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Journal articles on the topic 'Riot control'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 June 2025

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1

Thiruppathi, R., S. Udayaprathap, m. Suryaprakash, k. Naveenprasanth, and M. Velraj. "DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ANTI-RIOT CONTROL SHIELD." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, no. 4 (2022): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v07i04.008.

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Riots are these days a district of each civilized society. Disagreement for state selections, non secular intolerance, events, hateful content etc are a number of the most reasons which will simply spark riots. To handle a riot police, army should be ready to pacify/disperse the group while not harming them. To unravel this issue we tend to here style a wise anti-riot protect that permits police personnel repel/arrest rioters while not harming themselves or the rioters. The good protect makes use of non-injurious techniques alongside few alternative options for this purpose. The protect may be a one arm light-weight weight protect created of aluminum for cover against bullets and stones. so the protect provides an answer to protection from riots.

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2

Hutahaean, Erik Saut H., Djamaloedin Ancok, Matrissya Hermita, and Dian Kemala Putri. "Regulation of Emotions in Crowd Control Police." Asian Social Work Journal 7, no. 4 (2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47405/aswj.v7i4.218.

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Emotion is an important factor for achieving positive performance. Especially crowd control police performance. In certain situations, there is confrontation and violence. A narrative of riots was created, because police clashed with demonstrators. The emotion regulation and their physiological indicators becomes a co-occurring phenomenon in a riot of demonstrations. Police anger in violent demonstration situations needs to be clearly mapped. This study intends to map the dominance of emotion regulation by involving heart rate indicators. Riot demonstration stimulus was given to participants to stimulate aggressive impulses, heart rate was measured when participants watched the video. Research participants come from Crowd Control Police in the Jakarta working area. Research data is tested by correlating emotion regulation with heart rate, provocation, and impulsive aggression. The results found the dominance of emotion regulation to other variables. The pulsating impulse of the riot stimulus effect is suppressed by emotion regulation. Research findings recommend the need to optimize the role of emotion regulation in dealing with violent demonstration situations. Optimization is done to apply emotion regulation consistently. Optimization to apply emotion regulation consistently

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3

Giovanello, Sean. "Riot Control Agents and Chemical Weapons Arms Control." Journal of Strategic Security 5, no. 4 (2012): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.5.4.1.

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4

Kutmanaliev, Joldon. "Public and communal spaces and their relation to the spatial dynamics of ethnic riots." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 35, no. 7/8 (2015): 449–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijssp-02-2015-0027.

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Purpose – This paper is one of the first attempts to explain the local dynamics of the 2010 ethnic riots in Kyrgyzstan. No scholarly work has attempted to systematically analyze the 2010 ethnic violence and its local dynamics on the neighborhood scale. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on this gap by analyzing neighborhoods’ responses to the emerging violence in the city of Osh. In order to do this, the author compares two typical neighborhoods in Osh, one violent and the other non-violent, with different spatial structures and built environments that demonstrate/represent similar dynamics of riots in many other neighborhoods. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical findings of this paper are based on the ethnographic fieldwork the author carried out in 2010 and between 2012 and 2014. During nine months (in total) of the author’s ethnographic fieldwork, the author conducted around 60 semi-structured interviews in Osh city mainly with community leaders. In the author’s interview sampling, the author used two approaches: the snowball method and geographically/territorially representative sampling. Findings – The author argues that among other factors, a particular type of public space provides favorable conditions for riot occurrence or non-occurrence. For example, in Osh, such places as areas around the central bazaar and densely populated multi-story building complexes were especially riot-prone. By contrast, residential areas with individual-unit houses and low residential mobility represented communally private spaces with more easy riot-control. In addition, some residential areas implemented strategies such as physical self-isolation to avoid violence. By restricting freedom of movement and erecting improvised barricades, the residents of such neighborhoods created a temporally new space with its own rules and interethnic cooperation. Originality/value – This paper suggests new insights in the analysis of riots by connecting theoretical categories and concepts of space provided by scholars of contentious politics and applying them to the case of the 2010 ethnic riots in Osh city. By analyzing riot dynamics on the neighborhood scale, this research contributes to the understanding of the spatial dynamics of ethnic riots.

