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Journal articles on the topic 'Requirement Interchange'
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Li, Yan Feng, Meng Zhao, and Xin Xin Lin. "Air Quality in a Semi-Enclosed Public Transport Interchange Station in Rush Hour." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 2077–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.2077.
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Indoor air quality in a public transport interchange station in rush hour has been studied. Carbon monoxide is selected as the main pollutant for description of air quality. Ventilation systems, bus traffic and passenger flow, air quality have been investigated by on-site survey. Large eddy simulation technology has been used to analyze indoor air quality of public transport interchange station. The boundary conditions are determined according to the measured date. Indoor air quality results at heights of 0.8m and 1.6m in rush hour and two operating conditions of public transport interchange station are calculated. Results have shown carbon monoxide concentrations at height of 0.8m are higher than those at height of 1.6m. Air quality would reach the harmful degree within 5min to 10min if the ventilation system is not operating. The ventilation system should be operated continuously during the peak hour in order to meet the requirement of indoor air quality standards.
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Ren, Rui, Shuoshuo Xu, Zhaodan Ren, et al. "Numerical Investigation of Particle Concentration Distribution Characteristics in Twin-Tunnel Complementary Ventilation System." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (July 12, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1329187.
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Longitudinal ventilation systems are commonly installed in new tunnels. In this paper, based on the similarity law, the scale model with a view to different conditions is carried out to study the effectiveness of twin-tunnel complementary ventilation system. The system can offer enough amount of fresh air to meet requirement of driving safety by using longitudinal ventilation without ventilation shaft. Field measurements were also performed to validate the numerical model. Results reveal that particle concentration distribution is influenced by the distance from air interchange cross-passages to uphill tunnel inlet (Lex) and the flow volume of air interchange cross (Qex) passage and jet fan thrust (Pjet) in tunnel. And Lex is the most important factor about influencing the ventilation efficiency.
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Nathanail, Eftihia. "How efficiently educational programs prepare professionals to meet current and future challenges of transport interchanges." European Transport/Trasporti Europei 79, ET.2020 (2020): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.48295/et.2020.79.10.
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The objective of this paper is to identify relevance of the existing educational programs to the skills required on job, as perceived by the stakeholders involved, such as policy makers, transport operators and service providers, academia and research sector. The research was conducted based on a questionnaire survey retrieving the knowledge gained through educational and training programs, the importance of this knowledge and its relevance to the skills required for further career pursuance. In parallel, analysis was done of various curricula offered by prominent educational institutions throughout Europe, in the context of or associated with transport interchanges. Findings indicated that there is significant deficiency of knowledge in the European policy on intermodal transportation, business models building and interchange design. Also, it was observed that there is an increasing requirement for gaining skills on sustainable development and transportation planning, decision making methodologies, data collection methods and utilization of big data for policy-making.
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Anthony, Gordon. "EC Law, UK Public Law and The Human Rights Act 1998: A New Integrative Dynamic?" Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 2 (1999): 417–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/152888712802815707.
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The process of European legal integration has long been understood to engage the workings of domestic legal orders, EC law and, to a lesser extent, the law of the ECHR. In general terms, the relationship between these bodies of law has been characterised as involving the direct and indirect interchange of principle and practice across jurisdictions. An example of direct interchange is found in the EC law requirement that national courts give effect to rules emanating from the EC legal order in all cases raising EC law issues. The indirect form occurs in disputes which do not raise EC law issues but which see national courts voluntarily borrow from their experience within the EC legal order by way of developing the domestic legal system. Likewise, national courts and the European Court of Justice have relied upon the law of the ECHR, a “foreign” body of rules, in developing their respective legal orders.
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Anthony, Gordon. "EC Law, UK Public Law and The Human Rights Act 1998: A New Integrative Dynamic?" Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 2 (1999): 417–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000003451.
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The process of European legal integration has long been understood to engage the workings of domestic legal orders, EC law and, to a lesser extent, the law of the ECHR. In general terms, the relationship between these bodies of law has been characterised as involving the direct and indirect interchange of principle and practice across jurisdictions. An example of direct interchange is found in the EC law requirement that national courts give effect to rules emanating from the EC legal order in all cases raising EC law issues. The indirect form occurs in disputes which do not raise EC law issues but which see national courts voluntarily borrow from their experience within the EC legal order by way of developing the domestic legal system. Likewise, national courts and the European Court of Justice have relied upon the law of the ECHR, a “foreign” body of rules, in developing their respective legal orders.
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Zafar, Rimsha, Shayan Khan, and Ankur Rajput. "Electronic Commerce - Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 7, no. 7 (2017): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijarcsse/v7i7/0191.
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E‐commerce is one of the applications of various technologies of communication to provide the exchange of automated business information. The present scenario requires an approach where the paper is replaced with technology and giving rise to EDI (Electronic data interchange). Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) is a mode of resolving legal disputes in online medium. The requirement of this mode is both in the business world as well as common men that requires timely justice. To so.lve the delayed justice problem and helping out people in all domains ADR plays a very important role. The project report discusses on the concept of EDI, the various processes and steps involved in EDI. The standardized formats and types of EDI have also been discussed with a case study. The drawbacks and benefits have also been listed and how does the business world look forward for growth in EDI and explanation of ADR and comparing two models named as virtual magistrate project and Wipo.
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Sousa, Ana Margarida, Andreia Ferreira, Nuno F. Azevedo, Maria Olivia Pereira, and Anália Lourenço. "Computational approaches to standard-compliant biofilm data for reliable analysis and integration." Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics 9, no. 3 (2012): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jib-2012-203.
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Summary The study of microorganism consortia, also known as biofilms, is associated to a number of applications in biotechnology, ecotechnology and clinical domains. Nowadays, biofilm studies are heterogeneous and data-intensive, encompassing different levels of analysis. Computational modelling of biofilm studies has become thus a requirement to make sense of these vast and ever-expanding biofilm data volumes.The rationale of the present work is a machine-readable format for representing biofilm studies and supporting biofilm data interchange and data integration. This format is supported by the Biofilm Science Ontology (BSO), the first ontology on biofilms information. The ontology is decomposed into a number of areas of interest, namely: the Experimental Procedure Ontology (EPO) which describes biofilm experimental procedures; the Colony Morphology Ontology (CMO) which characterises morphologically microorganism colonies; and other modules concerning biofilm phenotype, antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence traits. The overall objective behind BSO is to develop semantic resources to capture, represent and share data on biofilms and related experiments in a regularized fashion manner. Furthermore, the present work also introduces a framework in assistance of biofilm data interchange and analysis - BiofOmics (http://biofomics.org) - and a public repository on colony morphology signatures - MorphoCol (http://stardust.deb.uminho.pt/morphocol).
