobijeni anketiranjem N = 394 srednja menadžera iz 123 preduzeća u Srbiji. Od metoda statističke obrade podataka korišćeni su: deskriptivna statistika, korelaciona analiza, regresiona analiza, t-test i hijerarhijska regresiona analiza. Osnovni zaključci istraživanja su: 1. Korelacije između uticaja odnosa s medijima i organizacionih i poslovnih performansi su statistički značajne, snažne i pozitivne, u najvećem broju slučajeva. Najveći uticaj na organzacione i poslovne performanse imaju savremeni mediji. 2. Odnosi s medijima imaju mali uticaj na korporativni kredibilitet, a taj uticaj se ostvaruje, pre svega, preko savremenih medija. 3. Među finansijskim performansama, odnosi s medijima naročito pozitivno utiču na tržišni udeo i rast prodaje. 4. Za povećanje organizacionih performansi, preduzeća bi posebno trebala da posvete pažnju savremenim medijima, kao i prisutnosti direktora u medijima. 5. Za povećanje finansijskih performansi, preduzeća bi posebno trebala da posvete pažnju, kako savremenim, tako i tradicionalnim medijima, pri čemu prisutnost preduzeća u medijima ima prednost nad prisustvom direktora u medijima. 6. Unapređenjem odnosa s medijima, preduzeće stvara dobru osnovu za podizanje nivoa organizacionih i poslovnih performansi.
The dissertation deals with the impact of media relations (MR) on certain organizational and business performances in Serbian companies. Specifically, the dissertation deals with the impact of media relations (MR) on communication satisfaction (CS), corporate credibility (CC), financial performance (FP), power distance (PD), future orientation (FO) and core transformational leader behaviour (CTL). The data were obtained using questionnaires completed by N = 394 middle managers from 123 companies in Serbia. The statistical methodologies that were used in the data analysis are: descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression analysis, t-test and hierarchical regression analysis. The main conclusions of the study are as follows. 1. The correlations between the media relations items and organizational and business performance are statistically significant, strong and positive, in most cases. Modern media have the greatest impact on organizational and business performance. 2. Media relations have little impact on corporate credibility, and that influence is achieved primarily through modern media. 3. In terms of financial performance, media relations have a particularly positive influence on market share and sales growth. 4. To increase organizational performances, companies should pay close attention to modern media, as well as to the presence of the CEO in the media. 5. To increase business (financial) performance, companies should pay considerable attention to both modern and traditional media, while the company’s media presence has an advantage over that of the CEO.

Orientador: Sebastião Carlos Velasco e Cruz
Resumo: O trabalho tem como objeto a perspectiva da Rússia sobre a neutralidade da Sérvia, isto é, a política do país balcânico de não entrada em alianças militares como a OTAN e seu não alinhamento às políticas ocidentais contrárias à Rússia, como sanções e outras resoluções de caráter oficial, que implicam a potencial limitação da integração da Sérvia à União Europeia. Precisamente, objetiva-se compreender: as motivações de tal postura por parte da Rússia com respeito à Sérvia; as razões pelas quais Rússia e Sérvia não desenvolveram uma aliança militar e os motivos pelos quais Moscou não buscou incluir o país dos Bálcãs de forma plena nos projetos de integração política, econômica e securitária liderados pela Rússia; e a maneira como a pauta da neutralidade evoluiu nas relações bilaterais. Nesse sentido, o trabalho avança três argumentos principais. Em primeiro lugar, a defesa russa da neutralidade sérvia se deve primariamente a considerações políticas-ideacionais: ainda que o peso da Sérvia em termos geopolíticos e militares possua significado periférico para Moscou, o posicionamento externo do país balcânico implica uma convergência com as concepções russas sobre a arquitetura de segurança na Europa no Pós-Guerra Fria. Em segundo lugar, a opção pela defesa da neutralidade se impôs sobre a de uma aliança militar e da inclusão plena da Sérvia em projetos de integração russos em virtude, além da indisposição sérvia para tanto, da percepção de repercussões periféricas do posicionamen... