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1

Gleicher, Lily. "Effective Practices in Community Supervision model: Staff perceptions of the model and implementation." European Journal of Probation 12, no. 3 (2020): 157–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2066220320981175.

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Staff who provide service to individuals under correctional supervision are critical to organizational change, implementation, and sustainability of policies and practices. The training on evidence-based practices demonstrates a movement toward effective interactions with community supervision officers and their clients, specifically to the Risk–Need–Responsivity model and core correctional practices. Research over the past several decades provides that fidelity to Risk–Need–Responsivity and core correctional practice can reduce recidivism among the community correctional population. However, the correctional field has a history of training staff, but limited success in implementing and sustaining these practices. The current qualitative study analyzes the feedback from 307 community supervision officers who responded to open-ended questions regarding the implementation of Effective Practices in Community Supervision model, a curriculum that incorporates the Risk–Need–Responsivity model and core correctional practices. Qualitative responses indicate key themes that help and hinder the implementation of evidence-based practices: individual attitudes and beliefs, organizational elements, and leadership.
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Andrews, D. A., James Bonta, and J. Stephen Wormith. "The Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) Model." Criminal Justice and Behavior 38, no. 7 (2011): 735–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854811406356.

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3

Del Giudice, Marco, Bruce J. Ellis, and Elizabeth A. Shirtcliff. "The Adaptive Calibration Model of stress responsivity." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 35, no. 7 (2011): 1562–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.11.007.

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4

Ward, Tony, Pamela M. Yates, and Gwenda M. Willis. "The Good Lives Model and the Risk Need Responsivity Model." Criminal Justice and Behavior 39, no. 1 (2011): 94–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854811426085.

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5

Koetzle, Deborah, and Betsy Matthews. "Social capital: The forgotten responsivity factor." European Journal of Probation 12, no. 3 (2020): 219–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2066220320976110.

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The Risk-Need-Responsivity model of correctional intervention has become the cornerstone of correctional practice in the United States. With a primary focus on building human capital through interventions aimed at developing knowledge and skills needed for prosocial behavior, the model enjoys widespread empirical support. This approach, however, has been criticized by desistance-focused scholars for its failure to recognize social capital and the importance of social networks for facilitating behavior change. The current article examines the concept of individual-level social capital and describes how its development can be integrated into the Risk-Need-Responsivity model of correctional interventions as an important responsivity factor. Recommendations include assessing for social capital and strategies for enhancing both bonding and bridging social capital.
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6

Zubairu, Nasiru. "The Risk-Need-Responsivity Model on Inmate Rehabilitation." Journal of Contemporary Sociological Issues 3, no. 2 (2023): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/csi.v3i2.36154.

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The article examines the nature, causes, and implications of inmate rehabilitation in Nigeria by explaining the Risk-Need-Responsivity model. The study reviewed secondary qualitative data, mostly a literature review, and it reinforced and added to the existing body of knowledge on inmate rehabilitation worldwide, particularly in Nigeria. The article finds that there are causes of congestion in the custodial center, such as overuse of imprisonment, a slow judicial process, insufficient prison capacity, a lack of adequate police investigation and prosecution, resource and operational efficiency, and a delay in the administration of justice. The paper adopts Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) theory to outline the process of the significance of rehabilitation towards inmates. The model emphasizes assessing and treating inmates according to their ability and risk of re-offending. The research applied a case study that examined the causes of custodial center congestion and identified the implications on inmate rehabilitation in Nigeria. The paper revealed that the consequences of custodial center congestion are spreading infectious disease, breakdown of social control, poor custodial center conditions, access to rehabilitation programs, and too much cost to the State. The study also explained various correctional facilities provide rehabilitation programs based on the criminogenic needs of the inmate, such as counseling programs, adult education, vocational programs, sports and leisure activities, and religious activities.
 Keywords: Causes, Congestion, Implication, Inmate, Rehabilitation
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7

Newsome, Jamie, and Francis T. Cullen. "The Risk-Need-Responsivity Model Revisited: Using Biosocial Criminology to Enhance Offender Rehabilitation." Criminal Justice and Behavior 44, no. 8 (2017): 1030–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854817715289.

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During the past four decades, researchers and practitioners working in corrections have shifted from a “nothing works” to a “what works” orientation. Emphasizing the importance of adopting evidence-based interventions, Andrews and Bonta have argued that efforts to rehabilitate offenders should adhere to a number of specified principles of effective intervention, three of which—risk, need, and responsivity—are considered the most critical. These principles were derived from Andrews and Bonta’s theory of the psychology of criminal conduct, which underscores the necessity to link correctional practice to empirically defensible theories of offending. The vast majority of research has provided evidence of the effectiveness of the risk-need-responsivity model; however, far less attention has been given to expanding its theoretical foundation. Given the wealth of evidence supporting biosocial explanations of criminal behavior, we consider potential avenues for enhancing the risk-need-responsivity model through the integration of key findings from biosocial research.
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8

Dong, Hao, Zhenhai Liu, Xuefeng Lei, et al. "Experimental and Correction Methods for Responsivity Temperature Dependence in the SWIR Bands of a Spaceborne Scanning Polarimeter." Aerospace 10, no. 2 (2023): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10020200.