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Mwinuka, Tito E., and Beda M. Mutagahywa. "2D AutoCAD Geometric Data Extraction and Post- Processing for Numerical Control." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 34, no. 1 (2013): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v34i1.458.
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In this paper, a method of extracting 2D geometric data from AutoCAD drawing and post- processing for Numerical Control (NC) is presented. Geometric data already available in the Drawing Interchange Files (DXF) can be utilized to accurately and economically prepare part programs for controlling NC/CNC machine tools. AutoCAD, being generalpurpose software, stores its geometric data in a form that cannot be directly applied for automatic generation of Numerical Control (NC) codes. The way around the discrepancy between the structure of a drawing database (DXF files) and the information requirement for part programming is addressed in this work. NC programming of a test componentdrawn in AutoCAD is also presented.
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Zhai, Qing Zhi, Jian Hua Yang, and Yang Chen. "Web-Aided Design for Dimensioning Power Cables." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 2233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.2233.
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The size selection of cables is not only to avoid the excessive heating and the danger of fire, but also to insure the service and the reliability of the concerned electric circuit. In the context of the dimension of the cables, some standards should be observed and necessary calculations should be done. With the requirement of the worldwide expansion application on Internet, the approach and the architecture of a complete Web-aided design platform are proposed for dimensioning the cables. The platform supports some calculation methods which are necessary for selecting the cables. Both XML documents and databases are used to interchange power system data and calculation results between Web servers and clients.
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Zhou, Xizhen, Binghong Pan, and Yang Shao. "Evaluating the Impact of Sight Distance and Geometric Alignment on Driver Performance in Freeway Exits Diverging Area Based on Simulated Driving Data." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (2021): 6368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116368.
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The decision sight distance (DSD) at freeway exits is a major factor affecting traffic safety. Based on the Hechizhai Interchange in Xi’an City (Shaanxi Province, China), this paper designs a simulation experiment. Through a simulator study and a questionnaire survey, this paper discusses the impact of the DSD, 1.25 times the stopping sight distance (SSD) and a circular curve deflection on a driver’s driving state (including steering wheel angle rate and steering wheel angle frequency domain). Thirty volunteers participated in this research. The result shows that (1) it is safer to drive on an exit that meets DSD. (2) If it only meets the 1.25 times the SSD requirement, the overloaded driving tasks and operation would be more likely to cause crashes. The driving state of the driver on the right circular curve is obviously better than that on the left circular curve, because changing lanes to the right on the left circular curve does not meet the driver’s expectations. (3) Left and right circular curve should be treated differently in the driving area and the constant sight distance requirements should not be applied. (4) The left circular curve should be more stringent to ensure driving safety.
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Cole, M. "The Study of Behavior in its Context: a Mesogenetic Approach." Cultural-Historical Psychology 11, no. 4 (2015): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2015110405.
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This essay traces the history of an activity designed to promote the intellectual and social development of elementary-age school children during the after-school hours. Following in the footsteps of Urie Bronfenbrenner, it highlights the insight that just as all human development occurs in contexts of varying levels of inclusiveness and mutual interchange, human development occurs at intersecting scales of time that themselves vary in character and duration. In tracing one line of this activity in its institutional contexts over an 18 year period, it makes clear that scholars interested in person-context co-constitutive processes are confronted with a difficult methodological requirement; to study simultaneously the history of the person (at the microgenetic and ontogenetic time scales) as well the history of “the contexts of development” in which the persons participate.
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Meng, Xiang Hai, Zhi Zhao Zhang, and Yong Yi Shi. "Research on Traffic Safety on Freeway Merging Sections Based on TTC and PET." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 2224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.2224.
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Since the traffic safety of freeway interchange merging sections and the accidents occurred in this areas can not meet the requirement of statistical analysis, this paper employed traffic conflict technique to analyze the safety situation of freeway merging sections. The traffic data of vehicles through the merging sections are collected and analyzed. These data include the vehicle type, speed, time headway and others based on the features of individual vehicle. Then two methodologies are developed, the first is based on time to collision (TTC), which can calculate the rear-end conflict number, while the second is based on post encroachment time (PET), which can calculate the lane-change conflict number. The results show that these surrogate measures can quantitatively describe the rear-end conflict situation and lane-change conflict situation.
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Qureshi, Khubaib Ahmed, and Syed Jamal Hussain. "Descriptive Approach Towards Managing True E-governments." Journal of Management and Research 1, no. 1 (2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29145/jmr/11/0101003.
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The role of true e-Government is becoming vital and gaining much attention as modern businesses need adaptive, dynamic and strategic business partnerships in the form of Virtual Organizations and e-Enterprises to survive in the turbulent and global competitive environment. Therefore, managing today's dynamic, collaborative and networked nature of government environment is quite challenging. Real e-Government solution is expected to use, flexible and reusable technology to support valuable citizens and modern business expectations to access necessary government services and information. Here comes the requirement for more efficient ways of integrating their systems together under appropriate e-Government solution. It enables citizens and business organizations to interact with government on nearly all matters, 24/7, without knowing which part of the government is providing the required service. In fact, much research work is being done in e-Business Integration but e-Government Integration is comparatively ignored. As a matter of fact, practical implementation of 'seamless' government across jurisdiction is the most challenging aspect of the future of eGovernment which is the subject of our research. In this research, we first formalize the basis/requirements of such e-Government Integration framework as standard and then analyze all candidate software solutions which could help us in development of better and appropriate integrated solution of e-Government, and finally develop the required e-Government Integration framework that adheres to the requirements. Fulfilling our requirement, major approaches like SOA and EDA, transformation of supporting technologies starting from Electronic Data Interchange to WS's and integration at processes level through XML are primarily examined with the intent to give easy to use, reusable, flexible, scalable and adaptable e-Government Integration solution. Our proposed solution encompasses the most difficult problem of efficiently connecting varied inter eGovernments and intra e-Government activities with citizens and modern business configurations like: Virtual Organizations (VO), e-Enterprises, etc. allowing the governments to respond efficiently
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Yan, Jin-Tai. "Routability Crossing Distribution and Floating Pin Assignment for T-type Junction Region." VLSI Design 10, no. 2 (1999): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1999/12841.