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The object of this work is Russia’s perspective on Serbia’s neutrality, that is, the Balkan country’s policy of non-accession to military alliances such as NATO and its non alignment with Western policies contrary to Russia, such as sanctions and other official resolutions, which imply the potential limitation of Serbia’s integration into the European Union. Precisely, this study aims to understand: the reasons behind such positioning by Russia regarding Serbia; the reasons why Russia and Serbia did not develop a military alliance, as well as the reasons why Moscow did not seek to fully include Serbia in political, security and economic integration projects led by Russia; and the way the neutrality agenda evolved in bilateral relations. In this connection, this study advances three main arguments. First, Russia’s defense of Serbian neutrality owes primarily to political-ideational considerations: even if Serbia’s weight in geopolitical and military terms has peripheral meaning for Moscow, the Balkan country’s external positioning implies a convergence with Russian conceptions of the post-Cold War European security architecture. Second, the option for the defense of neutrality has imposed itself over those of a military alliance and the full inclusion of Serbia in Russian integration projects because of, besides Serbia’s own unwillingness to do so, the perception of peripheral repercussions of Serbia’s positioning to Russia’s security in its rivalry with the Western powers. To... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

Les principaux objets de la présente étude sont les récits produits à l’intérieur des entités politiques de Nicée, de l’Épire et de la Serbie entre les années 1204 et 1261. La majorité des précédentes recherches concernant cette période soulignent son irrégularité. Les chercheurs puisent l’explication des phénomènes historiques dans les récits figés de la fragmentation du monde byzantin et de l’indépendance de l’État serbe, présentées comme conséquences de la Quatrième croisade. Ces attitudes sont souvent médiatisées par le concept non défini d’idéologie. En se servant des concepts empruntés à la narratologie et aux théories marxistes, cette thèse conteste ce type d’approche ainsi que la conception d’une relation rectiligne entre les textes et les ‘réalités’ historiques. Les récits y sont définis comme résolutions des contradictions matérielles et l’idéologie en tant qu’ensemble des stratégies narratives employées dans la constitution de subjectivités des personnages et dans la construction de leur espace social. L’analyse des pratiques narratives d’interpellation dans les contextes rhétoriques, juridiques, épistolaires et hagiographiques ouvre la possibilité de réinterprétation des acteurs, des actions et des relations sociales. L’examen de la mise en récit de l’espace dans le cadre trialectique permet d’éclaircir cet élément important de la socialité, d’habitude réduit au statut d’un objet passif au service des intérêts de l’État-nation. Enfin, à la place des métaphores impertinentes de famille et de hiérarchie, le concept d’hétérarchie est suggéré pour théoriser les relations de pouvoir, à l’intérieur des trois États examinés, mais aussi concernant les rapports entre eux. Cette thèse propose d’interpréter les sociétés médiévales à partir de la façon dont les expériences sociales et politiques y étaient racontées, avec deux objectifs en ligne de mire : l’ouverture de la lecture des textes byzantins et serbes en parallèle avec la réflexion sur les pratiques historiographiques contemporaines
The principal objects of this dissertation are narratives produced between 1204 and 1261 in the polities of Nicaea, Epiros and Serbia. Previous studies, for the most part, stress the anomalous character of this period. In their explanations of historical phenomena, historians draw upon fixed modern narratives of the fragmentation of the Byzantine world and the independence of the Serbian state, both seen as consequences of the Fourth Crusade. These arguments are often buttressed by the undefined concept of ideology. Using concepts borrowed from narratology and Marxist theories, this study challenges that line of approach, as well as the notion of an unambiguous nexus between texts and historical ‘realities’. Narratives are defined as resolutions to material contradictions. Ideology is defined as a set of narrative strategies used to constitute the subjectivities of concerned actors and to construct their social space. Analyzing the narrative practices of interpellation in rhetorical, legal, epistolary, and hagiographical contexts opens up the possibility of reinterpreting historical actors, actions and social relations. Examining the narrativization of space in a trialectical matrix sheds light on this important element of sociality, which was previously usually reduced to a passive object at the service of nation-states interests. Finally, the study proposes a concept of heterarchy as a way to replace the unsuitable metaphors of family and hierarchy, frequently used to theorize the power relations both inside and between medieval states. This dissertation offers an interpretation of medieval societies, based on the way their members told stories of their social and political experience. Thus, it has two aims: to diversify the reading of Byzantine and Serbian texts and to prompt modern scholars to rethink their approach to historiographical practice

