Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'RFID Chip'

Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 21).
The purpose of this study was to determine a force-deflection relationship and a force-contact area relationship between a flat planar solid and a spherical solid in terms of material and surface properties of the two bodies. This relationship was determined and it was discovered that the force was directly proportional to both the deflection and contact area. This information is useful in the design and performance of RFID chips. The RFID chip-antenna interface is the area of greatest power loss in the system, and by determining a relationship to increase the contact area in that region, the power loss to the antenna can be reduced. Moreover, an analysis including asperities on the micro scale geometry of the solids was conducted. In the final approach to the problem, a random distribution of asperity types was analyzed. An expression was derived for the total force applied in terms of a given deflection and a range of asperity radii of curvature. A three-dimensional graph was created to show how each of these variables depends on the each other when asperities exist. This relationship is very significant, because it can be used to improve current RFID chip technology to achieve better performance. This expression can also be used to determine specifications in the manufacturing process to achieve a certain deflection or area of contact between the contacting bodies, thereby improving the current manufacturing process.
by Chetak M. Reshamwala.
S.B.

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The increases in the cost of providing health services impose on hospital managers to search for best practices for the administration and management of inputs and hospital technology. A case where one can get a significant reduction in operating costs is the proper management of the hospital trousseau. In Brazil, to monitor hospital trousseau, the most commonly used techniques are the use of Barcode (barcode) and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). Barcode is considered the cheapest per unit, however, is restricted handling the dirty parts. The use of RFID allows good monitoring of the hospital trousseau to introduce mechanisms that allow, with reliability and speed of data collection, adequate monitoring and control of parts. The system via RFID has been presented as a more suitable feature that the technique of the barcode, however, is still considered "high cost". And this cost is yet to be determined because that review depends on the focus and scope given to the management of the hospital trousseau. Thus, the main objective of this work is to develop a methodology for the implementation of RFID technology in the control of hospital trousseau, identifying requirements and technical and managerial conditions for RFID technology can be well used in the promotion of good hospital management practices.
As elevações dos custos com a prestação de serviços de saúde impõem aos gestores hospitalares a busca de melhores práticas para a administração e o gerenciamento de insumos e tecnologias hospitalares. Um caso concreto onde se pode obter uma importante redução dos custos operacionais é o adequado manejo do enxoval hospitalar. No Brasil, para monitorar os enxovais hospitalares, as técnicas mais utilizadas são o uso do Barcode (código de barras) e o RFID (Radio Frequency Identification). O Barcode é considerado o mais barato por unidade, porém, tem como restrição o manuseio das peças sujas. A utilização do RFID permite um bom monitoramento do enxoval hospitalar por introduzir mecanismos que permitem, com confiabilidade e velocidade na coleta de dados, um adequado monitoramento e controle das peças. O sistema via RFID vem se apresentando como um recurso mais adequado que a técnica do Barcode, contudo, ainda é considerado de “alto custo”. E esse custo ainda não é bem determinado porque que sua avaliação depende do foco e a abrangência dada à gestão do enxoval hospitalar. Com isso, o objetivo principal deste trabalho é desenvolver uma metodologia para a implantação da tecnologia RFID no controle de enxovais hospitalares, identificando requisitos e condições técnicas-gerenciais para que a tecnologia de RFID possa ser bem empregada na promoção das boas práticas de gestão hospitalar.

Användandet av betalkort har blivit allt mer populärt den senaste tiden och användandet av kontanter har minskat. En transaktion med hjälp av ett betalkort kan numera ske på ett antal olika sätt, från den klassiska magnetremsan till mobila kortbetalningar. Med tanke på den ökade användningen av betalkort har kortbedrägerier ökat och som privatperson är det idag av större vikt att veta vilka sårbarheter och tekniska brister de olika betalningsmetoder har för att kunna skydda sig på bästa sätt. Denna studie handlar om chip-, blipp- och mobila betalningar där syftet är att lyfta förståelsen kring dessa genom att framhäva både funktionaliteter och sårbarheter. Vidare, ger arbetet en utökad förståelse för allmänhetens perspektiv kring dessa frågor, samt hur dessa perspektiv skiljer sig mellan ålder och kön. För att kunna uppnå studiens syfte har en litteraturstudie utförts vilket är en viktig del för att, inte bara förmedla kunskap kring området, utan även för att kunna bemöta problemformuleringen för arbetet, då en övergripande förståelse kring funktionalitet och säkerhet för de olika betalningsmetoderna är en väsentlig del i arbetet. För att göra det möjligt att svara på problemformuleringen inkluderar arbetet en kvantitativ studie som undersöker allmänhetens uppfattning om dessa betalningsmetoder och om den skiljer sig från ålder eller kön. Studien visar att det är skillnad på förhållningssättet gentemot de olika betalningsmetoder beroende på personens ålder men också att kön inte visas ha någon påverkan på förhållningssättet.

Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous rechercherons comment éliminer les opérations de non-valeur-ajoutée dans la fabrication des pièces en matériaux composites incluant la fixation des puces RFID directement dans les pièces en matériaux composites utilisées dans les industries aéronautiques et spatiales. Nous proposerons une nouvelle méthode innovante. Cette méthode industrielle utilise la technologie RFID pour aider éliminer les étapes de non-valeur-ajoutée qui empêchent des améliorations opérationnelles. En plus d’aider à éliminer des opérations de non-valeur-ajoutée, cette technologie peut permettre d’augmenter la communication transverse entre des processus opérationnels. L'utilisation appropriée de technologie RFID peut aussi aider à augmenter la visibilité des produits, des données et des outils dans la fabrication. Les étapes de contrôle inutiles qui induisent des délais de processus plus importants et des coûts additionnels plus élevés peuvent automatiquement être éliminées. De plus, cette méthode permet d’assurer une macro et micro traçabilité. La technologie RFID marche très bien tant avec la fibre de verre qu'avec les composés de fibre de carbone industriels. L’intégration de ces aides technologiques dans les pièces composites permet de créer des matériaux "intelligents" et de communiquer avec d'autres systèmes industriels qui sont voisins, ou dans un autre pays via le logiciel. Et cette capacité peut aider à réduire la documentation et améliorer la traçabilité pendant les phases industrielles transverses de l'entreprise. Les Informations peuvent être stockées sur la puce à l’avance ou bien après chaque processus. Ceci permet aussi d’élaborer de nouveaux processus et des occasions de traitement de la part de la société pour les parties qui sont en service. De cette façon, la puce peut permettre une communication entre le fabricant et le client. Les informations sur l'Étiquette RFID permettent aux pièces d'être gérées plus rapidement et à distance pendant tout le cycle de vie de la pièce. Les informations enregistrées sur la puce pendant la fabrication de la pièce composite peuvent même être lues, avec un ajout d’information, pendant que la pièce est en service. La méthode que nous proposons est la fixation la puce RFID dans les pièces en matériaux composites. Le dépistage et le contrôle automatiques de ces parties permettra à nos processus industriels d'être plus efficaces et visibles pendant la fabrication, aussi bien que le support après la livraison du produit. Dans un proche avenir, des entreprises nationales et internationales transformeront leur ingénierie et procédés de fabrication en appliquant cette méthode novatrice qui accélère les cycles de vie, maximise l'efficacité et élimine des étapes inutiles dans le processus. En conséquence, ces entreprises seront dans une bien meilleure position pour maximiser leur productivité et des nouvelles occasions de produit/marché aussi bien que la documentation de produit efficace et les processus de production aideront des entreprise ou les clients à abaisser leurs coûts d'exploitation, à augmenter la productivité des salariés, à améliorer la conformité, le délai de diminution et à faire des progrès plus rapides dans le domaine de la durabilité. En résumé, le fait de diminuer le délai de livraison à chaque étape dans le processus "On-Target" soutiendra) grandement la performance de " On-Cost" et " On-Quality". En utilisant cette méthode, les fabricants deviendront capables de diminuer considérablement leurs coûts, d’améliorer de façon significative les améliorations de processus, d’augmenter l’innovation à chaque étape du processus et de lancer dans l’entreprise des actions qui lui conféreront une vaste excellence opérationnelle
The main objective of this thesis is to improve the traditional manufacturing processes in the company and to replace the traditional manufacturing methodology by new method in order to improve the manufacturing efficiency (time, cost, quality, safety of the products etc.). In the frame of this thesis, we will focus on how to eliminate the non-value added operations in the manufacturing by the embedding RFID tags directly in the composite parts used in aerospace companies. We will propose a new innovative state of the art composite manufacturing method that uses RFID technology to help eliminate non-value added manual steps that impede operational improvements. This technology can help to eliminate non-value added operations and increase the communication across operational processes. The appropriate use of RFID technology can also help increase the visibility of the products, data, and tools in manufacturing. The unnecessary control steps which induce higher process lead-times and higher additional costs can automatically be eliminated. The macro and micro traceability of processes and products (such as the part information, lifecycle, movement history and location) can all be automated and digitized with less manual intervention and less paper documentation. Carefully using this technology across our production processes, we can rapidly transform operational processes and improve their accuracy, control and efficiency. This is a lean, innovative and value adding innovative approach that significantly increases the visibility and monitoring of processes. RFID technology works very well with both glass and carbon fibre composites’ manufacturing. This technology helps makes the composite parts “smart” and communicate with other manufacturing systems that are nearby or in another country via software. And this capability can help reduce documentation and improve traceability during the manufacturing phases and across the company. Information can be stored on the tag before and/or after each process. This also enables new process and company service opportunities for parts that are in-service. In this way, the tag can enable a communication between the manufacturer and customer. The information on the RFID Tag enables the parts to be managed faster and remotely across the full lifecycle of the part. The information recorded on the RFID Tag during the manufacturing of the composite parts can even be read and more information can be read during in-service. This information can create an advantage for any modification of the parts, repair, and maintenance in the future. In this way, RFID based processes can reduce unnecessary steps across the whole supply chain and reduce the high workload of manual processes and documentation. Furthermore, costs can be minimized due to increased visibility and elimination of unnecessary steps across processes. Using RFID technology by direct embedding of the RFID Tag in the composite parts intends to measure and reduce “Process Variation”. The idea here is not to move the tasks, but to optimize and eliminating the non-value added tasks by using RFID based production method “embedding of RFID Tag in Composite parts”. The method that we propose is embedding the RFID tag in the composite parts. Automatically tracking and monitoring these parts will enable our industrial processes to be more efficient and visible during manufacturing as well as in service-processes that occur after delivery of the product. As mentioned previously, the intention here to enable our composite parts to be “smart” so they can be communicated to automatically across their lifecycle. This will help create an industrial "Internet of Things”. [...]