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Photodetector spectral responsivity is usually affected by photosensitive surface temperatures. The Photosensitive Surface Temperatures (PSTs) of the long wavelength-type InGaAs detector used in the Polarized Scanning Atmospheric Corrector (PSAC), which adopts an active Constant-Current Cooling (CCC) scheme, can be changed with ambient temperature. To correct this responsivity temperature characteristic, a Responsivity Temperature Dependence Correction (RTDC) model was established with parameters obtained using an instrument-level experiment. Moreover, a detector-level experiment under ambient conditions was also explored to acquire model parameters. The instrument-level and detector-level experimental results show that the responsivity of a PSAC 2250 nm channel operating on orbit (PST ≈ −65 °C) with a 35 °C PST difference is reduced by approximately 1.2% and 1.5% compared with a laboratory-based radiometric test (PST ≈ −30 °C). The 1.08% responsivity change (−61 °C < PST < −38 °C) in the temperature drift simulation experiment is reduced to approximately 0.38% and 0.34%, respectively. The consistency between the two experimental results preliminarily verifies the substitutability of this detector-level experiment for this type of detector. The RTDC experiments are applicable to other spaceborne remote sensors. The detector-level experiment explored herein provides a reference for realizing RTDC under ambient temperature conditions at low costs.
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9

Suarez, Michelle A., Nickola W. Nelson, and Amy B. Curtis. "Longitudinal follow-up of factors associated with food selectivity in children with autism spectrum disorders." Autism 18, no. 8 (2013): 924–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361313499457.

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The objective of this study was to examine food selectivity in children with autism spectrum disorders longitudinally. Additionally explored were the stability of the relationship between food selectivity and sensory over-responsivity from time 1 to time 2 and the association between food selectivity and restricted and repetitive behavior at time 2. A total of 52 parents of children with autism were surveyed approximately 20 months after completing an initial questionnaire. First and second surveys each contained identical parent-response item to categorize food selectivity level and a scale to measure sensory over-responsivity. A new scale to measure restricted and repetitive behaviors was added at time 2. Results comparing time 1 to time 2 indicated no change in food selectivity level and a stable, significant relationship between food selectivity and sensory over-responsivity. The measure of restrictive and repetitive behavior (time 2) was found to significantly predict membership in the severe food selectivity group. However, when sensory over-responsivity and both restricted and repetitive behaviors were included in the regression model, only sensory over-responsivity significantly predicted severe food selectivity. These results support conclusions about the chronicity of food selectivity in young children with autism and the consistent relationship between food selectivity and sensory over-responsivity.
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10

Zhao, Yongjia, Xiaoya Zhou, Xiangliang Jin, and Kehan Zhu. "A Novel Responsivity Model for Stripe-Shaped Ultraviolet Photodiode." Circuits and Systems 03, no. 04 (2012): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/cs.2012.34049.

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11

Duwe, Grant, and KiDeuk Kim. "The Neglected “R” in the Risk-Needs-Responsivity Model: A New Approach for Assessing Responsivity to Correctional Interventions." Justice Evaluation Journal 1, no. 2 (2018): 130–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24751979.2018.1502622.

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12

Black, Maureen M., Fahmida Tofail, Eric A. Hodges, et al. "Rethinking Responsive Feeding: Insights from Bangladesh." Nutrients 14, no. 15 (2022): 3156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14153156.

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Young children’s growth is influenced by food and feeding behavior. Responsive feeding has been shown to promote healthy growth and development, to prevent under- and overfeeding, and to encourage children’s self-regulation. However, most measures of responsive feeding do not incorporate bidirectional mother-infant responsivity or early learning principles and have not been validated against observations. To overcome these gaps, we laid the groundwork for a responsive feeding measure based on a community sample of 67 mothers and their 6–18-month-old children in Bangladesh. Children were weighed and measured. Mothers reported on their child’s dietary intake and responded to a 38-item responsive feeding questionnaire developed through a 2-phase Delphi procedure. Based on a video-recorded feeding observation, mother-child dyads were categorized into proximal (43%) and distal (57%) responsivity groups. Using stepwise logistic regression, a 9-item model from the responsive feeding questionnaire had excellent fit (AUC = 0.93), sensitivity (90%), specificity (89%), positive predictive value (87%), and negative predictive value (93%). Proximal responsivity was characterized by maternal concerns about children’s dietary intake. Distal responsivity was characterized by maternal perception of children’s happy mood during feeding. Findings support responsive feeding as modulating between proximal and distal responsivity, promoting autonomy, self-regulation, and enabling children to acquire and practice healthy eating behaviors.
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13

Bijlsma, Anne M. E., Claudia E. van der Put, Geertjan Overbeek, Geert Jan J. M. Stams, and Mark Assink. "Personalizing Child Protection: The Value of Responsivity Factors." Social Sciences 10, no. 6 (2021): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10060205.

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Personalization is an important strategy for enhancing the effectiveness of treatment that is aimed at reducing the risk of child maltreatment. In recent years, a growing body of research has appeared on how child protection can benefit from the principles of the Risk-Need-Responsivity model, but no attention has yet been paid to the implementation of the responsivity principle in child protection. Put simply, this principle states that treatment must be tailored to individual characteristics of clients to optimize its effectiveness. This study was the first to address how the responsivity principle can be of value in child protection. First, a systematic review of responsivity factors in forensic care was performed. Second, the relevance of applying each factor in child protection was examined through interviews with clinical professionals working in the field, who also provided suggestions on how treatment can be tailored to each of these factors. This resulted in an overview of seven responsivity factors all related to caregiver characteristics: problem denial, motivation to cooperate with treatment, psychological problems, cognitive abilities, cultural background, practical barriers such as financial problems and social support, and barriers to specific treatment types such as group therapy. Implications and recommendations for strengthening clinical practice are discussed.
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14

Polumati, Gowtham, Chandra Sekhar Reddy Kolli, Andres de Luna Bugallo, and Parikshit Sahatiya. "Engineering surface state density of monolayer CVD grown 2D MoS2 for enhanced photodetector performance." PLOS ONE 19, no. 4 (2024): e0297825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297825.

