Relevant bibliographies by topics / Requirement Interchange

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Requirement Interchange'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Requirement Interchange.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Requirement Interchange"

1

Li, Yan Feng, Meng Zhao, and Xin Xin Lin. "Air Quality in a Semi-Enclosed Public Transport Interchange Station in Rush Hour." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 2077–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.2077.

Full text
Abstract:
Indoor air quality in a public transport interchange station in rush hour has been studied. Carbon monoxide is selected as the main pollutant for description of air quality. Ventilation systems, bus traffic and passenger flow, air quality have been investigated by on-site survey. Large eddy simulation technology has been used to analyze indoor air quality of public transport interchange station. The boundary conditions are determined according to the measured date. Indoor air quality results at heights of 0.8m and 1.6m in rush hour and two operating conditions of public transport interchange station are calculated. Results have shown carbon monoxide concentrations at height of 0.8m are higher than those at height of 1.6m. Air quality would reach the harmful degree within 5min to 10min if the ventilation system is not operating. The ventilation system should be operated continuously during the peak hour in order to meet the requirement of indoor air quality standards.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Ren, Rui, Shuoshuo Xu, Zhaodan Ren, et al. "Numerical Investigation of Particle Concentration Distribution Characteristics in Twin-Tunnel Complementary Ventilation System." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (July 12, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1329187.

Full text
Abstract:
Longitudinal ventilation systems are commonly installed in new tunnels. In this paper, based on the similarity law, the scale model with a view to different conditions is carried out to study the effectiveness of twin-tunnel complementary ventilation system. The system can offer enough amount of fresh air to meet requirement of driving safety by using longitudinal ventilation without ventilation shaft. Field measurements were also performed to validate the numerical model. Results reveal that particle concentration distribution is influenced by the distance from air interchange cross-passages to uphill tunnel inlet (Lex) and the flow volume of air interchange cross (Qex) passage and jet fan thrust (Pjet) in tunnel. And Lex is the most important factor about influencing the ventilation efficiency.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Nathanail, Eftihia. "How efficiently educational programs prepare professionals to meet current and future challenges of transport interchanges." European Transport/Trasporti Europei 79, ET.2020 (2020): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.48295/et.2020.79.10.

Full text
Abstract:
The objective of this paper is to identify relevance of the existing educational programs to the skills required on job, as perceived by the stakeholders involved, such as policy makers, transport operators and service providers, academia and research sector. The research was conducted based on a questionnaire survey retrieving the knowledge gained through educational and training programs, the importance of this knowledge and its relevance to the skills required for further career pursuance. In parallel, analysis was done of various curricula offered by prominent educational institutions throughout Europe, in the context of or associated with transport interchanges. Findings indicated that there is significant deficiency of knowledge in the European policy on intermodal transportation, business models building and interchange design. Also, it was observed that there is an increasing requirement for gaining skills on sustainable development and transportation planning, decision making methodologies, data collection methods and utilization of big data for policy-making.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Anthony, Gordon. "EC Law, UK Public Law and The Human Rights Act 1998: A New Integrative Dynamic?" Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 2 (1999): 417–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/152888712802815707.

Full text
Abstract:
The process of European legal integration has long been understood to engage the workings of domestic legal orders, EC law and, to a lesser extent, the law of the ECHR. In general terms, the relationship between these bodies of law has been characterised as involving the direct and indirect interchange of principle and practice across jurisdictions. An example of direct interchange is found in the EC law requirement that national courts give effect to rules emanating from the EC legal order in all cases raising EC law issues. The indirect form occurs in disputes which do not raise EC law issues but which see national courts voluntarily borrow from their experience within the EC legal order by way of developing the domestic legal system. Likewise, national courts and the European Court of Justice have relied upon the law of the ECHR, a “foreign” body of rules, in developing their respective legal orders.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Anthony, Gordon. "EC Law, UK Public Law and The Human Rights Act 1998: A New Integrative Dynamic?" Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 2 (1999): 417–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000003451.

Full text
Abstract:
The process of European legal integration has long been understood to engage the workings of domestic legal orders, EC law and, to a lesser extent, the law of the ECHR. In general terms, the relationship between these bodies of law has been characterised as involving the direct and indirect interchange of principle and practice across jurisdictions. An example of direct interchange is found in the EC law requirement that national courts give effect to rules emanating from the EC legal order in all cases raising EC law issues. The indirect form occurs in disputes which do not raise EC law issues but which see national courts voluntarily borrow from their experience within the EC legal order by way of developing the domestic legal system. Likewise, national courts and the European Court of Justice have relied upon the law of the ECHR, a “foreign” body of rules, in developing their respective legal orders.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Zafar, Rimsha, Shayan Khan, and Ankur Rajput. "Electronic Commerce - Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 7, no. 7 (2017): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijarcsse/v7i7/0191.

