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Journal articles on the topic 'Retailing stores'
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1
Rego, Arménio, Dálcio Reis Júnior, Miguel Pina e. Cunha, and Gabriel Stallbaum. "Store creativity, store potency, store performance, retailing." Management Research: Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management 14, no. 2 (2016): 130–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrjiam-12-2015-0624.
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Purpose The purpose of the paper is to test whether retail stores’ creativity predicts several indicators of performance through stores’ potency. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 45 stores (n = 317 employees) of a Brazilian retail chain was included, and a group/store level of analysis was adopted. Performance was measured through objective measures. To reduce the risks of common method variance, group creativity and group potency were measured with data from different store members. Findings The findings show that store creativity predicts indicators of store performance through store potency. Research limitations/implications The study was carried out within a single organization, and the stores’ sample is small. Other causalities are plausible, and future studies should adopt a longitudinal design to test reciprocal effects between the variables of the study. Practical implications Cultivating creativity (via the selection of creative individuals and nurturing contextual conditions that encourage creativity) may have at least indirect effects on store performance. Originality/value While the few empirical studies relating group creativity (still an under-researched topic) and performance have mostly used subjective performance measures, this study uses objective measures.
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Anusha, S., D. Satish Kumar, P. Bindu, D. S. Rao, and H. Niranjan. "A Descriptive Study of Customer’s Opinions on Factors Influencing Purchasing Decisions in Corporate Retail Stores in a City of Vijayawada." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.10 (2018): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.10.26664.
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Corporate retail stores are today the focal points for purchasing decisions of middle and high-income groups in urban India. However, each corporate retail store has its own model of retailing. Storing different varieties of products at same locality, location advantage, self-servicing outlets, window shopping, large scale discount, specialty stores are some of the models retailing stores adopted, but all these retail models are not being popular among the consumers. Consumer’s preferences and choices are varying across different retail models. In this context the present study wants to explore significant difference among corporate retail stores in Vijayawada in consumer preference and choices.
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Satish Kumar, D., P. Bindu, D. S. Rao, S. Anusha, and J. Srinivas. "A Comparative Study of Factors Influencing Purchasing Decisions at D-Mart and Metro in Vijayawada City." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.10 (2018): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.10.20900.
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Corporate retail stores are today the focal points for purchasing decisions of middle and high-income groups in urban India. However, each corporate retail store has its own model of retailing. Storing different varieties of products at same locality, location advantage, self-servicing outlets, window shopping, large scale discount, specialty stores are some of the models retailing stores have adopted. But all these retail models are not being popular among the consumers. Consumer’s preferences and choices are varying across different retail models. In this context the present study wants to explore significant difference among corporate retail stores in Vijayawada in consumer preference and choices.
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Tumbe, Chinmay, and Shashank Krishnakumar. "From bazaar to Big Bazaar." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 10, no. 3 (2018): 312–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-12-2017-0078.
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Purpose This paper aims to understand the factors affecting the evolution of retailing in India since the mid-nineteenth century. Design/methodology/approach This paper compares the trajectories of four distinct retail stores in India – Spencer’s pan-Indian retailing empire since 1863, Akbarallys’ department store chain in Mumbai since 1897, Apna Bazar’s consumer cooperative chain in Mumbai since 1948 and the Future Group’s pan-Indian retailing chain since the 1980s. Historical sources include firm biographies and newspaper archives. Findings This paper proposes a systems theory linking environmental influences and service innovation, to explain the evolution of retailing in India since the mid-nineteenth century. The key environmental influence on retailing has been state patronage – colonialism and high-end department stores until the 1940s, socialism and cooperative stores until the 1980s and liberalisation with restricted foreign direct investment in retailing until 2015 associated with indigenous corporate large retail format stores. Service innovation in terms of home delivery and recreation of the bazaar atmosphere due to norms on gender and community have also interacted to shape individual success in modern retailing and the dominance of small shop retailing over the long run. Research limitations/implications This paper questions standard accounts of retailing history in India that began with the late-twentieth century by showing the scale of a pan-Indian retailing chain in the early-twentieth century. It also provides an account of retailers that is missing in the current literature on the history of consumption in India. Practical implications Findings of this study will be useful to marketing professionals and teachers who wish to learn more about the history of retailing in India. It also shows how retailers navigated changes in the regulatory and business environment. Originality/value Through a comparative study, this paper outlines the environmental influences on retail formats and service innovation strategies that are required to serve the Indian market. It also brings to fore the significance of retailing chains in colonial India.
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Calvo-Porral, Cristina, and Jean-Pierre Levy-Mangin. "Specialty food retailing." British Food Journal 118, no. 11 (2016): 2798–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-03-2016-0100.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to address the following question: “Does purchase frequency influence consumer behaviour in the specialty food retailing setting?”, since purchase frequency is a consumer-based undertaken variable. For this purpose, the authors provide and empirically test a conceptual model focussed on specialty food retailing. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through a structured questionnaire in the USA, gathering 592 valid responses and analysis was developed through structural equation modelling. Findings Findings indicate that satisfaction and loyalty towards specialty food stores are strongly influenced by consumers’ purchase frequency of specialty food products. Additionally, the findings support the moderating role of purchase frequency on the relationship between store service and satisfaction, as well as on the link store environment satisfaction. Originality/value Specialty food retailers should carry out marketing strategies focussing on consumer behaviour and segmentation could be developed considering purchase frequency.
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Sauer, Chris, and Suzan Burton. "Is there a Place for Department Stores on the Internet? Lessons from an Abandoned Pilot." Journal of Information Technology 14, no. 4 (1999): 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026839629901400407.
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The potential of Internet retailing is widely promoted yet some retailers have been slow to embrace the technology. Department stores typically have only an information presence on the World Wide Web. This paper describes a pilot project by one of Australia's leading department stores. The case is used to describe certain lessons about Internet retailing and the use of pilot projects. Department stores’ decisions whether to adopt electronic retailing are analysed in terms of the opportunities and threats that face them and the capabilities required for success. The conclusion is reached that, as yet, there is no obvious place for established department stores on the Internet.
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Kłosiewicz-Górecka, Urszula. "Retailing network in Poland – territorial diversification and changes." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 60, no. 11 (2015): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8264.
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This article aims to identify changes in the network of shops and points of a small-retail sale in the voivodships between 2009 and 2013. The dynamics of the number of stores and sales area, the share of large objects in the chain stores, the average store area, sales area per 1000 inhabitants, the number and the dynamics of markets and points of small-retail sale were analyzed. The analysis was conducted based on CSO data, as well as materials from secondary sources, including the Internet.
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Choi, Pilsik. "Constructing a balanced view of profit structure in grocery retailing." Management Research Review 40, no. 7 (2017): 726–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-04-2016-0089.