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This study demonstrates the effect of nitrogen doping on the surface state densities (Nss) of monolayer MoS2 and its effect on the responsivity and the response time of the photodetector. Our experimental results shows that by doping monolayer MoS2 by nitrogen, the surface state (Nss) increases thereby increasing responsivity. The mathematical model included in the paper supports the relation of photocurrent gain and its dependency on trap level which states that the increasing the trap density increases the photocurrent gain and the same is observed experimentally. The experimental results at room temperature revealed that nitrogen doped MoS2 have a high NSS of 1.63 X 1013 states/m2/eV compared to undoped MoS2 of 4.2 x 1012 states/m2/eV. The increase in Nss in turn is the cause for rise in trap states which eventually increases the value of photo responsivity from 65.12 A/W (undoped MoS2) to 606.3 A/W (nitrogen doped MoS2). The response time calculated for undoped MoS2 was 0.85 sec and for doped MoS2 was 0.35 sec. Finally, to verify the dependence of surface states on the responsivity, the surface states were varied by varying temperature and it was observed that upon increment in temperature, the surface states decreases which causes the responsivity values also to decrease.
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15

Clarke, Sharon N. D. A., and Klaus-Peter Ossenkopp. "Taste reactivity responses in rats: influence of sex and the estrous cycle." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 274, no. 3 (1998): R718—R724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.3.r718.

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Gonadal hormones (e.g., estradiol) may regulate feeding by producing a shift in the taste or palatability of food items. This study examined the impact of endogenous gonadal hormones on palatability by investigating sex differences in taste responsivity, as well as the effect of the estrous cycle on taste responsivity, in a rodent model. In the taste reactivity test, male and female Long-Evans rats received a brief (1 min) intraoral infusion of one of three tastants: sucrose (0.3 M), quinine (0.0003 M), and a sucrose-quinine mixture (0.3 M sucrose and 0.0003 M quinine). Statistical analyses indicated that female rats tested during diestrus or proestrus produced significantly more ingestive responses than did male rats and fewer aversive responses than did both male rats and female rats tested during estrus or metestrus ( P < 0.05). These results indicate a sex difference in taste responsivity in the rat that is modulated by the reproductive status of female rats. This finding implies a role of gonadal hormones in the regulation of taste responsivity in the rat.
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16

Bhavika Bhagyesh Lad and Sonam Mansukhani. "Applying the risk-need-responsivity model in juvenile offender treatment: A conceptual framework." Scientific Temper 15, spl-2 (2024): 18–23. https://doi.org/10.58414/scientifictemper.2024.15.spl-2.04.

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Juvenile crime in India is a pressing issue that requires tailored rehabilitation approaches. This paper explores the application of the "Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) model" as a conceptual model for treating juvenile offenders within the Indian legal context. The study reviews correctional practices and highlights the need for structured offender treatment based on the 'RNR model's' core principles of 'risk,' 'need,' and 'responsivity.' Drawing on criminological theories and empirical evidence, the paper emphasizes the significance of addressing criminogenic factors to reduce recidivism. By analyzing existing literature on juvenile justice, the paper demonstrates how the RNR model, typically employed in Western contexts, can be adapted for India's socio-cultural environment to enhance the effectiveness of juvenile rehabilitation. The findings suggest that integrating RNR-informed interventions into the juvenile justice system can improve long-term rehabilitation outcomes and reduce re-offense rates among young offenders.
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17

Brogan, Leah, Emily Haney-Caron, Amanda NeMoyer, and David DeMatteo. "Applying the Risk-Needs-Responsivity (RNR) Model to Juvenile Justice." Criminal Justice Review 40, no. 3 (2015): 277–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734016814567312.

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18

Chen, Andrew C. N., Samuel F. Dworkin, Joanna Haug, and John Gehrig. "Human pain responsivity in a tonic pain model: Psychological determinants." Pain 37, no. 2 (1989): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(89)90126-7.

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19

Lee, Brian HT, Brenda HS Lam, and C. M. Tsui. "Implementing a Thin-Film Reflectance Model for Trap Detectors at the SCL." NCSLI Measure 14, no. 1 (2022): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/measure.14.1.5.

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The physical model of the spectral responsivity of trap detectors consists of multiple parameters such as the internal quantum efficiency and the spectral reflectance. In some measurement models, the spectral reflectance of trap detectors is approximated by fitting a wavelength dependence equation which does not consider the effect of the oxide thickness of the silicon photodiode. To analyze the uncertainty due to the oxide thickness variation, a thin film reflectance model is set up in the Standards and Calibration Laboratory (SCL) for the evaluation of the spectral reflectance of trap detectors. The model is based on the Fresnel coefficients of a three-layer thin-film structure which consists of air and a thin-film oxide layer on a silicon substrate. The reflectance model was implemented as user-defined functions to calculate the spectral reflectance at different oxide thicknesses. It was also integrated with the SCL’s MCM program to evaluate the uncertainty of the spectral responsivity of trap detectors.
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Urban, Jan, Pavel Hrouzek, Dalibor Štys, and Harald Martens. "Estimation of Ion Competition via Correlated Responsivity Offset in Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry Analysis: Theory and Practical Use in the Analysis of Cyanobacterial Hepatotoxin Microcystin-LR in Extracts of Food Additives." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/414631.