Full text
Abstract:
E‐commerce is one of the applications of various technologies of communication to provide the exchange of automated business information. The present scenario requires an approach where the paper is replaced with technology and giving rise to EDI (Electronic data interchange). Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is a mode of resolving legal disputes in online medium. The requirement of this mode is both in the business world as well as common men that requires timely justice. To so.lve the delayed justice problem and helping out people in all domains ADR plays a very important role. The project report discusses on the concept of EDI, the various processes and steps involved in EDI. The standardized formats and types of EDI have also been discussed with a case study. The drawbacks and benefits have also been listed and how does the business world look forward for growth in EDI and explanation of ADR and comparing two models named as virtual magistrate project and Wipo.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Sousa, Ana Margarida, Andreia Ferreira, Nuno F. Azevedo, Maria Olivia Pereira, and Anália Lourenço. "Computational approaches to standard-compliant biofilm data for reliable analysis and integration." Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics 9, no. 3 (2012): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jib-2012-203.

Full text
Abstract:
Summary The study of microorganism consortia, also known as biofilms, is associated to a number of applications in biotechnology, ecotechnology and clinical domains. Nowadays, biofilm studies are heterogeneous and data-intensive, encompassing different levels of analysis. Computational modelling of biofilm studies has become thus a requirement to make sense of these vast and ever-expanding biofilm data volumes.The rationale of the present work is a machine-readable format for representing biofilm studies and supporting biofilm data interchange and data integration. This format is supported by the Biofilm Science Ontology (BSO), the first ontology on biofilms information. The ontology is decomposed into a number of areas of interest, namely: the Experimental Procedure Ontology (EPO) which describes biofilm experimental procedures; the Colony Morphology Ontology (CMO) which characterises morphologically microorganism colonies; and other modules concerning biofilm phenotype, antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence traits. The overall objective behind BSO is to develop semantic resources to capture, represent and share data on biofilms and related experiments in a regularized fashion manner. Furthermore, the present work also introduces a framework in assistance of biofilm data interchange and analysis - BiofOmics (http://biofomics.org) - and a public repository on colony morphology signatures - MorphoCol (http://stardust.deb.uminho.pt/morphocol).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Mwinuka, Tito E., and Beda M. Mutagahywa. "2D AutoCAD Geometric Data Extraction and Post- Processing for Numerical Control." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 34, no. 1 (2013): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v34i1.458.

Full text
Abstract:
In this paper, a method of extracting 2D geometric data from AutoCAD drawing and post- processing for Numerical Control (NC) is presented. Geometric data already available in the Drawing Interchange Files (DXF) can be utilized to accurately and economically prepare part programs for controlling NC/CNC machine tools. AutoCAD, being generalpurpose software, stores its geometric data in a form that cannot be directly applied for automatic generation of Numerical Control (NC) codes. The way around the discrepancy between the structure of a drawing database (DXF files) and the information requirement for part programming is addressed in this work. NC programming of a test componentdrawn in AutoCAD is also presented.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Zhai, Qing Zhi, Jian Hua Yang, and Yang Chen. "Web-Aided Design for Dimensioning Power Cables." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 2233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.2233.

Full text
Abstract:
The size selection of cables is not only to avoid the excessive heating and the danger of fire, but also to insure the service and the reliability of the concerned electric circuit. In the context of the dimension of the cables, some standards should be observed and necessary calculations should be done. With the requirement of the worldwide expansion application on Internet, the approach and the architecture of a complete Web-aided design platform are proposed for dimensioning the cables. The platform supports some calculation methods which are necessary for selecting the cables. Both XML documents and databases are used to interchange power system data and calculation results between Web servers and clients.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Zhou, Xizhen, Binghong Pan, and Yang Shao. "Evaluating the Impact of Sight Distance and Geometric Alignment on Driver Performance in Freeway Exits Diverging Area Based on Simulated Driving Data." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (2021): 6368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116368.