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Based on non-crossing relations, vertical constraint relations and net-geometry relations in one T-type junction region, two kinds of routability crossing distributions are proposed to improve routing performance in one T-type junction region. For routability crossing distribution in one T-type junction region, a routability-ordering graph is built to decide a net ordering in O(n2) time. For routability quota crossing distribution in one T-type junction region, if the number of net crossings in base channel is more than a given quota, this net ordering in routability crossing distribution will be further adjusted to satisfy the quota requirement by using a net interchange operation in O(n) time. For floating pin assignment in one T-type junction region, global nets are assigned on the boundary between top channel and base channel by interleaving vacant pins in O(n) time according to a net ordering in routability crossing distribution.
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WALKER, A. D. M. "Reflection and transmission at the boundary between two counterstreaming MHD plasmas – active boundaries or negative-energy waves?" Journal of Plasma Physics 63, no. 3 (2000): 203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377899008223.
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A magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wave, incident on the boundary between two MHD media in relative motion, may be amplified or attenuated by exchanging energy with the kinetic energy of the background flow. The conventional treatment of this problem uses a definition of the wave energy such that energy is conserved at the boundary. An amplified reflected wave then leads to the requirement of a transmitted wave carrying negative energy. Such an approach, while producing correct results, obscures the nature and location of the energy interchange. In this paper, the proper definitions of energy density and flux in a moving plasma are discussed, and the relationship of the group velocity and the energy flow is clarified. The mechanism by which energy is exchanged between streaming plasma and wave is through the work done by the Maxwell and Reynolds stresses on the gradient of velocity at the boundary. The location of the energy exchange is identified as the active boundary, with no need to invoke ideas of negative energy. The relationship between the two approaches is critically discussed.
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Vitkus, Donatas, Žilvinas Steckevičius, Nikolaj Goranin, Diana Kalibatienė, and Antanas Čenys. "Automated Expert System Knowledge Base Development Method for Information Security Risk Analysis." International Journal of Computers Communications & Control 14, no. 6 (2019): 743–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2019.6.3668.
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Information security risk analysis is a compulsory requirement both from the side of regulating documents and information security management decision making process. Some researchers propose using expert systems (ES) for process automation, but this approach requires the creation of a high-quality knowledge base. A knowledge base can be formed both from expert knowledge or information collected from other sources of information. The problem of such approach is that experts or good quality knowledge sources are expensive. In this paper we propose the problem solution by providing an automated ES knowledge base development method. The method proposed is novel since unlike other methods it does not integrate ontology directly but utilizes automated transformation of existing information security ontology elements into ES rules: The Web Ontology Rule Language (OWL RL) subset of ontology is segregated into Resource Description Framework (RDF) triplets, that are transformed into Rule Interchange Format (RIF); RIF rules are converted into Java Expert System Shell (JESS) knowledge base rules. The experiments performed have shown the principal method applicability. The created knowledge base was later verified by performing comparative risk analysis in a sample company.
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Qi, Shixiong, Xiuli Wang, Xue Li, Tao Qian, and Qiwen Zhang. "Enhancing Integrated Energy Distribution System Resilience through a Hierarchical Management Strategy in District Multi-Energy Systems." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (2019): 4048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154048.
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The requirement for energy sustainability drives the development of integrated energy distribution systems (IEDSs). In this paper, considering the coordination of district multi-energy systems (DMESs), a hierarchical management strategy is proposed to enhance IEDS resilience. The proposed strategy is divided into three modes: the normal operation mode, the preventive operation mode and the resilient operation mode. In the normal operation mode, the objective of DEMSs is to minimize the operation costs. In the preventive operation mode, the objective of DEMSs is to maximize the stored energy for mitigating outage. The resilient operation mode consists of two stages. DMESs schedule their available resources and broadcast excess generation capacities or unserved loads to neighboring DMESs through the cyber communication network in the first stage. In the second stage, DMESs interchange electricity and natural gas with each other through the physical common bus for global optimization. A consensus algorithm was applied to determine the allocated proportions of exported or imported electricity and natural gas for each DMES in a distributed way. An IEDS including five DMESs was used as a test system. The results of the case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed hierarchical management strategy and algorithm.
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Lu, Yongxu, and Roger D. Everett. "Analysis of the Functional Interchange between the IE1 and pp71 Proteins of Human Cytomegalovirus and ICP0 of Herpes Simplex Virus 1." Journal of Virology 89, no. 6 (2014): 3062–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.03480-14.
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ABSTRACTHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immediate early protein IE1 and the tegument protein pp71 are required for efficient infection. These proteins have some functional similarities with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) immediate early protein ICP0, which stimulates lytic HSV-1 infection and derepresses quiescent HSV-1 genomes. All three proteins counteract antiviral restriction mediated by one or more components of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies, and IE1 and pp71, acting together, almost completely complement ICP0 null mutant HSV-1. Here, we investigated whether ICP0 might substitute for IE1 or pp71 during HCMV infection. Using human fibroblasts that express ICP0, IE1, or pp71 in an inducible manner, we found that ICP0 stimulated replication of both wild-type (wt) and pp71 mutant HCMV while IE1 increased wt HCMV plaque formation and completely complemented the IE1 mutant. Although ICP0 stimulated IE2 expression from IE1 mutant HCMV and increased the number of IE2-positive cells, it could not compensate for IE1 in full lytic replication. These results are consistent with previous evidence that both IE1 and IE2 are required for efficient HCMV gene expression, but they also imply that IE2 functionality is influenced specifically by IE1, either directly or indirectly, and that IE1 may include sequences that have HCMV-specific functions. We discovered a mutant form of IE1 (YL2) that fails to stimulate HCMV infection while retaining 30 to 80% of the activity of the wt protein in complementing ICP0 null mutant HSV-1. It is intriguing that the YL2 mutation is situated in the region of IE1 that is shared with IE2 and which is highly conserved among primate cytomegaloviruses.IMPORTANCEHerpesvirus gene expression can be repressed by cellular restriction factors, one group of which is associated with structures known as ND10 or PML nuclear bodies (PML NBs). Regulatory proteins of several herpesviruses interfere with PML NB-mediated repression, and in some cases their activities are transferrable between different viruses. For example, the requirement for ICP0 during herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection can be largely replaced by ICP0-related proteins expressed by other alphaherpesviruses and even by a combination of the unrelated IE1 and pp71 proteins of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Here, we report that ICP0 stimulates gene expression and replication of wt HCMV but cannot replace the need for IE1 during infection by IE1-defective HCMV mutants. Therefore, IE1 includes HCMV-specific functions that cannot be replaced by ICP0.