Dans cette thèse, nous présentons un modèle d’analyse du discours économique et commercial à différents niveaux : énonciatif, lexical, syntaxique, sémantique, pragmatique et sociolinguistique. L’analyse détaillée du corpus spécialisé dans le domaine de l’économie peut grandement contribuer à la définition des caractéristiques spécifiques du discours économique et commercial. En fonction des résultats nous proposons des moyens pour l’application des résultats d’analyse à la didactique de la langue française en proposant les tâches à effectuer dans une perspective actionnelle. Notre hypothèse part du principe qu’en améliorant et en modernisant les méthodes d’apprentissage/enseignement de la langue française, nous répondrons aux demandes et aux besoins langagiers contemporains des apprenants, des entreprises et des institutions en Serbie. L’apprentissage des langues étrangères représente une des grandes priorités pour l’Union européenne dans le cadre de la stratégie Europe 2020. Chaque entreprise, qui veut être plus efficace, plus performante et plus compétitive sur le marché mondial, a besoin d’un personnel parlant la langue du client ou du partenaire d’affaires. Par conséquent, cela nécessite l’adaptation de l’enseignement de la langue française ou plus précisément le français sur objectif spécifique (FOS) ou le français de spécialité (FS) aux conditions socio-économiques actuelles en Serbie. À cet effet, nous consacrons une attention particulière au rôle de la langue dans le travail, à la description des enjeux de la communication professionnelle et aux relations économiques entre la Serbie et la France ainsi qu’avec le monde francophone
In this paper, we present the analytical model of economic and commercial speech on different levels: expository, lexical, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, and sociolinguistic. Detailed analysis specified in the area of economics can greatly contribute to defining the particularities of economic and commercial speech. According to the results, we offer some ways for involvement of the analyzed results to the teaching of the French language, suggesting various tasks, which would be done in action-oriented perspective.Our hypothesis represents the idea that while enriching and modernizing current methods of learning French language, we actually respond to requests and needs of a contemporary language to ones who learn it, to enterprises, and institutions in Serbia. Learning foreign languages presents one of the biggest priorities for European Union in means of their strategy called EU 2020. Every enterprise which has a goal to become more efficient, more successful, and more competitive on the world’s market, needs a person who speaks the language of a customer, or a business partner. According to that, it demands the adjustment of learning French language, and more precisely said, French language for specific purposes, or French language for personal communication under current socio-economic conditions in Serbia. In that purpose, we pay special attention to the role of language in work, in describing parts in professional communication and economic relations between Serbia and France, as well as the relations between Francophone countries

Уводно поглавље садржи образложење наслова и предмета студије, као и критичку анализу досадашњих музиколошких радова о српској црквеној хорској музици између два светска рата. Следеће поглавље посвећено је Традиционалној црквеној уметности, њеним основним појмовима и тумачењима у 20. веку. У њему су теоријски разрађени теолошки аспекти аутентичногцрквеног уметничког стваралаштва, са посебним освртом на проблем уметничкогсимвола и његовог функционисања у литургијској перспективи, те месту музике убогослужењу као сложеној синтези више уметничких врста. Поглавље Црквено-уметничко стваралаштво и црквена хорска музика у српској култури између два светска рата доноси контекстуално сагледавање црквене хорске музике са црквеним сликарством и црквеном архитектуром тога времена, тумачећи достигнућа српских композитора као део укупног процеса развоја православне уметности под дејством традиционалних и модерних елемената. У четвртом поглављу Историја жанра кроз сагледавање богослужбених и концертних елемената – стилско-аналитички наратив као централном делу студије извршена је подела посматраних композиција према стваралачким принципима од наједноставнијих обрада и хармонизација напева до сложених и веома оригиналних поступака са и без сличности са црквеним мелодијама. Примарна анализа допуњена је сагледавањем жанровско-извођачких карактеристика (доминантно богослужбена или концертна пракса) које значајно доприносе одређивању односа између функционалних и уметничких елемената осматраних остварења. У последњем поглављу Закључак поред сумирања најзначајнијих релевантних чињеница из претходног тока студије, уз помоћ одређивања опште хијерархије односа између композиционих поступака (превласт западног или православног елемента), као и кроз препознавање типологије начина усвајања конвенција (спровођење композиционих решења) објективно се дефинишу достигнућа српских аутора црквене хорске музике међуратног периода.Успостављени критеријум третира оба својства ове музике: традиционалнувредност у домену литургијско-функционалне употребе, као и уметничкиквалитет по себи, у оквирима укупног развоја српске музике током прве половине 20. века.