Full text
Abstract:
The decision sight distance (DSD) at freeway exits is a major factor affecting traffic safety. Based on the Hechizhai Interchange in Xi’an City (Shaanxi Province, China), this paper designs a simulation experiment. Through a simulator study and a questionnaire survey, this paper discusses the impact of the DSD, 1.25 times the stopping sight distance (SSD) and a circular curve deflection on a driver’s driving state (including steering wheel angle rate and steering wheel angle frequency domain). Thirty volunteers participated in this research. The result shows that (1) it is safer to drive on an exit that meets DSD. (2) If it only meets the 1.25 times the SSD requirement, the overloaded driving tasks and operation would be more likely to cause crashes. The driving state of the driver on the right circular curve is obviously better than that on the left circular curve, because changing lanes to the right on the left circular curve does not meet the driver’s expectations. (3) Left and right circular curve should be treated differently in the driving area and the constant sight distance requirements should not be applied. (4) The left circular curve should be more stringent to ensure driving safety.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Requirement Interchange"

1

Dorka, Moritz. "On the domain-specific formalization of requirement specifications - a case study of ETCS." Master's thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-182866.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper presents a piece of software to automatically extract requirements captured in Microsoft Word files while using domain knowledge. In a subsequent step, these requirements are enhanced for implementation purposes and ultimately saved to ReqIF, an XML-based file format for the exchange of specification documents. ReqIF can be processed by a wide range of industry-standard requirements management tools. By way of this enhancement a formalization of both the document structure and selected elements of its natural language contents is achieved. In its current version, the software was specifically developed for processing the Subset-026, a conceptually demanding specification document covering the core functionality of the pan-European train protection system ETCS. Despite this initial focus, the two-part design of this thesis facilitates a generic applicability of its findings: Section 2 presents the fundamental challenges of weakly structured specification documents and devotes a large part to the computation of unique, but human-readable requirement identifiers. Section 3, however, delves into more domain-specific features, the text processing capabilities, and the actual implementation of this novel software. Due to the open-source nature of the application, an adaption to other use-cases can be achieved with comparably little effort<br>Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit einer Software zur automatisierten Extraktion von Anforderungen aus Dokumenten im Microsoft Word Format unter Nutzung von Domänenwissen. In einem nachgelagerten Schritt werden diese Anforderungen für Implementierungszwecke aufgewertet und schließlich als ReqIF, einem XML-basierten Dateiformat zum Austausch von Spezifikationsdokumenten, gespeichert. ReqIF wird von zahlreichen branchenüblichen Anforderungsmanagementwerkzeugen unterstützt. Durch die Aufwertung wird eine Formalisierung der Struktur sowie ausgewählter Teile der natürlichsprachlichen Inhalte des Dokuments erreicht. Die jetzige Version der Software wurde speziell für die Verarbeitung des Subset-026 entwickelt, eines konzeptionell anspruchsvollen Anforderungsdokuments zur Beschreibung der Kernfunktionalität des europaweiten Zugsicherungssystems ETCS. Trotz dieser ursprünglichen Intention erlaubt die zweigeteilte Gestaltung der Arbeit eine allgemeine Anwendung der Ergebnisse: Abschnitt 2 zeigt die grundsätzlichen Herausforderungen in Bezug auf schwach strukturierte Anforderungsdokumente auf und widmet sich dabei ausführlich der Ermittlung von eindeutigen, aber dennoch menschenlesbaren Anforderungsidentifikatoren. Abschnitt 3 befasst sich hingegen eingehender mit den domänenspezifischen Eigenschaften, den Textaufbereitungsmöglichkeiten und der konkreten Implementierung der neuen Software. Da die Software unter open-source Prinzipien entwickelt wurde, ist eine Anpassung an andere Anwendungsfälle mit relativ geringem Aufwand möglich
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Shchochenko, Anastasiia. "Návrh štíhlé výroby s využitím produktů ICT k zajištění jakosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-241499.

Full text
Abstract:
The subject of the master’s thesis is the implementation of ICT product in logistic department of enterprise which uses the lean production. The current situation is analyzed the analysis of enterprise economic status is provided and Lean Manufacturing-oriented logistics ICT products are described. The two leading ICT products which could help to optimize the logistics processes are compared, the system requirements and bottlenecks expected are determined.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Pham, Cao Van. "Signalized fuzzy logic for diamond interchanges incorporating with fuzzy ramp system : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Mechatronics at Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1126.