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Purpose The purposes of this paper are to propose a different profitability metric (i.e. anchor category profits) at the category level based on the concept of anchor categories and to illustrate how such a metric can be calculated in field settings to offer a balanced view of profit structure from both the accounting and marketing perspectives. Design/methodology/approach First, the concept of anchor categories is developed drawing on anchor effects theory and automatic cognitive processing theory. Based on anchor categories, this paper proposes a formula for calculating anchor category profits. Using the data collected with a survey instrument, this paper calculates accounting profits and anchor category profits for two grocery stores. Findings The intra-store analysis of accounting profits and anchor category profits reveals that the two profit measures project different profit contribution patterns by product categories for each store. The inter-store analysis provides quite different, yet useful information about profit structures for the two grocery stores. Although the two stores are similar in terms of accounting profits, their anchor category profits show different pictures regarding profit contribution patters by product categories between the two stores, revealing that different categories attract customers to different stores. Practical/implications Comparing accounting profits and anchor category profits allows retail managers to identify traffic generator categories and cash generator categories, which helps retail managers develop more effective category management to increase storewide profits. Originality value This paper increases understanding of the relationship between product categories and store choice behavior by offering a theoretical rationale to explain why some product categories influence consumers’ store choice. This paper also proposes anchor category profits as a more implementation-friendly category-level profitability metric that combines accounting principles with consumers’ shopping trip planning behavior.
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Grzeskowiak, Stephan, M. Joseph Sirgy, Thomas Foscht, and Bernhard Swoboda. "Linking retailing experiences with life satisfaction." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 44, no. 2 (2016): 124–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-07-2014-0088.
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Purpose – A common assumption holds that retailers generally contribute to customer life satisfaction – retailers offer products and services that solve consumer problems – large and small. However, some retail experiences have been found to generate dissatisfaction, stress and unhappiness for some customers but not for others. Research is needed to not only demonstrate how retail experiences impact customer life satisfaction. The purpose of this paper is to address the question: why does satisfaction with various store types impact customer life satisfaction differently? Design/methodology/approach – The research context of this study is grocery retailers (neighbourhood convenience stores, super markets, and grocery discounters) in Austria. Using stratified random sampling across store types, a total of 379 personal interviews with grocery store customers were conducted. OLS regression analysis was conducted to test the research model. Findings – The study results suggest that satisfaction with a store type impacts customer life satisfaction depending on store-type congruity with shoppers’ identity. That is, satisfaction with a store type (e.g. neighbourhood convenience stores, super markets, and grocery discounters) is found to influence life satisfaction if the store type is congruent with the shoppers’ self-image and lifestyle. Practical implications – An emphasis on store-type congruity with shopper’s identity allows retailers to shift their attention towards creating more meaningful shopping experiences. Such a shift in focus may not only benefit retailers due to increase in customer loyalty for that store format. It also benefits shoppers themselves – the shopping experience contributes to shoppers’ life satisfaction. Originality/value – This research introduces store-type congruity with shopper’s identity as a key concept that connects shopping experiences to customer life satisfaction. This contributes towards building the hierarchical theory of shopping motivation. It demonstrates under what conditions shopping experiences impact consumer life satisfaction – a research topic that has received little attention in the retailing literature to date.
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Kumar Velayudhan, Sanal. "Outshopping in rural periodic markets: a retailing opportunity." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 42, no. 2 (2014): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-07-2013-0136.
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Purpose – The study seeks to understand the influences on the prevalence of rural retailing institution of periodic markets. It examines the influence of access to and population of the location on the performance of periodic markets and their effect on the competition between periodic markets and local rural retail stores. Design/methodology/approach – Simultaneous cross-sectional study on census data is used to understand changes in performance of periodic markets in the context of growth in retail stores. Findings – The superior performance of local retail shop compared to outshopping in periodic markets is contrary to observation in literature developed in the context of urban outshopping. Practical implications – Retail chains need to develop a separate program for location of outlets that serve rural areas as access influences retail performance. In rural areas marketers can use traditional periodic markets in addition to conventional retail store given the limited inter-format retail competition. Originality/value – This is one of the few studies to explicitly examine periodic markets as a retail format. Outshopping is studied in the context of growth in local retail stores unlike earlier studies in the urban context where the local stores exhibit reduced sales.
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Valdez Cervantes, Alfonso, and Ana Franco. "Retailing technology: do consumers care?" Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC 24, no. 3 (2020): 355–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sjme-03-2020-0041.
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Purpose Disruptive retailing technologies improve productivity and cost optimization, but there is a lack of academic literature about their effects on shoppers’ perceptions and behaviors. This paper aims to develop and test a conceptual model regarding the effects of retail technology on store image and purchase intentions and to measure how human interaction services (HIS) moderate this relationship. Two relevant retail technologies are explored. Design/methodology/approach The results of this study indicate that retailing technology has notable influences on consumer perceptions. Thus, shopping technologies improve store image perceptions and increase purchase intention, moderated by HIS. Research limitations/implications Future field experiments in actual stores should attempt to corroborate the results of this study and offer greater internal validity. Practical implications The results should help reduce retailers’ resistance to technology adoption. In-store technology can help retailers leverage their store image and increase purchase intentions. HIS could offer a bridge between consumers and new technology. Originality/value This paper is an original research paper, given that few research papers are experimentally based to measure consumer’s reactions to new technology implementation.
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Agrahari, Amit, and Saket Jhunjhunwala. "Inventory Management Process." Journal of Cases on Information Technology 14, no. 1 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jcit.2012010101.
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This case captures inventory management process in an Indian convenience store. Unlike retail stores in developed countries, Indian convenience stores are a special format of organized retailing, where retailers open multiple smaller stores in a town instead of one big centralised store. An excellent inventory management process is the key to make such stores perform well. This case describes inventory management problems faced by an Indian convenience store chain and asks students to propose solutions to these problems. This case illustrates how processes realities and their IT solutions differ in an emerging economy. Using inventory management process as an example, this teaching case can introduce students to the process and technological realities in an Indian context and differences between India and the West.
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Garaus, Marion. "Confusion in internet retailing: causes and consequences." Internet Research 28, no. 2 (2018): 477–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-11-2016-0356.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce the new construct online shopper confusion and to identify online confusion causes and consequences. Design/methodology/approach Data obtained from a projective technique and a quantitative study were analyzed to identify online shopper confusion causes. Two experiments employing different stimulus materials tested the conceptualized consequences of online shopper confusion. Findings Confusing online store elements are classified into three online confusion causes. Data yielded from two experiments using fictitious and real shopping scenarios as stimulus material show that a confusing internet retail process leads to negative consumer reactions. Research limitations/implications The resulting taxonomy of confusing online store elements offers guidance on the creation of non-confusing online shopping trips, and highlights the relevance of a non-confusing internet retail process. Online shopper confusion is linked to negative behavioral reactions. Consequently, this research offers an explanation for undesirable consumer reactions in internet retailing. Practical implications The findings provide practitioners with concrete insights into how the internet retail process confuses shoppers which help to assess the confusion potential of their existing online stores and consider confusion issues in the development of new online stores. Originality/value This research is the first to explore confusion during the internet retail process. The multi-method approach offers highly valid insights into the causes and consequences of online shopper confusion.
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S. KAVITHA and Dr. C. MADHESH. "A Study On Consumer Awareness And Influence Towards Jaisuryas Departmental Stores In Salem City." Restaurant Business 118, no. 12 (2019): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/rb.v118i12.12583.
