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Humphries, Eddie James. "The relationship between topography and soil moisture distribution." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39059.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1996.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 144-146).<br>by Eddie James Humphries, Jr.<br>M.S.
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Tang, Wilfred. "The relationship between corneal topography and visual performance." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2001. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36759/1/36759_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
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Computer-aided videokeratoscopes have become the instrument of choice to investigate corneal topography because of their ability to provide a comprehensive description of the corneal shape. The work reported in this thesis is primarily related to the analysis of corneal topography in groups with wide ranging corneal shapes and the relationship between corneal shape and visual performance.
The performance of different types of videokeratoscopes in measuring test surfaces and real eyes was initially evaluated. Three placido-disk videokeratoscopes (Keratron, Medmont and TMS) and the PAR-CTS videokeratoscope which uses the raster-stereogrammetry technique were evaluated. The accuracy and precision performance of these instruments in measuring the central 7 .0 mm horizontal chord of a spherical, an aspheric, a multicurve and three bicurve (5.0, 6.5, 8.5) test surfaces was compared with Talysurf readings. The results of the study indicated that the Keratron and Medmont videokeratoscopes were more accurate and precise than the TMS and PAR-CTS videokeratoscopes, especially in measuring the regular test surfaces (sphere and asphere). However, videokeratoscopic measurements for the irregular test surfaces were less accurate and less precise for all instruments.
Videokeratoscopic measurements of real eyes are expected to be less repeatable than test surfaces due to factors such as the quality of pre-corneal tear film and small eye movements. The precision of videokeratoscopic measurements for real eyes was investigated for 54 subjects over two visits. The recruited subjects with normal and abnormal corneal shapes were classified into the control, corneal graft, keratoconus, orthokeratology and refractive surgery groups for analysis. The refractive surgery group of subjects were further divided into those who had undergone the radial keratotomy (RK), photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) procedures. Precision of the corneal topography maps were evaluated for the 4 mm and 7mm diameters, which are approximations of photopic and mesopic pupil sizes.
In general, measurements taken by the Keratron and Medmont videokeratoscopes of real eyes were found to have good precision. However, the precision of the elevation data (for the horizontal meridians of the standard deviation corneal maps) was found to become increasingly poorer away from the centre of the map. The worst repeatability (maximum error= 3.9 μm) occurred at a point which was 3.4 mm from the centre of the standard deviation map. In comparison, elevation data of spherical and aspheric test surfaces were also less repeatable at points which were further away from the centre of the maps and the precision of videokeratoscopic measurements of these test surfaces were better than real eyes, as anticipated.
Corneal topography maps of subjects were fitted using Zernike polynomials to investigate the defining topographical characteristics of normal and abnormal corneal shapes. In addition, a root mean square (RMS) index of corneal topography was also derived to provide an overall measure of higher-order corneal aberrations.
Topographical characteristics of 65 subjects with a range of corneal shapes were evaluated by fitting the elevation data of corneal topography maps using 30 terms of the Zernike polynomials for 4 mm and 7mm diameters. The values of the Zernike coefficients for control subjects were significantly different to subjects with abnormal corneas, especially for the corneal graft, keratoconus and RK subjects. Corneal shapes of control subjects were found to be adequately described using 11 Zernike terms or less. In comparison, topography maps of subjects with highly distorted corneas were found to require many higher-order Zernike terms such as primary coma, trefoil, tetrafoil, pentafoil and sextafoil-like shapes for their descriptions. The results of the analysis also showed that corneal shapes of orthokeratology and PRK/LASIK subjects were similar to normal subjects, especially in the central corneal regions.
Six vision tests based on the high and low contrast Bailey-Lovie and PelliRobson charts were used to evaluate the visual performance of the 65 subjects under glare, photopic and mesopic conditions. Test scores of the subjects were found to be repeatable for the different vision tests, even though visual performance of subjects with abnormal corneas was observed to be more variable than control subjects.
Visual performance of subjects with abnormal corneal shapes was found to be significantly worse than the control subjects, especially for the low contrast Bailey-Lovie and Pelli-Robson letter charts. This finding was consistent with previous studies where visual performance of corneal graft, keratoconus and refractive surgery subjects for the low contrast vision tests has been found to be reduced more than their high contrast visual acuity. In addition, differences in test scores of subjects for the high and low contrast Bailey-Lovie vision tests were also investigated. It was found that evaluating test score differences for these vision tests may be a useful method of assessing visual performance of subjects with abnormal corneas.
Using a ray tracing technique, RMS values (representing the total residual refractive powers of the corneas) were derived from corneal topography maps to determine the relationship between corneal topography and visual performance of subjects with a range of corneal shapes. It was found that visual performance of the subjects for the six vision tests was significantly correlated to RMS, especially for the low contrast Bailey-Lovie vision test performed without glare (r = 0.60). Predictions of visual performance were found to be even better when logarithm of the RMS values was used for the correlation, and test scores of subjects with corneal opacities were excluded from the data analysis. The correlation value for the low contrast Bailey-Lovie vision test ascertained under these conditions was found to have improved (r = 0.83). Standard errors of estimate analysis further suggested that the RMS of subjects with abnormal corneas could be used to predict their visual performance for high and low contrast letter charts. RMS values are directly related to the higher-order aberrations of the corneas and can potentially be used as an index of overall higher-order aberrations.
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Khodr, Ali. "Planning a sectarian topography : revisiting Michel Ecochard's master plans for Beirut between 1941-1964." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111541.