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Responsivity is a conversion qualification of a measurement device given by the functional dependence between the input and output quantities. A concentration-response-dependent calibration curve represents the most simple experiment for the measurement of responsivity in mass spectrometry. The cyanobacterial hepatotoxin microcystin-LR content in complex biological matrices of food additives was chosen as a model example of a typical problem. The calibration curves for pure microcystin and its mixtures with extracts of green alga and fish meat were reconstructed from the series of measurement. A novel approach for the quantitative estimation of ion competition in ESI is proposed in this paper. We define the correlated responsivity offset in the intensity values using the approximation of minimal correlation given by the matrix to the target mass values of the analyte. The estimation of the matrix influence enables the approximation of the position ofa prioriunknown responsivity and was easily evaluated using a simple algorithm. The method itself is directly derived from the basic attributes of the theory of measurements. There is sufficient agreement between the theoretical and experimental values. However, some theoretical issues are discussed to avoid misinterpretations and excessive expectations.
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Kruisselbrink, TW, R. Dangol, ALP Rosemann, and EJ van Loenen. "Spectral tuning of luminance cameras: A theoretical model and validation measurements." Lighting Research & Technology 52, no. 5 (2019): 654–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153519880231.

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Presently, luminance distribution measurement devices, using High Dynamic Range technology, are increasingly used as they provide a lot of relevant data related to the lit environment at once. However, the accuracy of these devices can be a concern. It is expected that the accuracy would be improved by incorporating the effect of the camera spectral responsivity and the spectral power distribution of the illuminant under which the measurements are conducted. This study introduces two optimization criteria incorporating these aspects to improve the spectral match and the performance of luminance distribution measurement devices. Both criteria are tested in a theoretical model and in practical measurements using two cameras and three illuminants: LED, halogen and fluorescent. Both methodologies support the hypothesis that the conventional method to determine the luminance introduces spectral mismatches that can be limited by optimizing relative to the spectral responsivity of the camera. Additionally, substantial evidence was found, by both the theoretical model and the validation measurements, that the spectral power distribution of the illuminant also has an effect on the performance.
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Fernandez Olvera, Anuar, Axel Roggenbuck, Katja Dutzi, et al. "International System of Units (SI) Traceable Noise-Equivalent Power and Responsivity Characterization of Continuous Wave ErAs:InGaAs Photoconductive Terahertz Detectors." Photonics 6, no. 1 (2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics6010015.

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A theoretical model for the responsivity and noise-equivalent power (NEP) of photoconductive antennas (PCAs) as coherent, homodyne THz detectors is presented. The model is validated by comparison to experimental values obtained for two ErAs:InGaAs PCAs. The responsivity and NEP were obtained from the measured rectified current, the current noise floor in the PCAs, and the incoming THz power for the same conditions. Since the THz power measurements are performed with a pyroelectric detector calibrated by the National Metrology Institute of Germany (PTB), the experimentally obtained values are directly traceable to the International System of Units (SI) for the described conditions. The agreement between the presented model and the experimental results is excellent using only one fitting parameter. A very low NEP of 1.8 fW/Hz at 188.8 GHz is obtained at room temperature.
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Viglione, Jill. "The Risk-Need-Responsivity Model: How Do Probation Officers Implement the Principles of Effective Intervention?" Criminal Justice and Behavior 46, no. 5 (2018): 655–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818807505.

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The advancement of evidence-based practices (EBP) and the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) model suggests several key practices for probation agencies, including validated risk and needs assessments and appropriate treatment matching. Despite evidence supporting use of practices aligned with the RNR model to improve offender outcomes, research identifies significant implementation challenges in probation practice. Using 1,084 hours of ethnographic data, the current study sought to examine how probation staff implemented best practices aligned with the risk, need, and responsivity principles. Analyses suggest probation staff supervision practices misaligned with research evidence on RNR and associated agency trainings. Probation officers rarely used the risk and needs assessment to inform supervision decisions, creation of case plans, and referrals to treatment programs. Findings highlight the challenges associated with moving evidence on the RNR model to routine probation practice. Implications for policy and research are discussed, including a focus on perceived liability and implementation of best practices.
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24

Zimmerman, Eric C., Mark Bellaire, Samuel G. Ewing, and Anthony A. Grace. "Abnormal Stress Responsivity in a Rodent Developmental Disruption Model of Schizophrenia." Neuropsychopharmacology 38, no. 11 (2013): 2131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2013.110.

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Ward, Tony, Joseph Melser, and Pamela M. Yates. "Reconstructing the Risk–Need–Responsivity model: A theoretical elaboration and evaluation." Aggression and Violent Behavior 12, no. 2 (2007): 208–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2006.07.001.

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Eustis, Elizabeth H., Jessica LoPresti, Adrian Aguilera, and Stephen M. Schueller. "Cultural Responsivity in Technology-Enabled Services: Integrating Culture Into Technology and Service Components." Journal of Medical Internet Research 25 (October 3, 2023): e45409. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/45409.