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The objective of this paper is to find out the consumer awareness and influence towards Jaisuryas Departmental Stores in Salem City. A total of 48 consumers of Jaisuryas Departmental Store were surveyed in the two branches of Jaisuryas Departmental Stores at Salem city. Descriptive analysis and Chi-Square were implemented in the study. The result depicts the level of awareness and the various factors which affects the consumer character and behaviour towards the Departmental Stores. This paper reveals the secret of successful retailing such as good quality products, lowest prices and guaranteed satisfaction and overall a pleasant shopping experience will help the departmental stores to achieve great success in retail industry.
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Ali, Jabir, Ashwin Chandra, and Tabassum Ali. "Self-started versus Family Inherited Businesses: A Comparison of Managing Unorganized Food Grocery Retail Stores in an Emerging Economy." Business Perspectives and Research 5, no. 1 (2016): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2278533716671618.
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This study aims at analyzing the difference in food grocery retail store logistic management between self-started and family inherited retail businesses. The study has been carried out through in-depth personal interview of 40 unorganized grocery retail stores in Lucknow Uttar Pradesh, using a structured questionnaire. Simple statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation have been applied on the survey data. Chi-square test has been used to analyze the statistical difference in the processes of retail store management between self-started and family inherited business grocery stores. Findings indicate that those who joined the family run businesses are younger in age as compared to the ones who self-started their grocery stores. Similarly, the average retailing experience of self-starters is (10 years) and family inherited retails is (5 years), showing significant difference statistically, implying that both the groups have different level of retailing experiences. The study also analyzes the difference in methods of logistics management across the different types of unorganized retailers. Analysis indicates that both self-started and family inherited retail businesses follow similar management practices. There are a limited number of in-depth studies on unorganized retail operations based on primary data analysis. The findings of this study provide practical insights on difference in profile of self-started versus family inherited retail businesses and adoption of logistics processes in managing their stores.
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Overdiek, Anja. "Opportunities for slow fashion retail in temporary stores." Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal 22, no. 1 (2018): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmm-05-2017-0042.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to further theorize the concept of the “sustainable temporary store” and explore benefits and challenges for slow fashion retailers using temporary stores to promote a new value proposition and develop a business model. Design/methodology/approach The theoretical part combines the findings from marketing and human geography literature to theorize pop-up retailing from the slow fashion SME perspective. The empirical part uses a critical case study and a qualitative method approach (primary sources, half standardized interviews, ethnographic observation). Findings The study provides theoretical insights into five success criteria for the “sustainable temporary store” across geographies. Empirical findings allow for further conclusions about challenges in regards to spatial requirements and business modeling for slow fashion retail entrepreneurs in the Netherlands. Research limitations/implications Limitations of the study are the geographical scope of exiting literature on the global north and the restricted sample size. However, by selecting a critical case, careful geographically restricted generalizations can be made. Practical implications The study provides useful information for slow fashion entrepreneurs who want to use cheap temporary space to develop their retail business model. Social implications The results show that there is placemaking value (social value creation) in temporary slow fashion retailing. Originality/value The study provides a relevant contribution to the theory of pop-up retailing and more precisely to the concept of the “sustainable temporary store.” It also delivers a replicable empirical research design for other geographies.
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Dastidar, Urshita Ghosh, Suhas Suresh Ambekar, Manoj Hudnurkar, and Abhay D. Lidbe. "Experiential Retailing Leveraged by Data Analytics." International Journal of Business Intelligence Research 12, no. 1 (2021): 98–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbir.20210101.oa6.
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The purpose of the study is to establish how in retail industry consumer data can be leveraged and analysed to provide customers an enhance shopping experience. Popular machine learning algorithms related to text mining aids in parsing the natural language and helps to understand the brand image and what the brand currently is lacking. In the last decade, although ecommerce brought a revolution in retail industry, shopping trends show that consumers spend more in offline store than online. The rise of omni-channel retailing and data-driven decision-making are shifting retailer focus to providing enhanced in-store customer experiences. Retailers are trying to find ways to stand out in the highly competitive environment. The solution to this problem is providing retailtainment. This study helps to understand how the available customer data is to be analysed to create unique experiences and enable experience-based stores. The results of this study will help a retail company understand how omnichannel play an important role creating customer engagement strategies.
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Chi, Ting, and Yini Chen. "A study of lifestyle fashion retailing in China." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 38, no. 1 (2019): 46–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-01-2019-0025.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper to examine how Chinese consumers’ perceived functional and symbolic values of lifestyle fashion stores (i.e. merchandise quality, price, convenience, emotional value, aesthetic value and social value) affect their shopping behaviors (i.e. repurchase intention (RI), impulse buying (IB) and time spent (TS)). Design/methodology/approach In total, 223 eligible responses were collected via an online questionnaire survey. The psychometric properties of the proposed CPV-shopping behavior research model were examined, and the multiple regression method was applied to test the hypotheses. Findings The findings show that Chinese consumers’ RIs toward and TS in lifestyle fashion stores are determined by their perceived merchandise quality value, price value, emotional value and aesthetic value of lifestyle fashion stores. In contrast, Chinese consumers’ perceived price value and emotional value trigger their IB in the lifestyle fashion stores. The perceived values show satisfactory explanatory power for the variances of Chinese consumers’ shopping behaviors (R2=55, 50 and 49 percent for RI, IB and TS, respectively). Originality/value A better understanding of the Chinese consumers’ shopping behaviors toward emerging lifestyle fashion stores may assist retailers in targeting China as the soon-to-be largest consumer market.
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Lumpkin, James R., and Jon M. Hawes. "Retailing without stores: An examination of catalog shoppers." Journal of Business Research 13, no. 2 (1985): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(85)90036-0.
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Jones, Colin, and Nicola Livingstone. "Emerging implications of online retailing for real estate." Journal of Corporate Real Estate 17, no. 3 (2015): 226–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcre-12-2014-0033.
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Purpose – This paper aims to initially explore the effects of online retailing on corporate real estate strategies today, examining current trends and the approaches of leading edge retailers in this evolving marketplace. The UK has the greatest proportion of online sales worldwide. Design/methodology/approach – Context is provided through existing literature, and the methodology considers specific case studies. Information from financial reports, websites and evidence directly from retailers is derived to examine selected sectoral responses (food shopping, fashion retailing and department stores) to online shopping. The research considers the interface between the virtual and physical retail landscapes. Findings – The Internet is undeniably driving change, and large retailers have responded by embracing multi-channel sales strategies in which the adapted physical store remains a central element. Research limitations/implications – The case studies are arguably limited in their market assessment by examining only large retailers, but it is these retailers who occupy much of the real estate space in shopping centres. Data on Internet sales and retail space of individual retailers are not publicly available. This paper offers a qualitative introduction into ongoing research on the evolution of Internet retailing today. Practical implications – For large retailers, a multi-channel corporate sales strategy is enhanced by physical stores that can act as showrooms and collection points and enhance consumer service. Multiple retailers have a competitive advantage in the form of store networks and a recognisable brand that they can exploit to capture the sales opportunities the Internet offers. Originality/value – The paper is the first to collate and analyse corporate real estate strategic responses to online retailing.