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Thesis: S.M. in Architecture Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2017.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "June 2017."<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 118-122).<br>Scholarly discourse around the work of French architect and urban planner Michel Ecochard in the early days of the Lebanese nation state frames his master plans for the capital Beirut as modernist tools for an ailing urban agglomeration, without considering the possible ramifications these plans could have had on the social and sectarian structure of the city. Throughout the scope of this thesis, I will present a re-reading of Ecochard's work, detailing how he introduces an urbanity of social integration in a sectarian city rife with sporadic acts of urban violence. I will also argue that Ecochard's planned interventions are based on a careful reading of Beirut's socio-political and economic divisions following Lebanon's independence in the 1940's, and throughout the nation-building era in the 1960's. By studying and analyzing Ecochard's personal archives, notes and drawings; I will maintain that Ecochard's plans for the city reflect his vision for the peaceful integration of communities by promoting access, functionality and the articulation of communal public spaces, rather than viewing the plans solely as the agents of urban modernization. Reflecting upon the broader discourse of Ecochard's planning initiatives across Lebanon, at the time, I seek to position the architect/planner within the shifting political contexts of post-independence Lebanon. I will also address the nuances experienced by Ecochard as he attempts to intervene on Beirut within two spatial and temporal moments. The first concerned with planning a colonially inherited city. And the second, occurring at a time when Beirut becomes an economically driven safe haven, coinciding with the presence of a nationalist political agency attempting to restructure the capital with the intention of strengthening social and urban integration. The similarities and discrepancies surrounding the shifting architectural and urban dynamics between the 1941 and 1963 Plans will be key to this study.<br>by Ali Khodr.<br>S.M. in Architecture Studies
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Siaway, George N. F. "Evaluation of the relationship between indoor radon and geology, topography and aeroradioactivity." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/4534.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2009.<br>Vita: p. 267. Thesis director: Douglas Mose. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Science and Public Policy. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed June 10, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 259-266). Also issued in print.
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Sullivan, John P. (John Patrick) 1960. "The relationship between organizational architecture, product architecture, and product complexity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9759.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, February 1999.<br>"November, 1988."<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-90).<br>The aircraft gas turbine product architecture and manufacturing infrastructure are used to show the importance in the relationship between the organizational architecture and product architecture. The product complexity, organizational complexity and new product development costs are compared for three major aircraft gas turbine producers spanning the market from 2500 pounds to 100,000 pounds of thrust. It is found that organizational response to product complexity varies widely, resulting in a factor of 2 to 3 in both cycle time and cost for new product development, depending on the enterprise. A relationship between the product complexity and organizational complexity is established based on the documented product development procedures within these companies, and a proportionality is observed between the product complexity derived from the procedures and the expended resources required to develop new products.<br>by John P. Sullivan.<br>S.M.
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Crosby, A. G. "Aspects of the relationship between topography and gravity on the earth and moon." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598177.
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The thermal and mechanical structure of the lithosphere is the primary control on a planet’s geology, and is most commonly investigated using global or regional topography and gravity data. In this dissertation, the relationship between the two is used to investigate the lithosphere on the Moon and under the Earth’s ocean basins. Analysis of the relationship between gravity and topography on the nearside of the Moon, using line-of-sight accelerations from Doppler tracking of the Lunar Prospector spacecraft, indicates that <i>T<sub>e</sub></i> increased from less than 7 km to greater than 40 km between the time the oldest terrain formed and the most recent giant impacts. The increase is most simply interpreted in terms of the cooling and thickening of the lunar lithosphere, although the variation of <i>T<sub>e</sub></i><sub> </sub>is not well-described using simple thermal history models. Modelling of sometimes sparse topographic measurements above large seamounts using grids of satellite-derived sea-surface gravity indicates that, in the Earth’s oceans, <i>T<sub>e</sub></i> coincides roughly with the depth to the 300 ± 100°C isotherm at the time of loading. However, there is considerable scatter, and the interpretation is complicated by viscous relaxation, breaks in the plate, and uncertainty about the density of the load. The cooling thermal plate model has been used for the last 30 years to describe the subsidence of the ocean floor. However, an analysis of the average seafloor depth as a function of age shows that, in the absence of thickened crust and dynamic topography generated by mantle convection, the plate model does not provide a good description of the average topography of the ocean floor at ages greater than approximately 85 million years. There is evidence for a slight, temporary swallowing between the ages of 85-130 million years in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, which is consistent with the outcome of early numerical experiments on the instability of a cooling thermal boundary layer. Nevertheless, the thermal plate model, with a plate thickness of approximately 90 km, does appear to provide a good description of the average subsidence of, and heat flux through, the oldest sea floor. An analysis of the relationship between gravity and topography over dynamic swells and depressions in the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and Central Africa indicates that gravity and topography are highly coherent at intermediate and long wavelengths, and that the admittance does not vary significantly with wavelength. This is in contrast to the predictions of early theoretical calculations. The long-wavelength admittance over marine dynamic topography is 30 ± 5 mGal km<sup>-1</sup>, and the admittance over dynamic topography in central Africa is approximately 40 mGal km<sup>-1</sup>. An analysis of the results of asthenospheric seismic tomography under the Pacific Ocean, using a recently-published parameterisation of SV-velocity in terms of temperature and depth, indicates that the intermediate and long-wavelength gravity field does not result primarily from temperature anomalies within the lower part of the asthenosphere.
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Mathews, Vinay A. "The Correlative Relationship Between Music and Architecture." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337289151.
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Litwin-Kumar, Ashok. "Relationship between neuronal architecture and variability in cortical circuits." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2013. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/312.
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The connectivity of cortical neuronal networks is complex, exhibiting clustered network motifs and ensembles of neurons with high connection probability. However, the significance of these connectivity properties for computation and dynamics in cortex is unclear. In this thesis, I present several studies concerning the behavior of model cortical neurons receiving input from a surrounding network. I begin by studying pairs of neurons, investigating how overlapping excitatory and inhibitory inputs control the statistics of their outputs. I then study fully recurrent networks of neurons with nonuniform connection structures in the form of highly connected neuronal assemblies. These assemblies represent functionally related subsets of neurons, and I investigate their collective behavior in both spontaneously generated activity and evoked conditions. I show that the presence of assembly structure in recurrently coupled, balanced excitatory-inhibitory networks introduces slow timescales in the networks’ dynamics and relate these modeling results to the experimental literature. Next, I present results on how these assemblies form and are maintained with realistic models of synaptic plasticity. In total, these results represent a step toward understanding how connectivity can be modified by sensory experience, and how these changes in turn shape cortical dynamics.
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Walsh, John Michael. "The relationship between surfactant architecture and liquid crystal formation." Thesis, University of Salford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419305.