La technologie d'identification par radiofréquence (RFID) a eu un essor très important ces dernières années notamment grâce à sa configuration polyvalente et aux innombrables possibilités d'intégration offertes par cette technologie notamment avec l'apparition d'un nouveau contexte applicatif celui des objets connectés. Depuis quelques années, des applications de la RFID UHF en champ proche ont été notamment développées afin de surmonter les problèmes liés à la dégradation de lecture des tags lorsqu'ils sont placés dans des milieux fortement perturbateurs. Les travaux de recherche présentés dans cette thèse s'intéressent à l'étude de la technologie RFID UHF en zones de champ proche et de champ lointain. Les études portent plus particulièrement sur la conception d'antennes lecteur et d'antennes tag ainsi que sur les méthodes de caractérisation des systèmes RFID en zones de champ proche et de champ lointain. Une étude sur les caractéristiques des champs rayonnées par une antenne est réalisée afin de souligner les critères les plus pertinents en vue de concevoir des antennes pour les lecteurs RFID, performantes en zone de champ proche. A partir de l'état de l'art sur les antennes tags et les méthodologies de conception classiques, une nouvelle approche de conception est développée qui vise à améliorer la conception d'antennes tags en intégrant une vision appropriée pour tenir compte du niveau de puissance espéré dans une application donnée. Enfin avec pour objectif la caractérisation des tags RFID UHF, d'une part une approche est proposée permettant l'identification de familles de tags, et d'autre part, une procédure innovante pour la mesure de l'efficacité du transfert de puissance est proposée et validée expérimentalement
The Radiofrequency Identification technology (RFID) has had a huge growth these last years, due to its versatility and the uncountable possibilities to integrate this technology in many different application (tracking and inventory of goods, access control, supply chain, etc.), and in particular the brand new context of internet of things projects. For some years, the near field UHF RFID applications has been developed in order to overcome the problems related to degradations of tag's read range when needing to use it in a perturbing environment. The research work presented in this thesis come as a study of the UHF RFID in near field and far field zones. This study focus more particularly on the design of reader and tag antennas and on the characterization method in near field and far field zones. A study on the characteristics of fields outgoing from an antenna has been made, in order to underline the important criteria for the design of performant UHF RFID reader antennas in near field zone. From the state of art about tag antennas design and classical methodologies, we propose a new approach that aims improving the design of tag antennas in a more suitable point of view that is getting the expected power level in a given application. Finally, with an objective to characterize UHF RFID tags, we first propose a new approach enabling the identification of tag families, and then propose a new innovating power transfer efficiency measurement procedure, that has been validated experimentally

The purpose of this final thesis isto develop a model for justification and evaluation of RFID technology. RFID is a new, relatively untested, technology using radio signals for automatic identification of different objects. Our theoretical frame of references focuses on research about RFID and implementation iss ues, we also conducted case studies and interviews in order to learn about RFID. Most RFID installations of today are Pilots or early adopters wanting to try new technology. A lot of the written sources were reports from consultancy firms or suppliers of technology.

Implementing RFID in real environment gave important insights into potentials and limitations of the technology. It proved that it is difficult to achieve sufficient readability in a steel environment. We also learned that one should not underestimate the time for installation and tuning in order to meet higher readability. The project finally resulted in an iterative model for justification and evaluation of RFID technology.

This diploma thesis deals with the development of payments instruments, contactless technologies and instruments of contactless payments. This thesis describes intentions of card associations VISA and MasterCard in area contactless payments. It also contains a questionnaire survey, on the basis of which was carried out an evaluation and comparison with intentions associations. At the same was recommend of development for a provider of services in the area.

Le but de cette thèse est de développer des capteurs sur la base des tags RFID, des technologies et matériaux disponibles au Vietnam afin de contribuer à résoudre la problématique du contrôle de la qualité des produits alimentaires. En effet la technologie RFID s'est affirmée en importance pour ses applications dans de nombreux domaines. Dans ce contexte, l'identification des produits alimentaires expirés, sans les endommager, est une orientation de recherche très prometteuse. Un tag RFID UHF passif peut aussi être composé de plusieurs puces et plusieurs antennes, chaque couple puce/antenne conçu pour travailler sur un intervalle déterminé de valeur de permittivité. Donc, à partir de l'ensemble des permittivités définies pour chaque couple puce/antenne et les signaux réfléchis vers le lecteur, nous pourrons "mesurer" la permittivité de l'objet tracé. Ainsi la connaissance de la permittivité des aliments et la conception spécifique de l'antenne, nous développerons un tag capteur de type "multi puce/antenne" qui sera utilisé comme un capteur sans fil pour la détection de la qualité des aliments

Mikrochip, eller integrerad krets, är en samling av elektroniska kretsar på en mindre platta. De går att finna i nästan alla elektroniska produkter, såsom i mobiler eller självkörande bilar. Idag har denna teknik blivit så liten att människor kan implantera den i kroppen, där användningsområdena är många och fortfarande relativt outforskade. Ny teknik kommer ofta med positiva och negativa aspekter, en teknik som kan integreras med kroppen kan för individen kännas integritetskränkande, främmande eller obehagligt. Detta är en kvalitativ studie där vi genom intervjuer har undersökt vilka attityder ungdomar i Sverige har till implantat av mikrochip. Studien har identifierat vad ungdomar har för attityder och åsikter kring mikrochip i kontexten av deras egna privatliv, hälsa, vardagsliv och datasäkerhet.