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Mehta, Subhash C., and R. S. Wickramasuriya. "Innovation in Conventional Retailing: The Econ Minimart of Singapore." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 14, no. 1 (1989): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090919890103.
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In the early 80s, the survival of traditionally run neighbourhood provision stores in Singapore was threatened by the advent of large modern supermarkets. The highly urbanized Singaporeans were increasingly taking to these attractively laid out and well serviced supermarkets. The independent small provision store operators were quick to see the writing on the wall. With the leadership of some visionary entrepreneurs and some governmental support, they were mobilized to organize themselves into a voluntary chain of store operators. Based upon a systematic study of the changing pattern of consumer needs and preferences, they have evolved into a large, highly successful, and profitable provisions store chain while retaining their cultural identity and place as the neighbourhood store. Mehta and Wickramasuriya analyse the marketing strategy underlying the phenomenal success of this innovation to upgrade conventional retailing.
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Fisher, Marshall L., Santiago Gallino, and Joseph Jiaqi Xu. "The Value of Rapid Delivery in Omnichannel Retailing." Journal of Marketing Research 56, no. 5 (2019): 732–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022243719849940.
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The authors study how faster delivery in the online channel affects sales within and across channels in omnichannel retailing. The authors leverage a quasi-experiment involving the opening of a new distribution center by a U.S. apparel retailer, which resulted in unannounced faster deliveries to western U.S. states through its online channel. Using a difference-in-differences approach, the authors show that online store sales increased, on average, by 1.45% per business-day reduction in delivery time, from a baseline of seven business days. The authors also find a positive spillover effect to the retailer’s offline stores. These effects increase gradually in the short-to-medium run as the result of higher order count. The authors identify two main drivers of the observed effect: (1) customer learning through service interactions with the retailer and (2) existing brand presence in terms of online store penetration rate and offline store presence. Customers with less online store experience are more responsive to faster deliveries in the short run, whereas experienced online store customers are more responsive in the long run.
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Fornari, Edoardo, Daniele Fornari, Sebastiano Grandi, Mario Menegatti, and Charles F. Hofacker. "Adding store to web: migration and synergy effects in multi-channel retailing." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 44, no. 6 (2016): 658–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-07-2015-0103.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the topic of multi-channel retailing. Specifically, the research intends to determine if and to what extent the opening of physical stores by a former web-only retailer reduces or extends overall retail sales, and whether such effects tend to change over time. Empirical analysis focuses on data elaboration from a retailer who has passed from the initial mono-channel model (pure online), to a multi-channel one with the opening of stores. Design/methodology/approach – Through the analysis of an internal data set of a leading consumer electronics retailer applying Probit and Logit estimation techniques, the authors extract information about actual customers’ purchases (or rather retail sales) in three newly opened stores and about online purchases (through an e-commerce web site managed by the same retailer with the same store brand) by people living in the new store service areas before and after the openings. Findings – The paper shows that, for the single customer, the probability of purchasing online is reduced by the store opening in the short term, but tends to increase in the long term. Besides, results indicate that long-term synergy between the two channels depends mainly on indirect influence due to the mere presence of the store brand in the area rather than on the direct experience of shopping in the store. Research limitations/implications – The study highlights that channel portfolio enlargement from mono- to multi-channel retailing tends to activate a sort of life cycle; while in the early phase of store addition web sales tend to be cannibalized because the two channels are perceived as “substitutes” for each other, in the long run migration turns into a synergy effect; different channels tend to interact with and reinforce each other as customer touch points of the same retailer, in an omni-channel perspective. Originality/value – The paper herein presents various original elements concerning types of available data (actual sales rather than consumers’ intentions/perceptions and individual level data rather than aggregate level ones), estimation technique used (binary choice model) and research hypotheses (distinguishing between “direct” and “indirect” synergy effects in multi-channel retailing).
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Valiente, Roberto, Xisca Sureda, Usama Bilal, et al. "Regulating the local availability of tobacco retailing in Madrid, Spain: a GIS study to evaluate compliance." Tobacco Control 28, no. 3 (2018): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054269.
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BackgroundIn Spain, tobacco sales are limited to tobacco-exclusive stores and associated vending machines. A minimum of 150 m between stores is required, unless they exceed a legal sales threshold. Minimum distances to schools are recommended but not defined. We evaluated compliance with these regulations in Madrid, Spain.MethodsInformation about tobacco-exclusive stores and their sales volume was obtained in 2014. We used geographic information system to identify stores closer than 150 m between them and examine whether they exceeded the sales threshold. We estimated distances between stores and schools, considering different distance intervals (<150 m, 150–300 m and >300 m) and calculations (crow flies and street network). We assessed the association of area-level demographic and socioeconomic characteristics with the distribution of tobacco stores.Results5.3% (34/638) of tobacco stores were within 150 m of each other. Among those, 76% (26/34) did not meet the regulation sales threshold. These stores were in areas with lower proportion of young population (<15 years) and higher proportion of people with university-level education. 75% (476/638) of stores were situated closer than 300 m to schools. No differences were identified in sociodemographic and economic characteristics by the store distance to schools.ConclusionMost tobacco stores are compliant with the regulations in Spain. However, these regulations are insufficient to reduce tobacco availability. More restrictive regulations are needed to limit the geographic distribution of tobacco retailers, and health criteria should also be considered in the current legislation. The evaluation of the Spanish regulatory model may provide useful insights for other jurisdictions looking to decrease the tobacco retail availability.
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Laux, Fritz L., Patricia Nez Henderson, Claradina Soto, Gregg Moor, and Scott J. Leischow. "Commercial Tobacco Retailing in Tribal Jurisdictions: A Field Study." American Journal of Health Behavior 45, no. 2 (2021): 226–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5993/ajhb.45.2.3.
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Objectives: Our objective was to provide data contrasting commercial tobacco retailing in Tribal versus non-Tribal jurisdictions, in 3 states. These data may be relevant for US Food and Drug Administration regulation of Tribal retailing. Methods: With Tribal permission, observations were made on commercial tobacco advertising, product variety, pricing, and retail concept for stores within and just outside Tribal jurisdictions in areas of Arizona (AZ), California (CA), and Oklahoma (OK). Results: A total of 87 Tribal (20 AZ, 53 CA, 14 OK) and 67 (10, 43, 14) non-Tribal retailer visits were completed. There was substantial variation across tribes, with sales in AZ and most CA Tribal jurisdictions handled at convenience stores, whereas OK Tribal retailing was done mostly in specialized tobacco-specialty shops. Electronic cigarettes were ubiquitous across Tribal and non-Tribal outlets. Advertising and breadth of cigarette offerings was most extensive in the tobacco specialty retailers of Tribal OK. Surprisingly, Tribally manufactured cigarettes were found only at some CA Tribal retailers. Conclusions: Some Tribal commercial tobacco outlets actually price above their non-Tribal competitors and there is substantial variation in retailing strategy across Tribal jurisdictions. Tribal governments can continue to evaluate and reform commercial tobacco retailing so as to improve Tribal health.
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Klassen, Henry C. "T. C. Power & Bro.: The Rise of a Small Western Department Store, 1870–1902." Business History Review 66, no. 4 (1992): 671–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116844.