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Taljaard, Louise. "Mapping the relationship between knowledge management and information architecture." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8072.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-115).<br>This dissertation defines knowledge in terms or traditional epistemological ideals and as a strategic resource. Knowledge management is defined in terms or the ability or organizations to manage knowledge as a strategic resource in order to gain all advantage from it. In the knowledge management framework, knowledge is presented as a continuum consisting of tacit, implicit and explicit knowledge. Tacit and implicit knowledge is managed through the acknowledgement of the social nature of knowledge. One method to achieve this is communities of practice. On the other end of the spectrum, explicit knowledge is very close in nature and character to information. Due to the expansion of available information resources the design and structure of information (explicit knowledge) for effective retrieval has become very important. Information architecture is a field that specializes in the design and structure of information for effective retrieval. Traditional information architecture tools such as metadata and subject classification address some of the issues, but experience difficulty in heterogeneous environments such as the Internet. Topic maps are considered as a possible solution to the concerns of metadata classification and subject based classification. Due to the extent and nature of the information recorded in a topic map, it becomes an information resource in itself. Topic maps also act as an enabling technology for knowledge management as it maps the complex relationships between concepts and include a range of information resources. The conclusion of this dissertation is the representation of a conceptual model based on the themes developed in this dissertation. The main advantage of the conceptual model is the clear and direct link between knowledge management and information architecture.
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Gao, Yuan. "Sports Center (relationship between architectural space and exercise performance)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90782.
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Function is the first priority of designing architecture. Function lets architectural space serve human body movement properly.
Today, there are many sport centers( gyms) for people to choose. Most of the gyms are simply rooms with machines. Athough their spaces can fulfill the basic demands of a workout gym (function), the function of gym design is not only to give people spacce to work out, but slao to use the architectural space to improve exercise performance.
As a bodybuilder and powerlifter for seven years, I have competed in bodybuilding. I am also planning to compete in powerlifting. So, I want to use my knowledge and experience of training to imrove the exercise performance through design of the architectural space.<br>Master of Architecture
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Anderson, Curtis Warren. "The relationship between design theory and architectural practice." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23406.
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Rahardjo, Mauro Purnomo. "The relationship between Balinese cultural values and Balinese house form." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332785.
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Lin, Susan C. (Susan Chu). "Architectural mediators : a study of the relationship between architects and developers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79956.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1990.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-127).<br>This thesis contains basic understanding of the roles of the architect and the developer in t he American real estate industry. The thesis concluded that roles the architect and the developer play in the development process are close related t o their incentives for entering the business, their motivation in work and the skills they possess. These elements al l together form the architect I s and the developer I s perceptions of their roles. Based on their own perception, both the architect and the developer redefine their performance in their actual practice. As a result, the actual roles played by most developers and architects are o f ten inconsistent with what is presumed by the real estate industry. In other words, there are discrepancies existing between the expectation and performance. The thesis proposes that the architect ural mediator, as one form of mediators, can facilitate between the developer and the architect in the development process and brings mutual benefits to both part i es. Architectural mediators in this thesis refer t o those architects who work for developer s and are actively involved in the decision making process and the management of the development process. A case study i s provided as one example of how such an architectural mediator functions in the development process.<br>by Susan C. Lin.<br>M.S.
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Forslund, Kristoffer. "The relationship between orthology, protein domain architecture and protein function." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för biokemi och biofysik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-62152.
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Lacking experimental data, protein function is often predicted from evolutionary and protein structure theory. Under the 'domain grammar' hypothesis the function of a protein follows from the domains it encodes. Under the 'orthology conjecture', orthologs, related through species formation, are expected to be more functionally similar than paralogs, which are homologs in the same or different species descended from a gene duplication event. However, these assumptions have not thus far been systematically evaluated. To test the 'domain grammar' hypothesis, we built models for predicting function from the domain combinations present in a protein, and demonstrated that multi-domain combinations imply functions that the individual domains do not. We also developed a novel gene-tree based method for reconstructing the evolutionary histories of domain architectures, to search for cases of architectures that have arisen multiple times in parallel, and found this to be more common than previously reported. To test the 'orthology conjecture', we first benchmarked methods for homology inference under the obfuscating influence of low-complexity regions, in order to improve the InParanoid orthology inference algorithm. InParanoid was then used to test the relative conservation of functionally relevant properties between orthologs and paralogs at various evolutionary distances, including intron positions, domain architectures, and Gene Ontology functional annotations. We found an increased conservation of domain architectures in orthologs relative to paralogs, in support of the 'orthology conjecture' and the 'domain grammar' hypotheses acting in tandem. However, equivalent analysis of Gene Ontology functional conservation yielded spurious results, which may be an artifact of species-specific annotation biases in functional annotation databases. I discuss possible ways of circumventing this bias so the 'orthology conjecture' can be tested more conclusively.<br>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 6: Epub ahead of print.
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Baillie, Alice Lydia. "The relationship between leaf cellular architecture and leaf-level photosynthesis." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19798/.
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Lawson, Michael Wayne. "Relationship Between Line and Tone." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83777.
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This project is the search for a room. The search included that which is sensible through tone, and that which is intelligible through line. Tone and color were used to paint the sensible, geometric constructions were used to understand the intelligible. The constructed axonometric drawings became both sensible and intelligible in the way that their very construction is an active reconstitution of the charred contours of a dream.
This project began with a glass of Scotch, which is a container of a world; dreamlike, smoky, and ethereal. It ended with drawings of a room; a reconstitution of a dream.<br>Master of Architecture
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Goldstein, Mark (Mark E. ). 1968. "The relationship between real estate investment trusts and building-centric telecommunications providers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32188.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2000.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-57).<br>This exploratory paper will examine the business relationships that have developed between REITs and building-centric telecommunications providers (BCTPs), including what types of business relationships are being formed between them, why they are being formed and what is important about these relationships. It shall be demonstrated that though there are a number of driving forces behind the proliferation of the REIT/BCTP relationship, including direct economic benefits to REITs and the influence of Wall Street, it is the indirect economic benefits that ultimately drives this relationship.<br>by Mark Goldstein.<br>S.M.