Full text
Abstract:
New dynamic signal control methods such as fuzzy logic and artificial intelligence developed recently mainly focused on isolated intersection. In this study, a Fuzzy Logic Control for a Diamond Interchange incorporating with Fuzzy Ramp System (FLDI) has been developed. The signalization of two closely spaced intersections in a diamond interchange is a complicated problem that includes both increasing the diamond interchange capacity and reduce delays at the same time. The model comprises of three main modules. The Fuzzy Phase Timing module controls the current phase green time extension, the Phase Selection module select the next phase based on the pre-defined phase sequence or phase logics and the Fuzzy Ramp module determines the cycle time of the ramp meter bases on current traffic volumes and conditions of the interchanges and the motorways. The developed FLDI model has been compared with the traffic actuated simulation with respects to flow rates and the average delays of the vehicles. The model of an actual diamond interchange is described and simulated by using AIMSUN (Advanced Interactive Microscopic Simulator for Urban and Non-Urban Network) software. Simulation results show the FLDI model outperformed the traffic actuated models with lower system total travel time, average delay and improvements in downstream average speed and average delay.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Rajotte, Joanne Therese. "The role of data interchange standards in satisfying recordkeeping functional requirements in electronic message handling systems." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/4054.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis examines the role of data interchange standards in helping to meet archival and records management requirements in two types of electronic message handling systems, electronic mail and electronic data interchange. A detailed study of two data interchange standards, the X.400 Message Handling standard and the X12 Electronic Data Interchange Format standard, is conducted. These two standards facilitate the reliable transmission and communication of interpersonal messages between individuals, and information relating to business transactions between computers. These standards are closely examined to determine to what extent they are able to satisfy the functional requirements for recordkeeping identified as part of a project conducted at the University of Pittsburgh. The use of standards to satisfy functional requirements is one of the tactics identified by the Pittsburgh team. The others are policy development, system design, and system requirements' implementation. An electronic mail system in use at the Insurance Corporation of British Columbia, and an electronic data interchange system planned for implementation at the same organization are examined to determine to what extent these systems are able to satisfy functional requirements. Recommendations as to the use of other tactics to satisfy requirements are made. This study determines that the standards examined are restricted to satisfying requirements relating to the capture, maintenance, and usability of records. They are limited to ensuring that messages are reliably transmitted, and that the identities of users are verified as correct. They are unable to ensure the authentication, reliability, or completeness of records as these terms are understood in archival theory. The use by the Pittsburgh team of the terms authentic, reliable, and complete is also shown as being problematic. In the Pittsburgh schema, these terms relate to the capacity of systems to ensure the safe flow of messages between users, not the authenticity of the messages themselves.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Harris, Meredith L. "Nano-interchange vs. the all-directional four-level a comparison of geometrics, construction costs, and right of way requirements /." 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03282007-105011/unrestricted/etd.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Books on the topic "Requirement Interchange"

1

Reed, Chris. Digital information law: Electronic documents and requirements of form. Centre for Commercial Law Studies, Queen Mary and Westfield College, 1996.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Office, General Accounting. Tax administration: Tax requirements of small businesses : report to the Chairman, Committee on Small Business, U.S. Senate. The Office, 1999.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Office, General Accounting. Tax administration: IRS's efforts to improve compliance with employment tax requirements should be evaluated : report to the Ranking Minority Member, Committee on Small Business & Entrepreneurship, U.S. Senate. The Office, 2002.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Virginia. Dept. of Motor Vehicles., ed. Virginia automobile liability insurance reporting requirements. Dept. of Motor Vehicles, 2000.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Office, General Accounting. Tax administration: State and local compliance with IRS' information reporting requirements : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Commerce, Consumer, and Monetary Affairs, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. The Office, 1989.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Office, General Accounting. Tax administration: State and local compliance with IRS' information reporting requirements : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Commerce, Consumer, and Monetary Affairs, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. The Office, 1989.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "Requirement Interchange"

1

Alechina, Natasha, Brian Logan, Nguyen Hoang Nga, and Abdur Rakib. "Verifying Resource Requirements for Distributed Rule-Based Systems." In Rule Representation, Interchange and Reasoning on the Web. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88808-6_6.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Graf, Andreas, Nirmal Sasidharan, and Ömer Gürsoy. "Requirements, Traceability and DSLs in Eclipse with the Requirements Interchange Format (ReqIF)." In Complex Systems Design & Management. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25203-7_13.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Condit, Paul B., Gerry Pelanek, and Terence Rourke. "Requirements for cardiac interchange media and the adoption of recordable CD." In Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine. Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0291-6_16.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Gordon, Thomas F., Guido Governatori, and Antonino Rotolo. "Rules and Norms: Requirements for Rule Interchange Languages in the Legal Domain." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04985-9_26.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Kumar, Vulisi Narendra, Gayadhar Panda, and Bonu Ramesh Naidu. "Seamless Control and Unified Dynamic Energy Management in a Renewable/Clean Energy Integrated Self-Reliant DC Microgrid." In Handbook of Research on Power and Energy System Optimization. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3935-3.ch015.

