Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Représentation compacte'
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M'Rad, Sabrine. "Application de la Représentation Diffusive à la modélisation thermique compacte." Lyon, INSA, 2008. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2008ISAL0046/these.pdf.
Full textTechnological advances known as part of the integration of power systems bring different physical problems and inevitably introduce linkages between them. The realization of models is very expensive, hence the need for virtual prototyping. This involves engineering, design and multi multi physical scale. In this context, it is necessary to control a particular temperature during the stages of virtual prototyping. The numerical methods can make forecasts heat through the resolution of a very large number of equations. But these costly methods fail to address the optimization of a thermal-electric coupling as in the case of power modules. The macro modeling without mesh is then an interesting alternative for thermal analyses. These analytical models are easy to combine with electrical and mechanical models, to make simulations multi physical fast. Our work is directly in this context. The main idea is the application of "Representation Diffusive" modeling thermal modules and components for power. This approach is effective for the generation of thermal analytical models easy to combine with electric models. From a single transient simulation type finite element (MEF) or finite differences (DF), or an appropriate measure on the system, built on a model thermal representation of state-type input-output compatible with simulators "Circuit". The major advantage of this approach lies in simplifying the thermal model as the cartographic knowledge of the solution is not required. In a first step, a thermal model of a bullet IGBT on a substrate has been developed. The transient response of the maximum temperature of the structure (end of the canal) is evaluated and compared to an extent and this for different pulses power dissipated. An analytical model of a self heating VDMOSFET is built from a single 2D simulation electro thermal type finite element. The comparison of results between the analytical model and simulation elements purposes is satisfactory. Finally, we treat thermal interactions between chips within the power modules. An experimental module allows the necessary steps to build a global model, and a comparison of results
Gokhool, Tawsif Ahmad Hussein. "Cartographie dense basée sur une représentation compacte RGB-D dédiée à la navigation autonome." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4028/document.
Full textOur aim is concentrated around building ego-centric topometric maps represented as a graph of keyframe nodes which can be efficiently used by autonomous agents. The keyframe nodes which combines a spherical image and a depth map (augmented visual sphere) synthesises information collected in a local area of space by an embedded acquisition system. The representation of the global environment consists of a collection of augmented visual spheres that provide the necessary coverage of an operational area. A "pose" graph that links these spheres together in six degrees of freedom, also defines the domain potentially exploitable for navigation tasks in real time. As part of this research, an approach to map-based representation has been proposed by considering the following issues : how to robustly apply visual odometry by making the most of both photometric and ; geometric information available from our augmented spherical database ; how to determine the quantity and optimal placement of these augmented spheres to cover an environment completely ; how tomodel sensor uncertainties and update the dense infomation of the augmented spheres ; how to compactly represent the information contained in the augmented sphere to ensure robustness, accuracy and stability along an explored trajectory by making use of saliency maps
Linard, Alban. "Sémantique paramétrable des diagrammes de décision : une démarche vers l'unification." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066655.
Full textGautreau, Guillaume. "Conceptualisation et exploitation d’un graphe de pangénome partitionné comme représentation compacte de la diversité du répertoire génique des espèces procaryotes." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASE001.
Full textIntroduced in microbiology in 2005, pangenome approaches aim to compile the entire genomic diversity of a species. In these studies, we generally distinguish within the pangenome, the core genome, i.e. the set of gene families where gene representatives are present in all organisms; and on the other hand, the accessory genome which corresponds to genes specific to certain organisms only. However, we noticed that the concept of the core genome is limiting with a large number of organisms because genes, although functionally essentials, may be absent from some genomes. To deal with this issue, almost all studies use an arbitrary threshold of presence (generally 95%) to define a soft core genome. Moreover, this dichotomy between the core and accessory genome does not account for the many ranges of frequencies at which genes appear in a pangenome. The main goal of this thesis work is to introduce a statistical approach based on a multivariate Bernoulli mixture model coupled with a hidden Markov random field to partition the pangenome in order to be resilient to gene absences and to better distinguish the gene presence/absence patterns. In parallel, several data structures based on pangenome graphs have been developed in recent years. Indeed, exploiting all the information available in genomes and not just the presence of isolated genes is crucial to highlight genomic organization and particularly the regions of genomic plasticity in species. This approach is intended to be the missing link between these new graphic approaches at the sequence scale and the original approaches in isolated gene families. To achieve this, this thesis work therefore focuses on the definition, statistical partitioning and exploitation of a graph of a pangenome as a compact representation of the diversity of the genomic repertoire of prokaryotic species. Finally, this graph is then used to analyze the pangenomic diversity of 439 prokaryotic species
Queiroz, Sergio. "Modèles graphiques décomposables pour la décision individuelle et collective." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812578.
Full textKaya, Oğuzhan. "Espaces symétriques compacts, quantification et représentations." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10092.