Inductor is a key element for radio-frequency circuits. On-chip inductors of high quality factor (high-Q) are required for high-performance RFICs (Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits) for next generation wireless communication systems. This thesis presents the theoretical and experimental studies of high-Q suspended inductors produced by flip chip assembly for multi-GHz RFIC applications. The effects of device and substrate parameters on the Q-factor of the inductor devices were studied by numerical simulation using Ansoft HFSS electromagnetic field simulation package. It was found that the detrimental effect ofthe low-resistivity substrate on the inductor's Qfactor can be significantly reduced using the suspended inductor design. Suspended inductor devices were realised using a flip chip assembly method. The gold and copper based inductor structures with the supporting pillars were fabricated on low-cost glass and flexible carriers using UV photolithography and electrofonning technique, and were then assembled onto low-resistivity silicon substrates using the gold-gold thennocompression bonding on a flip chip bond~r, .Individual and 2x2 arrays of meander and spiral inductors have been successfully fabricated with various air gap heights and conductor thicknesses.

This thesis deals with the development problems and creating of the multi- purpose hardware platform, which supports operating system Linux. It is focused on the microprocessors using ARM architecture with architecture ARM7, ARM9 and ARM11. The scope of the first part of this thesis was searching the sales of available 32 bit ARM microprocessors. The second part is attended to a particular Mini2440 development kit, its animation and the subsequent development of the kernel drivers for OS Linux platform. One of this thesis details was also the development of my own expansive hardware module and a capacity keypad for a usage with Mini2440 developmental kit.

In this doctoral dissertation, the author presents the theoretical foundation, the analysis and design of analog and RF circuits, the chip level implementation, and the experimental validation pertaining to a new radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) power amplifier (PA) architecture that is intended for wireless portable transceivers.
A method called Gated Envelope Feedback is proposed to allow the automatic hardware reconfiguration of a stand-alone RFIC PA in multiple states for power efficiency improvement purposes. The method uses self-operating and fully integrated circuitry comprising RF power detection, switching and sequential logic, and RF envelope feedback in conjunction with a hardware gating function for triggering and activating current reduction mechanisms as a function of the transmitted RF power level. Because of the critical role that RFIC PA components occupy in modern wireless transceivers, and given the major impact that these components have on the overall RF performances and energy consumption in wireless transceivers, very significant benefits stem from the underlying innovations.
The method has been validated through the successful design of a 1.88GHz COMA RFIC PA with automatic hardware reconfiguration capability, using an industry renowned state-of-the-art GaAs HBT semiconductor process developed and owned by Skyworks Solutions, Inc., USA. The circuit techniques that have enabled the successful and full on-chip embodiment of the technique are analyzed in details. The IC implementation is discussed, and experimental results showing significant current reduction upon automatic hardware reconfiguration, gain regulation performances, and compliance with the stringent linearity requirements for COMA transmission demonstrate that the gated envelope feedback method is a viable and promising approach to automatic hardware reconfiguration of RFIC PA's for current reduction purposes. Moreover, in regard to on-chip integration of advanced PA control functions, it is demonstrated that the method is better positioning GaAs HBT technologies, which are known to offer very competitive RF performances but inherently have limited integration capabilities.
Finally, an analytical approach for the evaluation of inter-modulation distortion (IMD) in envelope feedback architectures is introduced, and the proposed design equations and methodology for IMD analysis may prove very helpful for theoretical analyses, for simulation tasks, and for experimental work.

This Master’s thesis deals with analysis of available identification chips and the design electronic attendance book that these chips will use and store the measured information to a file on a memory card. One of the tasks is to compare different kinds of identification cards and chips, and select the most appropriate type for the implementation process. Additionally, the work described the FAT file system, which is used for data storage card.

This master’s thesis deals with the analysis, design and implementation of a system for organizing running races with the support of racers registration and the possibility of multiple online and offline checkpoints during the race. The system is composed of two web applications and a client desktop application. An administration web application is used to create and manage the race. A presentation web application with optional registration is responsible for publishing the race. It is possible to scan RFID chips of the racers on multiple track stations during the race using a client application. The RFID chips are scanned by an RFID reader connected to host device. If the client application is connected to the internet, the scanned times of racers are displayed on the presentation application in real time. Web applications are implemented with the ASP.NET MVC technology. Authorization and Authentication is provided by ASP.NET Identity. The client application is implemented using the WPF technology.

碩士
中華大學
電機工程學系碩士班
92
This thesis is about the circuit design of the Tag part in the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system and the basic function of Tag. The design procedures include the simulation of digital software and functions; the next is the design of the basic logic gates and analog circuits and the last one is the considerations for IC layout.The first part of the thesis includes the introduction, the planning of the RFIDsystem, the formation and formulation of the specification of RFID system, and the second part focuses on chip design, measurement, and the conclusion of the thesis. The preliminary designed functions of the circuit is: being the Schmitt trigger Clock using the capacitance to be a frequency buffer, being the error detective code of CRC-16, being the Manchester code and making rectification, oscillation, and modulation through single circuit. Finally, this IC design is complete.