Full text
Abstract:
The growing demand for electrical energy calls for the assimilation of renewable energy sources to the main utility grid. Multiple renewable energy sources (RESs) like solar PV array, wind turbine, micro-hydro plant, etc. can be combined and controlled to form a microgrid. In spite of the availability of different microgrid topologies, DC microgrid largely facilitates the injection of DC power from various renewable energy sources into the stabilised DC power pool. The requirement for a minimal number of conversion stages, simple structure, economic operation, and numerous localised applications are driving factors for the DC microgrid technology. The mettle of the DC microgrid technology lies in choosing the appropriate microgrid participants for energy interchange and the suitable supervisory control to tap power from the microgrid partakers even after respecting their operating constraints. The use of high gain DC-DC converters is inevitable in DC microgrid due to the low terminal voltage levels of different RESs.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Kumar, Vulisi Narendra, Gayadhar Panda, and Bonu Ramesh Naidu. "Seamless Control and Unified Dynamic Energy Management in a Renewable/Clean Energy Integrated Self-Reliant DC Microgrid." In Research Anthology on Clean Energy Management and Solutions. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9152-9.ch047.

Full text
Abstract:
The growing demand for electrical energy calls for the assimilation of renewable energy sources to the main utility grid. Multiple renewable energy sources (RESs) like solar PV array, wind turbine, micro-hydro plant, etc. can be combined and controlled to form a microgrid. In spite of the availability of different microgrid topologies, DC microgrid largely facilitates the injection of DC power from various renewable energy sources into the stabilised DC power pool. The requirement for a minimal number of conversion stages, simple structure, economic operation, and numerous localised applications are driving factors for the DC microgrid technology. The mettle of the DC microgrid technology lies in choosing the appropriate microgrid participants for energy interchange and the suitable supervisory control to tap power from the microgrid partakers even after respecting their operating constraints. The use of high gain DC-DC converters is inevitable in DC microgrid due to the low terminal voltage levels of different RESs.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

"Common standards and requirements." In Transport Terminals and Modal Interchanges. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780080454535-10.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Favre, Liliana María. "Model Driven Architecture (MDA)." In Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-649-0.ch002.

Full text
Abstract:
The architecture of a system is a specification of software components, interrelationships, and rules for component interactions and evolution over time. In 2001 OMG, adopted an architecture standard, the Model Driven Architecture (MDA). MDA is an architectural framework for improving portability, interoperability and reusability through separation of concerns (MDA, 2003) (MDA, 2005). It is not itself a technology specification but it represents an evolving plan to achieve cohesive model-driven technology specifications. MDA is built on OMG standards including the Unified Modeling Language (UML), the XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) (XMI, 2007) and CORBA (CORBA, 1992) (CORBA, 2002) a major middleware standard. MDA is model-driven because it uses models to direct the complete lifecycle of a system. All artifacts such as requirement specifications, architecture descriptions, design descriptions and code, are regarded as models. MDA provides an approach for specifying a system independently of the platforms that it supports, specifying platforms, selecting a particular platform for the system, and transforming the system specification into one implementation for the selected particular platform. Why MDA? OMG has focused on the creation of open specifications to encourage application interoperability. It was defined to solve enterprise application integration. A middleware describes a piece of software that connects two or more software applications, allowing them to exchange data. To achieve this, it must be implemented for all different languages and platforms that need linking.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Adamson, Greg. "Portals and the Challenge of Simplifying Internet Business Use." In Electronic Services. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-967-5.ch110.

Full text
Abstract:
The Internet promised a lot for enterprises from 1995. The Internet’s ubiquity offered inter-company connectivity (previously provided to corporations by Electronic Data Interchange) for businesses of every size. The business-to-business (B2B) trading exchange concept emerged, 10,000 B2B exchanges were anticipated. Early Internet investment then struck an unexpected hurdle: the Internet didn’t inherently support many of the key requirements for business transactions (such as reliability, confidentiality, integrity, authentication of parties). These requirements added to the cost and complexity of Internet investment. The dot.com stock market crash affected all Internet-related initiatives. But while the B2B exchanges disappeared, other initiatives more aligned to user needs and the Internet’s architecture continued to grow. These included the enterprise portal, which supports the traditional single-business-centred customer relationship model, in contrast to the business disruptive B2B exchange model.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Ciaghi, Aaron, and Adolfo Villafiorita. "Law Modeling and BPR for Public Administration Improvement." In Handbook of Research on E-Government in Emerging Economies. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0324-0.ch019.