Full textLet U be a compact Lie group and K a closed subgroup such that the quotient space U/K is a compact symmetric space. We apply geometric quantization to the cotangent bundle of U/K, for which we have two natural choices for a polarization: the vertical polarization and the holomorphic polarization. Geometric quantization then gives us two Hilbert spaces, one a space of functions on U/K and the other a space of holomorphic functions on the cotangent bundle which can be identifies with the complexification U^C/K^C. We obtain the BKS pairing between these two spaces, which gives us (in theory) the BKS transform between these two spaces. In order to study whether this BKS transform is unitary, we use in particular the theory of unitary representations of compact Lie groups, which allows us to reduce this question to a question that involves only spherical functions. Uniqueness of spherical functions for a given representation then simplifies the problem enormously. Our method can be applied to compact Lie groups by considering a compact Lie group K as a compact symmetric space: it suffices to take U=K x K and K =diag(K). By using Kirillov's character formula our method allows us to give yet another proof that the BKS transform for compact Lie groups is unitary (our proof is a variation of the proof given by Huebschmann). Our method also allows us to show that the BKS transform is not unitary for an arbitrary compact symmetric space. An explicit counter example is the 5-sphere S^5 seen as symmetric space by taking S^5=SO(6)/SO(5). On the other hand, introducing the parameter hbar as suggested by physics, we show that the BKS transform is asymptotically unitary for all compact symmetric spaces in the limit hbar --> 0
Castelli, Aleardi Luca. "Représentations compactes de structures de données géométriques." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00336188.
Full textLemeux, Francois. "Sur la théorie des représentations et les algèbres d'opérateurs des produits en couronnes libres." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2008/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study the combinatorial and operator algebraic properties of certain free compact quantum groups. We prove in chapter 2 that the duals of the quantum reflexion groups have, in most cases, the Haagerup property. In chapter 3, we describe the fusion rules of the free wreath product of a discrete group by the quantum permutation group. To do this, we describe the interrwinner spaces berween certain “basic” corepresentations of these free wreath products in terms of non-crossing partitions decorated by the elements of the group . This provides a whole new class of compact quantum groups whose fusions rules are explicitly computed. We give several applications of this result.We prove that, in most cases, the reduced C*-algebras associates with these free wreath products are simple with unique trace. We also prove that the associated II 1 factors are full. To conclude, we extend the result of chapter 2 to the free wreath products of finite groups by the quantum permutation group
Diaz, Diana. "L'intelligence sociale et la représentation du père : une étude comparée." Toulouse 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU20012.
Full textThe social intelligence, one of the three intelligence's categories denoted by thorndike in 1920 is this dissertation's subject. Social intelligence means the actions towards others and the behaviors in the interpersonals relationships. Social intelligence has been mesured through two of its components: social self esteem and interpersonal problemsolving. The question is to know the influence of the father on his children's social intelligence. Father's influence will be envisaged through his "educative presence" perceived by his children. The framework used here is the social behaviorism, particularly bandura's social learn theory and the social interactions premises. Relationship between father's "educative presence" and interpersonal problem-solving is positive. Relantionship between father's "educative presence" and social self esteem is more complex
Raouyane, Mohammed. "Les espaces bornologiques indexés et les représentations des groupes de Lie compacts." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213560.
Full textBronner, Gisèle. "Représentation des connaissances en cartographie comparée des génomes : le modèle de GeMCore." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10045.
Full textZielinski, Madeline. "La représentation de la Seconde Guerre mondiale en Grande-Bretagne : analyse comparée." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30050/document.
Full textThe Second World War occupies a central place in British collective memory. The war, which is considered to be a national myth in Britain, remains pervasive in the British public debate to the point that some commentators call it a national obsession. The war constitutes one of the facets of Britishness at a time when British national identity is much debated and open to question. The representations of the Second World War in Scotland, Wales and Ireland are examined in order to determine whether the war is a British myth or an English myth. Scottish nationalist aspirations, for instance, seem to have an influence on the way the conflict is represented in Scotland. At a time when Britain is more than ever ethnically diverse, this study seeks to determine the extent to which former colonial peoples are able to recognise themselves in the traditional representations of the war which dominate the public debate in Britain. In the midst of an unprecedented boom in remembrance, the Bomber Command crews are an exception. Although their role in the combined bomber offensive (which caused thousands of victims among the German civilian population) had been subjected to much criticism and excluded bomber crews from the myth of the war, they are now hailed as heroes in Britain. Bomber Command’s newly-found heroic status is a turning point in the historiography of the air offensive and the British public debate
Labbé, Cyril. "Flots stochastiques et représentation lookdown." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00874551.
Full textEloi, Serge. "Rreprésentations mentales et acquisition d'habiletés tactiques : efficacité comparée de deux programmes d'entraînement en volley-ball." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112212.
Full textBrucher, Matthieu. "Représentations compactes et apprentissage non supervisé de variétés non linéaires : Application au traitement d’images." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/BRUCHER_Matthieu_2008.pdf.