碩士
明新科技大學
電子工程研究所
93
In recent year, fast development of wireless technologies makes wireless electrical device much closer to people’s life, the demand for wireless has become more and more popular. Radio frequency identification system has many advantages, for example：non touch、reading fast、without setting butteries inside, and so on. Therefore, radio frequency identification system is one of the top 10 important technologies in this century. This paper mainly designs the transponder of the radio frequency identification, and the circuit is divided into three parts：DC Supply Voltage Generation、Digital circuit and Analog circuit. Digital circuit contains clear circuit、clock generator、memory unit and digital encoder circuit, and the analog circuit is radio frequency modulation circuit. In this thesis we use CMOS process to design of circuit to realize low cost, high integration advantages. So the apply of RFID is more convenient and widespread. In the beginning of the design, we use Avanti Hspice to simulate and verify the accuracy of the function of circuit. After finishing simulation, we use the Full-Customs IC Design flow and process of TSMC 0.18um 1P6M to realize the circuit with the form of CIC national chip system implementation center integration. Finally we measure the electric functions of the chip circuit match the specification or not. The total chip size is about 657 × 663 um2.

碩士
國立高雄第一科技大學
電腦與通訊工程所
98
RFID is widely used in daily life, such as money card, building management access control system, map information Guan loan system, road toll systems. In this thesis, we design the passive tag chip and reader chip. The RFID tag is to modulate the data, where the system is divided into five parts: double voltage circuit, voltage regulation circuit, ring oscillator, SPI interface, signal modulation circuit. The reader chip is mainly to demodulate the RF signal to digital code, where the system includes the signal control circuit, ring oscillator, TSPC counters, latches, comparators. These chip are implemented by TSMC 18μm 1P6M process. For passive tag chip, the chip select the mode of ASK / FSK modulation by external control. The ASK modulation rate is 450MHz; and FSK modulation rate is 450M/250MHz. The tag chip area is 0.79 x 0.94 mm2 . In the reader chip, the demodulator is designed with digital type, to receive ASK / FSK signal to recover digital data. The high frequency TSPC counter is used to counter the signal frequency. During one counting time, the data is high when the counting value is over than one threshold. The data can be automatically tracked to find the digital code rather than the convectional PLL approach in the decoder. The demodulator chip area is 0.52 x 0.33 mm2.

碩士
吳鳳技術學院
光機電暨材料研究所
97
In recent years, due to the rapid development of wireless technology, there is an increasing demand for wireless applications, one of which is radio frequency identification system (RFID). RFID application is very convenient and efficient for the average of daily life, Examples include: building access control management, car alarm chip. 　　This thesis, investigates the passive RFID tag design, including the design of the Rectifier and limitation circuit, Power-on-reset circuit schematic, Detector, data slicer and decoder and Control logic and shift register and IF oscillator. The layout of the chip uses 1P6M 0.18μm CMOS technology.

碩士
中華大學
電機工程學系(所)
96
In this paper, a digital anti-collision system circuit design for Radio Frequency Identification （RFID） Tag is presented completely and verified with RF front-end circuits, moreover to be aimed at digital anti-collision system to integrated. This system was adapted with the “Slotted Random” anti-collision algorithm. Two commended Tag functions are the usage of random number system to do backward data linking frequencies chosen and time-division multiplexing （TDM） by readers. The proposed anti-collision system circuit both enhances functions to Tags, and speeds up the identification rate. Meanwhile, it reduces the detection error and the power consumption. We implemented the design on ALTERA Cyclone II EP2C5T144C7 FPGA chip combine with an antenna and a hybrid RF front-end circuit. The Alien Reader ALR-9780 had successfully linked with our Tag circuit and read the EPC codes, which were compatible with the EPC Class-1 Generation-2 UHF RFID Protocol [1]. In the integrated circuit is used TSMC 0.18 um process.

碩士
國立勤益科技大學
電子工程系
98
In this thesis, we present three kinds of modified cyclic redundancy check (CRC) circuits. For the first circuit, parallel processing of inputs and hardware sharing techniques are adopted to improve operation speed of traditional serial CRC circuit. The circuit has been realized in a CMOS chip and works successfully. The second circuit, which we design another CRC circuit with multiple functions of CRC-4, CRC-5, CRC-8, and CRC-16, is function successfully by using HSPICE simulation. In the third circuit, a modified CRC circuit with parallel architecture to increase data throughput is proposed. The proposed circuit is with capability of input of arbitrary data bit by using a set of digital switches. Finally, type II (the second) CRC circuit, encoding circuit (Manchester and Miller coding function), and modulations (ASK and FSK) circuits are integrated as a single chip for RFID application. By using TSMC 0.18 um CMOS technology, HSPICE simulation results show that the prototyping circuit works successfully at supply voltage of 0.9 V, data bit rate of 200 Mbps, and power consumption of 90 uW.