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When studying retailing and its role in developing the American mass market, historians traditionally have focused their attention on large department stores. An analysis of the influence of small department stores in the growth of underdeveloped sections of the American West provides a different emphasis. The following article traces the history of T. C. Power & Bro.—a small, family-run department store in Montana—before the early 1900s. The article demonstrates that the firm's service was tailored to the economic and social needs of urban and rural settlers on the western frontier, helping to create a consumer society in the West.
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Ruiz-Molina, Maria Eugenia, Miguel-Ángel Gómez-Borja, and Alejandro Mollá-Descals. "Can offline–online congruence explain online loyalty in electronic commerce?" International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 49, no. 9 (2021): 1271–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-02-2020-0060.
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PurposeOne key issue to be addressed in multichannel retailing strategies has to do with ensuring the consistency of the retailer offerings between the brick-and-mortar and the online stores to offer their customers a seamless experience. This study assesses whether perceived congruence may be relevant to identify segments of heterogeneous based on their online loyalty levels as well as other constructs and variables related to the customer relationship with the retailer for two different product categories.Design/methodology/approachFrom the responses of apparel and electronics multichannel shoppers to an online survey, a CHAID algorithm was performed to identify the most relevant congruence attribute(s) perceived by customers for predicting their loyalty levels toward the online store.FindingsThe results have allowed the identification of five segments of online shoppers, both for apparel and for electronics retailing, so that customers showing the highest scores in all congruence attributes also showed a higher loyalty toward the online store.Research limitations/implicationsThis study presents a first insight into the link between perceived congruence and online loyalty in retailing using a CHAID segmentation-based approach by differentiating various dimensions of perceived congruence for two product categories.Practical implicationsThe results obtained allow for inferring a series of strategies and actions that retailers can adopt for improving perceived congruence between physical and online stores along with a series of dimensions, and ultimately, increase online loyalty.Originality/valueAs the interest of the literature on perceived congruence between offline and online stores is relatively recent, this exploratory research contributes to shedding light on the implications of specific congruence dimensions between the offline and the online store in terms of consumer online loyalty in all multicategory setting.
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Rego, Arménio, Dálcio Reis Júnior, Miguel Pina e Cunha, Gabriel Stallbaum, and Pedro Neves. "Store creativity mediating the relationship between affective tone and performance." Managing Service Quality: An International Journal 24, no. 1 (2014): 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/msq-02-2013-0026.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show how store positive affective tone predicts store performance (i.e. sales achievement) through creativity, and how store negative affective tone enhances the relationship between positive affective tone and creativity. Design/methodology/approach – A sample of 94 stores of a Brazilian retail chain is used to test the model. Store supervisors reported (October 2011) the store's affective tone and creativity relative to the last six months. Three periods are considered for measuring performance: the last six months (May to October 2011), the preceding four months (January to April 2011), and the subsequent semester (November 2011 to April 2012). Findings – The main findings are: positive affective tone predicts the stores’ performance through the mediating role of creativity, even after controlling the effects of preceding stores’ performance; negative affective tone makes the relationship between positive affective tone and creativity stronger. Originality/value – The paper empirically validates theory suggesting that creativity may be a source of retail stores’ competitive advantage, and shows that fostering positive affective tone may be a pathway to promote creativity. The paper also suggests that negative affective tone is not necessarily a “problem”; rather, it can be used to enhance the favorable impact of positive affective tone upon creativity. These are important contributions for the retailing literature, considering that creativity (mainly at the team and organizational level) in that field is understudied. It is also an important contribution to the literature on the services sector, in which research on creativity is scarce.
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Davies, Alec, Les Dolega, and Daniel Arribas-Bel. "Buy online collect in-store: exploring grocery click&collect using a national case study." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 47, no. 3 (2019): 278–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-01-2018-0025.
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Purpose Twenty-first century online retailing has reshaped the retail landscape. Grocery shopping is emerging as the next fastest growing category in online retailing in the UK, having implications for the channels we use to purchase goods. Using Sainsbury’s data, the authors create a bespoke set of grocery click&collect catchments. The resultant catchments allow an investigation of performance within the emerging channel of grocery click&collect. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The spatial interaction method of “Huff gravity modeling” is applied in a semi-automated approach, used to calculate grocery click&collect catchments for 95 Sainsbury’s stores in England. The catchments allow investigation of the spatial variation and particularly rural-urban differences. Store and catchment characteristics are extracted and explored using ordinary least squares regression applied to investigate “demand per day” (a confidentiality transformed revenue value) as a function of competition, performance and geodemographic factors. Findings The findings show that rural stores exhibit a larger catchment extent for grocery click&collect when compared with urban stores. Linear regression finds store characteristics as having the greatest impact on demand per day, adhering to wider retail competition literature. Conclusions display a need for further investigation (e.g. quantifying loyalty). Originality/value New insights are contributed at a national level for grocery click&collect, as well as e-commerce, multichannel shopping and retail geography. Areas for further investigation are identified, particularly quantitatively capturing brand loyalty. The research has commercial impact as the catchments are being applied by Sainsbury’s to decide the next 100 stores and plan for the next five years of their grocery click&collect offering.
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Kim, Yunjeong. "Revitalization of Offline Fashion Stores: Exploring Strategies to Improve the Smart Retailing Experience by Applying Mobile Technology." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (2021): 3434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063434.
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With the reduction in offline fashion stores, retailers are trying to revitalize offline stores by applying smart retail technologies. This study aimed to determine how factors related to the offline–mobile connected smart retailing experience affected satisfaction through perceived quality and perceived risk. An online survey was conducted on female consumers in their 20s and 30s, and 302 questionnaires were distributed. The analysis, which utilized a structural equation model, confirmed that, from among five smart retailing experience-related factors, perceived advantage, perceived enjoyment, and interactivity affected perceived quality and that perceived advantage and interactivity significantly affected perceived risk. However, perceived control and personalization did not affect perceived quality and perceived risk. Furthermore, perceived quality significantly affected overall satisfaction, offline satisfaction, and mobile satisfaction, while perceived risk did not affect mobile satisfaction. This study confirmed that the perceived advantage and interactivity of smart retailing experiences play an important role in enhancing customer satisfaction.
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Seim, Katja, and Joel Waldfogel. "Public Monopoly and Economic Efficiency: Evidence from the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board's Entry Decisions." American Economic Review 103, no. 2 (2013): 831–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.2.831.
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We estimate a spatial model of liquor demand to analyze the impact of government-controlled retailing on entry patterns. In the absence of the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board, the state would have roughly 2.5 times the current number of stores, higher consumer surplus, and lower payments to liquor store employees. With just over half the number of stores that would maximize welfare, the government system is instead best rationalized as profit maximization with profit sharing. Government operation mitigates, but does not eliminate, free entry's bias against rural consumers. We find only limited evidence of political influence on entry. (JEL D42, D72, L11, L12, L43, L81)
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Öner, Özge, and Johan P. Larsson. "Which retail services are co-located?" International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 42, no. 4 (2014): 281–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-11-2012-0105.