Full textDuta, Ioana. "Représentations du bonheur dans la littérature moderne de l'Europe centrale." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0155.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to analyse the representations of happiness in fictional works of Central Europe. Our work originates from the observation that today we seem to have engaged in an almost hysterical quest for happiness, which can take on an infinite number of forms and approaches. This diversity seems to cancel out the idea that happiness has a universal character despite the commonplace which says that all men seek to be happy. Happiness is the object of study of history, philosophy sociology, anthropology, psychology, theology, but also linguistics, economy and politics. Thus, defining the concept of happiness requires a multitude of perspectives, objective and subjective.Our study starts from the assumption that literature offers new interpretations to the idea of happiness. We aim to analyse it according to two axes: the nature of happiness and the components of happiness. Literature, thanks to its ability to bring together within fictional universes elements relating to history, to culture, to the examination of the depths of the ego – elements which are nourished by the collective memory and philosophical insights – offers us access to the past worlds of happiness. Seeking to define the idea of happiness, we have thus chosen to study Central European literature and the works of authors originating from countries that used to be part of the Austro-Hungarian empire because of its cultural richness that allows us to identify a more complex version of happiness. More specifically we look at the works of novelists from Austria, Hungary, Bohemia, Transylvania, Banat, Serbia, Bucovina, Galicia, Bosnia, Croatia and Italy, that were published during the 19th century all the way to the years before the Second World War. Their works describe and analyze the quest for happiness, and its successes and failures. Comparative analysis allows us to redefine happiness, distinguishing between its constant or universal character and its variable or fluid characteristics. Thus, our thesis identifies both the idea of happiness as conveyed by the Austro-Hungarian society since the 1800s and the experience of happiness as it described through literature. The latter enables us to establish the image of happiness of those times: from the center part of the Empire to its margins, multiculturalism allows us to grasp the problematic of happiness in all its complexity, encompassing both a common history and characteristics particular to different national identities.Our analysis highlights the diversity of types of happiness, depending on external factors (the influence of social environment, customs, education, human relationships, cultural heritage, etc.) and internal factors (the influence of features proper to happiness such as duration, recipient, its affiliation to pleasure, to desire or to the meaning of life, etc.). These literary representations of happiness help identify the variable components that emerge from the idea of happiness, while the crisis that comes with the First World War reconfigures the temporal dynamics happiness, allowing for a better grasp of the essence of happiness
Gianico, Marilina <1980>. "La représentation du pathétique masculin dans le roman sentimental européen: une réflexion sur l'imaginaire littéraire." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5019/.
Full textThis work presents an analysis of the representation of the male characters’ pathetic in the so-called sentimental novel of the eighteenth century in Europe, about all in English, French, German and Italian literatures. The main thesis of the work is the derivation of the pathetic of the einghteenth century novel from religious preaching practice of the previous century and consequently of the sentimental novel’s normative value. Sentimental literature seems to have token the place of ancient conduct books and define itself as a set of behavioural exempla adapted to different situations of life. We followed the historical evolutions of the novel throughout a thematic analysis of the motif of male tears. In order to do so, we examined the complexe gestural expressiveness of the representation of emotions and the resulting diegesis, which we can define, according to a recent terminology, as touching, sentimental or spectacular pathetic. This lead to include different artistic forms, from theater to painting. The methodology used here conjugate the history of ideas and the study of imagery, pathetic being a concept belonging to philosophical studies as well as to artistic representation : the concept passed during the eighteenth century from a stylistic and rhetoric dimension to an aesthetic and anthropological one. The works has been divided in three parts, analysing three fondamental anthropological dimensions of human existence : religious imagery and cultural heritage from the past, that is the relationships between the period considered and previous cultural tradition ; the imagery of love, focused on love and sexual relationships between the sexes and on the « feminisation » of male characters in sentimental novels ; familial imagery, which concentrates on the consequences of this change in the reprentation of masculinity on the context of familial and intergenerational relationships representation.
Quilhot-Gesseaume, Brigitte. "Les représentations de la littérature étrangère dans l'enseignement de littérature des lycées." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10072.
Full textNicolas, Yannick. "Construction de représentations 3D compactes de séquences vidéo pour la navigation à distance dans des scènes tridimensionnelles." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10016.
Full textBrahim-Zemni, Monia. "La représentation romanesque de la Renaissance ( XVe- XVIe siècles) dans le roman historique contemporain : étude comparée." Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN1457.
Full textRat, Emile. "Nomades : une constellation de représentations." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100115.
Full textThis research focuses on the representations of nomads and their evolution. Since ancient Greece a specific apprehension of the nomads has hinged on pastoralism and mobile dwelling, incorporating other elements (the relation with war, wisdom, barbary, space, politics...). A history and a tradition start, a long progress that will find its height during the second half of the XXth century, particularly through the texts of Chatwin, Moravia, Le Clézio, Duvignaud, Deleuze and Guattari
Ballah, Youssouf Youssouf. "Étude comparée de la représentation sociale des marques de sport chez les sportifs français et djiboutiens : application au cas des footballeurs et athlètes." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCH024/document.
Full textThe phenomena of "sportivization" of contemporary societies and the development of information and communication technologies have enabled sports brands to rise rapidly and profitably on a global scale. Similarly, the over-mediatization of sport and sports celebrities only increases this trend. More and more people tend to consume emotionally, which underlies individual and collective behaviours.The objective of this thesis is to understand better the behaviours and attitudes of sports consumers (Djiboutians and French) of sports brands. To do this, it uses "social representations" (Moscovici, 1961) as an analytical "grid" that will make it possible to highlight, on the one hand, the shared cognitions of consumers and, on the other hand, the marketing strategies put in place by companies. This work will make it possible to compare the sports relations of the two groups of different subjects from a socio-cultural point of view, in this case French and Djibouti sportsmen and women.Two exploratory studies, one qualitative (semi-directive interview) and the other quantitative (free association of words), made it possible to collect the first data sets from Djiboutians and French athletes (footballers and athletes). The first exploratory study revealed the categories of discourse. The second study defined the scope and structure of social representations. Finally, a confirmatory study, using a structural equation model, made it possible to test all the hypotheses according to brands, sports practised and the national affiliation of groups. In the end, the results did not reveal any significant differences between Adidas and Nike. Similarly, a dichotomy has not been established between the social representations of athletes and the social representations of footballers. On the other hand, there are contrasts between athletes' representations according to their national affiliation
Malausséna, Katia. "Essai d'archéologie comparée des commémorations nationales anglaises, françaises et quebecoises : (1980-2000)." Paris 13, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA131001.