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Chanodiya*, Mitesh, and Dr Manish Potey. "Compositional Defence of Application Privacy in Resistant to Physical and Software Attacks in Untrusted Cloud Environment." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, no. 6 (2021): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.f3024.0810621.
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Cloud computing facilities have become an increasing rise in demand for presenting computing sources. Various programs like monetary transactions, fitness care systems, video streaming, IoT programs want on-call for provisioning of cloud sources to guarantee timeliness and excessive availability. A shared culture for data interchange has evolved as a result of the fast progress of networking technology. The data security has become a difficult issue as a result of the vast volume of data that is exchanged via the internet. Thus there is a requirement for security to protect data that is transmitted across an insecure connection. In our proposed work, privacy, confidentiality, availability, integrity, and accountability that contribute to the security of information are ensured by cryptographic technique. This paper also describes an exhaustive study on the usage of hybrid algorithms i.e. the combination of Advanced Encryption Standards (AES) and Elliptical Curve Cryptography (ECC) to protect data leakage and protect the privacy of end-users and SHA256 algorithm to ensure data integrity. This type of hybrid encryption will help not only in concentrating software as well as physical attacks but also provide the model to deal with and prevent the application from these types of attacks; thus making the cloud application system more secure. The implemented web application can be used as a defence system for privacy and security in organizations as well as institutions where members of the organization can share the file or confidential data to other team members or colleagues without data leakage thus providing data privacy and security.
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Ebert, Christof, and Michael Jastram. "ReqIF: Seamless Requirements Interchange Format between Business Partners." IEEE Software 29, no. 5 (2012): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ms.2012.121.
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Gbadega, Peter Anuoluwapo, and Akshay Kumar Saha. "Dynamic Tuning of the Controller Parameters in a Two-Area Multi-Source Power System for Optimal Load Frequency Control Performance." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 51 (November 2020): 111–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.51.111.
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Frequency control is becoming increasingly critical today due to the growing size and changing structure of complex interconnected power networks. Scaling up economic pressures for efficiency and reliability of the power system has necessitated a requirement for maintaining system frequency, and tie-line power flows as close as possible to scheduled values. High-frequency deviations may degrade load performance, damage equipment, resulting in overloading of transmission lines, which may interfere with system protection schemes, and, finally, may also result in an unstable condition of the power system. More so, Load Frequency Control ( LFC) plays a vital role in the modern power system as an auxiliary service to support power exchanges and, at the same time, to provide better conditions for the trading of electricity. Therefore, the tuning of the dynamic controller (i.e., net frequency and net power interchange errors) is a significant factor in achieving optimum LFC performance. Appropriate tuning of the controller parameters is required in order to achieve excellent control action. In view of this, this paper introduces the dynamic tuning of controller parameters in a two-area multi-source power system with an AC-DC parallel tie line for optimum load-frequency control performance. Matlab/Simulink software is used to realize the system simulation. System dynamic performance is observed for conventional PID tuning by the Ziegler Nichols method and the Kitamori method, fuzzy logic controllers, fuzzy-logic PID controllers, fuzzy PID controllers, and polar-Fuzzy controllers. Furthermore, the frequency and tie-line power response of the interconnected areas were compared based on the setting-time, peak-overshoot, and peak-undershoot. The simulation results show that the responses of the fuzzy-based controllers are faster than those of the classical controllers, resulting in minimized frequency and tie-line power deviations.
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Klann, Jeffrey G., Aaron Abend, Vijay A. Raghavan, Kenneth D. Mandl, and Shawn N. Murphy. "Data interchange using i2b2." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 23, no. 5 (2016): 909–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocv188.
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Abstract Objective Reinventing data extraction from electronic health records (EHRs) to meet new analytical needs is slow and expensive. However, each new data research network that wishes to support its own analytics tends to develop its own data model. Joining these different networks without new data extraction, transform, and load (ETL) processes can reduce the time and expense needed to participate. The Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) project supports data network interoperability through an ontology-driven approach. We use i2b2 as a hub, to rapidly reconfigure data to meet new analytical requirements without new ETL programming. Materials and Methods Our 12-site National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network (PCORnet) Clinical Data Research Network (CDRN) uses i2b2 to query data. We developed a process to generate a PCORnet Common Data Model (CDM) physical database directly from existing i2b2 systems, thereby supporting PCORnet analytic queries without new ETL programming. This involved: a formalized process for representing i2b2 information models (the specification of data types and formats); an information model that represents CDM Version 1.0; and a program that generates CDM tables, driven by this information model. This approach is generalizable to any logical information model. Results Eight PCORnet CDRN sites have implemented this approach and generated a CDM database without a new ETL process from the EHR. This enables federated querying within the CDRN and compatibility with the national PCORnet Distributed Research Network. Discussion We have established a way to adapt i2b2 to new information models without requiring changes to the underlying data. Eight Scalable Collaborative Infrastructure for a Learning Health System sites vetted this methodology, resulting in a network that, at present, supports research on 10 million patients’ data. Conclusion New analytical requirements can be quickly and cost-effectively supported by i2b2 without creating new data extraction processes from the EHR.
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Condit, Paul B. "Requirements for cardiac interchange media and the role of recordable CD." International Journal of Cardiac Imaging 11, no. 3 (1995): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01143134.
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Alt, Oliver. "Mit Versionierungsinformationen im Requirements Interchange Format (ReqIF) echte Wiederverwendung von Anforderungen erreichen." Softwaretechnik-Trends 33, no. 1 (2013): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03323542.
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Moskvichev, Oleg V., and Svetlana A. Leonova. "Development of a system of transport-interchange hubs in urban transport network." SHS Web of Conferences 112 (2021): 00015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111200015.
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The paper considers the issues of the formation of a system of transport interchange hubs (TIH), associated with the determination of the location of TIH in order to improve the quality of the provided transport services. The model of the optimal choice of TIH system is presented in the form of a linear Boolean programming problem. The paper gives the factors that reduce the average travel time around the city due to the formation of a system of transport hubs. In order to solve the problem of the choice of TIH locations, the approach based on the definition of “effective interchange hubs” is proposed. The determination of effective interchange hubs is carried out according to the following algorithm. First we found a list of non-stop (direct) rides. Then, we consider the rides for which there is no direct route or for which there is such a route, but this revealed connecting route will take less time. These hubs are efficient. Next, a list of effective interchange hubs is determined and the amount of passenger traffic at each hub is specified. Using mathematical methods to solve integer programming problems, it is possible to select such efficient interchange hubs, in which it is advisable to create transport interchange hubs. These scientific results can be used in programs and projects for the development of urban transport systems in the development of basic requirements for the formation of transport hubs.