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Purpose – Which retail services are co-located in space? Is it possible to categorize retail stores of different kinds with respect to their location pattern? Acknowledging the spatial dependency between different and similar kinds of retailing activities, the aim of this paper is to find if and to what extent co-location is present in a retail market and what kind of retailing activities are co-located. Design/methodology/approach – The authors analyse the co-location of different types of retail stores in Sweden by using geo-coded data. The data they use allows them to pinpoint each establishment in Sweden down to a 250 by 250m square in space. First, they identify a measure of co-location for each retail service by utilizing pairwise correlations between the different retail service establishments with respect to the squares in which they are present. Later, by using the finest level of industrial categorization for all physical retailing activities (and limiting their geographical unit to the Stockholm metropolitan market), they perform factor analysis to nest these retailing activities under relevant categories based on their co-location pattern. Findings – In this analysis the authors obtain four major factors for the squares with retail stores, in which several kinds of retail activities are nested. These factors reveal a certain degree of location commonality for the markets in question. Originality/value – The authors' empirical design is based on a highly disaggregated spatial information and the methodology is novel in a sense that it has not been used to address a similar question. Rather than sampling, the authors use the total population, where they take all physical retailing activities into account to be able to draw a general picture for the co-location phenomena in the entire retail market.
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Cheng, Yonghong, and Zhongkai Xiong. "Strategic Conditions for Opening an Internet Store and Pricing Policies in a Retailer-Dominant Supply Chain." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/640719.
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To examine when the manufacturer and dominant retailer open their own Internet stores and how setting prices to ensure opening Internet stores are profitable. We consider a two-echelon supply chain with one manufacturer and one dominant retailer. The retailer has a physical store in a monopolist market. Depending on whether the Internet stores are opened successfully by them, we firstly obtain equilibrium prices and profits under four possible supply chain structures. Secondly, we identify several strategic conditions when it is optimal to open an Internet store for the manufacturer and dominant retailer and discuss its implications. It is interesting to note that multichannel retailing is not necessarily the best strategy for the dominant retailer. In addition, we investigate the impacts of problem parameters (the dominant retailer’s bargaining power and consumers’ disutility of purchasing a product from Internet store) on the manufacturer and dominant retailer’s pricing policies. We find that the manufacturer’s optimal price at her Internet store is not always being lower than the dominant retailer’s. Finally, we conduct numerical examples to illustrate the theoretical results.
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Wieland, Thomas. "Spatial Shopping Behavior in a Multi-Channel Environment: A Discrete Choice Model Approach." REGION 8, no. 2 (2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18335/region.v8i2.361.
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Spatial impacts of online shopping are discussed frequently in retail geography. Here, online shopping is mostly regarded as a central driver of competition for physical retailing and its locations, such as town centers or malls. Due to its high popularity, cross-channel shopping is sometimes considered to be a support for physical retailing. However, traditional retail location theory does not consider shopping channels other than in-store shopping. Furthermore, although online shopping is far too important to be neglected in examining consumer spatial shopping behavior, there is an obvious lack in the previous literature towards incorporating multi- and cross-channel shopping into store choice models. The present study aims to identify the main drivers of store choice on the basis that both in-store and online shopping alternatives are available, as well as the opportunity for cross-channel shopping. Taking into account previous literature on both physical store choice and multi-channel shopping, hypotheses on the impact of different shopping transaction costs (such as travel time, delivery charges, or uncertainty with respect to the stores' assortment) were derived. Based on a representative consumer survey, real past shopping decisions in three retail sectors (groceries, consumer electronics [CE], and furniture) were collected. The econometric analysis of empirical store choices was performed using a nested logit model which includes both physical and online stores. The results confirm several assumptions of classical retail location theory as well as previous findings from single-firm studies and stated choice experiments on multi-channel shopping behavior. Travel time to physical stores reduces consumer utility and store choice probability, respectively. Consumer sensitivity towards travel time decreases with decreasing purchase frequency of the desired goods. Delivery charges also decrease the likelihood of choosing a store. The impact of cross-channel integration on store choice (assuming the reduction of consumer transaction costs) is considerably lower than expected and differs between retail sectors. While furniture retailers profit from enabling cross-channel shopping, there is no such competitive advantage found for grocery and CE retailers. The positive effect of assortment on condition of diminishing marginal utility is confirmed for grocery stores and CE stores, but not for furniture stores. From a theoretical perspective, this study shows that multi- and cross-channel shopping behavior does not contradict the main thoughts of classical retail location theory. From a practical perspective, the study is a contribution as store choice models play a significant role in both business location planning and governmental land use planning.
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Guy, C. M. "Corporate Strategies in Food Retailing and Their Local Impacts: A Case Study of Cardiff." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 28, no. 9 (1996): 1575–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a281575.
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The development programmes of major grocery retailers in Britain have transformed the retail systems of many urban areas. Impacts upon patterns of consumer behaviour and shopping provision have been substantial. Although many writers have discussed retailers' changing corporate strategies and their implications for new store development, there is still a need for local case studies. In this paper, therefore, processes of change in grocery provision in Cardiff, a city of almost 300000 population, are examined, mainly over a recent twelve-year period. An initial burst of superstore development was accompanied by closures of many small grocery stores owned by multiple and cooperative organisations. Since about 1986, rates of new store development and of store closure have diminished. These changes were superimposed upon a longer term decline in independent food retailing. The question of trading impact is then investigated through associations over time and space of store openings and closures. Although some of the closures in this analysis appear to be explained, it is clear also that certain characteristics of the stores themselves (particularly size and location) were strongly related to the likelihood of closure. This in turn reflected corporate strategies for growth, repositioning, or retrenchment amongst the multiples concerned, mediated through the local property market and land-use planning policies. The conclusion is that the case study clearly exemplifies the impacts of recent events in British retailing, but that further studies are needed to build a comprehensive understanding of retail change at the local level.
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Mpinganjira, Mercy. "An Investigation Of Perceived Service Quality In Online Shopping: A Hierarchical Approach." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 31, no. 1 (2014): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v31i1.9050.
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Online retailing is a new but fast growing phenomenon in many countries around the world. The fast pace at which it is growing is resulting in stiff competition on the online market space. Many firms now realise that they cannot only rely on low prices as a source of competitive advantage and are looking for other effective ways of differentiating themselves so as to attract more customers and enhance their satisfaction with their online stores. This paper investigates online store service quality as a source of competitive advantage for online stores. Data was collected from a total of 201 online shoppers from Gauteng South Africa using a structured questionnaire. The findings show that online store service quality as reflected by platform quality, interaction quality and outcome quality has significant influence on customers attitude towards online stores as well as their behavioural response in terms of engagement in positive word of mouth. The findings also show that attitude is not a significant mediator of the relationship between online store service quality and customers behavioural response of positive word of mouth. The findings have wide implications of management of online retail stores and these have been highlighted in the paper.
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Turhan, Gulden. "Building Store Satisfaction Centred on Customer Retention in Clothing Retailing." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478) 3, no. 1 (2015): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v3i1.89.