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Technology-enabled services (TESs) are clinical interventions that combine technological and human components to provide health services. TESs for mental health are efficacious in the treatment of anxiety and depression and are currently being offered as frontline treatments around the world. It is hoped that these interventions will be able to reach diverse populations across a range of identities and ultimately decrease disparities in mental health treatment. However, this hope is largely unrealized. TESs include both technology and human service components, and we argue that cultural responsivity must be considered in each of these components to help address existing treatment disparities. To date, there is limited guidance on how to consider cultural responsivity within these interventions, including specific targets for the development, tailoring, or design of the technologies and services within TESs. In response, we propose a framework that provides specific recommendations for targets based on existing models, both at the technological component level (informed by the Behavioral Intervention Technology Model) and the human support level (informed by the Efficiency Model of Support). We hope that integrating culturally responsive considerations into these existing models will facilitate increased attention to cultural responsivity within TESs to ensure they are ethical and responsive for everyone.
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Frishman, L. J., A. W. Freeman, J. B. Troy, D. E. Schweitzer-Tong, and C. Enroth-Cugell. "Spatiotemporal frequency responses of cat retinal ganglion cells." Journal of General Physiology 89, no. 4 (1987): 599–628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.89.4.599.

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Spatiotemporal frequency responses were measured at different levels of light adaptation for cat X and Y retinal ganglion cells. Stationary sinusoidal luminance gratings whose contrast was modulated sinusoidally in time or drifting gratings were used as stimuli. Under photopic illumination, when the spatial frequency was held constant at or above its optimum value, an X cell's responsivity was essentially constant as the temporal frequency was changed from 1.5 to 30 Hz. At lower temporal frequencies, responsivity rolled off gradually, and at higher ones it rolled off rapidly. In contrast, when the spatial frequency was held constant at a low value, an X cell's responsivity increased continuously with temporal frequency from a very low value at 0.1 Hz to substantial values at temporal frequencies higher than 30 Hz, from which responsivity rolled off again. Thus, 0 cycles X deg-1 became the optimal spatial frequency above 30 Hz. For Y cells under photopic illumination, the spatiotemporal interaction was even more complex. When the spatial frequency was held constant at or above its optimal value, the temporal frequency range over which responsivity was constant was shorter than that of X cells. At lower spatial frequencies, this range was not appreciably different. As for X cells, 0 cycles X deg-1 was the optimal spatial frequency above 30 Hz. Temporal resolution (defined as the high temporal frequency at which responsivity had fallen to 10 impulses X s-1) for a uniform field was approximately 95 Hz for X cells and approximately 120 Hz for Y cells under photopic illumination. Temporal resolution was lower at lower adaptation levels. The results were interpreted in terms of a Gaussian center-surround model. For X cells, the surround and center strengths were nearly equal at low and moderate temporal frequencies, but the surround strength exceeded the center strength above 30 Hz. Thus, the response to a spatially uniform stimulus at high temporal frequencies was dominated by the surround. In addition, at temporal frequencies above 30 Hz, the center radius increased.
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Maloić, Snježana. "Dominant Principles and Models of Treatment Work with Adult Offenders in the Community." Kriminologija & socijalna integracija 24, no. 2 (2016): 140–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31299/ksi.24.2.7.

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In its introduction the paper provides a presentation of probation activities in Croatia, many of which also imply treatment work with offenders. As part of the rehabilitation approach, the Croatian probation service follows the principles of the Risk-Need-Responsivity Model (RNR Model) and the principles of the Good Lives Model (GLM) to a certain extent. This paper analyses the RNR Model from the perspective of existing benefits and criticisms, with particular consideration of the responsivity principle, which is pointed out as especially challenging in foreign literature. The short presentation of the GLM is followed by a comparison of these two models, whose principles currently lead to great debates, due to potential differences in approaches to the offender. Models and associated principles are then analysed from the perspective of the challenge of their implementation in the performance of probation activities. The conducted analyses can contribute to the efficiency of the Croatian probation service and also be useful to scientists in the validation of the probation actuarial instrument and research of the local probation practice.
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Aguila, Myrron Albert Callera, Joshoua Condicion Esmenda, Jyh-Yang Wang, et al. "Photothermal Responsivity of van der Waals Material-Based Nanomechanical Resonators." Nanomaterials 12, no. 15 (2022): 2675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12152675.

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Nanomechanical resonators made from van der Waals materials (vdW NMRs) provide a new tool for sensing absorbed laser power. The photothermal response of vdW NMRs, quantified from the resonant frequency shifts induced by optical absorption, is enhanced when incorporated in a Fabry–Pérot (FP) interferometer. Along with the enhancement comes the dependence of the photothermal response on NMR displacement, which lacks investigation. Here, we address the knowledge gap by studying electromotively driven niobium diselenide drumheads fabricated on highly reflective substrates. We use a FP-mediated absorptive heating model to explain the measured variations of the photothermal response. The model predicts a higher magnitude and tuning range of photothermal responses on few-layer and monolayer NbSe2 drumheads, which outperform other clamped vdW drum-type NMRs at a laser wavelength of 532 nm. Further analysis of the model shows that both the magnitude and tuning range of NbSe2 drumheads scale with thickness, establishing a displacement-based framework for building bolometers using FP-mediated vdW NMRs.
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AlQahtani, Dokhyl, Yunfei Chen, and Wei Feng. "Practical Non-Linear Responsivity Model and Outage Analysis for SLIPT/RF Networks." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 70, no. 7 (2021): 6778–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3081994.

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31

Zimmerman, Eric C., Mark Bellaire, Samuel G. Ewing, and Anthony A. Grace. "Erratum: Abnormal Stress Responsivity in a Rodent Developmental Disruption Model of Schizophrenia." Neuropsychopharmacology 40, no. 3 (2015): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/npp.2014.288.