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Liu, Wei, Xia Chen, and Ayong Hu. "Study on Traffic Flow Parameters Model of Expressway Interchanges Opening Distance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 2623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.2623.
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The operational safety and service quality of urban expressway are greatly affected by the distance of interchange opening. This paper definited the distance of 4 kinds of opening combination modes, showed the calculation models, and established a piecewise function model of opening distance, traffic volume and speed. It also proposed that, meeting the requirements of minimum distance, the opening distance should be determined with the consideration of actual road traffic conditions, by analyzing the relationship between the opening distance, traffic volume and speed. The results can be the references for the traffic management and the planning and designing of urban expressway interchange.
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Harris, R. "Interchanging simulation databases with third parties using SEDRIS." Aeronautical Journal 112, no. 1130 (2008): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000002141.
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Abstract Successful, seamless interchange of simulation databases has long proved surprisingly difficult to achieve. Numerous technical difficulties, arising from the different environmental representations used by different simulation systems, have proved to be only one facet of this difficulty. Often such problems are in fact the result of more fundamental underlying issues, such as the mathematical relationships between different co-ordinate systems. Logistical issues, and collaborative aspects of database interchange between different groups or companies, also contribute to the problems. Thales has encountered many of these issues over the years in generating a range of databases for its simulation systems. These databases are required to correlate closely with other sensor systems, in particular the visual, but it is often the case that these other systems are third party products, using databases modelled by companies other than Thales. In these circumstances, the strategy used by Thales to generate its databases has typically been to derive them directly from the visual database. This has involved directly processing the visual database, extracting relevant geometry and attribution and formatting it for use by the Thales simulation systems. Historically, such visual databases have been provided by third parties using the SIF/HDI interchange format and imported directly into the Thales database generation toolset. While generating such derived databases in this way has been achieved successfully, many interchange issues referred to above were encountered and needed to be addressed. When the need arose to replace SIF/HDI, the opportunity was taken to seek a replacement that would not only provide better representational capabilities but also address many of the wider, non-technical issues as well. Analysis of a variety of formats was undertaken and SEDRIS emerged as by far the strongest contender. Not only did it provide the best all round support for existing data representation requirements, it also gave good support for addressing wider interchange issues and offered a variety of opportunities to enhance the database generation toolset, both during initial development and over time. This paper will discuss experiences using SEDRIS in this context. It will examine the basic representational requirements that needed to be met and the interchange problems that were to be overcome. The ways in which SEDRIS was seen to address these problems will be considered, along with the other advantages SEDRIS offered. Experiences developing SEDRIS software and interchanging databases using SEDRIS will also be described, including some lessons learned concerning both the use of SEDRIS and database interchange in general.
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Suchenia, Anna, Krzysztof Kluza, Piotr Wiśniewski, Krystian Jobczyk, and Antoni Ligęza. "Towards knowledge interoperability between the UML, DMN, BPMN and CMMN models." MATEC Web of Conferences 252 (2019): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925202011.
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Development of modern software systems consists of many different phases, the sequence of whom is referred to as the software life cycle. During these phases, business analysts gather requirements from clients and try to design a system in order to fulfil these requirements. Software design of complex systems exploits various notations for representing knowledge about system structure and behaviour, decisions, processes and different cases. These elements are modelled using such graphical notations, maintained by Object Management Group (OMG), such as UML (Unified Modelling Language), DMN (Decision Model and Notation), BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation), and CMMN (Case Management Model and Notation). In this paper, we present our work-in-progress analysis of the current state of the art in knowledge interchange for these notations. Moreover, we identify the integration or interchange approaches in terms of application areas. Our goal is to provide an input for an integrated method of designing systems with the use of these notations.
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Tubis, Agnieszka, Mateusz Rydlewski, and Marcin Budzyński. "The Indicators Assessment of Safety and Functionality of Tram Loops." Journal of KONBiN 50, no. 3 (2020): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2020-0048.
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AbstractThe new requirements set for tram loops mean that all stakeholders' expectations regarding their safety and functionality change. This creates a need for new tools for tram loop assessment, which are important interchanges, especially for people living outside the city limits or on their outskirts. The aim of the authors ’research is to create a indicators for assessing the safety and functionality of tram loops. Therefore, the article presents an overview of the research results in the area of tram transport and interchanges safety. Then the proposed indicator assessment for tram loops was described.
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Ye, Heng-Qing, and David D. Yao. "Diffusion Approximation for Fair Resource Control—Interchange of Limits Under a Moment Condition." Mathematics of Operations Research 46, no. 3 (2021): 869–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/moor.2020.1065.
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In a prior study [Ye HQ, Yao DD (2016) Diffusion limit of fair resource control–Stationary and interchange of limits. Math. Oper. Res. 41(4):1161–1207.] focusing on a class of stochastic processing network with fair resource control, we justified the diffusion approximation (in the context of the interchange of limits) provided that the pth moment of the workloads are bounded. To this end, we introduced the so-called bounded workload condition, which requires the workload process be bounded by a free process plus the initial workload. This condition is for a derived process, the workload, as opposed to primitives such as arrival processes and service requirements; as such, it could be difficult to verify. In this paper, we establish the interchange of limits under a moment condition of suitable order on the primitives directly: the required order is [Formula: see text] on the moments of the primitive processes so as to bound the pth moment of the workload. This moment condition is trivial to verify, and indeed automatically holds in networks where the primitives have moments of all orders, for instance, renewal arrivals with phase-type interarrival times and independent and identically distributed phase-type service times.
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Mazhar, Alaa Noori, and Ekhlas Falih. "Hiding the Type of Skin Texture in Mice based on Fuzzy Clustering Technique." Baghdad Science Journal 17, no. 3(Suppl.) (2020): 0967. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2020.17.3(suppl.).0967.
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A substantial matter to confidential messages' interchange through the internet is transmission of information safely. For example, digital products' consumers and producers are keen for knowing those products are genuine and must be distinguished from worthless products. Encryption's science can be defined as the technique to embed the data in an images file, audio or videos in a style which should be met the safety requirements. Steganography is a portion of data concealment science that aiming to be reached a coveted security scale in the interchange of private not clear commercial and military data. This research offers a novel technique for steganography based on hiding data inside the clusters that resulted from fuzzy clustering. The approach has been employed to use Fuzzy C-Mean clustering (FCM) to find the robust image regions for hiding the type of skin texture features in mice. The steganography was implemented using Least Significant Bit (LSB) method.