Full text
Abstract:
The presence of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) is becoming more pronounced in Public Administrations and in the context of legal knowledge management. In most countries, it is now possible for citizens to freely access the text of Parliamentary Acts, bills, judgments, et cetera. Analysts that work on re-engineering public administration processes must take into account all relevant sources of law as they will ultimately be modified in order to legitimize the new processes. This chapter considers the requirements to design a framework for business process re-engineering for public administrations by analyzing the existing systems for legal knowledge representation and interchange and the current technologies to assist modeling and change management of business processes. The ultimate goal is that of supporting the law-making process, facilitating the participation of people without a jurisprudence background to the editing of regulations, by providing effective means to comprehend and observe the law, make changes to the law, and to keep track of the dependencies between the text and the models. The framework presented in this chapter integrates several different and rather mature technologies developed in Europe and in Africa, providing a set of tools applicable to virtually any legal system.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Requirement Interchange"

1

Johansson, Olof, and Petter Krus. "FMDesign: A Tool and Interchange Format for Product Concept Designs." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85236.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper presents a formalized approach to design product models in the product concept evaluation phases, and exchange the models with other engineering tools using open formats like XML and relational database tables. FMDesign is used for designing product concepts with the aid of integrated stakeholder trees, requirement trees, function-means trees, product concept trees, and implementation trees. It has its foundation in systems engineering and design methodology, and presents a formalization and integration with theory from software engineering that enable similar engineering tools to be implemented with automated model driven software implementation techniques that support the Unified Modeling Language (UML). The paper provides an overview of the theory behind the tool, its user interface, interchange formats and the formal software specification as an UML class diagram.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Kasson, James M., and Wil Plouffe. "Requirements for computer interchange color spaces." In SC - DL tentative, edited by Walter Bender and Mitsunaga Saito. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.19957.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Metrikin, Ivan, Sofien Kerkeni, Peter Jochmann, and Sveinung Løset. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Dynamic Positioning in Level Ice." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10910.

Full text
Abstract:
Offshore operations in ice-covered waters are drawing considerable interest from both the public and private sectors. Such operations may involve a requirement for vessels to keep position during various activities, e.g. lifting, installation, crew change, evacuation, and possibly drilling. In deep waters, mooring solutions become uneconomical and therefore dynamic positioning (DP) systems are attractive. However, the ice environment is highly variable with ice features ranging from mild pack ice to pressure ridges and icebergs. This paper focuses on level ice as one of the primary ice types for DP operations in cold waters. The paper presents two major contributions: experimental and numerical. The experimental part is devoted to the description of ice model tests performed at the large ice tank of the Hamburg Ship Model Basin (HSVA) in the summer and autumn of 2012. Experimental design, instrumentation, methods and results are presented and discussed. The numerical part presents a novel model for simulating DP operations in level ice. In the modelling, the vessel and the ice floes are treated as separate independent bodies with 6DOF. The fracture of level ice is calculated on-the-fly based on numerical solution of the ice material failure equations, i.e. the breaking pattern is not pre-calculated. The numerical model is connected to the DP controller and the two systems interchange data dynamically and work in a closed loop. The structures of the models as well as the physical and mathematical assumptions are discussed in the paper. Furthermore, several ice basin experiments are reproduced in the numerical simulation and the results of the physical and numerical tests are compared. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, both accurate ice basin tests of DP in level ice and high fidelity simulations of such experiments are novel and have not been published previously.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Zanzi, Claudio, Alberto Mozas, Julio Hernández, Antonio García-Hortelano, and Javier Aldecoa. "Smoke and Heat Propagation Modeling in Transportation Interchange Stations Using LES and RANS Methods." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-66037.

Full text
Abstract:
A numerical study of smoke and heat transport from fires occurring in a large interchange bus station is presented. The ultimate goal of this type of study is to increase the fire safety level of the station by improving the design of fire protection systems and evacuation procedures. The phenomena involved in the fire are highly transient and three dimensional, and their modeling requires large computational resources. In the present work, we introduce several simplifications in the numerical model, mainly related to turbulence modeling and the boundary conditions used to reproduce the effects of the combustion process, which allow us capturing the essential features of the fire while keeping the memory requirements and the CPU time at a reasonable level. In particular, we are interested in describing in a realistic way the spread of smoke and heat in a typical fire scenario in the lobby of an interchange bus station. The numerical analysis is carried out with the aid of a general-purpose computer code, using two different approaches for turbulence modeling (RANS and LES) and several discretization schemes. The fire effects are reproduced in a simple way, describing the fire focus as a source of mass, heat and chemical species. Boundary conditions are imposed at the fire focus, by setting the inlet velocity, temperature and gas composition (combustion products) at a section of appropriate area. The values of these quantities are chosen to be consistent with the prescribed heat release rate, type of fuel (heptane) and fire spread area. A comparison of the results obtained with the different methods, along with the CPU time consumption and dependence on the computational mesh, is presented. The capabilities and limitations of unsteady RANS and LES methods to reproduce the main features of the smoke and heat propagation patterns are analyzed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Fernandes, Rui, Ian Grosse, Sundar Krishnamurty, and Jack Wileden. "Design and Innovative Methodologies in a Semantic Framework." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35446.