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5

Kaszeta, Dan. "Restrict use of riot-control chemicals." Nature 573, no. 7772 (2019): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-02594-5.

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6

Apolinarski, Witold. "The use of crowd and riot control squads in modern police operations." Internal Security Special Issue (June 4, 2019): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2185.

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Within the structure of the Polish Police, as a formation statutorily responsible for the protection of health, life and property of citizens, there are crowd and riot control squads (Pol. pododdziały zwarte). These are police organisational units , also referred to as riot police units (Pol. OPP - Oddziały Prewencji Policji) and independent riot police subunits (Pol. SPPP - Samodzielne Pododdziały Prewencji Policji). Their main advantage is the possibility of deploying several thousand police officers to respond to various events in a relatively short period of time and, if necessary, to broadly understood threats to the security of citizens. This is achieved by the use of appropriate mechanisms for maintaining readiness to act and achieving higher levels of readiness, as well as due to an organisational structure based on the military model, mobility based on available means of transport, a system of specialist trainings and modularity and compatibility with other police squads. Quite a wide range of opportunities to act in situations of existing threats to people and the environment raises the question of the quality and possibilities for the development of this structure, its strengths, as well as difficulties that emerge, both in terms of a direct involvement in various forms of police action, as well as those relating to the real condition of the structure, in the context of forces and measures available to the squads in question. At this point, it is necessary to mention other police structures referred to as police squads which include officers who daily perform different prevention activities (e.g. they occupy the posts of patrol and responding officers at county and municipal police headquarters). These are so-called irregular riot police units (Pol. NOP - Nieetatowe Oddziały Prewencji) and irregular riot police subunits (Pol. NPP - Nieetatowe Pododdziały Prewencji); however, their role and operational rules are not the subject matter, and the main issue under consideration is so-called regular units, whose officers remain in the structures of riot police units and independent riot police subunits.

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7

Das, Sanghita, Achintya Saha, Pompy Patowary, et al. "Assessment of toxicological consequences upon acute inhalation exposure to chemically improvised nonlethal riot control combinational formulation (NCF) containing oleoresin capsicum and skatole." Toxicology Research 10, no. 6 (2021): 1129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxres/tfab095.

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Abstract Sensory irritation is an acute adverse effect leading to temporary disability posed by riot control agents in various deployable forms are utilized by defense personal in violent mob attacks but their irreversible toxic effects and risk assessment have been a matter of concern. These intimidating risks of available riot control agents have led to exploring the pulmonary toxicity profile of the oil in water emulsion formulation developed for vicious crowd controls containing an irritant oleoresin capsicum, a malodorant (skatole), and a commercial dye, followed by characterization using standard methods. Nonlethal riot control combinational formulation (NCF) has been aimed to be the best possible low-lethal alternative for riot control measures. In this study, 30 min of acute inhalation exposure of NCF was given to Wistar rats and various respiratory parameters like lung dynamics, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytological assays, pro-inflammatory cytokines estimation, antioxidant activity, collagen accumulation, cytotoxicity, in vivo lung imaging, western blot, histology of lung tissue, etc. were investigated to validate its potentiality and rate of irritation reversibility as nonlethal agents. An exaggerated physiological change like sensory irritation, changes in lung functional variables, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, etc. were noticed initially without airway obstruction as the expression of nociceptive TRPV1 protein did not alter the physiological regulation of protective proteins like Nrf2 and HO-1 and also no abnormality was found in lung tissue architecture. In conclusion, it can be stated that this formulation can be explored as a nonlethal riot control agent intending to generate discomfort but with early reversibility of sensory irritation and no recurrence of toxicity.

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Kwon, Hyuk Eun. "The Origins of Riot Control in 5·18 Uprisings: Riot Control training, Special Warfare Forces, and Counterinsurgency." Critical Studies on Modern Korean History, no. 44 (October 2020): 11–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.36432/csmkh.45.202104.1.