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Phillips, Karen, Prabashni Reddy, and Steven Gabardi. "Is There Evidence to Support Brand to Generic Interchange of the Mycophenolic Acid Products?" Journal of Pharmacy Practice 30, no. 1 (2016): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190015585758.
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The uptake of generic immunosuppressants lags comparatively to other drug classes, despite that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) uses identical bioequivalence standards for all drugs. Transplant societies acknowledge the cost savings associated with generic immunosuppressants and support their use following heart, lung, kidney, or bone marrow transplantation. Seven studies of the pharmacokinetics or clinical efficacy of generic mycophenolate mofetil compared to the innovator product are published; all studies and products were ex-United States. Three studies did not demonstrate any pharmacokinetic differences between generic and innovator products in healthy subjects, achieving FDA bioequivalence requirements. Two studies in renal allograft recipients demonstrated no difference in area under the curves between generic and innovator products, and in one, the maximum concentration (Cmax) fell outside the FDA regulatory range. Two studies revealed no difference in acute organ rejection or graft function in renal allograft recipients. Patient surveys indicate that cost is a barrier to immunosuppressant adherence. Generics present a viable method to reduce costs to payers, patients, and health care systems. Adherence to immunosuppressants is crucial to prevent graft failure. An affordable regimen potentially confers greater adherence. Concerns regarding the presumed inferiority of generic immunosuppressants should be assuaged by regulatory requirements for bioequivalency testing, transplant society position statements, and pharmacokinetic and clinical studies.
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Chen, Ming, Wei Huang, and Chun Hai Wang. "A Research on Manufacture Technology of Superhard Material Precision Reamers Based on Inside-Holding Technique." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.69.
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In modern industry time, more strict requirement on dimension precision, geometry shape and surface roughness of holes have been set to meet the continue advent of superhard materials, the interchanges requirement under batch production, and the application of precision and super-precision machining technique. The super hard material precision reamers have great advantages in dealing with these problems. This paper presents a new process in designing and manufacturing of the superhard material precision reamers, which is called inside-holding electroplating technique. The new process adopts inside-holding electroplating process, eddy flowage electroplating device, extracting pattern process and etc.. Comparing with traditional process, the new one has such advantages as low production cost, high precision, long service life, undressed, and so on.
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Copeland, Paul M. "Two Cases of Therapeutic Failure Associated with Levothyroxine Brand Interchange." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 29, no. 5 (1995): 482–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809502900505.
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Objective: To report the loss of therapeutic control in 2 hypothyroid patients and remind clinical pharmacists and other healthcare professionals to remain cognizant of possible product quality differences within or bioequivalency differences between levothyroxine products. Case Summaries: Two patients with stable hypothyroidism experienced symptoms of hypothyroidism with increased serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations after switching from 1 levothyroxine product to another. One tablet from 1 of the patient's levothyroxine prescriptions was assayed, and its levothyroxine content was 74.5% of the label claim, a value outside of the United States Pharmacopeia requirements of 90–110%. Discussion: Two patients with hypothyroidism had remained euthyroid and stable while receiving 1 levothyroxine product, but became symptomatic with dramatically increased serum TSH concentrations while receiving what were thought to be comparable dosages of another levothyroxine product. Therapeutic control was reestablished in both patients after therapy with the original levothyroxine product was reinstated. Conclusions: Clinical pharmacists and other healthcare professionals should remain cognizant of possible product quality differences within or bioequivalency differences between levothyroxine products. These differences necessitate close monitoring of hypothyroid patients, counseling these patients about the clinical signs of sub- and supratherapeutic levothyroxine dosages, and prudence when switching patients with stable hypothyroidism to alternative levothyroxine products. If there are inconsistencies between levothyroxine products, resultant deleterious effects on the therapeutic stability of patients with hypothyroidism may undermine cost savings that might be incurred by such a change. If these patients are switched to alternative levothyroxine products, it is recommended that thyroid function tests be repeated after equilibration to the new product.
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Swillens, S., G. Dupont, L. Combettes, and P. Champeil. "From calcium blips to calcium puffs: Theoretical analysis of the requirements for interchannel communication." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 96, no. 24 (1999): 13750–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.24.13750.
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Mitropoulos, Lambros, Giannis Adamos, Eftihia Nathanail, Irina Yatskiv (Jackiva), and Igor Kabashkin. "BUILDING ON EUROPEAN SCIENTIFIC EXCELLENCE TO DEVELOP AN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM ON INTERMODAL CONNECTIONS FOR LATVIA AND THE REGION." Transport 32, no. 1 (2017): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2017.1280851.
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Economic and social factors, including existing trends in urban population and employment growth combined with urbanization, have led to enhanced consumption and thus, increasing freight flows in the cities. Mitigation of transport impacts has led to plans towards a more sustainable urban environment. However, managerial and regulatory barriers restrict the incorporation of technological instruments and solutions to the sustainable dimension of decision-making and planning. This paper has sought to bridge this gap by organizing an educational and training program, which involves the participation of todays and tomorrow’s researchers, decision-makers and practitioners. Towards this direction, a methodology is developed that identifies existing gaps between the transport industry and the existing research, education and training programs and converts identified requirements and gaps into training courses. The paper addresses the context of intermodal interconnections for the case of Latvia and the region for stimulating and strengthening its scientific and technological capacity by providing knowledge in the field of smart interconnecting sustainable transport networks. The 2-level gap analysis that was developed and implemented with respect to the thematic areas of (1) ‘Governance and policy development’, (2) ‘Smart solutions’, and (3) ‘Decision-making’, and the validation process that followed, has revealed several requirements that exist currently for passenger and freight interchanges and educational programs for Latvia and the region. Based on the identified educational requirements for Latvia and the region, 20 educational areas were created that resulted in 12 courses for passenger and freight transport interchanges that are going to be used for training and education in Latvia.
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Cen, Wei, Ying Jie Lv, Zhi Qiang Sun, Bao Feng Li, and Yi Lun Fu. "Explore of the Smart Meter′s Security Protection Function Realization Method Based on Q/GDW1365-2012." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 1048–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.1048.