Full textCianfarani, Mathieu. "Régularité et description des spectres pour les représentations de groupes topologiques." Phd thesis, Université Pascal Paoli, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00762885.
Full textLama-Rewal, Stéphanie Tawa. "La représentation des femmes sur la scène politique : étude comparée du Bengale occidental, du Maharashtra et du Népal." Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX32055.
Full textJain, Himalaya. "Learning compact representations for large scale image search." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S027/document.
Full textThis thesis addresses the problem of large-scale image search. To tackle image search at large scale, it is required to encode images with compact representations which can be efficiently employed to compare images meaningfully. Obtaining such compact representation can be done either by compressing effective high dimensional representations or by learning compact representations in an end-to-end manner. The work in this thesis explores and advances in both of these directions. In our first contribution, we extend structured vector quantization approaches such as Product Quantization by proposing a weighted codeword sum representation. We test and verify the benefits of our approach for approximate nearest neighbor search on local and global image features which is an important way to approach large scale image search. Learning compact representation for image search recently got a lot of attention with various deep hashing based approaches being proposed. In such approaches, deep convolutional neural networks are learned to encode images into compact binary codes. In this thesis we propose a deep supervised learning approach for structured binary representation which is a reminiscent of structured vector quantization approaches such as PQ. Our approach benefits from asymmetric search over deep hashing approaches and gives a clear improvement for search accuracy at the same bit-rate. Inverted index is another important part of large scale search system apart from the compact representation. To this end, we extend our ideas for supervised compact representation learning for building inverted indexes. In this work we approach inverted indexing with supervised deep learning and make an attempt to unify the learning of inverted index and compact representation. We thoroughly evaluate all the proposed methods on various publicly available datasets. Our methods either outperform, or are competitive with the state-of-the-art
Garric, Henri. "La représentation de la ville dans les discours contemporains : portraits de villes, monographies urbaines et romans entre synthèse et fragmentation." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030149.
Full textThe representation of the city is studied from an interlocked pattern of urban realities, urban practices, and straightforward pictorial and verbal descriptions. From the Middles Ages to the XIXth century, their interweaving allowed the elaboration of representational models through which any city representation is possible in our civilization. Neverthless, from the end of the XVIIIth century, the urban revolution creates a gap between these types and reality, that is to say a crisis of represntation, which contemporary discourses have to confront. "City portraits" offer a stratégic starting point : they are literary texts which represent a single town, and thus rearticulate the representational models. .
Lacombe, René. "Les représentations wagnériennes à l'Opéra de Paris : 1911-1933 : leur écho dans la presse." Dijon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986DIJOL004.
Full textSalomé, Karine. "Les représentations des îles bretonnes (1750-1914) : étude comparée du regard de l'autre et du regard sur soi." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010554.
Full textDe, Vulpian Paul. "Go West ! Une étude de l'espace dans les représentations de Los Angeles." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STET2206.
Full textAlthough it became a major field of work for geographers, urbanists and sociologists worldwide over the last decades, Los Angeles urban space still doesn’t have the place it deserves in literature and cinematographic studies
Soto, Maximiliano. "Conflits, usages et représentations des processus de patrimonialisation des quartiers anciens péricentraux : étude comparée de Bâle, Strasbourg et Valparaiso." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00879987.
Full textCambrone-Lasnes, Stella. "Pratiques et représentations sociales des langues en contexte scolaire plurilingue : étude comparée de la Dominique et de Sainte-Lucie." Paris 8, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA083828.
Full text« Social language practices and attitudes in multilingual school context. Compared study of Dominica and Saint-Lucia » is the result of a sociolinguistic research with didactic and pedagogical perspectives. This study analyses the linguistic situation of these regions such as they appeared to us at the end of three years of surveys conducted with school actors. Our analysis, by means of audiovisual recordings of classes of French as a foreign language, questionnaires, semi-structured interviews addressed to pupils, teachers, parents and institutional representatives, takes place at a significant time when the status of English, Creole and French is the subject of much debate. This study aims to provide some guidelines for the development of a rational multilingual educational policy, suitable for these developing countries
Dageförde, Mirjam. "Evaluating representation from citizens’ perspective : concepts of congruence, context and Europeans’ representational judgments." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IEPP0042.