Uvodno poglavlje sadrži obrazloženje naslova i predmeta studije, kao i kritičku analizu dosadašnjih muzikoloških radova o srpskoj crkvenoj horskoj muzici između dva svetska rata. Sledeće poglavlje posvećeno je Tradicionalnoj crkvenoj umetnosti, njenim osnovnim pojmovima i tumačenjima u 20. veku. U njemu su teorijski razrađeni teološki aspekti autentičnogcrkvenog umetničkog stvaralaštva, sa posebnim osvrtom na problem umetničkogsimvola i njegovog funkcionisanja u liturgijskoj perspektivi, te mestu muzike ubogosluženju kao složenoj sintezi više umetničkih vrsta. Poglavlje Crkveno-umetničko stvaralaštvo i crkvena horska muzika u srpskoj kulturi između dva svetska rata donosi kontekstualno sagledavanje crkvene horske muzike sa crkvenim slikarstvom i crkvenom arhitekturom toga vremena, tumačeći dostignuća srpskih kompozitora kao deo ukupnog procesa razvoja pravoslavne umetnosti pod dejstvom tradicionalnih i modernih elemenata. U četvrtom poglavlju Istorija žanra kroz sagledavanje bogoslužbenih i koncertnih elemenata – stilsko-analitički narativ kao centralnom delu studije izvršena je podela posmatranih kompozicija prema stvaralačkim principima od najednostavnijih obrada i harmonizacija napeva do složenih i veoma originalnih postupaka sa i bez sličnosti sa crkvenim melodijama. Primarna analiza dopunjena je sagledavanjem žanrovsko-izvođačkih karakteristika (dominantno bogoslužbena ili koncertna praksa) koje značajno doprinose određivanju odnosa između funkcionalnih i umetničkih elemenata osmatranih ostvarenja. U poslednjem poglavlju Zaključak pored sumiranja najznačajnijih relevantnih činjenica iz prethodnog toka studije, uz pomoć određivanja opšte hijerarhije odnosa između kompozicionih postupaka (prevlast zapadnog ili pravoslavnog elementa), kao i kroz prepoznavanje tipologije načina usvajanja konvencija (sprovođenje kompozicionih rešenja) objektivno se definišu dostignuća srpskih autora crkvene horske muzike međuratnog perioda.Uspostavljeni kriterijum tretira oba svojstva ove muzike: tradicionalnuvrednost u domenu liturgijsko-funkcionalne upotrebe, kao i umetničkikvalitet po sebi, u okvirima ukupnog razvoja srpske muzike tokom prve polovine 20. veka.
The introductory chapter contains anexplanation of titles and subjects of the paper,critical analysis of previous musicologicalworks on Serbian Church Choral Music of theperiod between two World Wars. The followingchapter is devoted to the Traditional ChurchArt, its basic elements and interpretations from20th century. This part of the study brings thecrucial theological aspects of the authenticChurch аrt, with the special attention to theproblem of artistic symbol and its function inthe liturgical perspective, as well as the positionof music in the liturgical service as synthesis ofseveral disciplines of art. The chapter namedChurch-artistic practice and Church ChoralMusic in the Serbian culture between the twoWorld Wars brings contextual view over theChurch Choral Music together with the Churchvisual art and Church architecture of the periodunderstanding the composers efforts as part ofthe whole artistic evolution of the Orthodox artunder traditional and modern influences. Thefourth chapter The history of the genre throughthe balance of the liturgical and concertelements as a central part of the study offerssegmentation of the composed music on thebasis of compositional approach from thesimple harmonisations to the original andcomplex attitudes with or without the usage ofthe chant. This kind of basic analyse is followedby the division of the performing characteristics(the dominant liturgical or concert practice)which can help in understanding the relationbetween functional and artistic elements of thischoral genre. The final chapter Conclusionbeside summaries of the most important factsfrom the previous parts of the study, through thedefinition of hierarchy of the relations betweencompositional approaches (the domination ofWestern or Orthodox elements) and recognitionthe typology of the usage of conventions (theguidance of compositional solutions) bringsobjective evaluation of the Church ChoralMusic composed by the Serbian authors of thisperiod. The final reached criteria offers theevaluation of both meanings of this music: itstraditional level of liturgical and functional roleand its artistic value as part of the generaldevelopment of the Serbian music of first partof 20th century.