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32

Hartmann, J., J. Fischer, U. Johannsen, and L. Werner. "Analytical model for the temperature dependence of the spectral responsivity of silicon." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 18, no. 7 (2001): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.18.000942.

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33

Crist, C. A., S. E. Duncan, E. A. Arnade, K. A. Leitch, S. F. O'Keefe, and D. L. Gallagher. "Automated facial expression analysis for emotional responsivity using an aqueous bitter model." Food Quality and Preference 68 (September 2018): 349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2018.04.004.

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34

BARRON, S., D. KAISER, and L. HANSEN. "Neonatal cocaine exposure, activity, and responsivity to cocaine in a rodent model." Neurotoxicology and Teratology 16, no. 4 (1994): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0892-0362(94)90029-9.

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35

Boison, Benjamin, and Anne Burke. "Expanding Culturally Responsive Teaching in Online Classrooms: The Cultural Responsivity Online Model." American Journal of Educational Research 13, no. 3 (2025): 126–38. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-13-3-4.

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36

Gomez, Rapson, Taylor Brown, Shaun Watson, and Vasileios Stavropoulos. "Confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling of the factor structure of the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE)." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (2022): e0261914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261914.

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The Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE) is a multiple dimensional measure of cognitive empathy [comprising primary factors for perspective taking (PT), online simulation (OS)], and affective empathy [comprising primary factors for emotion contagion (EC), proximal responsivity (PRO), and peripheral responsivity (PER)]. This study used independent clusters confirmatory factor analysis (ICM-CFA) and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) to examine the scale’s factor structure. A general community sample of 203 (men = 43, women = 160) between 17 and 63 years completed the QCAE. Although both the five-factor oblique and second order factor models showed good model fit, and clarity in the pattern of factor loadings, in the second-order factor model, none of the primary factors loaded significantly on their respective secondary factors, thereby favoring the five-factor oblique model. The factors in this model were supported in terms of external validity. Despite this, the factor for PRO in this model showed low reliability for meaning interpretation. A revised four-factor oblique model without the PRO factor showed good fit, clarity in the pattern of factor loadings, and reliability and validity for the factors in this model, thereby suggesting this to be the best model to represent ratings on the QCAE.
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37

Rao, Sandro, Elisa D. Mallemace, and Francesco G. Della Corte. "High−Performance 4H−SiC UV p−i−n Photodiode: Numerical Simulations and Experimental Results." Electronics 11, no. 12 (2022): 1839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11121839.

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In this work, the optical response of a high−performance 4H−SiC−based p−i−n ultraviolet (UV) photodiode was studied by means of an ad hoc numerical model. The spectral responsivity and the corresponding external photodiode quantum efficiency were calculated under different reverse biases, up to 60 V, and in the wavelength range from λ = 190 to 400 nm. The responsivity peak is R = 0.168 A/W at λ = 292 nm at 0 V and improves as bias increases, reaching R = 0.212 A/W at 60 V and λ = 298 nm. The external quantum efficiency is about 71% and 88%. The good quality of the simulation setup was confirmed by comparison with experimental measurements performed on a p−i−n device fabricated starting from a commercial 4H−SiC wafer. The developed numerical model, together with the material electrical and optical parameters used in our simulations, can be therefore explored for the design of more complex 4H−SiC−based solid−state electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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38

Rammsayer, Thomas H. "Dopamine and extraversion: Differential responsivity may be the key." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 22, no. 3 (1999): 535–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x99402043.

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Depue & Collins's general idea of a functional relationship between DA activity and extraversion is an important step toward an integrative biological model of personality. However, focusing primarily on incentive motivation and variations in VTA DA activity as basic behavioral and biological components underlying extraversion appears too limited. Existing data suggest that responsivity to changes in DA activity is higher in introverts than in extraverts. This may reflect a general, extraversion- related characteristic of the entire dopaminergic network in the brain.
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39

Hinshaw, Ling, Michele Schiavon, Ashwini Mallad та ін. "Effects of delayed gastric emptying on postprandial glucose kinetics, insulin sensitivity, and β-cell function". American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 307, № 6 (2014): E494—E502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00199.2014.

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Controlling meal-related glucose excursions continues to be a therapeutic challenge in diabetes mellitus. Mechanistic reasons for this need to be understood better to develop appropriate therapies. To investigate delayed gastric emptying effects on postprandial glucose turnover, insulin sensitivity, and β-cell responsivity and function, as a feasibility study prior to studying patients with type 1 diabetes, we used the triple tracer technique C-peptide and oral minimal model approach in healthy subjects. A single dose of 30 μg of pramlintide administered at the start of a mixed meal was used to delay gastric emptying rates. With delayed gastric emptying rates, peak rate of meal glucose appearance was delayed, and rate of endogenous glucose production (EGP) was lower. C-peptide and oral minimal models enabled the assessments of β-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and β-cell responsivity simultaneously. Delayed gastric emptying induced by pramlintide improved total insulin sensitivity and decreased total β-cell responsivity. However, β-cell function as measured by total disposition index did not change. The improved whole body insulin sensitivity coupled with lower rate of appearance of EGP with delayed gastric emptying provides experimental proof of the importance of evaluating pramlintide in artificial endocrine pancreas approaches to reduce postprandial blood glucose variability in patients with type 1 diabetes.
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40

Zimmerman, Eric C., Mark Bellaire, Samuel Ewing, and Anthony Grace. "Poster #S24 ABNORMAL STRESS RESPONSIVITY IN A RODENT DEVELOPMENTAL DISRUPTION MODEL OF SCHIZOPHRENIA." Schizophrenia Research 153 (April 2014): S96—S97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(14)70303-2.