Full text
Abstract:
Significant expenditure and effort is devoted to the never ending search for reduced product development lifecycle time and increased efficiency. The development of Semantic Web technologies promises a future where knowledge interchange is done seamlessly in open distributed environments. This paper illustrates how Semantic Web technologies in their current state of development can be effectively used to deploy an infrastructure supporting innovation principles and the engineering design processes. A mechanical design was chosen to model the initial phase of a design project using semantic ontologies. This included a set of design requirements, creating a functional model, and making use of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TIPS). The ontology development strategy is built on a combination of larger domain knowledge ontologies and simple process ontologies. Linked user requirements, engineering design, and functional modeling ontologies facilitated the application of TIPS through a set of semantic rules to generate design recommendations. The developed semantic knowledge structure exemplifies a practical implementation of a functional model which served as a record of the design process and as a platform from which to gain additional usefulness out of the stored information.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Schlake, Bryan W., Brian S. Daniel, and Ron Voorheis. "Laser-Based Measurement of Over Dimensional Freight Rail Shipments." In 2012 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2012-74065.

Full text
Abstract:
In pursuit of improved safety, Norfolk Southern Corp. (NS) has partnered with Amberg Technologies to explore the potential benefits of a laser-based measurement system for measuring over dimensional freight rail shipments. Shipments that do not fall within a standard geometric envelope, denoted as Plate B in the Association of American Railroads (AAR) Open Top Loading Rules [1], are considered to be over dimensional, or High-Wide Loads (HWLs). Extending beyond the limits of the Plate B diagram, these loads are not permitted in unrestricted interchange service. Instead, they must be measured both at points of origin and at interchange points. For US Class I Railroads, the de facto method for measuring HWLs requires mechanical personnel to either climb on the equipment or use a ladder and physically measure the overall height and width of the load. Using a tape measure, plumb line, and 6-foot level, car inspectors, or carmen, must often make multiple measurements to determine the height or width of a critical point on the load. The summation of these measurements can be subject to mathematical human error. In addition to the inherent limitations with regards to accuracy and efficiency, this method of measurement presents considerable safety challenges. The objective of the project was to develop a portable, cost-effective and accurate measurement system to improve the day-to-day operational process of measuring HWLs and reduce human exposure to railyard hazards. Norfolk Southern worked closely with Amberg Technologies to provide a clear overview of the current measuring methods, requirements, challenges and risks associated with HWLs. Amberg then developed a prototype system (with patent pending) and successful tests have been completed at both a point of origin for NS shipments and at a location where HWLs are received at interchange. The measuring system consists of a tripod mounted laser, a specially designed track reference target (TRT) and software designed specifically for HWL measurements. The system allows car inspectors to take measurements from a safe, strategic location away from the car. As a result, this system eliminates the need to climb on the equipment or a ladder and greatly reduces the amount of time spent on and around live tracks. In addition, initial tests indicate that this technology reduces the labor time required to measure HWLs by as much as one half while improving measurement accuracy. These tests have demonstrated that a laser-based system has the potential to greatly improve the safety, efficiency and accuracy associated with measuring HWLs.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Dedmon, Steven L. "Class K Axle Design and Repair by Machining." In 2017 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2017-2309.

Full text
Abstract:
Until the introduction of AAR Standard S-259 (circular C-8287) in November, 1994 the Class F axle was the only officially designated roller bearing axle design permitted for 100 ton freight car service in North American interchange service. The increase in Gross Rail Load permitted by the Standard was correlated to increased failures at the journal ends of the axle. A 1998 redesign of the bearing and axle resulted in lower stresses in the journal; the new axle was designated as Class K and was to be used in service loads of 100/110 tons (263,000 to 286,000 pounds GRL). The redesign was highly successful in reducing axle journal failures and improving bearing life. An increase in axle failures between the wheel seats was reported several years after the redesign. Better inspection requirements and repair procedures were implemented to reduce failures resulting from surface damage. This investigation considers the effect on stresses of the accepted practice of repairing the body of the axle by machining.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Blasko, Daniel S., David Aindow, and Kuldeep K. Mistry. "Enhancements in the Performance of Journal Bearing Grease." In 2019 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2019-1302.