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Pola veka nakon ukidanja apsolutizma je u mađarskoj književnosti bio period preporoda, razvoja građanstva, kada su širom Mađarske osnivane nove institucije književnosti i naučnog života. U gimnazijama Bačke i Banata su posle 1867. godine omladinu poučavali visokoobrazovani profesori klasične filologije i književnosti, njihove studije sa tematikom iz istorije književnosti i kritičke recenzije dela su redovito objavljivane u školskim biltenima, a njihovi udžbenici i radovi namenjeni široj publici su bili dostupni i brojnijoj čitalačkoj publici. Pažnja nekolicine učenih profesora somborske i pančevačke gimnazije se tada okrenula prema srpskoj književnosti, nastao je ceo niz prevoda srpskih junačkih pesama i srpske romantične poezije, a pojavili su se i prvi tomovi mađarsko–srpskih rečnika. Prvi roman na mađarskom jeziku je objavljen 1868-e godine u Somboru, da bi se nakon toga do 1918-e razvijao i obogaćivao u sve čistijoj estetskoj formi. U lirici se 1880-ih godina javljaju atmosfera, doživljaj života i predela u Bačkoj i Banatu, dok autori istovremeno i naučnih i beletrističkih putopisa otkrivaju lepote i kulturnu baštinu zavičaja, pa i šire: donjeg toka Dunava, Slavonije i Bosne. Mađarska književnost naših krajeva je u prvih pet decenija postojanja od početnih uspeha stigla do generacije Dežea Kostolanjija (Kosztolányi Dezső), čiji su članovi stvorili najveća dela mađarske književnosti XX veka.
The half century following the eradication of absolutism witnessed the renaissance of literature, the era of embourgeoisement, the time when the new literary and scientific institutions were established throughout Hungary. After 1867 young people in gymnasiums were taught by teachers erudite in classical philology and literature; their papers in literary history and analyses were regularly published in the school reports, and their school textbooks and studies written for the general public reached a wide circle of readers. It was at this time that the interest of a number of teachers in the gymnasiums in Zombor and Pancsova was aroused in Serbian literature; consequently, works of Serbian romantic poetry and heroic songs appeared in Hungarian translation one after the other, and the first Hungarian – Serbian dictionaries were compiled. The first Hungarian novel was published in Zombor in 1868, and was followed by several in aesthetically more and more purified form until 1918. Lyric poetry became imbued with the atmosphere, sensation of life and experience of the landscape of Bácska and Bánát, while travelogues, scientific and literary at the same time, revealed the beauties and the cultural history of the homeland and beyond it of the Lower Danube Region, Slavonia and Bosnia. Within the span of fifty years Hungarian literature of our region developed from its initial successes as far as Dezső Kosztolány’s generation whose members created works worthy of being ranked among the best works of 20th century Hungarian literature

La Serbie n’est certainement pas ce que l’on pourrait désigner comme étant un Etat typique de l’Europe centrale et du Sud-Est. Alliée fidèle de la Russie et de la Chine, elle a subi les plus longues sanctions internationales en Europe et des bombardements de l’OTAN en 1999. Depuis la chute du régime de Milošević en 2000, l’ « enfant terrible » du continent a vocation à adhérer à l’Union européenne, or la tendance n’est clairement pas à l’élargissement. Face aux nombreuses crises (économique, migratoire et démocratique), l’UE parait impuissante à plusieurs égards. Symbole pendant longtemps du développement, de la paix et de la démocratie, elle doit faire face à une perte d’attractivité ces dix dernières années. Toutefois, malgré les doutes de part et d’autre, Bruxelles ne peut pas se permettre de ne pas tendre la main à la Serbie qui a une place centrale dans les Balkans, de par son poids démographique et sa position géostratégique. Le 1er mars 2012, la Serbie a officiellement obtenu son statut de candidat à l’UE. En signant l’accord d’association et de stabilisation, Belgrade s’est engagé à aligner sa législation sur l’acquis communautaire et donc à effectuer de nombreuses réformes. Or, sur fond d’acculturation et de déculturation juridique, des voix s’élèvent contre les réformes en chaîne dans le seul but d’intégrer l’institution