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In order to ensure the security protection level for smart meter to fulfill the requirements of state grids information security protection grade, promote the applications for the smart meters automatic detection pipeline, improve smart meters test efficiency, the state grid company has carried on the revision for Q/GDW 365-2009 "Security techniques of information interchange authentication specification for smart electricity meters", and has generated the Q/GDW1365-2012 standard. This paper has proposed the smart electricity meters security protection function realization method according to Q/GDW1365-2012s relevant revision item, combined with the questions often appears in practical work.
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Wang, Jing Kun, Jin Feng Shan, Jian Jun Li, and Jin Sheng Zhang. "The Reconfigurable Design of Stone Grinding Equipment." Advanced Materials Research 230-232 (May 2011): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.230-232.324.
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Reconfigurable design is becoming more and more important in the product design. Based on the interchange and the assembled character of the module, module design is the main technology of carrying out reconfigurable design. Reconfigurable design system in this paper uses function and structure module, builds the virtual design floor to decompose and mapping the function and structure of the stone grinding equipment. Based on the equipment database created in Pro/Engineer software, this software can design, modify and assemble the module and the whole product according to the customer requirements. The application effect of this software is prefect.
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Al Hadid, Issam. "Airport Enterprise Service Bus with Self-Healing Architecture (AESB-SH)." International Journal of Aviation Technology, Engineering and Management 1, no. 1 (2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijatem.2011010101.
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Airports need to adapt new technologies to react effectively and quickly to customers’ needs and to provide a better service such as the electronic ticket. In addition to the challenges of the ability to respond to the growing requirements of the automatic information interchange between the different systems to ensure safe and efficient airport operations. This paper provides an architecture based on the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) that improves the information accessibility and sharing across the different Airport’s departments, integrates the existing legacy systems with other applications, and improves and maximizes the system’s reliability, adaptability, robustness, and availability using the Self-Healing Agent.
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CEMBRANO, GUSTAVO LIÑAN, ANGEL RODRÍGUEZ-VÁZQUEZ, SERVANDO ESPEJO MEANA, and RAFAEL DOMÍNGUEZ-CASTRO. "ACE16k: A 128×128 FOCAL PLANE ANALOG PROCESSOR WITH DIGITAL I/O." International Journal of Neural Systems 13, no. 06 (2003): 427–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065703001765.
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This paper presents a new generation 128×128 Focal-Plane Analog Programmable Array Processor -FPAPAP, from a system level perspective. It has been manufactured in a 0.35μm standard digital 1P-5M CMOS technology. It has been designed to achieve the high-speed and moderate-accuracy -8b- requirements of most real time -early-vision applications. External data interchange and control are completely digital. The chip contains close to four million transistors, 90% of them working in analog mode. It achieves peak computing values of 0.33TeraOPS while keeping power consumption at reasonable limits -82.5GOPS/W. Preliminary experimental results are also provided in the paper.
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Tousley, Martha M., and Kathleen Kobberger. "Supervision in Psychotherapy: A Systems Viewpoint." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 14, no. 2 (1985): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/e1qa-x264-ng73-xqke.
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What is presently known about the supervision of psychotherapy is described from a systems point of view. Supervision is conceptualized as a dynamic interchange between two individuals whose differing sets of expectations can profoundly affect the process. The authors propose that the supervisory relationship is best understood as a social learning system, with its own characteristic structure, rules of organization, hierarchical order and mode of extracting influence. Research reports on the supervisory process are also reviewed. Finally, given the emphasis placed on the supervised practice of psychotherapy by training programs, certification requirements and licensure laws, the need for further investigation is emphasized.
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Rando, Thomas C. "XML-Based Interoperability in the Integrated Shipbuilding Environment (ISE)." Journal of Ship Production 17, no. 02 (2001): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2001.17.2.69.
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Interoperability is one of the major challenges facing the U.S. shipbuilding industry today, and the new WWW technologies (in particular, XML) offer the opportunity for revolutionary improvements in this area. XML is being used within the Integrated Shipbuilding Environment (ISE) to achieve interoperability of shipbuilding systems technologies through the interchange of shipbuilding product information. The ISE project is a multi-shipyard project funded by the Maritech-Advanced Shipbuilding Enterprise (ASE) program. ISE has developed a reference architecture for systems technologies in the U.S. shipbuilding industry, and it has applied this reference architecture to the solution of the primary interoperability business drivers in the industry today. The ISE has identified both functional requirements and technical requirements for maritime product information sharing. This paper describes the ISE approach for using XML to accomplish application-to-application (A2A) interoperability for the shipbuilding industry.
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Rösch, Tobias, Peter Treffinger, and Barbara Koch. "Remuneration of Distribution Grids for Enhanced Regenerative Electricity Deployment—An Analysis and Model for the Analysis of Grid Structures in Southern Germany Using Linear Programming." Energies 13, no. 20 (2020): 5385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205385.
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Ecological concerns on the climatic effects of the emissions from electricity production stipulate the remuneration of electricity grids to accept growing amounts of intermittent regenerative electricity feed-in from wind and solar power. Germany’s eager political target to double regenerative electricity production by 2030 puts pressure on grid operators to adapt and restructure their transmission and distribution grids. The ability of local distribution grids to operate autonomous of transmission grid supply is essential to stabilize electricity supply at the level of German federal states. Although congestion management and collaboration at the distribution system operator (DSO) level are promising approaches, relatively few studies address this issue. This study presents a methodology to assess the electric energy balance for the low-voltage grids in the German federal state of Baden-Württemberg, assuming the typical load curves and the interchange potential among local distribution grids by means of linear programming of the supply function and for typical seasonal electricity demands. The model can make a statement about the performance and development requirements for grid architecture for scenarios in 2035 and 2050 when regenerative energies will—according to present legislation—account for more than half of Germany’s electricity supply. The study details the amendment to Baden-Württemberg’s electricity grid required to fit the system to the requirements of regenerative electricity production. The suggested model for grid analysis can be used in further German regions and internationally to systematically remunerate electricity grids for the acceptance of larger amounts of regenerative electricity inflows. This empirical study closes the research gap of assessing the interchange potential among DSO and considers usual power loads and simultaneously usual electricity inflows.
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Žydžiūnaitė, Vilma, and Marius Daugėla. "Teacher’s Professional Self-Awareness Within The Interactions With Students In Higher Education: Temporality and Relationality." Acta Paedagogica Vilnensia 45 (December 28, 2020): 160–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/actpaed.45.10.