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9

Patočka, Jiří, and Kamil Kuča. "PELARGONIC ACID VANILYLLAMIDE (PAVA): RIOT CONTROL AGENT." Military Medical Science Letters 80, no. 2 (2011): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31482/mmsl.2011.011.

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10

de Torres, Juan P., Víctor Correa, Jacob Rosquete, and Tomás Febles. "Riot control agents and their respiratory effects." Respiratory Medicine Extra 2, no. 1 (2006): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmedx.2005.10.005.

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11

Lei, Yinze, Jing Xie, Zu'an Wang, María González-García, Pengwan Chen, and Daniel Rittel. "Can riot-control water cannon be lethal?" International Journal of Engineering Science 199 (June 2024): 104060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2024.104060.

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12

Lockard, Roget. ""Self-Will Run Riot"." Janus Head 6, no. 2 (2003): 190–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jh2003622.

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This paper proposes that the major national/cultural states of consciousness in the world today are characterized by an addictive epistemology — the corruption of will into willfulness. The essence of addiction is seen to reside in the issue of control While World War II had a singularly "intoxicating" effect on the world's consciousness, the war in Vietnam was an occasion when this consciousness "hit bottom." The hitting bottom event is not a function of objective circumstances, but of consciousness; of the subjective interpretation and experience of phenomena. To resolve this addictive consciousness we need to learn, as individuals and en masse, to surrender control and accept responsibility. Because addiction, and its resolution, hinge on transformations of the experience of self, wefind that questions regarding the nature of selfhood and identity once considered philosophical recreations have become urgently pragmatic.

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13

Roy, Souvik, Sukanta Das, and Abhik Mukherjee. "Elementary Cellular Automata along with Delay Sensitivity Can Model Communal Riot Dynamics." Complex Systems 31, no. 3 (2022): 341–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25088/complexsystems.31.3.341.

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This paper explores the potential of elementary cellular automata to model the dynamics of riot. Here, to model such dynamics, we introduce probabilistic loss of information and delay perturbation in the updating scheme of automata to capture sociological parameters—presence of anti-riot population and organizational presence of communal forces in the rioting society, respectively. Moreover, delay has also been incorporated in the model to capture the nonlocal interaction of neighbors. Finally, the model is verified by an event of riot that occurred in Baduria of West Bengal, India.

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14

Omer Farooq, Muhammad. "RIoT: A Routing Protocol for the Internet of Things†." Computer Journal 63, no. 6 (2020): 958–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxaa012.

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Abstract The routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL) is a standard routing framework for Internet of Things (IoT). It supports multipoint-to-point (MP-to-P), point-to-point (P-to-P) and point-to-multipoint (P-to-MP) communications. It is known that RPL’s control overhead can result in the protocol’s poor performance in P-to-P and P-to-MP communications especially in its non-storing mode of operation. Here, we present a routing protocol for the Internet of Things (RIoT) that supports MP-to-P, P-to-P and P-to-MP communications. The protocol can construct P-to-P and P-to-MP routes with relatively lower control overhead. Another salient feature of RIoT is that it supports multiple gateways in the same network with an aim to reduce memory requirement for storing a forwarding table. Furthermore, RIoT is also capable of handling mobility-based IoT use cases. To facilitate communication among nodes connected to different gateways in the same network, here we also present an inter-gateway communication mechanism. We implemented RIoT in the Contiki operating system, and it is extensively evaluated using emulation and real testbed-based experiments. We analyzed the impact of the number of gateways, radio duty cycling (RDC) and mobility on the routing protocols’ performance. Our results demonstrate that either with or without RDC RIoT demonstrates statistically significantly better packet delivery ratio, per-packet end-to-end delay and control overhead compared to the RPL-based protocol. RIoT’s multi-gateway communication architecture substantially reduces the memory requirement to store a forwarding table. Our results also demonstrate that multiple gateways in a network reduce the network partitioning problem in mobile scenarios. Hence, RIoT also demonstrates better performance in mobile scenarios compared to the RPL-based protocol.