碩士
真理大學
資訊工程學系碩士班
99
In order to effectively control limited resources, identity authentication is a widely used technology in modern life. Moreover, for the privacy of users, designing identity authentication protocols with anonymity is a popular research topic in recent years. In 2004, Das et al. introduced the idea of dynamic identity, to ensure that the authentication message will not reveal user's identity information. In 2009, Wang et al. pointed out that Das et al.’s identity authentication protocol is insecure and proposed an improved protocol which is claimed to be more secure and efficient. In this thesis, we will propose an impersonation attack against Wang et al.’s protocol. First of all, an attacker can modify the time-stamp in a login request message, then he can login that server at any time, not subject to the limitation of the original time-stamp. Furthermore, an attacker can impersonation any legitimate user and login the server at any time. Overall, in the proposed attack, an attacker controls the time stamp and the identification, causing great harm to Wang et al.’s protocol. Dynamic identity may protect the privacy of users if the protocol properly designed; however, data synchronization between a user and a verifier is a big problem in implementation. In 2008, Liao and Tzeng proposed a new type of RFID identity authentication protocol, cleverly uses a small amount of temporary storage to ensure a user and a verifier can re-synchronize after a failed transaction. In this thesis, we will propose tracing attacks against Liao and Tzeng’s protocol. The attack destroys the synchronization between an RFID tag and the database, forcing the identification information stop updating; then achieves the purpose of tracking a tag and compromises the tag’s (or the tag holder’s) location privacy. We also propose possible countermeasure in this thesis. Previous authentication protocols are designed for single-server environment, it will be inconvenient if a user needed to access different resources provided by different servers. In 2010, Juang et al. try to resolve this issue by suggesting an identity authentication protocol in multi-server environment. However, in this thesis, we found Juang et al.’s identity authentication protocol is insecure against a tracking attack, a tag-destroy attack, and an impersonation attack of malicious server.

碩士
國立臺北教育大學
資訊科學系碩士班
102
Abstract This study focuses on the application of radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology applying to home appliance control systems. The main characteristic of this embedded system-development platform uses 8051 series chips as its core architecture to integrate on the development platform peripheral modules including RFID, LCD display, keyboard, relay control, and serial interface. After the encoded data of the home appliances are read, they are integrated and transmitted via the serial interface to a remote computer for processing. Controlling and monitoring of the home appliances are achieved through the design of the control interface, which allows users, to monitor the various functions of the home appliances from a remote system platform directly. Also, double authentication mechanisms and scheduling functions are incorporated in the system platform, mainly to control user access and protect the security of the home appliance system.

碩士
世新大學
資訊管理學研究所(含碩專班)
98
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), as a non-contact reading, reading speed, with the radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, through the PJM tag and reader technology improvements can be quickly identification label stack to promote RFID applications are more diverse. In addition, with the tourism industry specialization, technology and diversification, hotels are combined with Gambling Industry has become the focus of tourism development. Game entertainment industry how modern management of casinos order to improve customer service quality is also an important issue casino This research is the use of RFID in identification technology, applied to casino chips and gaming tables in the management. First of all, access through In-Depth Interviews with domestic gaming tables manufacturers, understanding and analysis of the casino management system functions with existing tables. The RFID tag embedded into the chips, the chips used to speed up the conversion operation, to avoid counterfeit chip case, record tables betting state. For system implementation, through this approach can indeed record tables and gamblers bet status, customer behavior analysis to provide managers and enhance the casino's management functions.

碩士
義守大學
電機工程學系
107
Nowadays, RFID generally uses a password mechanism as a user’s authentication, but the password still has chance to stolen by people witch bad intention and cause serious consequence. SO, increasing the security of the password mechanism is an urgent problem to be solved. In other words, using the account password as the authentication mechanism doesn’t necessarily correctly identify whether the user is the some as the account holder. This paper attempts to combine the account password mechanism with RFID, and the biometrics of the keystroke behavior to increase the security of the authentication system and protect the legal user account being stolen by unauthorized people. The keystroke feature means the user presses a button on the keyboard and generate a series of keystroke rhythm data. Even whit the same password, as a result to different tapping habit with each user, and each keystroke rhythm model is unique. Even if the account password is known to people with bad intention in the future, it can prevent interested people entering the system because of different keystroke rhythm. This paper designs management modules and identification modules. In the management module, the keyboard use digital password and keystroke rhythm by means of RFID reader stores in RF ID IC card; In identification modules, RFID is able to read the data in RFID IC card, using keyboard input method compare input data and establish data is much or not. This paper will complete an actual system to prove the method is feasible.

碩士
國立交通大學
電子研究所
101
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is widely used in our daily life in recent years such as the access control, public transportation, electronic toll collection and many other applications. Antennas are required in RFID system for data transfer by radio-frequency electromagnetic fields. However, conventional RFID tags utilize external antennas which operate at low frequency and the external antennas size and costs limit the widespread adoption of RFID technology. To solve the antenna size and cost problem of conventional RFID tags, a passive RFID tag with the size of 1 mm2 is proposed in this thesis. The proposed RFID tag utilizes seal-ring which already exists in the integrated circuit chip as on-chip antenna that is not only integrated on chip but reduces large chip area to lower fabrication costs. The seal-ring antenna also has the advantage of eliminating the expensive packaging and assembly process and greatly reduces the costs of RFID tag. The RFID tag is wireless powered by the signals from RFID reader and then starts to demodulate the 60 GHz PWM signals to binary data as the tag possess enough power. Finally, the tag transmits output data back to reader by 24 GHz FSK modulation and backscatter modulation. Choosing high carrier frequencies as 60 GHz or 24 GHz has the advantages of protecting data transmission from interference, reducing the antenna dimension and allowing higher data rate. The proposed RFID tag is small-size and low-cost so that it allows extensive applications of RFID tag and brings unlimited business opportunities.