Full text
Abstract:
Wheelsets are removed from service for many reasons by North American Interchange Service. For example, journal bearings can be the cause of wheelset removal when operating temperature or acoustic signatures recorded by wayside detectors exceed certain limits. The Association of American Railroads (AAR) has established 13 failure progression modes to categorize the reason a bearing sets off one of these two detection systems. This study focuses on two failure progression modes: water etch caused by corrosion and issues associated with lubrication (grease). Greases for rail journal bearings are expected to satisfy a wide variety of requirements such as moisture tolerance, mechanical stability, vibration tolerance, range of operating temperatures and oxidation resistance, to name a few. This paper provides the reader an overview of several experiments and tests that were conducted with the goal of extending service life and reducing corrosion, including field tests used in the development of advanced journal bearing greases for the rail industry. One such new grease formulation was tested in the UK with good results.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Dawson, Richard W., Darrell Iler, and Kevin Koch. "New AAR Procedure Permitting Freight Car Life Beyond 50 Years." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82848.

Full text
Abstract:
The Interchange Rules of the Association of American Railroads (AAR) limit the life of freight cars to 50 years from the date originally built. Recently, however, the AAR has instituted a new provision under Interchange Rule 88 that permits cars to operate for up to 65 years since their built date. The procedure incorporates two basic portions; demonstrating that the carbody has the structural integrity to last for a total life of 65 years and upgrading specific components on each car. After applying to the AAR Equipment Engineering Committee (EEC) requesting that ILS be granted to a particular group of cars, the car owner has two optional methods to demonstrate the structural integrity of the selected cars. The first option is to perform structural inspections on a specified number of representative cars and to perform a full-scale fatigue test on a test car. In place of the fatigue test, the second option is to perform structural inspections on a larger number of cars and conduct follow-up inspections every five years after receipt of approval. The physical fatigue test incorporates modern engineering best practices by utilizing finite element modeling and full-scale accelerated fatigue testing (AFT). Following the creation of a representative model, several load conditions, both real and worst-case, are then applied to determine the high-stress locations. Using instrumentation at the high-stress locations, a full-scale test is conducted with the car operating in a typical service environment. The objective of full-scale testing is to obtain real strain data and input loads produced by typical environment conditions. AFT enables the required load cycles to be applied to the test car in a dynamic test fixture in weeks or months versus years of actual service. A rapid accumulation of fatigue-damaging cycles representative of the remaining years necessary to bring the total life of the test car to 65 years are applied to the car. The requirements for the components to be replaced or upgraded under Rule 88 are similar to those for new cars and for rebuilt cars. Some components, such as air brake control valves, are to be upgraded to more recent standards. Others are to be replaced in kind with reconditioned parts. Even though the carbody is permitted to operate beyond 50 years, components must still comply with existing AAR and Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) age limits. In addition to obtaining Increased Life Status (ILS) from the AAR, the car owner must also apply to the Federal Railroad Administration for authorization to operate the cars beyond the 50-year limit of the FRA Freight Car Safety Standards. This paper will demonstrate the approval process, including AFT testing, as applied to two groups of flat cars in auto rack service, and a group of 60-foot flat cars.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Hurst, Terril N. "Automated Model Generation Using the KIF Declarative Language." In ASME 1991 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1991-0018.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Logic-based artificial intelligence researchers propound the declarative programming paradigm as a solution to problems arising from conventional procedural programming methods. A formal language possessing a declarative semantics, called Knowledge Interchange Format (or KIF), has been used for interchanging information between disparate programs, each containing specialized internal representations to support specific requirements. A simple system has been developed to evaluate the utility of KIF and declarative programming. The domain chosen for this evaluation was lumped-parameter dynamic systems analysis, due to its well-established vocabulary and concepts. In particular, bond graph theory formed the basis of the knowledge representation which was written in KIF. Models were generated to analyze the physical dynamics of a servomechanism used in a compact disc player. Fully automated model construction and solution was achieved, beginning with a set of library elements written in KIF and ending with solution of a set of first-order differential equations which characterize dynamic behavior. Work has begun to include assembly as well as bond graph information in order to evaluate the system’s utility for managing constraints in multiple domains. Based on demonstrated success in the dynamics and assembly domains, the next step will be to apply declarative programming to more-open domains, such as functional tolerancing, for which a comprehensive vocabulary and conceptual framework is still lacking. The hope is that the declarative paradigm will contribute to the formalization of several domains which can then be more easily integrated within a concurrent engineering environment, thus fostering conceptual product designs which are more robust with respect to manufacturability constraints.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Requirement Interchange' for particular source types:
Journal articles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography