Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Représentation implicite'
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Labourel, Arnaud. "Partition d'arêts et représentation implicite de graphes." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13490.
Full textLuu, Ba Thang. "Représentation matricielle implicite de courbes et surfaces algébriques et applications." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00610499.
Full textHenning, Véronique. ""Le bon gros" : théorie implicite de presonnalité ou représentation sociale ?" Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H111.
Full textLinard, Alban. "Sémantique paramétrable des diagrammes de décision : une démarche vers l'unification." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066655.
Full textMoumnassi, Mohammed. "La représentation implicite des volumes pour l'analyse par éléments finis avec XFEM et Level-sets." Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ033S/document.
Full textThe Finite Element Method (FEM) is widely used for numerical simulations of physical problems formulated in terms of partial differential equations (PDE). A crucial step in the process of analysis by this method is the discretization of the geometry to construct a mesh representing the approximation space of the problem. However, high quality mesh that conforms to the curved boundaries and sharp features, whose depends on the numerical results, still requires a significant amount of human time in the global process of analysis. The aim of this work is to implement a new approach that allows performing simulations on an object whose boundaries do not conform to the mesh, while retaining the benefits of FEM. For this purpose, the implicit representation of the domain (Level set) and the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) are used. In the first step, the focus is to build objects by using Level sets independently of the spatial discretization (i.e. a simple mesh). Strategies have been developed to build implicit objects from the parametric representation (the most common in Computer Aided Design CAD), to preserve sharp features and correctly represent curved boundaries. In a second step, the focus lies on adapting XFEM to achieve a proper numerical integration and to preserve the stability of mixed formulations for managing Dirichlet constraints. The last part consists in verifying the accuracy and rate convergence in the case of implicit curved boundaries and of non-conforming objects to the mesh
Docteur, Aurélie. "Étude des processus et biais cognitifs impliqués dans la représentation du corps et des aliments d'individus normopondérés et obèses." Paris 8, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA083823.
Full textA disturbance in the perception of personal of body size and cognitive schemas focused on food and shape are key features in maintaining food and shape-related dysfunctional attitudes in both obese individuals and restrained eaters. This PhD thesis aims at studying cognitive processes and biases in obese patients and restrained eaters, using perceptual (assessment of body-size perception and body-size ideal using a body-shape software) and memory tasks (implicit and explicit memory tasks). In this context, our experimental approach allowed to answer successively three questions: a) What are the cognitive processes involved in body-size perception and body-size ideal? b) What inter and intra-individual factors influence these judgments? c) What are the memory biases that could contribute to food and shape-related dysfunctional attitudes? Overall, our results show the involvement of specific processes and biases in obesity and food restriction. These biases imply avoidance of some stimuli, not congruent to the diet; stimuli that would rebound, overactive, leading to increased food consumption and maintenance of food-related dysfunctional attitudes
Reilhac, Gilles. "Activation automatique des connaissances perceptives : une étude sur la couleur et la taille." Montpellier 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON30027.
Full textIn this work we are defending the hypothesis of an automatic processing of the knowledge pertaining to the perceptual characteristics of an object in its absence. In order to eliminate any lower-level process, we do not concern ourselves with information that is directly visible within an object, but instead focus on perceptual knowledge that is latent in the semantic memory and could be triggered by the object. The two perceptual dimensions which are the subject of our study are colour and size while category is the non-perceptual dimension. We make use of black and white drawings of objects which appear on screen in their real-life sizes. These drawings are subjected to decisions relating to their category, real-life sizes and typical (unrevealed) colour. To begin with, the decisions relate to drawings shown in isolation. We then use the same drawings in several experiments following a priming procedure whereby we vary the SOA(Stimulus Onset Asynchrony). Finally, we manipulate the chromatic link between a referent and a distractor in a task of category matching. We obtain a facilitation for the task pertaining to category when the prime and target are of congruent colours which, in our opinion, implies an implicit treatment of the colour of the prime leading to a facilitation of the treatment of the target. We interpret this facilitation in terms of a diffusion of the triggering/activation mechanism within the semantic network. Moreover, we observe the interference of colour with the task of category matching, thereby reinforcing the results obtained in the priming paradigm. As regards size, the results obtained are analogous to those registered for colour
Infurchia, Claudia. "La mémoire entre neurosciences cognitives et psychanalyse : les destins de la perception." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20060.
Full textThe study of memory, regarding how it works and its disorders, between cognitive neuroscience and psychoanalysis, added to the intermediate link of developmental psychology, enables to read elements which start to resonance one with another and also offers composite material helping to enhance both these disciplins. This doesn’t mean making an amalgam of concepts from different origins, but to grasp how the analogies between these concepts can create a new approach in order to understand the process of representation and consequently to understand the process of memory. To enter the field of memory disorders, this study follows two red lines, the dislocation of the perception-conscience system as being the signature of psychic phenomena dominated by a perceptual priming and emotion as the process ending up in thing representations. These are the signs of the ego being born in primary temporality, a necessity for the future capacity to remember which is a cerebral process appearing later. From the psychological point of view, cerebral maturity is not solely required in order to produce recollections, their entry into the field of consciousness requires the possibility of acceptance of affect, gathering that the representation of affect has been produced. Working hypothesis are entwined with three clinical cases. They are grounded on the need for the empathic presence of the primary maternal object in the initial states of the psyche, in order to underline the work of the process of representation and, consequently, those of the memory process. On the contrary, if it is missing when the child is distressed, there is a risk of interference with the representation process and the risk of producing a memory in the grip of emotional stasis
Rudat, Richard. "Modèles combinatoires implicites et résolution de problèmes en classe de 4ème : une étude des effets liés à la sémantique des situations." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00270060.
Full textconcerne les modèles combinatoires implicites. Afin de relever l'ensemble des procédures observables, une première épreuve est organisée sous forme de devoir sur table.
La deuxième épreuve a pour ambition de se placer au niveau des processus de résolution.
Elle est organisée sous forme de travail en groupe. Une analyse du contenu des échanges permet d'appréhender les interprétations des énoncés. L'ensemble des observations nous conduit à définir deux modèles de résolution dominants avec quelques variantes.
Fournier, Marc. "Nouvelles représentations volumiques implicites appliquées au traitement de maillages." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2008/FOURNIER_Marc_2008.pdf.
Full textRaw data produced by 3D scanners need to be processed to reconstruct the surface of scanned objects. Mesh filtering to reduce acquisition noise introduced by the scanner and mesh fusion to integrate multiple scans of an object into a complete description of the object are two important steps in the reconstruction process of a scanned object. The scalar field distance transform (SDT) of a 3D mesh is a volumetric representation of the mesh which implicitly describes the surface of a scanned object. This alternative representation is used in the literature to perform many mesh operations such as mesh fusion. This thesis introduces new implicit representations based on the SDT to improve the precision of this alternative representation. A new vector field distance transform (VDT) is proposed and triangulation algorithms used to reconstruct the SDT resulting mesh are adapted to the new VDT. The mesh fusion method applied to the SDT is also adapted to the VDT to improve the results quality of this mesh operation using the distance transform alternative representations. Two adaptive filtering methods applied on the VDT are designed to reduce acquisition noise while preserving the meshes geometric features. A new reversible distance transform (RDT) is also proposed to preserve the initial meshes topology when processing meshes in the implicit distance transform domain. Mesh filtering and mesh fusion applications designed for the VDT are adapted to the RDT
Gomes, José. "Implicit representations of evolving manifolds in computer vision." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE5692.
Full textPontier, Serge. "Reconstruction d'objets déformables à l'aide de fonctions implicites." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10078.
Full textFerley, Eric. "Sculpture virtuelle." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004393.
Full textFagot, Delphine. "Quel format pour les représentations mnésiques ? : approche par le paradigme d'amorçage par répétition dans le cadre de la reconnaissance des visages." Grenoble 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE29021.
Full textGaymard, Sandrine. "Les études supérieures comme enjeu dans un contexte de négociation implicite entre les filles d'origine maghrébines et leurs parents." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX10054.
Full textDeveaud, Romain. "Vers une représentation du contexte thématique en Recherche d'Information." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00918877.
Full textMedina, Lizarazo Anderson Javier. "Représentations sémantico-conceptuelles et réalisations de l’acte illocutionnaire ACCUSER : (re)construction du sens en français de France et en espagnol de Colombie." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT2035.
Full textThis thesis aims to study the semantic and conceptual representations of illocutionary act ACCUSE on the one hand, and on the other hand, the performances in discourse of two different language-culture groups of university students: French from France and Spanish from Colombia. This research work is comparative because it aims to look for similarities and differences between the two groups concerning the representations that language users associate to this illocutionary act. Thanks to the theoretical model of the Semantics of Argumentative Possibilities (SPA) some analyses have been made. The first analysis we have made concerns the lexical signification of the verb and the nominal, that designates the illocutionary act. This first analysis has been completed with an analysis of modal verbs contained in the nucleus and stereotypes of the illocutionary act. The protocol of SPA has allowed us to get the data which has been analyzed in order to set up a conceptual representation of the illocutionary act for each group. In addition to this, the Semantics of Verbal Interaction (SIV) has been used to establish a modal configuration of the act ACCUSE. Finally, we have attempt to show the inherent relationship between the choice of mobilization of a linguistic realization and the conceptual configuration of ACCUSE specific to each group
Metzler, Hannah. "The influence of bodily actions on social perception and behaviour : assessing effects of power postures." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS287/document.
Full textExpansive and constrictive body postures serve a primary communicative function in humans and other animals by signalling power and dominance. Whether adopting such “power postures” influences the agent’s own perception and behaviour is currently a subject of debate. In this PhD thesis, I explored effects of adopting power postures on behaviours closely related to the postures’ primary function of social signalling by focusing on responses to faces as particularly salient social signals. In a series of experiments, I utilized reverse correlation methods to visualize mental representations of preferred facial traits. Mental representations of implicitly as well as explicitly preferred faces evoked an affiliative and slightly dominant impression, but revealed no replicable effects of power postures. Two further separate experiments investigated posture effects on the perception of threatening facial expressions, and approach vs. avoidance actions in response to such social signals. While postures did not influence explicit recognition of threatening facial expressions, they affected approach and avoidance actions in response to them. Specifically, adopting a constrictive posture increased the tendency to avoid individuals expressing anger. Finally, an attempt to replicate posture effects on levels of testosterone and cortisol demonstrated that even repeatedly adopting a power posture in a social context does not elicit hormonal changes. Altogether, these findings suggest that our body posture does not influence our mental representations and perception of other people’s faces per se, but could influence our actions in response to social signals
Aguerre, Sandrine. "Centration sur l'apprentissage d'une langue étrangère, le français : grammaires et représentations métalinguistiques." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00628351.
Full textReuter, Patrick. "Reconstruction and Rendering of Implicit Surfaces from Large Unorganized Point Sets." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00576950.
Full textGourmel, Olivier. "Mélange de surfaces en temps réel : visualisation, contrôle des déformations et application à la modélisation." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30046/document.
Full textImplicit surfaces have been considered during the eightees as a promising alternative to parametric surfaces (NURBS patches, etc...). They are defined as the set of points having the same value of a scalar field, thus spliting the space into two volumes. Their volumetric nature confers them interesting properties for geometric modeling: the topology of objects is handled automatically, geometries are guaranteed to be manifold and they can produce smooth blendings of objects easily. However, they were abandoned at the beginning of the 21st century due to the limitations they impose: they are computationally expensive to evaluate and to display, and the shape of the transition between objects is difficult to control. This thesis proposes new solutions to these problems in implicit surfaces modeling. First of all, it is shown that the use of a new object-partitioning structure, mixing the properties of a bounding volume hierarchy and a Kd-Tree, makes it possible to raytrace a large number of implicit primitives at interactive frame rates. Therefore it allows real time visualization of fluid-like shapes, defined as an isosurface of a potential field computed as the sum of simple primitives. Simple composition operators of implicit surfaces, such as the sum operator, allow a fast computation of a potential field combining thousands of primitives. Nevertheless, the shape of the resulting surfaces is organic and difficult to control. In this thesis, a new kind of composition operators is proposed, which takes both the value and the gradient of the source potential fields as input. These operators give much more control on the shape of the surfaces, and they avoid the classical problems of implicit surfaces composition, such as bulging at the intersection of two primitives or blending of surfaces at a distance. Finally, a new skeleton-based animation technique is presented which reproduces the deformations of some implicit surfaces on a given mesh. We define a potential field as the composition of implicit primitives generated at the bones of the skeleton. Thus each motion of the skeleton will cause distortions in the associated potential field. These distortions can be reproduced on the mesh by moving each of its vertices to the isosurface of the potential field corresponding to their initial potential value. This technique is able to produce rapidly realistic deformations on the limbs of an articulated model of a body
Van, Thi Kim Cuc. ""Théories implicites" de l'enfant au Vietnam : représentations parentales de l'intelligence dans leurs rapports avec les identités sociales, les attitudes et les pratiques éducatives." Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20010.
Full textThe object of our doctoral research was to study the parental representation of the child and of his intelligence as seen in their relations with social identities and educational attitudes and techniques. This study was conducted in two stages : first an exploratory, then an intensive stage. In the exploratory phase, the use of semi-directive interview with 24 parents brought to light their representations concerning the child in general : his moral qualities, his leisure activities, his scholastic aptitudes, his intelligence, his illness and handicaps. An analysis using the ALCEST computer program (Analysis of co-occurant lexemes in simple utterances in the text) shows that the Vietnamese parents' representations are ambivalent in regard to their children, filled with preoccupations linked to diseases and handicaps and the hope associated with their moral qualities and work an scholastic performance. In the intensive phase, we quantitatively deepened the investigation of representations of the child's intelligence and development with a sample of 160 parents from the region of Hanoi who had at least one 7 year old child. The results confirm our general hypothesis according to which, in the representation referring to the child's intelligence, there coexist implicit theories stemming from the socio-subjective context and more formalised theories stemming from a scientific reflection concerning infancy. These theories are used in a differential way by the subject according to his social identity, his attitudes regarding his own child and are closely linked to educational methods. It is through these representations that we discover certain traditional representations, which have resisted over time and others which are in a transitional phase with modern life. The parents try to mobilise their energy both in the theories and educational techniques so as to adapt as well as possible to modern life and to the process of globalisation. In these attempts, it seems that Vietnamese fathers are more receptive to scientific information, more theoretical in their representations and more dynamic in their actions than Vietnamese mothers. On the other had, the mothers are less affected by ideological and psychological obstacles of the feudal tradition than the fathers and they present more coherent style in their actions and their thinking
Djemoui, Sarra. "L'apport de la compétence interculturelle face aux représentations et implicites culturels en classe de FLE en Algérie : le cas des élèves de 3ème Année secondaire à Oran - Algérie." Thesis, Artois, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ARTO0001.
Full textIt is from a personal observation of the minor place occupied by the notions of interculturality within the classes of FFL (French as a foreign language) in Algeria, that this work was born. This research in Language Science aims to account for the contribution of intercultural competence in the teaching/learning of the FFL in the school environment and in the decoding of the implicit linguistic and cultural among the Algerian learners. In this thesis we propose to study the case of pupils in the third year of secondary education. We ask ourselves about taking into account the cultural dimension of the French language among teachers/learners as well as in political and didactic discourse (the French language curriculum and the textbook). Our work is divided into four indivisible and complementary axes. The first is to study closely the linguistic and socio-cultural profile of students in the 3rd AS. The second is a thematic reflection on conflicting situations due to both linguistic and cultural implications in French. The third axis focuses on the analysis of cultural representations of teachers / learners through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and textbooks. The last axis proposes pedagogical recommendations with intercultural aiming through pedagogical sequences in which we will demonstrate the intercultural approach integrated in interactional activities with a view to cultural relativism among Algerian learners
Viswanathan, Jayalakshmi. "Quand le bruit nous éclaire : une étude sur les mécanismes de la perception et de la mémoire à long-terme pour des stimuli auditifs sans signification." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30334/document.
Full textHumans are able to detect acoustic features in Gaussian noise. Researchers recently used repeating noise segments [cyclic noises (CNs), presenting a segment of noise several times back to back] to investigate long-term sensory memory (Agus et al., 2010). They asked participants to discriminate CNs from plain noise, while implicitly presenting them with a few target CNs several times. The results demonstrated long-term memory for such sounds, which have raised several further questions. First, the robustness of memory for implicitly learned Gaussian sounds was tested using a similar paradigm. Participants' recognition memory was tested by presenting them with looped and scrambled (10 or 20-ms bin size) versions of target CNs 4 weeks post-learning. Our results suggest that neurons might code for very small bits of acoustic information (10 ms). Next, the spatial correlates of memory, specifically, the role of subcortical areas in storing auditory patterns was investigated. Using the same paradigm, participants performed the testing session during fMRI scanning. Implicit memory for target CNs was demonstrated and functional contrasts implicate the Medial Geniculate body and hippocampus. Lastly, we explored the mechanisms and resolution limits of this memory. Participants were presented with CNs in one ear and plain noise in the other ear, and had to localize the CN. Implicit and explicit memory for target CNs was tested 4 weeks later. Although participants lacked conscious memory, they were better at localizing target 10-ms CNs than novel CNs, even with 8 repeats (80 ms). Altogether we demonstrate: 1) the ability to learn and store short acoustic patterns (10 ms); 2) this memory is sub-cortical, in regions implicated in perception of sounds; and 3) these results are compatible with an STDP model of learning
Perrin, Caroline. "Dynamique identitaire et partitions sociales : le cas de l'identité "raciale" des noirs en france." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00732486.
Full textNgo, Mbai Gweth Ndjicki Mireille. "Discours sur les femmes et discours de femmes : une analyse ethno-sociopragmatique de l'Implicite dans quelques pièces du théâtre camerounais francophone." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00458238.
Full textDelamarre, Allaoui Halima. "La régulation culturelle de la mémoire transactive : études expérimentales de la collaboration dans les couples et binômes." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20013.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the transactive memory model (Wegner, 1985), a form of socially shared memory that influences collective performance through specialization, tacit coordination and trust or credibility in the partner’s skills. A review of the literature leads to several observations. First, little research has been conducted on transactive memory in couples. Second, research has overlooked the levels of positional and ideological explanation, focusing primarily on intra- and inter-individual explanations. Finally, the effects of cultural diversity on transactive memory, linked to the composition of couples and dyads and/or the collaborative task have not been studied. The aim of the thesis is to study the effects of the cultural composition of couples (and "artificial" dyads) and a culturally marked collaborative task on the transactive memory system. Couples (and dyads) were composed of individuals with either the same or different cultural backgrounds (French and/or Moroccan). The task was a "Memory" game using cards with Moroccan and French cultural images. Video observations of the participants’ behavior, recall of cards, and questionnaires were combined to investigate the cultural regulation oftransactive memory. The first study examined the effects of the composition of couples on transactive memory and found that performance on the "Memory" game was better in bi-cultural than in mono-cultural couples, but only with French culturally marked cards. The second study examined this form of memory in mono- or bi-cultural "artificial" dyads. It was assumed that the partners’ skills for the task could be inferred from the cultural characteristics of the situation. The results indicate that the performance of the bi-cultural dyads was poorer than that of the mono-cultural dyads, while the reverse was observed for perceived specialization. This result suggests that an "illusory" transactive memory was involved in bi-cultural dyads by inferring cultural skills based on cultural characteristics. The third study shows that prior collective training had a positive effect on the performance of bicultural dyads, but only when the French cultural cards were used as the medium. Taken together, the results of these studies suggest that transactive memory in couples and dyads could be regulated by cultural factors
Barthe, Loïc. "Modèles pour la Création Interactive et Intuitive d'Objets Tridimensionnels." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00918452.
Full textDumesnil, Etienne. "De la typicité des différentes mesures de tendance centrale dans la représentation mentale des catégories implicites." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4914.
Full textWhat is the nature of the representations people form of the categories they learn? It is generally accepted that the type of learning task has an influence on the answer to that question. That being said, most of the categorization theories elaborated during the last decades have focused almost exclusively on classification-learning tasks. The master thesis presented here had four objectives. First, to verify if a classification-learning task leads to the integration of more diagnostic dimensions than an inference-learning task in the context of implicit categories. Second, to verify if an inference-learning task leads to the integration of more typical dimensions than a classification-learning task, once again in the context of implicit categories. Third, to evaluate if a prototype enhancement effect can be observed in an inference-learning task. Fourth, to clarify which central tendency measure really presents a prototype enhancement effect: the mode, the median or the mean. Given the results obtained, implications for three categorization theories are discussed. The three theories are prototype theory, exemplar theory and decision-bound theory.
Faghel-Soubeyrand, Simon. "L’induction implicite de l’utilisation de l’oeil droit produit une meilleure discrimination faciale du sexe." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20334.
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