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15

Wani, AbrarA, AltafU Ramzan, Yawar Shoib, et al. "Stray bullet: An accidental killer during riot control." Surgical Neurology International 2, no. 1 (2011): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2152-7806.84769.

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16

Roth, Victor S., and Alfred Franzblau. "RADS After Exposure to a Riot-Control Agent." Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine 38, no. 9 (1996): 863–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199609000-00003.

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17

Green, Christopher, Farrha B. Hopkins, Christopher D. Lindsay, James R. Riches, and Christopher M. Timperley. "Painful chemistry! From barbecue smoke to riot control." Pure and Applied Chemistry 89, no. 2 (2017): 231–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2016-0911.

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AbstractPain! Most humans feel it throughout their lives. The molecular mechanisms underlying the phenomenon are still poorly understood. This is especially true of pain triggered in response to molecules of a certain shape and reactivity present in the environment. Such molecules can interact with the sensory nerve endings of the eyes, nose, throat and lungs to cause irritation that can range from mild to severe. The ability to alert to the presence of such potentially harmful substances has been termed the ‘common chemical sense’ and is thought to be distinct from the senses of smell or taste, which are presumed to have evolved later. Barbecue a burger excessively and you self-experiment. Fatty acids present in the meat break off their glycerol anchor under the thermal stress. The glycerol loses two molecules of water and forms acrolein, whose assault on the eyes is partly responsible for the tears elicited by smoke. Yet the smell and taste of the burger are different experiences. It was this eye-watering character of acrolein that prompted its use as a warfare agent during World War I. It was one of several ‘lachrymators’ deployed to harass, and the forerunner of safer chemicals, such as ‘tear gas’ CS, developed for riot control. The history of development and mechanism of action of some sensory irritants is discussed here in relation to recent advice from the Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) on chemicals that conform to the definition of a riot control agent (RCA) under the Chemical Weapons Convention.

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18

Cunneen, Chris, and Mark Findlay. "The Functions of Criminal Law in Riot Control." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 19, no. 3 (1986): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486588601900304.

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19

Olajos, Eugene J., and Harry Salem. "Riot control agents: pharmacology, toxicology, biochemistry and chemistry." Journal of Applied Toxicology 21, no. 5 (2001): 355–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jat.767.

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20

El Warea, Mohamad, Roula Sasso, Rana Bachir, and Mazen El Sayed. "Riots in Beirut: Description of the Impact of a New Type of Mass Casualty Event on the Emergency System in Lebanon." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 13, no. 5-6 (2019): 849–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2018.162.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction:In the summer of 2015, Beirut experienced a garbage crisis that led to rioting. Riot control measures resulted in multiple casualties. This study examines injury patterns of riot victims presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary care center in a developing country.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted in the emergency department of the American University of Beirut Medical Center between August 22 and August 30, 2015. Patients seen in the emergency department with riot injuries were included. Patient characteristics, injuries, and resources utilized in the emergency department were analyzed.Results:Ninety-five patients were identified. Most patients presented to the emergency department within a short time period. The mean age of the patients was 28.0 ± 8.7 years. Most (90.5%) of the patients were males and 92.6% were protestors. Emergency medical services were utilized by 41.0% of patients. Laceration was the most common presenting complaint (28.5%), and blunt trauma was the most common type of injury (50.5%). The head/face/neck was the most common injured body region (55.8%). Most patients did not require blood tests or procedures (91.6% and 61.0%, respectively), and 91.2% of patients were treated in the emergency department and discharged. One patient required intensive care unit admission and another was dead on arrival.Conclusions:Most patients had mild injuries on presentation. The emergency department experienced a high influx of patients. Complications and deaths can occur from seemingly nonlethal weapons used during riots and warrant effective prehospital and hospital disaster planning.

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Ahmad, Shahbaz. "Countering the Hate Design - Facilitating Peace and Harmony." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 12, no. 1 (2024): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v12i1.7814.