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Shabha, Ghassan Saleem. "The relationship between design and flexibility of school buildings in use." Thesis, University of Bath, 1991. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280605.
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Chogle, Shafeea. "The sacred and the everyday: exploring the relationship between religious space and public." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28077.
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This dissertation began with an interest in the relationship between religious space and the public realm, and a curiosity into the capacity of religious spaces to participate in and construct public. This interest, while conscious of global ideas surrounding the role of religion in the global south, is strongly rooted in the emerging urban conditions of the Delft settlement in Cape Town. Where historically the secular and the sacred have been separated along the same lines as the physical and spiritual, rational and irrational, modern and traditional, public and private (Gravelling, 2010: 198); this dissertation maintains to move beyond these separations and instead explore the overlaps, connections, and mediations, in a context where religious entities are actively taking hold of the spaces the secular has failed to fill. In this context, characterised by poor quality environments, high densities, and weak institutional presence, religious space has emerged into the public realm, thus becoming the intersection of public and private, of visible and invisible worlds. The project therefore departs from the position that religious space is a material asset capable of advancing social capital, facilitating networks, offering refuge, and providing a platform for the social and public life of a community.
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Pelka, Edward Zachary. "Relationship between Muscle Architecture and Concentric Movement Velocity during Resistance Exercise." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1619878216536701.
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Lamb, Sara Katherine. "Examining the relationship between avifauna and green roofs in Mississippi's humid-subtropical climate." Thesis, Mississippi State University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1596066.
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<p> Human settlement displaces and fragments natural habitats. Design choices in the landscape directly affect both local diversity and extinction rates. This study seeks to understand how avifauna are responding to this new technology in Mississippi.</p>
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Koronis, Nikolaos. "Total design : on the relationship between objects and buildings in modern architecture." Thesis, Open University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525844.
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Taylor, Rafaela. "Eating Disorder: Re-Thinking the Relationship between Food and Architecture in Umeå." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Arkitekthögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-108520.
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Food is something that we all have in common. We need it to survive and although we don’t always notice it, it has structured our relationships, homes, communities, countryside and cities for as long as humans have been around. The invention of farming led to the first static settlements, thus, enabling the evolution of cities. In Sweden, the way people live and eat has changed drastically over the last fifty years. A society that was previously made up of clusters of small self-sufficient family-run farms has urbanised rapidly becoming one of the least self-sufficient, supermarket-dominated countries in Europe. Current housing developments such as Tavleliden (described by the municipality as a ‘nature-oriented’ area) on the outskirts of Umeå are designed and marketed in a way that encourages its residents to do little else but drive to the shops and consume. In order to reach optimistic population and economic growth goals, politicians in Umeå hope that the rapid rate of urbanisation will continue. Many decisions, such as building new roads, covering up valuable agricultural land, subsidising large out-of-town retail centres and cutting down on services in surrounding villages are being justified because of these expectations. The landscape is not only becoming defined by cars and places to shop, but it seems the only people being catered for are those with money to spend. The favouritism towards large corporations has not only made life almost impossible for independent businesses in the city to survive, (the number of independent food shops in the city centre has gone from thirty-six in 1950 to just one upmarket delicatessen in 20142), but according to Bjorn Forsberg they are also making it difficult for small food shops and farms outside Umeå - and the communities that rely on them to survive. While many middle-class families with jobs in the city are choosing to move to the suburbian developments outof- town, people whose livelihoods may have depended on the land are being forced to move into the town. Some of us may find the experience of visiting a supermarket bland. Others may find the permanent and predictable choice of products from all over the world thrilling. Whatever our differing opinions, the fact is that, as there is very little else to choose from, whether we want to or not, in Umeå we all rely on them. If we start trying to imagine the length of roads, train lines, airports, food-distribution centres and ferries that need to work faultlessly day in and day out delivering enough food for almost 300,000 meals a day to Umeå alone, we realise how important, but also how dependent the current food network is. If this system failed in Sweden, unlike many other counties who stock reserves, there would be a food crisis in only two days. By emphasising the benifits of organic and offering connections to the production process Swedish food businesses such as Minfarm, Älvåkern and phone applications like ‘Bonde På Köpet’ are working to increase the appeal of locally produced food, though still cater for a largely middle-class market. Other producers in Västerbotten such as Hallnås or Baggböle Gård, are either relient on the neo-liberal supermarket system to sell their products or if they do sell directly to clients currently lack the resources to make themselves known. You may wonder why I think that this matters and why it has any relation to architecture. If there’s food on the shelves, what’s wrong with continuing with business as usual? If ‘we are what we eat’, I would also argue that the design of our cities, homes (and of course, the hinterland that we rely on!) are also a result of ‘what we eat’. But, as the English architect Carolyn Steel points out in her book Hungry City “No government, including our own, has ever wanted to admit its dependency on others for sustenance.” Arne Lindström, the regional manager for The Federation of Swedish Farmers (LRF) has similar concerns. In a recent article in Västerbotten’s Kuriren he exclaims: “The reason why we have to farm seems to have been lost during an era of abundance. That food is essential is actually no longer obvious, and it is even less obvious that agriculture’s primary task is precisely to produce our food.” So, it seems that as a city we care very little about our food. We are happy to exchange valuable arable land for a large shop that sells cheap mass-produced furniture. We are happy to drain our hinterlands of the people and expertise that know how to produce food. We are happy to keep building more supermarkets and ordering catalogue houses that require more cars and more oil. What if instead, there was an architecture that allowed another kind of living? One that was less dependent on cars and imported food. One that encouraged residents to be producers as well as consumers. Maybe an alternative to the secluded suburbs and souless supermarkets that are being planned all around the city. An architecture that allows communities develop that are more connected to the land and the food that it eats. This thesis will explore these ideas.
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Abranches, Rita. "Relationship between nuclear architecture and expression of genes and transgenes in plants." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323387.
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Heffron, Michael Thomas. "To build with light : an exploration into the relationship between light, space, and built form." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67259.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1989.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 110-111).<br>The purpose of this thesis is to look at how light works with form to generate space. The thesis attempts to deal with the physical reality that light, space and form exist in a symbiotic relationship. The thesis deals with this relationship by exploring the architectural phenomenon that are generated from this relationship. It therefore does not try to deal with light in a technical manner, nor does it attempt to delve into the metaphysical and emotive qualities that can be attributed to light. The thesis uses a cyclical process of observation, analysis and testing. A wide range of references are presented both in the form of images and actual built lighting models. These are organized into five categories of light phenomenon and analyzed for underlying principles of the light form relationship. The principles abstracted from this research are then tested in a design.<br>by Michael Thomas Heffron.<br>M.Arch.
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Yusof, Ahmad Shukri. "Towards a national architecture : the relationship between Enlightenment philosophy and symbolic elements in Scottish architecture 1750-1850." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392042.
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Amoah-Nyako, Joseph. "The relationship between hospital reception and waiting area design and their appropriateness in use." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.290907.
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Surmeli, Biricik Gozde. "Relationship Between Settlement Location And Morphological Landform: A Gis Method Applied To Cankiri Province." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1079292/index.pdf.
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This study aims to develop a method to investigate the relationship between settlement
locations and the morphological landforms using geographical information systems (GIS).
The method is applied to Ç<br>ankiri province, a mountainous terrain, which is covered in
seventy-seven sheets of topographic maps at 1:25.000 scale.
Three databases are created and used in this study: 1) Settlement database comprising
various topographic and landform attributes of 891 settlements, 2) Morphological landform
database composed of 4042 landform polygon elements digitized from 1:25.000 topographic
maps, and 3) Topographic database containing the digital elevation model of the area and
its derivatives.
The first step in the algorithm is to classify the area into four main landform classes, namely,
valley, slope, flood and top. Unsuitable landforms are then clipped out based on the
thresholds derived from three topographic properties (elevation, slope and aspect).
Accordingly, about 2 % of the settlements and 12 % of the area are removed. The
relationship is investigated using the percentages of remaining settlements and landform
classes. Further analyses such as position of the settlement within the landform polygon and
type of the nearest landforms are carried out for final interpretation.
Following conclusions are reached on the relationship between settlement location and
morphological landforms:
- Percentages of settlements for flood, valley, slope and top are 8.37, 27.52, 58.60
and 5.50, respectively. Considering the percentages of the landforms provided in the
area, however, valley is the most preferred landform followed by flood type. Slope
and top landforms are less preferred. About 86 % of the settlements are
concentrated along valley-slope boundary.
- Morphological boundaries of flood and top landforms are consistent with the
settlement zones. The valley-slope boundary, on the other hand, which is the most populated area, cross-cut the settlements zones.
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Kelly, Shawn Timothy 1955. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VISUAL PREFERENCE AND SPATIAL SCALE IN OUTDOOR URBAN PLAZAS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276439.
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Zhang, John. "Towards a new normal : the changing relationship between foreign and Chinese architects in contemporary China." Thesis, Royal College of Art, 2018. http://researchonline.rca.ac.uk/3510/.
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The period since the implementation of ‘Reform and Opening Up’ in 1978 constitutes the longest continuous engagement between foreign and Chinese architects since the founding of the modern architecture profession in China at the beginning of the 20th century. This thesis examines the relationships between foreign and Chinese architects in China, through an evaluation of the historic evolution of these relationships, an assessment of the contemporary challenges facing these relationships, and a speculation on the nature of these relationships in the future. In addressing this subject area, the thesis relies on a qualitative and heuristic research methodology framed within the context of Grounded Theory, drawing from over sixty first-hand interviews with both foreign architects, Chinese architects, architectural educators, architectural students, developer clients, and government planners in eight different Chinese cities, as well as case studies of seven completed architectural projects in China. The thesis challenges the common perception that the nature of engagement between foreign and Chinese architects in the post-Mao era is historically unique. Despite distinctively different political, economic, cultural, and social contexts, foreign architects have maintained a persistent presence in China since the beginning of the 20th century. As such, the current and future role of foreign architects in China cannot be discussed in isolation, but viewed as part of a historical relationship which continues to this day, and may continue in the future. The thesis also argues that there is a cyclical pattern of historic interaction between foreign and Chinese architects, in which each period of engagement begins with foreign architects playing an instigative and catalytic role in the evolution of the profession and the discourse, before their influence wanes as it becomes incompatible with shifting political, economic, and cultural conditions. The thesis contends that we are witnessing the end of another such cycle of engagement between foreign and Chinese architects, made evident by the emergence of a series of existential challenges facing foreign architects in China. The uninterrupted period of sustained engagement between foreign and Chinese architects in the post-Mao era has led to the distortion, erosion, and fragmentation of the foreign architects role, and the weakening of their position against their Chinese peers. As such, the thesis proposes that an emerging professional paradigm under the so-called ‘New Normal’ represents a significant break from past cycles, in which the future of foreign architects in China will be predicated on the value of their offer within a more equal and collaborative professional environment built on Chinese terms and led by Chinese voices.
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Mikrut, Marek. "Low surface energy rubber materials relationship between network architecture and tack of silicone rubbers /." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2007. http://doc.utwente.nl/58028.
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Cannon, Stephen J. "Analysis of the relationship between partially dynamic Bayesian network architecture and inference algorithm effectiveness." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3181.
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Thesis (M.S.)--George Mason University, 2007.<br>Vita: p. 192. Thesis director: Kathryn Blackmond Laskey. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Systems Engineering. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Aug. 13, 2008). Additional zip folders contain software, thesis defense powerpoint and analysis documents. Includes bibliographical references (p. 190-191). Also issued in print.
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Duncan, Allison B. "Relationship between remnant size and plant species richness in the Tucson urban matrix." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278795.
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The Sonoran Desert surrounding Tucson, Arizona is the dominant matrix in a region undergoing a transition from desert matrix to urban matrix with little emphasis placed on preserving this native ecosystem intact. Instead, patches of desert, remnants, are cut off the desert matrix and surrounded by a variety of land uses including residential, transit, and commercial. 31 sites within the City of Tucson were surveyed and the site's plant species richness, woody cover, herbaceous cover, and disturbance percentage measured. The plants found on-site were classified into native or exotic, annual or perennial, and woody or herbaceous, and further broken down into growth form. Results indicated a significant correlation between a site's area and its percent disturbance, as well as correlations between its native vegetation and area.