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41

Droogendijk, H., M. J. de Boer, R. G. P. Sanders, and G. J. M. Krijnen. "A biomimetic accelerometer inspired by the cricket's clavate hair." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 97 (2014): 20140438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0438.

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Crickets use so-called clavate hairs to sense (gravitational) acceleration to obtain information on their orientation. Inspired by this clavate hair system, a one-axis biomimetic accelerometer has been developed and fabricated using surface micromachining and SU-8 lithography. An analytical model is presented for the design of the accelerometer, and guidelines are derived to reduce responsivity due to flow-induced contributions to the accelerometer's output. Measurements show that this microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) hair-based accelerometer has a resonance frequency of 320 Hz, a detection threshold of 0.10 ms −2 and a dynamic range of more than 35 dB. The accelerometer exhibits a clear directional response to external accelerations and a low responsivity to airflow. Further, the accelerometer's physical limits with respect to noise levels are addressed and the possibility for short-term adaptation of the sensor to the environment is discussed.
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42

Kuzmina, D. O., E. A. Zorin, A. S. Sulima, et al. "Transcriptomic analysis of the symbiotic responsivity trait in pea (Pisum sativum L.)." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 29, no. 2 (2025): 248–58. https://doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-25-28.

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Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important crop culture and a model object for studying the molecular genetic bases of nitrogen-fixing symbiosis and arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM). Pea genotypes with high and low responsivity to inoculation with nodule bacteria (rhizobia) and AM fungi have been described: the ‘responsive’ genotypes demonstrate an increase in seed weight under inoculation, while ‘non-responsive’ ones do not show such a reaction. In order to get insight into the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying the symbiotic responsivity, a transcriptomic analysis of whole root systems of pea plants of the ‘responsive’ genotype k-8274 (cv. Vendevil, France) and ‘non-responsive’ genotype k-3358 (unnamed cultivar, Saratov region, Russia) grown in soil without inoculation (control) and inoculated either with rhizobia (single inoculation) or with rhizobia together with AM fungi (double inoculation) was performed. It was shown that the ‘responsive’ genotype, indeed, demonstrated a pronounced transcriptomic response to single and double inoculation, in contrast to the ‘non-responsive’ genotype. In k-8274, single inoculation led to specific up-regulation of genes related to catabolism of polyamines, lipid metabolism, and jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signaling. Under double inoculation, the specifically up-regulated genes in k-8274 were related to arbuscular mycorrhiza infection, and the down-regulated genes were related to nodulation. This fact matches the phenotype of the plants: the number of nodules was lower in k-8274 under double inoculation as compared to the control. Thus, strict control over the nodule number may be one of the mechanisms underlying the symbiotic responsivity of pea. Finally, a comparison of expression profiles in k-8274 and k-3358 roots under double inoculation also allowed us to identify the transcriptomic signatures characteristic of the symbiotically responsive genotype. Further work will be focused on validation of these transcriptomic markers of the symbiotic responsivity trait in pea.
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43

Someya, Yu, and Yukio Yoshida. "Evaluating Radiometric Responsivity Degradations of TANSO-FTS/GOSAT Using Principal Component Analysis." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 37, no. 10 (2020): 1877–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-19-0224.1.

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AbstractThe short-wavelength infrared bands of the Thermal and Near-Infrared Sensor for Carbon Observation (TANSO)–Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) instrument on board the Greenhouse Gas Observing Satellite (GOSAT) have degraded, which affects the retrieval of data for CO2 and CH4. Herein, a new algorithm that uses principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate these degradations from on-orbit solar calibration spectra has been developed. The datasets of the spectra were decomposed using PCA, and the temporal variations of their components were fitted using the appropriate functions. Our results show that PCA is effective to construct a suitable degradation model for TANSO-FTS. Comparisons of CO2 data retrieved using the new degradation model with that using the ground-based FTS indicate that the new model improves the measurement biases.
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44

Beppi, Carolina, Marco Penner, Dominik Straumann, and Stefan Yu Bögli. "A non-invasive biomechanical model of mild TBI in larval zebrafish." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (2022): e0268901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0268901.

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A mild traumatic brain injury is a neurological dysfunction caused by biomechanical forces transmitted to the brain in physical impacts. The current understanding of the neuropathological cascade resulting in the manifested clinical signs and symptoms is limited due to the absence of sensitive brain imaging methods. Zebrafish are established models for the reproduction and study of neurobiological pathologies. However, all available models mostly recreate moderate-to-severe focal injuries in adult zebrafish. The present work has induced a mild brain trauma in larval zebrafish through a non-invasive biomechanical approach. A custom-made apparatus with a commercially available motor was employed to expose larvae to rapidly decelerating linear movements. The neurophysiological changes following concussion were assessed through behavioural quantifications of startle reflex locomotor distance and habituation metrics. Here we show that the injury was followed, within five minutes, by a transient anxiety state and CNS dysfunction manifested by increased startle responsivity with impaired startle habituation, putatively mirroring the human clinical sign of hypersensitivity to noise. Within a day after the injury, chronic effects arose, as evidenced by an overall reduced responsivity to sensory stimulation (lower amplitude and distance travelled along successive stimuli), reflecting the human post-concussive symptomatology. This study represents a step forward towards the establishment of a parsimonious (simple, less ethically concerning, yet sensitive) animal model of mild TBI. Our behavioural findings mimic aspects of acute and chronic effects of human concussion, which warrant further study at molecular, cellular and circuit levels. While our model opens wide avenues for studying the underlying cellular and molecular pathomechanisms, it also enables high-throughput testing of therapeutic interventions to accelerate post-concussive recovery.
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45

Owens, Rhea L., Blake A. Allan, and Lisa Y. Flores. "The Strengths-Based Inclusive Theory of Work." Counseling Psychologist 47, no. 2 (2019): 222–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000019859538.