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Communal riots generally happen due to the previous existence of a communal ideology in the society. The hard-core communalists are hate mongers who, by their fiery speeches and provocative statements create a situation which is very conducive for riots o break. The role of the police during communal riots has not been found to be very satisfactory. But, in spite of all odds, there have been people, bodies and organisations which have exhibited compassion and courage during riots and have saved the lives of people. Such people and organisations are role-models who need to be emulated. In riots, the leadership of the police is very crucial. The Indian Police Service officers need to exhibit more of courage, boldness and grit in helping the poor and the victims of riots. A new riot control culture has to develop. The responsibility of maintaining communal harmony lies with all sections of people and organisations. Each of us need to contribute our might to combat the design of Hate and facilitate Peace and Harmony.

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22

TOPRAK, Sadik, John HART, Peter CLEVESTİG, Gökhan ERSOY, and Burak GÜMÜŞ. "Mid to Longer-term Harmful Effects of Riot Control Agents." Medical Journal of Western Black Sea 4, no. 3 (2020): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29058/mjwbs.2020.3.1.

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23

Flores Ledesma, Antonio. "Tonight we riot. Representación y control videolúdica de la multitud." Barataria. Revista Castellano-Manchega de Ciencias Sociales, no. 29 (November 14, 2020): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20932/barataria.v0i29.564.

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La multitud se ha convertido en un elemento político importante en la actualidad, y el videojuego ha recogido el testigo y se ha encargado de representarla y de hacerla un personaje más en sus obras. En el presente trabajo se van a abordar una serie de obras recientes que implementan a la multitud como personaje jugable para observar el modo en nos representamos como colectivo en ellas. No sólo hay que tener en cuenta el avance técnico que supone la representación dinámica de una pluralidad de individuos que se mueven conjuntamente, sino también —y sobre todo— la forma en que se representa a la multitud como sujeto político, que es, a fin de cuentas, una representación de la realidad.

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Flores Ledesma, Antonio. "Tonight we riot. Representación y control videolúdica de la multitud." Barataria. Revista Castellano-Manchega de Ciencias Sociales, no. 29 (November 14, 2020): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20932/barataria.vi29.564.

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La multitud se ha convertido en un elemento político importante en la actualidad, y el videojuego ha recogido el testigo y se ha encargado de representarla y de hacerla un personaje más en sus obras. En el presente trabajo se van a abordar una serie de obras recientes que implementan a la multitud como personaje jugable para observar el modo en nos representamos como colectivo en ellas. No sólo hay que tener en cuenta el avance técnico que supone la representación dinámica de una pluralidad de individuos que se mueven conjuntamente, sino también —y sobre todo— la forma en que se representa a la multitud como sujeto político, que es, a fin de cuentas, una representación de la realidad.

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25

Kostakos, Giorgios, A. J. R. Groom, Sally Morphet, and Paul Taylor. "Britain and the new UN agenda: towards global riot control?" Review of International Studies 17, no. 1 (1991): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500112343.

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The fading away of the Cold War has allegedly shifted the attention of the Western members of the United Nations, as demonstrated by General Assembly speeches, towards issues like the environment, drugs and terrorism. The new issues moving towards the top of the international security agenda are more elusive than the traditional Peace- and War-related ones; nobody has control of a ‘button’ regarding these issues. An overall assessment of the situation shows that there is a great variety of actors involved, both governmental and non-governmental. It is also increasingly recognized that the East has similar interests to the West. As a result, the East–West divide is being bridged to a significant extent, while the North–South divide is being defined in new ways.

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Loadenthal, Michael. "Now That Was A Riot!: Social Control in Felonious Times." Global Society 34, no. 1 (2019): 128–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2019.1670142.

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27

Warden, Craig R. "Respiratory Agents: Irritant Gases, Riot Control Agents, Incapacitants, and Caustics." Critical Care Clinics 21, no. 4 (2005): 719–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccc.2005.05.008.