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Hurt, N. J. "A critical analysis of the relationship between user need and architectural form in eleven Nottinghamshire primary school class groups." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370776.
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Hamaker, Sandra Myrtle Conrad. "Relationship Between Fault Zone Architecture and Groundwater Compartmentalization in the East Tintic Mining District, Utah." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1089.pdf.
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Burke, Angela. "Towards a new hospital architecture : an exploration of the relationship between hospital space and technology." Thesis, University of East London, 2014. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3895/.
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Present urban acute NHS hospitals are rigid architectural structures composed of spatial and medical planning requirements that are underpinned by complex inter-related relationships. One assumed relationship is medical technology’s affect upon hospital space. There’s limited research exploring the relationship between NHS hospital space and medical technologies. Furthermore, little is known about the implications of emerging technologies (ETs) on future urban acute NHS hospital space. This study investigates the link between hospital space and medical technology to visualise the spatial consequences of incorporating anticipated medical ETs into future urban acute NHS hospitals. A unique single futures prospective methodology is adopted with a mixed methods approach. This includes historical research, a quantitative investigation of four London case studies and a literature exploration of three medical ETs (biotechnology, robotics and cyborgization). Primary data generated from this study forms the basis for creating scenarios of future urban acute hospital environments. Findings reveal that medical technologies impact directly on hospital space, thus, confirming the existence of a link between hospital space and medical technologies. Results also reveal that even without nanotechnology progression, medical technologies decrease in equipment size during the course of their development. This trend contradicts recent medical planning practice which ‘super-sizes’ high-spec hospital rooms (see Chapter 3). Additionally, a campus-styled hospital typology is determined as the preferred flexible design solution for creating sustainable 21st century urban acute NHS hospitals. Findings lead to recommendations that guide medical planners with the future-proofing of acute hospital space by providing insight and alternative medical planning solutions that incorporate medical ETs into future urban acute NHS hospitals.
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Mthethwa, Majahamahle Nene. "A study of the relationship between built form and culture : the Bulawayo executive Mayor's residence and its environment." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5593.
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Kim, Jae Kyung M. Arch Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "The vertical form of public ground : the typological reimagination of a skyscraper through the reinterpretation of relationship between the architecture and urbanism of Manhattan." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70376.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2012.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 83).<br>The 20th century's notion of a skyscraper in Manhattan, a symbolic object aloof from a city, should be redefined due to the reinterpretation of the grid to accommodate more public amenity and facilitate the cultural contexts of Manhattan. These Days, pedestrian plazas, transportation infrastructure, and zoning resolution have given individuality to each part of the grid which used to be seemingly identical with little public provision. Especially, Mid-Manhattan shows this tendency clearly. Pedestrian activity and cultural programs of Theater District and Times Square has infiltrated into the strict grid and created Mid-Manhattan's own public realm. In this regard, given the grid's capacity for reinvention, how might architecture continue to adapt and response to today's new change? Defying the conventional typology of a skyscraper, a stack of individual programs, the thesis is aiming to reimagine the typology of a skyscraper to address the building's relationship with the urban fabric and respond to the existing street life and culture. Finally, the thesis proposes a skyscraper as an urban connector, by virtue of rethinking of circulation and structure. This new type of a skyscraper supports the multiple strata of public space and cultural programs, such as a theater and a museum, to extend existing urban contexts, art and performance, of Mid-Manhattan, not only at street level but into the sky above. Also, as an urban-scale strategy, the project also seeks to interconnect the dense grid with vertical structures with the most dominant public realm in Manhattan, Central Park, through a 3 dimensionally manipulated building form.<br>by Jae Kyung Kim.<br>M.Arch.
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Marks, David B. 1969. "Ivory towers to office towers, Wall Street to Main Street : a study of the relationship between modern portfolio theory and private equity real estate." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32210.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2001.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-88).<br>This thesis attempts to relate the principal elements of Modern Portfolio Theory ('MPT') to real estate, recognizing that MPT was built not for real estate, but for stocks and bonds. It is split into two parts; the first part deals with 'the theory' of real estate investing, including a commentary on both why mixed-asset portfolios include real estate components, and how MPT relates to real estate. The second part deals with 'the reality'; the extent (or otherwise) to which different investor types apply MPT to their direct, private equity real estate investment strategies. It attempts to answer this question by a case study approach, focusing on four investor types. These investors were specifically chosen because of the fact that they are, in each case, sophisticated groups who have a knowledge and understanding of the principal elements of MPT. The extent to which they feel that all elements of MPT are relevant to real estate is, ultimately, the question that this paper attempts to answer.<br>by David B. Marks.<br>S.M.
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Kim, Bo-Young. "Indefinite boundaries reconsidering the relationship between Borobudur and Loro Jonggrong in Central Java /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1467888511&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Woodward, Robert. "An architectural investigation into the relationship between Doric temple architecture and identity in the archaic and classical periods." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4185/.
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The predominant approach to the study of Doric temple architecture during the twentieth century has been the evolution model, which connects a temple’s design directly with its date of construction (Dinsmoor 1950; Lawrence 1996). Thus, the model allows temples to be dated to distinct decades, based upon their ‘key’ proportions, such as the length of the plan. B.A. Barletta’s (2011: 629) recent article entitled State of the Discipline: Greek Architecture discussed the need for constant reassessment of the proportions of Doric temples and their chronology, particularly in light of recent discoveries and new publications, suggesting that a reconsideration of the evolution model was now required. In the same article, Barletta (2011: 630) discussed the growing trend amongst classical archaeologists towards analysing the social role of temples. With the exception of the temple sculpture, which has generally been studied separately (Marconi 2007; Østby 2009; Maggidis 2009: 92-93), the move towards a social understanding of the temple has had little effect upon the study of the buildings’ designs. Although a number of studies have begun to investigate the role of architectural design in conveying meaning (Snodgrass 1986; Østby 2005), the studies are limited, both chronologically and geographically, by the constraints of the evolution model. Given the ‘mathematical’ image of classical architecture studies, and the subject’s “current lack of academic popularity” (Snodgrass 2007: 24), it is perhaps not surprising that a review of the evolution model and the social role of architectural design are long overdue. To this end, this study re-analyses the connection between date and design, demonstrating that a temple’s design was not entirely controlled by the date of its construction. Rather, temple design was affected by the sub-regional inter-group competition which was so prevalent in sanctuaries during the archaic and classical periods and the expression of identity on behalf of the different dedicatory groups.