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This paper describes a new vocational theory—the strengths-based inclusive theory of work (S-BIT of Work). This theory addresses the ever-changing, dynamic nature of the world of work and integrates counseling psychology’s core values of emphasizing vocational psychology, strengths-based perspectives, multiculturalism, and social justice. We aim to provide a holistic vocational theory to inform career and work counseling practice by increasing clinicians’ cultural responsivity, promoting clients’ strengths and optimal functioning, and addressing a variety of vocational challenges across developmental stages. This first article in the Major Contribution includes a discussion of the S-BIT of Work’s core assumptions and theoretical propositions, research supporting the development of the S-BIT of Work, as well as future directions. The second and third articles in this Major Contribution discuss a model of fulfulling work, and the infusion of positive psychology and cultural responsivity in work counseling practice, respectively.
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46

Ressler, Ilana B., Bernadette E. Grayson, Yvonne M. Ulrich-Lai, and Randy J. Seeley. "Diet-induced obesity exacerbates metabolic and behavioral effects of polycystic ovary syndrome in a rodent model." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 308, no. 12 (2015): E1076—E1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00182.2014.

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy affecting women of reproductive age. Although a comorbidity of PCOS is obesity, many are lean. We hypothesized that increased saturated fat consumption and obesity would exacerbate metabolic and stress indices in a rodent model of PCOS. Female rats were implanted with the nonaromatizable androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or placebo pellets prior to puberty. Half of each group was maintained ad libitum on either a high-fat diet (HFD; 40% butter fat calories) or nutrient-matched low-fat diet (LFD). Irrespective of diet, DHT-treated animals gained more body weight, had irregular cycles, and were glucose intolerant compared with controls on both diets. HFD/DHT animals had the highest levels of fat mass and insulin resistance. DHT animals demonstrated increased anxiety-related behavior in the elevated plus maze by decreased distance traveled and time in the open arms. HFD consumption increased immobility during the forced-swim test. DHT treatment suppressed diurnal corticosterone measurements in both diet groups. In parallel, DHT treatment significantly dampened stress responsivity to a mild stressor. Brains of DHT animals showed attenuated c-Fos activation in the ventromedial hypothalamus and arcuate nucleus; irrespective of DHT-treatment, however, all HFD animals had elevated hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus c-Fos activation. Whereas hyperandrogenism drives overall body weight gain, glucose intolerance, anxiety behaviors, and stress responsivity, HFD consumption exacerbates the effect of androgens on adiposity, insulin resistance, and depressive behaviors.
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47

Charlton, Bruce G., and I. Nicol Ferrier. "Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis abnormalities in depression: a review and a model." Psychological Medicine 19, no. 2 (1989): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329170001237x.

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SynopsisA wide range of abnormalities of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been described in depression. This paper reviews recent advances in the understanding of this system, and draws them together to construct a model for the purposes of further research and discussion. It is proposed that there are two fundamental changes which both originate in the hypothalamus: an increased secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone, and a neurally mediated adrenal hyper-responsivity to ACTH. The resulting changes in hormone regulation would be expected to produce all the characteristic HPA axis abnormalities commonly seen in depression. The model makes several predictions which could be tested by future experiment.
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48

Anbinderis, Maksimas, Steponas Ašmontas, Aurimas Čerškus, et al. "Sensitive Planar Microwave Diode on the Base of Ternary AlxGa1-xAs Semiconductor Compound." Sensors 21, no. 13 (2021): 4487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134487.

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The article presents the results of experimental studies of the dc and high-frequency electrical characteristics of planar microwave diodes that are fabricated on the base of the n-AlxGa1-xAs layer (x = 0, 0.15 or 0.3), epitaxially grown on a semi-insulating GaAs substrate. The diodes can serve as reliable and inexpensive sensors of microwave radiation in the millimeter wavelength range; they sense electromagnetic radiation directly, without any external bias voltage at room temperature. The investigation revealed a strong dependence of the detection properties of the microwave diodes on AlAs mole fraction x: in the Ka microwave frequency range, the median value of voltage responsivity is several volts per watt in the case of GaAs-based diodes (x = 0), and it substantially increases, reaching hundreds of volts per watt at higher x values. Also, a model enabling us to forecast the responsivity of the sensor in other frequency ranges is proposed.
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49

Campbell, Mary Ann, Donaldo D. Canales, Ran Wei, Angela E. Totten, W. Alex C. Macaulay, and Julie L. Wershler. "Multidimensional evaluation of a mental health court: Adherence to the risk-need-responsivity model." Law and Human Behavior 39, no. 5 (2015): 489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000135.

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50

Chen, Changping, Manfang Tian, Zhenyu Jiang, Xiangliang Jin, and Jun Luo. "Improved two-dimensional responsivity physical model of a CMOS UV and blue-extended photodiode." Journal of Semiconductors 35, no. 9 (2014): 094009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/35/9/094009.

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