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Becoming and being a teacher in higher education is a long process of individual transformation. The research aims at highlighting the meaning of time and relations in regard to teachers’ professional self-awareness through their interactions with students in higher education. The research design was qualitative in which the phenomenological methodology according to Max van Manen version was applied. Findings revealed that temporality and relationality are social constructs that shape the teacher-student interactions in higher education as they are loaded with worldviews that guide their educational actions and and their relationships. Thus their subjectivities and life-world educational experiences-based worlds are built on temporalities. A higher education teacher’s professional self-awareness is a developmental process which requires from the person reflection on his/her own experiences. Teachers through interactions with students balance between expectations and requirements which encourage both sides to find ways of integrating creative methods into the teaching and learning processes. Through working with students, teachers step into the “unknown” and learn within togetherness. Being in togetherness brings bilateral interchange between teachers and students, which motivates both sides to be self-aware. These reciprocal interactions invite participants to grow and seek mutual interchange through different experiences and contexts.
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Xu, Jin, Jinghou Fu, Xiaoming Liu, and Yiming Shao. "Speed Behavior of Passenger Car on Helical Ramps and Helical Bridges in Mountain Riverside City." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (November 13, 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6752574.
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Helix alignment can allow for a rapid change in road elevation in size-constrained spaces, and it is becoming increasingly popular in interchange design throughout the world. However, driving patterns and vehicle operating characteristics have not been clearly defined on helical ramps. This work conducted field driving tests on four helical ramps located in Chongqing, China. The trajectory, speed, and acceleration of vehicles under normal driving conditions were collected. Thus speed characteristics and speed patterns on helical ramps, as well as their affecting factors, were obtained and analyzed. The findings in this study can provide basic data referencing for designers and engineers, to help them understand how a multilayered helical ramp works, thus to essentially improve the safety level of helix ramps. Moreover, our findings allow bridge designers to understand whether the actual vehicle operating conditions acted in accordance with their expected design requirements, i.e., whether the expected design requirements are achieved.
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Anselmi-Tamburini, Umberto, Gualtiero Campari, Paolo Ghigna, and Giorgio Spinolo. "An environmental chamber for powder diffractometers and for temperatures up to 1200 °C under various atmospheres and vacuum." Powder Diffraction 8, no. 4 (1993): 210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600019370.
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An attachment for commercial X-ray powder diffractometers is described. The device is made of four different parts that are largely independent of each other, and can be freely interchanged or replaced, and aligned independently. It can be home-built, or modified, with high flexibility according to user requirements, and has been tested on different problems concerning high-temperature phase transitions and solid-state reactions up to 1200 °C under vacuum, under inert gas or under various oxygen partial pressures. Examples are given of possible designs of the various parts.
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Shen, Li, and Ya Zhen Li. "Oriented Graph Signal Decomposition Model Based on TSF and its Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 877–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.877.
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Aiming to alleviate the limited test resource situation, oriented graph signal decomposition model is proposed based on the complex signal synthesis method of TSF(Test Signal Framework) in STD(Signal and Test Definition) standard. This paper establishes signal decomposition models for stimulus signal and response signal; which has carried on the detailed analysis and the discussion about this signal model. A series of recursion expressions are put forward to acquire the signal’s (physical characteristics’s of a signal) origination through the deduce process layer by layer. This signal model can be used for any complex signals, and has nothing to do with the specific equipment, while it is completely reusable and portable. When the platform’s independent resources cannot meet the signal requirements, by means of the signal model the combination of the independent resources can be used to achieve the automatic allocation of the stimulus /measurement resources. The signal model also provides an implementation approach that is used to the interchanges between synthetic instruments and the instrument combinations as well as the interchanges between the instrumens combinations. So that it can save the system resources and reduce the cost greatly.
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Panteleeva, Margarita, and Svetlana Borozdina. "Mathematical model of evaluating the quality of “smart city” transport interchanges functioning." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199701006.
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The analysis of government policy documents conducted by the authors allowed to establish that the Russian Federation Transport System Development Strategy until 2020, developed back in 2004, does not have a comprehensive and detailed toolkit for the implementation of all the goals and objectives presented in it, in particular, there are no current models of management decision-making at the Russian transport system development in a “smart city. The authors found that the effective management of traffic in a “smart city” should provide load transport network on the brink of its capacity and to maintain a continuous uniform motion, including the relatively low speeds, and increase the level of social development. This formulation of the problem proposed by the authors is fundamentally changing the construction of transport management systems, control algorithms and thus the model on which they are based, are not needed “smart city.” Thus, the authors of the article developed a mathematical model for evaluating the efficiency of transport interchanges in the general system of transport development in the Russian Federation, taking into account the requirements of the “smart city” concept and the growing social effect.
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Bahija, Jardini, Elkyal Malika, and Amri Mostapha. "Electronic Data Interchange In The Automotive Industry In Morocco : Toward The Optimization Of Logistics Information Flows." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 3 (2016): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n3p186.
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The information systems conducted by the requirements of the internationalization of activities, by the organization of firms in networks and by the evolution of Information and Communication Technology, tend more and more toward the sharing of information in real time. The Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is among the tools that guarantee this exchange. EDI is a quick and effective means of transfer of business documents and ensures the optimization of the information flows of and their synchronization with the physical flows in the Supply chain. The objective of this study is to answer this research question “how the automobile industry in Morocco uses the EDI technology to optimize its flows?” We chose to adopt a case study approach to observing the reality of the practice of the EDI and its use as a tool for optimizing information flows. Thus, this article is the result of literature review and of the content analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted with professionals in the automotive industry.
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Arrais, Rafael, Paulo Ribeiro, Henrique Domingos, and Germano Veiga. "ROBIN: An open-source middleware for plug‘n’produce of Cyber-Physical Systems." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 17, no. 3 (2020): 172988142091031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881420910316.
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Motivated by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, there is an ever-increasing need to integrated Cyber-Physical Systems in industrial production environments. To address the demand for flexible robotics in contemporary industrial environments and the necessity to integrate robots and automation equipment in an efficient manner, an effective, bidirectional, reliable and structured data interchange mechanism is required. As an answer to these requirements, this article presents ROBIN, an open-source middleware for achieving interoperability between the Robot Operating System and CODESYS, a softPLC that can run on embedded devices and that supports a variety of fieldbuses and industrial network protocols. The referred middleware was successfully applied and tested in various industrial applications such as battery management systems, motion, robotic manipulator and safety hardware control, and horizontal integration between a mobile manipulator and a conveyor system.