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Nucaro, Margaret Teresa 1954. "An examination of the relationship between landscape architecture and painting in England during the 18th and 19th centuries." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291840.
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The unity of the arts has been acknowledged for centuries. It was during the 18th and 19th centuries in England that a new attitude toward nature and the development of the "picturesque" landscape aesthetic brought the two arts of landscape painting and design closer together. 17th century Italian landscape painting became associated with the informality and irregularity of nature, and became a source of inspiration for many landscape gardeners. The extent to which the landscape designers, William Kent, Capability Brown, and Humphrey Repton, were influenced by painting varied greatly. In turn the developing landscape design theory and aesthetic influenced many English landscape painters searching for a native style of their own, both in terms of subject matter and technique. The creation of the English landscape aesthetic was an extremely complicated one with ongoing influences resulting in constant changes and effects.
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Bushana, Meera N. "The relationship between windows and interior design preferences in office spaces: an exploratory study." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44705.
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<p>The purpose of this study was to explore the
relationship between windows and interior design
preferences in enclosed office spaces. The research
sample consisted of forty executives from NASA. Subjects
were asked to plan the interior design of an executive
office space (simulated with a scale model) in response to
four different window types and then asked to choose one
of the four window types for the space. Subjects'
reactions were observed and questioned throughout the
experiment, to study the relation between windows and
interior design preferences. Window functions and
configurations, subjects' age, sex, country of origin,
activity, and interaction levels were investigated as
independent variables influencing the dependent variable perception
of the relation between windows and interior
design preferences. The data was analyzed by means of
descriptive statistics and inâ depth theoretical analysis
of individual responses. </p>
<p> Subjects' consciousness of the relation between
windows and interior design preferences increased as
activity and interaction levels increased. Window
configurations and functions influenced interior· design
preferences, especially furniture arrangement and color
selection preferences. Interior design preferences
influenced the choice of a window type to a considerable
extent, perhaps as much as view and daylight. An overview
of the study indicates that windows and interior design
preferences are parts of a cyclic inter-relationship where
each factor influences the other and therefore should each
be considered with equal importance by both architects and
interior designers. </p><br>Master of Science
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Tanner, Nicholas F. "Relationship Between the Built Environment, Physical Activity, and Chronic Disease Among Individuals with Disabilities in Rural Communities." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6714.
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Increased risk for chronic disease is closely associated with individual nutrition, tobacco use, and physical inactivity. This thesis focuses on physical activity as a means of preventing select chronic diseases. A major barrier preventing engagement in physical activity is the built environment. Populations residing in rural environment are not afforded the abundance of opportunities for physical activity prevalent in most urban networks. Of the demographic living in rural environments, individuals with disability face additional barriers to physical activity than those without disability. This leads to a higher prevalence of chronic diseases associated with sedentary lifestyles among populations with disability. Few studies address the correlation between physical activity, chronic disease, and the built environment as they relate to individuals with disability.
This thesis utilized independent samples t tests to evaluate variation among physical activity levels and the prevalence of chronic disease. In the first paper, four research objectives defined the parameters for comparison: (1) physical activity for individuals with disability in rural versus urban environments; (2) physical activity in rural environments for individuals with and without disability; (3) prevalence of chronic disease for individuals with disability in rural versus urban areas; and (4) prevalence of chronic disease in rural environments for individuals with and without disability.
The four research objectives of the second paper are: (1) rural and urban physical activity comparison for the highest disability classification; (2) rural and urban physical activity comparison for individuals with disability using equipment; (3) rural and urban physical activity comparison for individuals with disability resulting from physical, mental, or emotional impairments; and (4) rural and urban physical activity comparison for individuals not reporting disability. The 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) provided the data used to evaluate the correlation between these variables.
The results of both studies indicate important statistical significance relating the rural built environment to lower levels of physical activity for individuals with disability. The varied statistical significance and small effect sizes, however, were contrary to the hypothesis and warrants further exploration of the complex relationship regarding the built environment, physical activity, and chronic disease.
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Warren, Joel W. "The Spatial Relationship Between Crime and Public Transportation: A Geospatial Analysis of Salt Lake City's Trax System." DigitalCommons@USU, 2014. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2074.
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It is well-known that, when it comes to crime, some neighborhoods are safer than others. Researchers who make maps of crime have observed that some areas of cities have more crime than others. These areas of high crime are often called hot spots. Crime pattern theory explained why some neighborhoods have more crime than others by looking at criminal events as a meeting between a motivated criminal and a target. Social scientists, geographers, and city planners have shown that criminals generally choose targets from places they see every day, for example on their ride to work or the grocery store. This means that when the daily routine of a criminal changes, the location of that person's criminal behavior could change too. When trends in the daily routine of a whole city change, the location of crimes in that city could change because criminals, in general, will choose targets from different places in the city. In fact, some researchers have suggested that crimes will become clustered around transportation nodes, such as street car stations, after new lines are opened. But so far only a few studies have tried to demonstrate the pattern hot spots follow in the years following major transportation changes. The answer to this question is important to urban designers and police because it would allow them to respond to changes in the location of hot spots when new public transportation projects occur.
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Strachan, Glenn Edward. "Catalysing change for sustainability in education : the relationship between sustainable building design and institutional change." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2015. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3270/.