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The study’s research model suggests that store design and ease of shopping are associated with customer retention through a mediated pathway in which store design and ease of shopping influence perceived store satisfaction, which in turn, influences customer retention. This survey was administered to two separate clothing stores offered to either females or males (in total, 533 participants). Using structural equation modelling methodology, data was analysed to explain the interrelations among the variables in the model. The results of an empirical study of a sample of store shoppers revealed that store design and ease of shopping influence customer retention in an indirect way through customer perception of satisfaction with the store. In building store satisfaction that is centred on customer retention, store design and shopping ease differ in their relative influences. This difference is high for females, but for men as low as to be considered negligible in males. As a result, improving customers’ perceptions of store design and ease of shopping is a way to ensure store satisfaction support customer retention. The results of the study provide a new insight into the relationships by suggesting indirect effects of shopping ease and store design on consumer retention by their impacts on store satisfaction, rather than direct effects.
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Mitra, Subrata, Anirudh Ralli, V. Somasekhar, and Jojoe Cherian. "Electronic Retailing: Indian Scenario." Paradigm 7, no. 1 (2003): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971890720030106.
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Electronic retailing or e-tailing has grown over the years and is expected to grow further in the coming years. The major challenges to the e-tailers worldwide are how to attract and retain customers, and how to streamline operations to become profitable. In India, e-tailing is a relatively new phenomenon, which is yet to pick up any significant volume. The major impediments to growth in e-tailing in India are lack of computer literacy, poor communications infrastructure and customer preference to shop in physical stores. It is expected that the government will take quick actions to improve infrastructure and remove legal and regulatory barriers to facilitate the growth of e-tailing. E-tailers, on the other hand, have to develop innovative strategies to increase their customer base, and streamline supply chain operations to turn a profit.
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Grandi, Benedetta, Maria Grazia Cardinali, and Silvia Bellini. "Assessing the Long-Term Effect on Sales and CSR of a Nutrition Marketing Strategy in the Retailing Environment." International Business Research 12, no. 11 (2019): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v12n11p94.
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The present work aims to implement a &lsquo;healthy checkout&rsquo; in a real retailing environment in order to demonstrate that this kind of intervention can be a win-win strategy for both shoppers and retailers in a long-term perspective. A field experiment has been conducted in five stores belonging to a leading Italian Retailer in the north of Italy, where all the unhealthy products have been removed from the checkouts. Both sales analysis and shoppers attitudes towards the intervention have been studied. Sales data have been analyzed for the &lsquo;healthy checkout stores&rsquo; vs &lsquo;traditional checkout stores&rsquo;, and customers have been interviewed at the end of the shopping trip five months after the implementation. Our findings show that developing a healthy checkout can have a positive impact on sales, retailer&rsquo;s reputation in terms of perceived CSR, and loyalty to the store. The present work provides some interesting results about the long-term effect of an in-store marketing strategy that aims to promote health among customers.
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Miotto, Ana Paula, and Juracy Gomes Parente. "Retail evolution model in emerging markets: apparel store formats in Brazil." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 43, no. 3 (2015): 242–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-03-2012-0025.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a taxonomy to describe and synthesize the retail strategies and store formats in the fast-changing modernization context of emerging markets. It identifies how these different formats are related to the existing literature about retail evolution. The paper proposes analogies between the empirical findings and the Big Middle Theory model developed by Levy et al. (2005). Design/methodology/approach – Structured observations and personal interviews were conducted with managers/owners of 108 apparel stores located in three unplanned shopping districts in São Paulo, Brazil. Cluster analysis was used to derive the store formats. Findings – The results identify four store formats – old fashioned, price focused, specialized, and consolidated – reflecting diverse marketing strategies and different stages in the retailing modernization cycle. There is a striking resemblance between these empirically derived formats and the four types of retail segments (Big Middle, Low price, Innovative, and in Trouble) proposed by the Big Middle model. Research limitations/implications – There are limitations due to the exploratory nature of the research: the specific context (São Paulo, apparel retail sector) where the empirical data was collected restricts the generalization of the results to other situations; lack of precision in the appraisal of the variables might limit the research replicability. Nevertheless, this research contributes to expanding the scarce knowledge about the retailing phenomenon in emerging markets. An extension of the Big Middle model is suggested to depict the existing retail formats in emerging markets, offering therefore a theoretical contribution to the retail literature. Practical implications – The study provides retailers with a framework against which to map their format, competitive strategy, and stages of the modernization cycle, enabling them to better adjust the configuration of their marketing mix variables. It also offers a classification scheme of stores formats which will help to describe the apparel retailing industry in emerging markets. Social implications – Public policies are suggested to technically assist the modernization process and survival of more vulnerable retail formats. Originality/value – Considering the fast-growing economic importance of the new “low-middle class” of emerging markets, and also the relevance of apparel retailing, this research is relevant and unique because it helps to bridge a gap in the limited literature and knowledge in this area.
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Howard, Vicki. "“The Biggest Small-Town Store in America”: Independent Retailers and the Rise of Consumer Culture." Enterprise and Society 9, no. 03 (2008): 457–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700007278.
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The case study of Bresee's Department Store in Oneonta, New York, suggests that small-town department stores were not necessarily fully “modern” by the early twentieth century. This article demonstrates how modern, big-store, business methods came later and documents how earlier modes of trade, such as credit and bartering, persisted into the early twentieth century, even in non-rural, northern contexts. Preliminary findings suggest that eliminating the urban bias in much historiography by including small-town retailing practices may lead to a later periodization of American consumer society.
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Rudawska, Edyta Dorota, and Katarzyna Bilinska-Reformat. "The development of food retail formats – evidence from Poland." British Food Journal 120, no. 2 (2018): 309–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-02-2017-0064.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: to identify and assess the direction of development of food retail formats in Poland under the influence of a changing business environment; and to identify the key challenges that food retail companies in Poland face nowadays. Design/methodology/approach The approach in this paper is a systematic literature review of publications in the Web of Science, Ebsco and Pro-Quest electronic databases from 1990 (from the emergence of large-scale foreign chains in the Polish market) to 2016, as well as the results of research carried out by Polish and international research centers, food retailer groups and institutes. The paper is based on the analysis of secondary data that present the results of research carried out on the Polish food retailing market. These analyses included the development of food retailing formats operating in Poland. Findings According to the research results analyzed, the evolution of retail formats is an embodiment of innovations introduced by retail companies and is based on the mutual permeation of elements previously associated with a specific retail format. Currently, the blurring of differences between individual retail formats can be observed in respect of two formats in particular, i.e. discount and delicatessen. The discount format occupies a special position on the Polish market, though it differs significantly from a “classical” discount. In discount stores so-called premium group products can be purchased, with stores more and more frequently being located in expensive places, e.g. in shopping centers or in their vicinity. At the same time, the popularity of convenience stores is increasing with a simultaneous decrease in the significance of large-format stores. Originality/value This paper provides interesting insights into the development of food retailing formats in Poland and the influence of changes in the business environment in that process. In addition, the paper describes the specifics of the Polish market, detailing literature-based theories pertaining to the development of retailing forms. It also focuses on the perspectives and directions in the future development of retail formats.
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Vaz, C. B., and A. S. Camanho. "Performance comparison of retailing stores using a Malmquist-type index." Journal of the Operational Research Society 63, no. 5 (2012): 631–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jors.2011.63.