Since the late 1990s our group has been working with groups in chemistry department at the University of Texas at Austin on a project referred as "Electronic Taste Chip," a MicroElectroMechanical System (MEMS) based miniaturized microfluidic chemical sensor with multianalyte detection capabilities. By integrating optical detection mechanism directly onto the silicon chip a cost effective, compact, and portable sensor can be realized enabling use of these chips out of conventional laboratory environment. Addition to the integration a noble approach of accessing a photodiode with non-contact powerless RFID type readout is presented. By doing so a packaged photodiode can be interrogated without direct electrical contact, enhancing the portability even further for a sensor operated in aqueous medium. First background information regarding the project as well as design and integration criteria is presented followed by demonstration of non-contact RFID-type readout of a photodiode. Detailed discussion on the development of process integration scheme is discussed along with the measurements verifying the performance of the fabricated photodiode. During this investigation normally overlooked design criteria of collection efficiency, the effect of how a target element is to be delivered to a detection mechanism on the overall performance of the sensor, is addressed and discussed.

碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
光電與通訊研究所
98
In this thesis, the study mainly focuses on the UHF band RFID tag antenna. There are three kinds tag antennas with different chips for the current design, NXP G2XM/G2XL, FEC MMGen2 and Impinj MonzaTM3. However, different chips have different characteristics of impedance and sensitivity for the tag antenna performance and design. Therefore, it will be described how to test in addition to radio frequency identification chip, and the proposed tuning element for three types of antenna design have their individual functional and applications. The dipole tag antenna with a simple U-shaped tuning element for many material applications, the measured maximum read range is about 6.5 m. In livestock cattle dipole tag antenna with T-shaped loop, it is effectively increased the imaginary part of the antenna impedance and the maximum read range is about 2.4 m. The dipole tag antenna with L-shaped open-slit for glass applications, the maximum read range is about 11 meters. Details of the measured and simulated results of the proposed tag antennas are presented and discussed.

碩士
國立成功大學
電機工程學系
89
This thesis analyzes the characteristics of on-chip interleaved spiral transformers with different numbers of turns and inner diameters for each spiral inductor. These transformers have been fabricated using a CMOS technology with six metal layers. The results show that the transformer with highest trace length can have highest magnetic coupling coefficient approaching 0.8, maximum quality factor about 5.7. The safe resonance frequency, 6.7GHz, which makes the application of integrated interleaved transformers in RFICs possible. Moreover, the temperature-effect have been included to characterize the behavior of spiral transformers over the temperature range from —40℃ to 150℃. To facilitate their applications in the RFIC design, a simple but acceptable interleaved transformer model is presented. The simulation results show the good fit to the measured results below 3GHz, although the proximity effect and the loss due to eddy current induced in the substrate are not considered. The model is then exploited in a mixer circuit, and the simulation result proves the application of this model for RFIC designs.

碩士
國立成功大學
電腦與通信工程研究所
93
This thesis presents the research on two sections. One is the WLAN antennas fabricated on FR-4 PCB board, including 5.8GHz and 2.4/5.8GHz dual-band horizontal polarized omni-directional planar printed antennas, and 2.4 GHz meander-line printed antenna. The other is the RFIC CMOS on-chip antennas fabricated by a TSMC standard 0.18μm CMOS process, incluing 2.4 GHz CMOS RFIC on-chip antenna for RFID application and 60 GHz printed dipole antenna with integrated balun. The HFSS 3-D EM simulator is employed for design simulation. 5.8GHz horizontal polarized omni-directional antenna consists of two Z-shaped strips printed on the top and bottom plane of the printed-circuit board (PCB). A coaxial cable is used to connect the central feed point of the top and bottom strips. Due to structure symmetry, the antenna currents establish a square-"loop"-type current distribution, and hence this "loop"-type current distribution will radiate a horizontally polarized field and is expected to have an omnidirectional pattern. The dual-band horizontal polarized omni-directional antenna adopts the same configuration. 2.4GHz meander-line planar printed antenna is originated from monopole antenna. In order to make the antenna size small, we bend the antenna according to mender-line configurations. The total length is approach to 1/4 wavelength. About the planar printed antennas, the measured VSWR is less than 2 and the radiation patternin at H-plane is omni-directional in the application frequency range. 2.4GHz on-chip antenna designs according to spiral antenna configuration. The difference between simulated and measured average antenna gain is above 20dB due to the influence on the metal and ground on the FR-4 test board. About the measurement of very small antenna gain needs more advanced research. 60GHz millimeter-wave CMOS RFIC-on-chip dipole antenna with integrated Balun uses the microstrip via-hole balun to make the feed portion of the dipole antenna have a phase difference of 180 degree. In the appendix, we introduce the bandwidth restriction of electrically small antenna and do the verification and discussion corresponding to 2.4GHz on-chip antenna.

碩士
國立成功大學
微電子工程研究所碩博士班
90
In this thesis, the characteristics of on-chip inductors, transformers, and baluns are simulated using the electromagnetic simulation tool, Ensemble. All of inductors and transformers are fabricated in the standard silicon process with six metal layers. The simulated results are accurate only when process parameters used in Ensemble, such as the metal conductivity, metal thickness, oxide thickness between the top metal and the substrate, and substrate conductivity, are well calibrated. Employing measured inductors to calibrate process parameters is due to the fact that the performance of the inductor is significantly affected by the silicon substrate loss. Moreover, simulating one transformer consumes much more time than simulating one inductor. Before the calibration of process parameters, effects of process parameters on the inductor performance within the process variation are observed by using one simulated inductor. Comparisons between measured and simulated results of two inductors show that process parameters are well calibrated. Seven interleaved transformers are measured and simulated to further verify whether process parameters are well calibrated or not. At the same time, effects of the number of turn and the inner diameter on the transformer performance are analyzed. For these seven transformers, simulation results well agree with measurement results as well. It means that process parameters are well calibrated for certain. Finally, two different structures of baluns can be designed and simulated accurately using well-calibrated process parameters. Also, simulated results of baluns are analyzed and discussed.