Full textThe thesis aims at evaluating representation in Europe while emphasizing the need to consider the individual citizen’s perspective. It develops a new and original perspective on how congruence between citizens and parties affects systemic satisfaction. It draws on Pitkin’s theory on representation and the most recent theoretical advancements which focus mainly on representatives. The thesis highlights the important role of political parties, especially in the European context. After elaborating the “supply” side of the representational link (political parties), it demonstrates how the relation of citizens and the state is analyzed in public opinion research – the “demand”-side. In a next step, the dissertation refers to approaches which combine the supply and the demand-side of the representational link. In particular, it focuses on the concept of congruence. Building up on these lines in research, the thesis reveals gaps in existing research and develops an innovative insight into the representational link. Based on a differentiated normative understanding of “good” representation, the dissertation develops new standards for judging representation from citizens’ perspective. It develops new conceptualizations of congruence on the micro-level and suggests a typology of congruence between citizens and parliamentary parties, including micro- and macro-measures, resulting in nine different conceptualizations. The new concepts are introduced through (1) identifying the criteria for evaluating representation that every perspective suggests and (2) the formulation of the implicit standard for evaluating representation. These standards are transformed into empirical indicators. Based on this new, nuanced understanding of “good” representation, the dissertation explains how the characteristics of party-systems impact on different types of congruence. Further, the thesis contributes to the explanation of citizens’ political attitudes. It formulates nuanced assumptions about the relation between congruence and perceived responsiveness, yet highlighting the need to distinguish between an aggregate and an individual perspective on representation. The empirical analysis is based on an own original dataset which integrates EES-and CHES-data. First, the descriptive part of the empirical analysis compares congruence within the EU-member-states for the year 2014. We explore congruence on the micro- and on the macro-level with reference to multiple issue-dimensions that relate to societal cleavages or dimensions on which parties compete. The empirical analysis reveals a differentiated judgment about the functioning of representation in the EU- member-states, depending on the respective understanding of “good” representation. Second, we explain the relation of party-systems and congruence and provide greater insight into the relation of context and the quality of representation. The study refers – again – to multiple issue-dimensions and systematically compares the results of the dissertation with findings offered by the conventional macro-perspective on congruence. Third, the thesis tests how congruence influences citizens’ representational judgments via multi-level models. The analysis accounts for the nuanced conceptualization of congruence and is conducted for multiple issue-dimensions. The results provide new insights into the relevance of different standards for evaluating representation for citizen’s attitudes and accounts for differences between issue-dimensions. Concluding, the thesis illustrates how these results impact on our understanding of good representation, relates the findings to the presumed “crisis of representation” and highlights how this dissertation might inspire future research
Ruiz, Undurraga Catalina. "Les systèmes préscolaires et leur représentation de l’enfant : entre enfant et élève, le cas du Chili et de la France." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22107/document.
Full textThe goal of this research is to comprehend essential attributes of children’s representation in two specific preschool systems, that of Chile and France. To properly understand these attributes, we attempted a comparative approach to unearth the socio-historic evolution of preschool public policy, preschooler’s rationale and latent cultural traits, specific to each country. In this respect, educator’s discourse in each system accordingly reveals model purposes and intended child figure. Within a system lead by a privatization rationale, the Chilean model is based on continuity, that is, continuity of children status and family socialization trends. Although Chile’s system pursues learning outcomes, the primary mission of its preschool education is to develop individuals in a holistic fashion, that is, to take under consideration all child development domains. The child is at all times regarded as a subject with great potential to be developed, as long as he stays at a quality learning environment. The French model, essentially public, rather represents a rupture lead by a republican logic where the public and private domains remain a part. The child transformation into student comes from the acquisition of school socialization fashion to the disadvantage of other socializations alternatives, particularly familial. Preschool stands as the first stage of preparation to reach primary school. For that purpose the child must become a schoolchild to ensure a successful school life beginning. What this comparative thesis reveals is that, despite globalization of various domains of human life, the values and principles that we want to preserve and transmit to future generations are not always the same. Hence, each educational system elaborates a representation of the child from the accumulation of a diversity of factors: historic evolution of the country, the socioeconomic model, the pedagogic trends, ideological intentions associated with objectivation of educator’s function, beliefs about family, the importance of schooling, among others. The combination of these variables enables a collective elaboration of an educational mission in agreement with a particular representation of the child
Parsis-Barubé, Odile. "Les représentations du moyen âge au XIXe siècle dans les anciens Pays-Bas français et leurs confins picards : essai d'historiographie comparée." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010569.
Full textThis thesis is ana attempt of comparative historiography. The aim is to study the significance of the middle ages in the processes of reconstruction of local historicol memory between 1800 and 1870 in the "departements" of the straight - ofdover, the somme and the north, so as to evince the diversity of its forms of historiographical representation from one area to another. The first part of this study places the middle ages through the trial of the renewing of the conceptual frames of local history after the revolution of 1789 : the initial chapter shows what its evocation entails in the building - up of the imaginary maping-up of the "departements" spaces and boundaries; the second chapter analyses the ways of its emergence as an autonomous chronological designation in the local historical awareness. The second part places the re-discovery of the middle ages within the whole set of local historian practices over the 19th century : one chapter is concerned with statistical approach to determine the volume of interest devoted to the middle ages in local historiographical works ; another chapter deals with a prosopography of the local characters in research works on the middle ages ; a third one analyses the ways and means they used. The last part accounts for the plurality of local middle ages gauged through the great variety of their historiographical ways of expression, i. E : documentary historiography, monuments archeology, hostory in a word
Cammaert, Felipe. "Mémoire, représentation, fiction : l'écriture de la mémoire dans l'oeuvre d’António Lobo Antunes et de Claude Simon." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.harmatheque.com.bases-doc.univ-lorraine.fr/ebook/9782296092259.
Full textThis research is about some of the works of two major writers of the 20th century: The Portuguese author António Lobo Antunes (1942-), and the French writer Claude Simon (1913-2005). We seek to review the representation of the mnemonic order within their fictional universe, which leads to the notion of an inner mimesis. In their novels, memory appears to be a fundamental pole within fiction. Hence, we will focus our research on three main concepts: memory, representation, and fiction. From the considerations of the act of writing as a patent case of memory involving as well autobiography, one can therefore establish a theoretical category, memory writing, embodying their common approach to the art of writing. Thus, aim is to query the role of memory within both the narrator and the configuration of time. Furthermore, we analyze some of the fictional subjects (History and war, transformations of the self, the search of identity) from the point of view of the identity
Bardière, Yves. "De l'aspect du temps, représentation et expression du temps passé en anglais et en français : étude contrastive dans une perspective traductologique." Toulon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUL3002.
Full textThis study is basically a linguistic approach to the translation of the English preterite and the French imparfait, primarily in a specific context. It falls into three major parts. The first one focuses on the distinction between lexical and grammatical aspect. This distinction is mainly based on G. Guillaume’s definition of the concept of lexigenesis. The second part analyses the potential significate of the imparfait and of the preterit and their related sense effects. In the last and third part, four key concepts are introduced to account for the translation of the simple past into either the imparfait or the passé simple, those of vertical, horizontal, integral and transitive perfectivity. Various criteria are also listed favouring the use of the perfective or the imperfective form of the preterit, such as the temporal contour of the verb, the philosophical concept of esse est percipi / percipi est esse, the deixis ad occulos principle, etc. Lastly, this study can be considered as an overall reflection on the principle of orthonymy underlying the translating process at large
Morcrette, Quentin. "Tracer la route : les cartes d'itinéraire du papier à l'écran, usages et représentations : contribution pour une étude diachronique comparée (France/Etats-Unis)." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2138/document.
Full textDigital technologies deeply change the way in which societies grasp their environment and represent space Cartography is not exempt from these changes, maps are more widespread than ever and are being used for new purposes. Among them, the use of route specific maps, made easier by technical and technological developments. Many online maps are used for itineraries, and most of them come from United States-based corporations.These observations raise the questions of how to understand this specific use of maps when put in a chronological and comparative perspective ? Is this an innovation or rather an actualization of a previous type of mapping practice ? What is the status of these itineraries when studied in a multifaceted perspective ?This research addresses these questions using three main approches : cartobibliographical, semiological and processual, and relying on extensive map collections from the Bibliothèque nationale de France and the Newberry Library. The main results bring new insights on the changes taking place with the transition from a primarily paper cartography to a primarily on-screen cartography and call for a redefinition of the status of maps in the digital era
Genicot, Geneviève. "L'intérêt étudiant face à l'Europe : étude comparée de la représentation étudiante en Belgique, France, Italie et Portugal dans le Processus de Bologne 1999-2005." Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE21042.
Full textUniversities follow still more new objectives elaborated at the international level by the OECD and taken back by the EU which projects its economic future through "knowledge society". Objectives like competitivity, rentability, excellence, autonomy and diversification of financing sources are questioning for those who defend a university model for education and emancipation of autonomous individuals. In front of the dominant economicist norm, a humanist counter-norm is elaborated. Main part of students' organisations in Europe defines students' interest within the frame of this normative opposition; they have for instance called Bologna Process reforms, neoliberal. But this shared counter-norm does not influence trends in higher education policies. How is that counter-norm implemented? The study approaches concrete life of students' representatives. Interviews and participant observation (in offices, demonstrations and congresses) have been carried in Belgium, France, Italy and Portugal, on three levels (local, national and European). Besides the study of two European mobilization networks (one of them lobbying in Brussels, the other one being linked with No Global movements), the study of local and national levels of student representation shows a quasi-absence of Europe in the mental daily framework of action. Instead local problems or national power struggles are much more important at these levels. The mental geography of the actors, which is defined by their daily geographically rooted experience, is at least as much responsible for this deficit of European vision, as are the objective practical problems of coordination at European level
Velozo, Eliana. "Image mentale et behaviorisme social : une analyse comparée de la littérature sur l'image mentale et provenant de trois sources complémentaires : behaviorisme social, behaviorisme traditionnel et théorie cognitiviste." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29405.
Full textKay, Nicole. "Les représentations sociales du changement climatique au Cameroun : analyse de presses et analyse comparée chez les agriculteurs en zone équatoriale et en zone soudano-sahélienne." Thesis, Angers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ANGE0045/document.
Full textClimate change is obvious and its impacts on agriculture in undeniable especially in sub-saharan african countries which remain the most vulnerable. This study analyzes the social representation of climate change among farmers in Cameroon. The theoretical framework is the structural approach of social representations. Thus, it was question of examining the organisation and the structuring of the object climate change within the specific public which are the farmers. Three surveys were conducted for this purpose.The first study in an exploratory survey ; three groups of farmers (N=60) were interviewed through the free association test. It is observed that climate change is indeed an object of representation for farmers and has a dual structure with two different core centers that have functional elements.The second study was condutued four years laters within two groups of farmers (N=95) still in the same geo-climatic contexts. The free association test was completed by the characterization questionnaire. As with the first survey, there are also two different social representations of climate change. For one group, the absence of rain appears more salient and the advance of desert mor characteristic ; while for the other, the change of season seems more central. A diachronic reading of the study shows changes in the representation.The third study focused on the press release on climate change through lexicometric analysis. Three newspapers and dailies were analyzed. There is a potential influence of the press discourse in the representation field.Beyond the contextual variable that strongly differentiates the two groups of farmers by inducing differentiated social representations, the study shows a social representation described essentially through its effects, structured around natural elements related to agricultural practice and evolving gradually. The results are discussed in terms of the climatic characteristics of each zone and adaptation to climate change through the adoption of new agricultural practices
Loumpet-Galitzine, Alexandra. "Essai méthodologique pour une approche diachronique et comparée de la forme, du sens et de la fonction des représentations rupestres schématiques d'Afrique équatoriale." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010673.