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This PhD thesis is concerned with the influence of sustainable design in further education (FE) college buildings on whole institutional change for sustainability. The research focuses on the first decade of the 21st century in England and Wales when increasing engagement with the sustainability agenda in the FE sector included linking sustainability criteria to the funds for new building projects. The original contribution of the thesis is twofold. Firstly, it reveals the extent to which these new buildings contributed to institutional change for sustainability in the FE sector and identifies ways to maximise future sustainable building projects as a resource for institutional change. Although there was substantial investment in new buildings and a growing interest in sustainability during the period of the study, no evidence exists of research into the links between sustainable design and institutional change in the FE sector. Secondly, the thesis develops an original research approach, contributing to the multi-disciplinary field of research into sustainability and sustainable development. The thesis adopts a biographical approach from social science research and adapts it to produce narrative accounts of the development of two buildings with recognised sustainability qualities, one in England and one in Wales. These biographies are then analysed for evidence of institutional change for sustainability using the systems perspective that underpins the view of sustainability presented in the thesis. The thesis establishes two frameworks, one for recognising sustainable design within FE college buildings and one for identifying change for sustainability in FE institutions. The biographies of the buildings were developed using data collected by biographical research methods and the focus of the analyses is on the relationships that existed around each building’s development and its physical presence on campus. The thesis reveals that even colleges with a reputation for sustainability have not fully exploited the introduction of a sustainably designed building onto a campus as a catalyst for institutional change. The outcomes from the research offer key points for maximising the influence of future building projects in terms of achieving institutional change for sustainability and identify areas for further research into the influence of sustainable design on institutions in the FE and other education sectors. The development of the research approach in this thesis presents an alternative for researching sustainability in education and other fields.
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Petersson, Alina. "Sustainable architecture, technology and place : An in-depth case study exploring how architecture navigates the complex relationship between the construction of technologies and relation to place." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-289203.
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Today’s greatest global challenges include managing the environmental crisis and promoting sustainable development. Within architecture, the measures and approaches taken to address these challenges vary. While some promote self-sufficiency, others promote technological advances, creating tensions between technological and social solutions. This study, inspired by actor-network theory (ANT) investigates how global, technological measures of sustainability interact with specific local and social conditions. The aim is to further our understanding of the challenges of creating a built environment that responds not only to global measures of sustainable development but also to our local and social relation to place. A focus on technology is a commonplace feature of sustainable architecture and provides a window into understanding how universal sustainability principles relate to specific contexts. This thesis contributes to socio-technical studies of sustainable architecture by comparing and contrasting local conditions and the application of sustainable technologies related to energy efficiency, self-sufficiency and climate resilience. A theoretical framework was developed and applied to a case study, the ‘Climate House’, a recent sustainable building project in southern Thailand with a strong emphasis on technology. The case study methodology consists of a desk-based study of documents and semi-structured interviews combined with site visits and observations. Social constructivist theory and ANT are used to understand the selected case. The findings illustrate different and sometimes competing logics that negotiate the local and global dynamics of sustainable architecture. The case study brings to light the difficulties of implementing sustainable technologies in local contexts without relating to the particular conditions of place and people. Overall, the study finds that conventional sustainable architecture is based on technologies that are universal and placeless. Future studies could therefore explore what exactly sustainable technologies aim to sustain – development or life on earth.
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Athanassiadis, Aristide. "Towards more comprehensive urban environmental assessments: Exploring the complex relationship between urban and metabolic profiles." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/232139/5/contrataa.pdf.
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Urban areas cover 2% of the Earth’s land surface, host more than 50% of global population and are estimated to account for around 75% of CO2 emissions from global energy use. In order to mitigate existing and future direct and indirect environmental pressures resulting from urban resource use, it is necessary to investigate and better understand resource and pollution flows associated with urban systems.Current urban environmental assessment methodologies enable the quantification of resource use and pollution emissions flows entering, becoming stocked and exiting urban areas. While these methodologies enable to estimate the environmental effect of cities, they often consider urban areas as being static and homogeneous systems. This partial and simplistic representation shadows the complex spatio-temporal interrelationships between the local context and its associated local and global environmental pressures. This characterisation of urban systems is a significant limitation, not only for the urban environmental assessments, but also for the identification of their drivers as it may lead to inadequate urban environmental policies. To overcome this limitation and effectively reduce glocal urban environmental pressures, it is necessary to better understand the complex functioning of cities and identify their drivers.This research developed a comprehensive urban environmental assessment framework that helps to better explicit and understand the complex relationship between an urban system and its environmental profile in a systemic and systematic way. This framework was applied to the case study of Brussels Capital Region (BCR).Results from the application of this framework show that urban systems are neither static nor homogeneous. In fact, different relationships between the urban and metabolic profiles appear when considering different spatial scales and temporal intervals as well as different urban and metabolic metrics. The establishment of BCR’s urban profile showed that components that shape the urban system evolve in an organic way over time. Moreover, the spatial expression of an urban system portrays its heterogeneous aspect and how different metrics of the same urban indicator can reveal distinct facets and challenges for an urban area or a neighbourhood. Finally, it was demonstrated that the relationship between urban indicators is different for each spatial scale and therefore knowledge from one spatial scale is not necessarily transferable from one scale to another. The establishment and analysis of BCR’s metabolic profile also underlined the complex functioning of cities as each flow has a different temporal evolution and spatial expression. Due to the multifaceted and intertwined aspect of metabolic flows it becomes clear that no single parameter enables to explain or predict their behaviour. This leads to the conclusion that a great number of questions still need to be considered, understood and answered before effectively and coherently reducing environmental pressures from cities. The developed framework proposes a number of concrete steps that enable existing and new cities to better understand their metabolic functioning and ultimately transition towards less environmentally harmful futures.<br>Doctorat en Art de bâtir et urbanisme (Polytechnique)<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Falkenbury, Paul H. "An artists' community in Georgetown: a study of the dialectical relationship between the general and the particular in architecture." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53730.
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Architecture occurs at the meeting of interior and exterior forces of use and space. These interior and environmental forces are both general and particular, generic and circumstantial. Architecture as the wall between inside and outside becomes the spatial record of this resolution and its drama. And by recognizing the difference between the inside and the outside, architecture opens the door once again to an urbanistic point of view. Robert Venturi
It is the role of design to adjust to the circumstantial. Louis Kahn
The existential purpose of building (architecture) is therefore to make a site become a place, that is, to uncover the meanings potentially present in the environment. Christian Norberg-Schulz<br>Master of Architecture