This dissertation focuses on the development of next generation wireless communications at millimeter-wave and sub-terahertz frequencies. As wireless providers experience a bandwidth shortage and cellular subscribers demand faster data rates and more reliable service, a push towards unused carriers fre- quencies such as 28 GHz, 60 GHz, and 180 GHz will alleviate network conges- tion while simultaneously providing massive bandwidths to consumers. This dissertation summarizes research in understanding millimeter-wave wireless propagation, the design and fabrication of millimeter-wave and sub-terahertz on-chip antenna arrays on an integrated circuit semiconductor process, and the accurate measurement of on-chip antenna radiation patterns in a wafer probe station environment.
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碩士
國立成功大學
電腦與通信工程研究所
102
This thesis presents the research of millimeter-wave (MMW) CMOS on-chip antennas fabricated using TSMC 90-nm and 0.18-μm CMOS standard process. The three-dimensional (3D) EM simulator HFSS is used for design and simulation. The designed MMW on-chip antennas including: (1) a 60-GHz CMOS integrated on-chip artificial-magnetic-conductor (AMC) spiral monopole-antenna with compact folded loop dual-mode bandpass filter; (2) a 60-GHz CMOS AMC bandpass-filtering spiral monopole-antenna; (3) a 77-GHz CMOS AMC 1×2 folded dipole antenna array; (4) a 60-GHz CMOS AMC 2×2 monopole-antenna phased array receiving subsystem with integrated aariable-gain low-noise amplifier (VG-LNA) and phase shifter. The AMC structures are utilized in the designed on-chip antenna to reduce the CMOS substrate loss and improve radiation efficiencies. The measured performances of the designed MMW on-chip antennas are all conducted by the on-wafer measurement setup.

碩士
中原大學
工業與系統工程研究所
107
Wire & Cable have been used to transmit power signal for years in our energy construction. Cable combines with two parts - the inner core consists of a specific number of strands that carry electric signal, and the outer layer jacket is made up of protective insulators. When the temperature of the inner layer rises, it will easy cause cable failure or malfunction. Then it needs engineering staff to remove the cable from device at the scene, which is time-consuming, labor-saving and hard to be prevented. Most of all, this unpredictable damage may result in customer losses and goodwill damage. However, we cannot know the inner heat and damage degrees via observing cable exterior. With the view to understanding the operational status instantly, this research uses cable-embed sensitive RFID chip to read the temperature variety as instant monitor. This application of RFID can find damage in the early stages and replace cable in advance. To pursue more stable product result, accurate and effective process conditions become main key points. This study apply stage systematic architecture of sigma method：define, measure, analyze, improve and control to solve the problems in cable extrusion process. Take Reeling Cable (47.86mm diameter) on as the object of the research, the outcome of RFID cable appears eight essential quality factors. Make use of Taguchi Method, DOE (Design of Experiment), L18 orthogonal table find the best spot for implanting sensitive RFID chip. That lets RFID chip reach the highest optimization of sense molding conditions, makes CPK (Process Capability Index) rise from 0.55 to 1.57 and verify the best process parameters to improve manufacturing yield.

碩士
國立成功大學
電腦與通信工程研究所
95
The thesis presents the research on two sections. The first is the 60 GHz millimeter-wave RFIC-on-chip antennas fabricated with TSMC 0.18-μm CMOS process. The antennas include a triangular monopole, a meander-line monopole, two slot antennas and a Yagi antenna. A feeding network is designed in coplanar waveguide (CPW) technology. The second is the design of a 915-MHz printed meander-line antenna and investigation of body effect on antenna radiation characteristics for wireless biometry application. The measured VSWR of the triangular monopole antenna is less than 2 from 50 to 65 GHz. The measured maximum antenna power gain at 60 GHz is about -8.4 dB. The chip size is 1.0 × 0.81 mm2. The measured VSWR of the meaner-line monopole antenna is less than 2.2 from 55 to 65 GHz. The measured maximum antenna power gain at 60 GHz is about -12.3 dB. The chip size is 1.0 × 0.865 mm2. The measured VSWR of the folded-slot antenna is less than 2 from 55 to 65 GHz. The measured maximum antenna power gain at 60 GHz is about -6.4 dB. The chip size is 1.3 × 1.3 mm2. The measured VSWR of the miniaturized slot antenna is less than 2 from 55 to 65 GHz. The measured maximum antenna power gain at 60 GHz is about -9.3 dB. The chip size is 1.0 × 0.95 mm2. The measured VSWR of the Yagi antenna is less than 2 from 55 to 65 GHz. The simulated radiation pattern of E-plane performed an end-fire pattern, and the front-to-back ratio is approximately 9 dB. The measured maximum antenna power gain at 60 GHz is about -10.6 dB. The chip size is 1.39 × 1.35 mm2. A 915-MHz meander-line printed antenna for the biometry applications the investigation of the body effect on the antenna radiation characteristics is presented. The human tissue includes single layer of muscle and three layers tissue. From the simulated results, it can be observed that the induced current in fat layer is very small due to the lowest dielectric constant and conductivity. After add floating metal, the absorbed energy of human tissue will be reduced.