européenne. L’un des objectifs de cette thèse est d’éclairer la nature et l’avancée de ces réformes à travers les critères politiques, définis lors du Conseil européen de Copenhague en 1993. Elle étudie les difficultés que la Serbie partage avec tous les Etats du Sud-Est de l’Europe et les difficultés qui lui sont propres, tout en questionnant sur la nécessité et les conséquences de ces changements. L’étude des négociations entre Bruxelles et Belgrade est aussi l’occasion d’apporter un éclairage sur le fonctionnement de l’institution européenne et de constater les limites de l’ambigüité constructive chère à l’UE. Finalement, le comportement de l’Union européenne à l’extérieur de ses frontières est symptomatique de son comportement à l’intérieur
Serbia is certainly not a typical state of Central and Southeastern Europe. A loyal ally of Russia and China, it suffered the longest international sanctions in Europe and NATO bombings in 1999. Since the fall of the Milošević regime in 2000, the "enfant terrible" of the continent is destined to join the European Union. However, the trend is clearly not toward a enlargement. Facing multiple crises (economic, migratory and democratic), the EU seems powerless in many ways. Although the EU has been regarded as a symbol of development, peace and democracy, it has suffered a loss of attractiveness in the last ten years. However, despite doubts on both sides, Brussels cannot afford not to reach out to Serbia, which has a central position in the Balkans, because of its demographic weight and its geostrategic position. In March 2012 Serbia was granted EU candidate status. By signing the Stabilisation Agreement, Belgrade is committed to a gradual harmonization of legislation with the acquis of the European Communities and thus implement many reforms. However, in a context of legal acculturation and deculturation, some voices are rising to denounce a chain of reforms for the sole purpose of joining the European institution. One of our aims is to clarify the nature and progress of these reforms through the political criteria, defined at the Copenhagen European Council in 1993. We will hence study the difficulties that Serbia shares with all the states from Southeast Europe and its own problems, by questioning the necessity and consequences of these changes.The study of the negotiations between Brussels and Belgrade is also an opportunity to examine the functioning of the European institution and to note the limits of constructive ambiguity cherished by the EU. Finally, the behavior of the European Union outside its borders is symptomatic of its behavior inside

Питање експресионистичког наслеђа у поетички вишеслојној савременој српској поезији остало је занемарено у нашој књижевној науци, иако је у питању један од њених највиталнијих традицијских токова. Отуда се отвара значајно поље истраживања бројних интертекстуалних веза и утицаја експресионистичке традиције у поезији најистакнутијих српских песника друге половине XX века (М. Павловић, С. Раичковић, И. В. Лалић, Б. Петровић, Љ. Симовић, А. Ристовић, Д. Смиљанић, Н. Тадић). Утицај експресионистичке поетике у њиховој поезији није био директан и очит, него дубоко и спонтано уткан у њихову самосвојну песничку визију, што ове песнике и чини већ признатим, савременим „класицима” наше поезије. Експресионистичка традиција активирана је у њиховој поезији на стваралачки нов, креативан начин, у постмодернистичком кључу и садејству са другим, често опречним традицијским токовима (од неосимболизма и неонадреализма, до дубинских наслага усменог и средњовековног наслеђа), што је стварало неочекиване интертекстуалне спојеве и нов песнички квалитет.На интертекстуалном и компаратистичком плану, уочавају се бројне духовно-поетичке сродности наших савремених песника са најзначајнијим експресионистичким ауторима у нашем и европском књижевном контексту (М. Црњански, Растко Петровић, Д. Васиљев, Г. Бен, Г. Тракл, Г. Хајм, Е. Ласкер-Шилер).И поред свих специфичности и разлика индивидуалних поетика ових песника, утврдили смо да у њиховој поезији долази до реактуализације готово свих експресионистичких топоса (топоса града, смрти, рата, апокалипсе, „живих мртваца”, космоса/хаоса, дисоцијације и подвојености субјекта, као и топоса божанско/сатанско). Проблематизујући ове експресионистичке топосе у новим књижевно-историјским и цивилизацијским околностима, наши савремени песници отварају бројна питања духовног, личног и колективног идентитета и опстанка човека на крају другог миленијума. Такође, у њиховом песништву издвојили смо низ кључних експресионистичких стилско-реторичких и обликовних поступака, међу којима је на првом месту поступак гротеске и дисторзије, симултаности, црног хумора, колажа и монтаже, дисоцијативног низања слика, одуховљења и апстраховања материје, као и поступак интертекстуалности и цитатности. Утицај експресионистичке поетике огледа се и на формалном плану, у смислу деструкције и деканонизације традиционалних родољубивих и религиозних жанрова, као и усмених, фолклорних облика басми, бајалица, ругалица, гатки. Долази до жанровских померања и преплитања различитих језичко-формалних модела, од традиционалних, класичних облика (најчешће сонета), до слободног стиха и модерног, неоавангардног поигравања језиком и формом песме, односно песме у прози (прозаиде).Истраживање експресионистичког наслеђа показује да су се из поетичке раслојености српског и европског експресионизма развиле и различите неоекспресионистичке струје нашег савременог песништва: критичка, (Љ. Симовић, Б. Петровић, делимично М. Павловић), неосуматраистичка (С. Раичковић), метафизичка (А. Ристовић, Д. Смиљанић), нихилистичка (Н. Тадић), религиозна (једним слојем свог песништва Иван В. Лалић и Новица Тадић).Експресионизам је тако у трајно наслеђе нашој савременој поезији оставио дух критичког преиспитивања свих досадашњих духовних, културних, књижевних, историјских тековина, „певање кризе”, расапа вредности и визију „сумрака човечанства”, намећући се као исходиште даљих, постмодернистичких трагања и преиспитивања граница и моћи певања.
Pitanje ekspresionističkog nasleđa u poetički višeslojnoj savremenoj srpskoj poeziji ostalo je zanemareno u našoj književnoj nauci, iako je u pitanju jedan od njenih najvitalnijih tradicijskih tokova. Otuda se otvara značajno polje istraživanja brojnih intertekstualnih veza i uticaja ekspresionističke tradicije u poeziji najistaknutijih srpskih pesnika druge polovine XX veka (M. Pavlović, S. Raičković, I. V. Lalić, B. Petrović, LJ. Simović, A. Ristović, D. Smiljanić, N. Tadić). Uticaj ekspresionističke poetike u njihovoj poeziji nije bio direktan i očit, nego duboko i spontano utkan u njihovu samosvojnu pesničku viziju, što ove pesnike i čini već priznatim, savremenim „klasicima” naše poezije. Ekspresionistička tradicija aktivirana je u njihovoj poeziji na stvaralački nov, kreativan način, u postmodernističkom ključu i sadejstvu sa drugim, često oprečnim tradicijskim tokovima (od neosimbolizma i neonadrealizma, do dubinskih naslaga usmenog i srednjovekovnog nasleđa), što je stvaralo neočekivane intertekstualne spojeve i nov pesnički kvalitet.Na intertekstualnom i komparatističkom planu, uočavaju se brojne duhovno-poetičke srodnosti naših savremenih pesnika sa najznačajnijim ekspresionističkim autorima u našem i evropskom književnom kontekstu (M. Crnjanski, Rastko Petrović, D. Vasiljev, G. Ben, G. Trakl, G. Hajm, E. Lasker-Šiler).I pored svih specifičnosti i razlika individualnih poetika ovih pesnika, utvrdili smo da u njihovoj poeziji dolazi do reaktualizacije gotovo svih ekspresionističkih toposa (toposa grada, smrti, rata, apokalipse, „živih mrtvaca”, kosmosa/haosa, disocijacije i podvojenosti subjekta, kao i toposa božansko/satansko). Problematizujući ove ekspresionističke topose u novim književno-istorijskim i civilizacijskim okolnostima, naši savremeni pesnici otvaraju brojna pitanja duhovnog, ličnog i kolektivnog identiteta i opstanka čoveka na kraju drugog milenijuma. Takođe, u njihovom pesništvu izdvojili smo niz ključnih ekspresionističkih stilsko-retoričkih i oblikovnih postupaka, među kojima je na prvom mestu postupak groteske i distorzije, simultanosti, crnog humora, kolaža i montaže, disocijativnog nizanja slika, oduhovljenja i apstrahovanja materije, kao i postupak intertekstualnosti i citatnosti. Uticaj ekspresionističke poetike ogleda se i na formalnom planu, u smislu destrukcije i dekanonizacije tradicionalnih rodoljubivih i religioznih žanrova, kao i usmenih, folklornih oblika basmi, bajalica, rugalica, gatki. Dolazi do žanrovskih pomeranja i preplitanja različitih jezičko-formalnih modela, od tradicionalnih, klasičnih oblika (najčešće soneta), do slobodnog stiha i modernog, neoavangardnog poigravanja jezikom i formom pesme, odnosno pesme u prozi (prozaide).Istraživanje ekspresionističkog nasleđa pokazuje da su se iz poetičke raslojenosti srpskog i evropskog ekspresionizma razvile i različite neoekspresionističke struje našeg savremenog pesništva: kritička, (LJ. Simović, B. Petrović, delimično M. Pavlović), neosumatraistička (S. Raičković), metafizička (A. Ristović, D. Smiljanić), nihilistička (N. Tadić), religiozna (jednim slojem svog pesništva Ivan V. Lalić i Novica Tadić).Ekspresionizam je tako u trajno nasleđe našoj savremenoj poeziji ostavio duh kritičkog preispitivanja svih dosadašnjih duhovnih, kulturnih, književnih, istorijskih tekovina, „pevanje krize”, rasapa vrednosti i viziju „sumraka čovečanstva”, namećući se kao ishodište daljih, postmodernističkih traganja i preispitivanja granica i moći pevanja.
The question of expressionist heritage in poetic multilayer contemporary Serbian poetry has been neglected in our literary science, although it is one of its most vital traditional trends. A significant field of research of numerous intertextual ties and influence of expressionist tradition in the poetry of the most prominent Serbian poets of the second half of XX century (M. Pavlović, S. Raičković, Ivan V. Lalić, B. Petrović, Lj. Simović, A. Ristović, D. Smiljanić, N. Tadić) is therefore revealed. The influence of expressionist poetics in their poetry was not direct and obvious, but deeply and spontaneously interlaced in their unique poetic vision, which makes these poets already recognised, contemporary „classics” of our poetry. The expressionist tradition was activated in their poetry in a new inventive and creative fashion, in postmodernism clue, and in interaction with the other, often opponent traditional trends (from neosymbolism and neosurrealism, to deep layers of oral and medieval heritage), which has created unexpected intertextual bonds and new poetic quality.At the intertextual and comparative level, a numerous spiritual and poetic similarities of our contemporary poets with the most significant expressionist authors in our and European literary context can be observed (M. Crnjanski, Rastko Petrović, D. Vasiljev, G. Benn, G. Trakl, G. Heym, E. Lasker-Schüler).Besides all specificities and differences in individual poetics of these poets, we have identified the reactualisation of almost all expressionist toposes in their poetry (toposes of city, death, war, apocalypse, „living deadˮ, cosmos/chaos, dissociative and divided subject, and divine/satan topos). By problematising these expressionist toposes in new literary-historic and civilisation circumstances, our contemporary poets open numerous questions of spiritual, personal and collective identity and survival of a man at the end of second millennium. Furthermore, we have detected a range of key expressionist stylistic-rhetorical and structural procedures, among others primarily the procedures of grotesque and distortion, simultaneity, black humour, collage and montage, dissociative sequence of images, spiritualising and abstracting matter, and the procedure of intertextuality and citationality.The influence of expressionist poetry is also reflected on a formal plan, in terms of destruction and decanonization of traditional patriotic and religious genres, as well as oral, folk forms of chants, incantations, mocking poems, tales. There has been genres shifting and interlacing of different language and formal models, from traditional, classical forms (most4often sonnets), to free verse and modern, neoavant-garde play with the language and the form of a poem or a prose poem.The research of expressionist heritage shows that different neoexpressionist currents of our contemporary poetry have developed from the poetic diversity of Serbian and Europe expressionism: critical (Lj. Simović, B. Petrović, partially M. Pavlović), neosumatraistic (S. Raičković), metaphysical (A. Ristović, D. Smiljanić), nihilistic (N. Tadić), religious (in a layer of their poetry Ivan V. Lalić and Novica Tadić).The expressionism has thus left a spirit of critical questioning of all present spiritual, cultural, literal, historic inheritance, „singing the crisis”, destruction of values and vision of „dusk of mankindˮ as a permanent heritage in our contemporary poetry, placing itself as an outcome of further postmodern searches and questioning of limits and power of poetry.