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Hirano, Takashi. "Retailing in urban Japan, 1868–1945." Urban History 26, no. 3 (1999): 373–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926899000334.
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In Japan, department stores and public markets grew rapidly from the early twentieth century, and these had significant impacts on both consumers and traditional retailers. Despite pressures from the large-scale retailers, however, traditional, small-scale retailers stubbornly survived. As a result, the Japanese retail system in the pre-war period was characterized as ‘the dual structure’. In addition, the government played a critical role in Japan's retail development. These features can be accounted for as reflections of the unique modernization process of the country.
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Park, Sohyun, and Keumsook Lee. "Examining the Impact of E-Commerce Growth on the Spatial Distribution of Fashion and Beauty Stores in Seoul." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (2021): 5185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095185.
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E-commerce has dramatically expanded its sales, with people being increasingly customed to online shopping. This study aimed to examine changes in the distribution of retail stores that provide fashion and beauty products and services in terms of the number of online shopping transactions and their spatial characteristics in Seoul. For this purpose, we analyzed location data concerning relevant newly opened and closed offline stores from four subgroups between 2015 and 2019. Though more offline stores were newly opened than closed in that period, the number of stores had overall significantly decreased apart from stores providing beauty services, with significant differences in subgroup spatial distribution patterns. We identified local geographic factors affecting retail stores by applying spatial regression models, and we found that the growth of e-commerce was associated with the related to the survival and closure of fashion and beauty stores. While retail store locations are not immediately responsive to changes due to COVID-19, we expect the prolonged COVID-19 outbreak will further facilitate the spatial transformation that has been stimulated by rise of online retailing. Our findings provide important basic data for establishing location plans and management strategies for future fashion and beauty stores, as well as timely evidence-based data to help direct subsequent academic research.
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Wang, Liz C., Lu‐Hsin Chang, and Scott Wysong. "An empirical investigation of the influence of optimum stimulation levels in retailing." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 40, no. 1 (2012): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09590551211193577.
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PurposeA person's optimum stimulation level (OSL) reflects one's desired level of environmental stimulation and predisposition to act in the presence of environments. The purpose of this paper is to propose a comprehensive model, which illustrates that consumers with different levels of OSL have differing evaluations of retail store elements, shopping value and subsequent shopping behaviours.Design/methodology/approachTo examine the relationship between OSL and consumer perceptions and behaviours, interviews were conducted with retail shoppers in Taiwan (n=147).FindingsTaiwanese shoppers with a high OSL were found to have more favourable evaluations of a store's ambient, design, layout and density elements than did consumers with a low OSL. Additionally, the high OSL shoppers reported higher hedonic and utilitarian values from their shopping. Most importantly, the shoppers with a high OSL spent more time and money in stores.Practical implicationsWith this research, hopefully retailers will pay even more attention to the ambient, design and layout elements of their stores. In doing so, they might be able to attract more consumers with a high OSL and entice them to spend more money.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the growing body of international retailing research by examining the effects of shoppers' optimum stimulation levels on their perceptions toward store elements, perceived shopping value, and purchase behaviours. Moreover, a comprehensive framework is put forth to assist future research.
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Gupta, S. L. "An Empirical Study on Retailing Industry in India: A Case Study on Apparel Market." Paradigm 11, no. 2 (2007): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971890720070202.
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The study puts focus on how retailers are designing organized retail formats to keep pace with the changing moods of the shoppers. This will help them out in reaching a huge market comprising middle segment in order to enhance their clientele. These organized retail formats are at a paradigm shift in India and the need of the hour is a place where the consumers are seeking the convenience of one-stop shopping which can be catered by none other than malls. In the past few years there has been a shift in India from individual retail outlets owned separately and managed distinctively and professionally for retailing. Things changed primarily because of rising expectations of Indian consumers Corporate houses in turn responded quickly to the needs of the consumers. The study addresses how factors within and outside the stores affect store-level shopping decision. Preference for certain retailer attributes differs by shopper and these preferences are reflected in store choice. Therefore, several retailer attribute act as reasons for store patronage. A questionnaire was designed to investigate store patronage relative to the importance and perception of selected attributes of the stores. The data were collected from retailers. Respondents were asked to describe their perception of store on the basis of various attributes. These attributes were then treated as variables/indicators in the study. The six main indicators on the basis of which retailers decide to go for specific type of retail format consisted of price, sales personnel, quality of merchandise, assortment of merchandise, advertising, services, and other convenience services. The data collected from 100 retailers.
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Marín-García, Antonio, Irene Gil-Saura, and M. Eugenia Ruíz-Molina. "How do innovation and sustainability contribute to generate retail equity? Evidence from Spanish retailing." Journal of Product & Brand Management 29, no. 5 (2019): 601–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-12-2018-2173.
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Purpose In the current dynamic and competitive environment in which retail companies operate, store equity is a differentiating factor. In view of the scarce research found regarding the links between the variables traditionally related to brand equity (store awareness, store image, store perceived quality and store loyalty) and innovation, sustainability and the global retail equity, this study aims to examine these links in depth. Design/methodology/approach For a sample of 510 customers of grocery retail establishments and with the help of a structured questionnaire, the relationships between the variables defined in this research were examined using a structural equations model. Findings The authors find evidence in favor of the positive influence of innovation and sustainability on the variables related to brand equity. Likewise, store loyalty to the establishment, influenced by store image and perceived quality, emerges as a key variable in the construction of global brand equity. Research limitations/implications This study shows that innovation and sustainability have a significant impact on the variables traditionally linked with brand equity. Practical implications This research shows that new business models should be created through more innovative and sustainable businesses. In this sense, the managers of retail stores should direct their efforts toward actions aimed at implementing innovation, as well as provide evidence of the sustainability of the store’s activities, with the purpose of improving the perception that consumers have of the store. Originality/value The results of this research support the role of store loyalty as key element of brand equity. Also, to the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that addresses the relationship that innovation and sustainability have with the variables linked to store equity.
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Radaev, V. "The Evolution of Organizational Forms in Russian Retailing." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 10 (October 20, 2006): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2006-10-41-62.
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Conceptual schemes of the organizational ecology are applied to reveal major trends in the evolution of trading formats in Russian retailing at present. They include the increasing share of modern stores, downstream waves of exploring the market niches from premium to economic market segments, and the spread of the multiformat strategy. The role of new trading formats in Russia is compared with that in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Scenarios of future development in the retailing sector are presented.
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Gable, Myron, and Martin T. Topol. "Machiavellianism and Job Satisfaction of Retailing Executives in a Specialty Store Chain." Psychological Reports 64, no. 1 (1989): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.64.1.107.
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The Mach TV scale and the Job Descriptive Index were administered to 60 managers of specialty stores. Female store managers scored significantly higher on the Mac IV scale, and no significant differences were observed between men and women on the five subscales of the Job Descriptive Index. A significant relation for women was observed between Machiavellianism and satisfaction with opportunities for promotion. This was the only significant finding of 15 regression analyses examining the relations between Machiavellianism and job satisfaction for the entire sample, for men and for women.