Full textEquatorial african rock art have for a long time been expressed through sketches influenced by western perception of forms. Including the mastery of technique and esthetics, theconcept of art is therefore the basis of a knowledge and a method used in prehistory. Cultural evolutionism moreover, helps to correlate the concept of art and the notion of progress. As such, the paintings and engravings of equatorial africa have been influenced by ideological approaches of themajor paradigm of "prehistoric art", in relation to the perfection criteria conveyed through art on the one hand, and through the presumed situation of those who produce them within the scale of the stages of cultural evolution, on the other hand. Current critical reviews tend to relativize an approach that is largely permanent. It seems hoewever possible, through an an explicit interdisciplinarity, to propose a different methodological based on graphic communication systems. The analysis scheme adopted include semiotic, anthropology as well as the history of art. Its main objective is to modify the values given to rock art and to try to organize available data into a hierarchical structure. A methodological essay on the structural relationship beetwen meaning, form and function is hence suggested for the rock art of equatorial africa
Boulingui, Dieu-donné. "La représentation sociale de la circoncision à travers le discours selon la mobilisation des insertions psychosociales : une étude comparée entre le Gabon et la France." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOL011.
Full textCircumcision is an almost universal practice, in so much as it is at work in a considerable number of countries: in the Arab world, Israël, the United States, etc. Nevertheless, it acquires a specific character in Black Africa, where it occupies the function of a true rite of passage. As such, it constitutes a practice which puts to the forefront notions of social integration and masculine identity. Today, the confrontation of cultures results in the “deritualising” of circumcision. This operation is thus “juvenilised” and “medicalised”, in other words practised more particularly on young children and in hospitals. In this work, we attempt to understand this transition from a “traditional” to a more “westernised” conception by comparing the representations of subjects living in a country where this practice constitutes the norm and those of expatriates in a country where the dominant discourse rejects that norm. It is a question of studying the effect of the confrontation of two conceptions concerning the social representation of an object with a strong value in terms of identity. In order to operationalise this situation of confrontation, we addressed Gabonese subjects living in France, whom we compared to other Gabonese subjects living in Gabon. In practical terms, semi-directive interviews were carried out with forty Nzebi students whose academic levels ranged from bachelor’s degree to doctorate. The results presented are on two different levels of analysis: the first one, which is explored by means of syntagmatic and phrastic analysis, gives access to the attitude and the anchorage of the subject in relation to the object. The second level, which is explored by means of propositional analysis and ALCESTE software, gives access to the field of representation
Schwob, Valérie. "Savoir nager, une richesse culturelle : Analyse comparative de l'enseignement de la natation à Canton, Dakar et Paris." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00748849.
Full textHalftermeyer, Pierre. "Connexité dans les Réseaux et Schémas d’Étiquetage Compact d’Urgence." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0140/document.
Full textWe aim at assigning each vertex x of a n-vertices graph G a compact O(log n)-bit label L(x) in order to :1. construct, from the labels of the vertices of a forbidden set X C V (G), a datastructure S(X)2. decide, from S(X), L(u) and L(v), whether two vertices u and v are connected in G n X.We give a solution to this problem for the family of 3-connected graphs whith bounded genus.— We obtain O(g log n)-bit labels.— S(X) is computed in O(Sort([X]; n)) time.— Connection between vertices is decided in O(log log n) optimal time.We finally extend this result to H-minor-free graphs. This scheme requires O(polylog n)-bit labels
Viviere, Manon. "Les représentations sociales de la densité dans l'habitat : vers une faubourisation métropolitaine : "Fabrication, appropriation, territorialisation"." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0399/document.
Full textThe density finds itself in the very heart of the concerns of city-actors. It is a technical tool measuring the concentration of housing or populations in a given space. Today, the density sees itself as the symbolic receptacle of a more long-lasting town planning. The density has no good press with the inhabitants, being associated in the collective imagination with deprived neighbourhoods and large housing complexes, which are often off-centered. Density seems indeed responsible for a mental blocking because of its social appropriation, widely looking like rejection. The density seems to produce architectural, urban and social perceptions reminding us of symbolic systems of their own.The density can then be sociologically questioned as a set of social representations which allows the realisation of housing projects. It guides public actions and urban policies and influences the residential choices of the inhabitants. Often described as the crystallization of incomprehension between designers-experts and inhabitants-receivers of a more sustainable housing project-and from now on denser- the thesis develops a more transversal thinking on the density : the crossroads of the architecture as well as town planning and urban sociology. How can the « city-makers » adapt to the values renewed by the density in a time when the search for new urban models for the metropolisation is central? How can the inhabitants adapt to the urban and architectural mutations of the metropolises in view of their residential aspirations but also of their social interpretations of spaces and forms?The density is also a dynamics of the city's production. The densification generates processes of social and urban reorganizations. The latter reveal the originality of the evolution of the territories in metropolitan inner suburbs, sociological and urban phenomenon crosses. This is neither périurbanisation, nor gentrification nor banishment in their strict definitions. The metropolitan governance challenges, the residential strategies and the forms of appropriation of the densification by the inhabitants are reflected in a singular way, revealing a phenomenon which it is possible to call the « inner suburbanisation »
Eröss, Gábor. "L'art de l'histoire : sociologie culturelle comparée de l'image-passé : représentations de l'Histoire et de la Mémoire dans le cinéma français et hongrois (1958-2002)." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.harmatheque.com.bases-doc.univ-lorraine.fr/ebook/9782343080635.
Full textThe main question is whether national cultures have a specific representation of History. My focus is on the films and the field of film production in France and Hungary. The construction of "authentic" History implies external strategies (Historians, debates), and a verisimilitude based on the tacit knowledge of spectators and on the filmic canon of parable-like, elliptic and metonymic representations of the past in absentia. History in Cinema is either invisible or anachonistic. Two main attitudes towards the Past take shape in both countries. These are sociological and cinematographic at the same time. History-image is the weakening filmic shape of the Past of nation and State; Memory-image is the framework of collective identities : generations, ethnic and cultural minorities or the artists themselves. Patterns of filmmaking lend narratives of the past a European frame, particulary in films dealing with the World War II and Holocaust. Cinema becomes an independent social system, representing History in a specific way : the Past-Image
Bardes, Julia. "La sensibilité écologique : de la révolte romantique à la crise écologique contemporaine : une analyse sociologique comparée du sentiment de la nature en Occident." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0039.
Full textThis thesis, dedicated to the history and development of the ecological thought, explores the collective mindsets that contribute to the open mindedness of one society to the new ideas of ecology, according to the traditions of thought, cultural conceptions of nature and religious and political cultures at work in a given country. Two case studies attracted our attention : Germany and the United States. Through strong fantasies on nature and a prolific intellectual environmental reflection these two countries appear as privileged matrixes to analyse the collective, ethical and ideological values attached to the protection of nature and the currents of thought at work in the collective environmental mind – from elaborated discursive reasoning to public opinion. This contextualising approach of the emerging ecological cultures allows a broader reflection on the specific affinities between Protestantism and environmentalism through the confrontation of historical considerations and empirical analysis of social representations of nature and the environment in the European public
Leone, Anna. "Korémachie : une étude comparée de l’opera dei pupi et du théâtre des guarattelle." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH161.
Full textThe Sicilian opera dei pupi - the armed rod marionette theater - was recognized as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO in 2001. The glove-puppets theater with Pulcinella, called guarattelle, hasn’t had the same recognition even if for some years the puppeteers have been involved in preparing the candidacy process for inscription on UNESCO’s lists of the Neapolitan mask of the commedia dell'arte and of the collections of the Unione internazionale della marionetta Italia. Since then, the relationship between these puppets and the communities and the territories in which they have spread, has been analyzed with growing attention. This relationship had already been highlighted by the first authors who wrote about pupi and guarattelle. These puppets shows have been initially studied by specialists of folklore, interested in the popular characters of the puppets. The fights typical of the shows were often interpreted as an expression of social conflicts. Such interpretations can lead to a static vision of pupi and guarattelle, rejected by some puppeteers who claim their belonging to the contemporary theatrical scene.This work analyzes the bonds between puppets and their presumed identities, starting from a study on texts and theatrical performance. The writings on puppets evoke literarure texts on Naples and Sicily, from the Grand Tour travel stories to the literature of the second half of the twentieth century. This study will analyze the way in which some issues of this literature were related to puppets. The analysis of the writings makes it possible to grasp all the complexity of the identities attributed to the pupi and to the guarattelle by the specialists, the puppeteers or the enthusiasts.The contemporary performances of the puppets and guarattelle allow to treat these questions from another point of view. Following the approaches proposed by the anthropology of performance, we can comprehend the way in which the puppets put us in relationship with our self-image, identity and alterity in general, with conflict and with death. The puppets’ bodies, voices and rhythms show us what there is upstream and downstream of the stories and characters depicted and the identities attributed to the pupi and the guarattelle. After analyzing the identities and the characters attributed to the puppets, the study of the performances allows us to gather what, in this traditions, precedes every particular ideology or identity
Stroh, Frédéric. "Justice et homosexualité sous le national-socialisme : étude comparée du pays de Bade et de l'Alsace." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG046.
Full textThis thesis compares the judicial treatment of masculine homosexuality in national-socialist times in a territory of the “old” Reich (Baden) and in a territory annexed de facto (Alsace). The focus is set on the role of the different actors of the repression (law-makers, population, medical experts, policemen, persecutors, judges) and the reactions of the suspects. This case-study looks at the practice as well as the discourse and representation of each group over the long-term by taking into account the national contexts (France, Germany) to highlight the regional particularities and the moments of change. The thesis shows that despite the repressive turn of the legislation and the increasing number of condemnations, the repression could in practice be slowed down by the lack of engagement of certain parties, differing between territories. This attitude led to the creation of ‘homosexual spaces of freedom’. The degree of repression was highly dependent on the people involved and their willingness to follow a repressive line of action; the legislative and judicial traditions of each region and the political and administrative contexts had thus a limited impact