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28

Rogers, John D. "The 1866 Grain Riots in Sri Lanka." Comparative Studies in Society and History 29, no. 3 (1987): 495–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500014699.

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Until fairly recently, grain riots were viewed as spontaneous reactions of the poor to hunger, not worthy of detailed analysis. Over the past twenty years, partially as a result of pioneering studies by George Rudé and Edward Thompson with reference to France and Britain, a considerable body of scholarly writing about these disturbances has appeared. Consistent cross-cultural patterns have emerged from this research. Grain riots were not necessarily a product of hunger, although they were a facet of struggles over the control of food. They have normally taken one of two forms. One was the market riot, where the crowd protested against the price or lack of availability of grain. Such disturbances often commenced with the offer to buy grain at a “just” or “customary” price. If this demand was not met, more drastic action was taken. Sometimes rioters seized grain and sold it to the crowd for a just price, and then turned the receipts over to the owners of the grain. More often grain was strewn about, destroyed, or stolen. The second main form of grain riot was the blockade. In times of shortage, people prevented the export of grain from a town or district because they believed that merchants and landlords should not benefit from scarcity and that such exports would drive up the price locally. Sometimes retributive action accompanied or followed both types of protest, meting out punishment to traders, landlords, or others who were perceived as wrongly profiting from food shortages. Such action usually took the form of wholesale looting. In general, grain rioters avoided serious violence.

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Dr. Dalliandeep Kaur Tiwana. "Communal Violence in India and Legislative framework to Control Riots: A Chronological Study." Legal Research Development an International Refereed e-Journal 7, no. I (2022): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53724/lrd/v7n1.11.

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Communal violence in India is reality since time immemorial. India being the secular country is home to the different religions and cultures. Mutual tolerance and inter-dependence upon each other irrespective of the religion used to be the essence of the Indian society. With the advent of British rule in India the policy of divide and rule was launched in the nation. People started fighting on the name of the caste and religion. Violence based on religion and caste has become a distinctive feature of Indian democratic setup today. The incident can only be regarded as communal riot if there is element of violence in it. Prior to the independence we had witnessed number of communal riots in the country and even after independence also. The present research work is an attempt to analyze the incidences of communal violence in India in a chronological order and to trace the real reasons behind such violence. Researcher has also made an attempt to look into legislative provisions available to compact such violence in India

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30

Anderson, Peter D. "Emergency Management of Chemical Weapons Injuries." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 25, no. 1 (2011): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190011420677.

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The potential for chemical weapons to be used in terrorism is a real possibility. Classes of chemical weapons include nerve agents, vesicants (blister agents), choking agents, incapacitating agents, riot control agents, blood agents, and toxic industrial chemicals. The nerve agents work by blocking the actions of acetylcholinesterase leading to a cholinergic syndrome. Nerve agents include sarin, tabun, VX, cyclosarin, and soman. The vesicants include sulfur mustard and lewisite. The vesicants produce blisters and also damage the upper airways. Choking agents include phosgene and chlorine gas. Choking agents cause pulmonary edema. Incapacitating agents include fentanyl and its derivatives and adamsite. Riot control agents include Mace and pepper spray. Blood agents include cyanide. The mechanism of toxicity for cyanide is blocking oxidative phosphorylation. Toxic industrial chemicals include agents such as formaldehyde, hydrofluoric acid, and ammonia.

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Yevsieiev, V. O., R. V. Butko, and Ye I. Honcharov. "SPECIAL-PURPOSE VEHICLES OF FOREIGN LAW ENFORCEMENT FORCES: RIOT CONTROL VEHICLES." Scientific notes of Taurida National V.I. Vernadsky University. Series: Technical Sciences 2, no. 1 (2021): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.32838/2663-5941/2021.1-2/14.

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Timperley, Christopher M., Jonathan E. Forman, Pal Åas, et al. "Advice from the Scientific Advisory Board of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons on riot control agents in connection to the Chemical Weapons Convention." RSC Advances 8, no. 73 (2018): 41731–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra08273a.

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Chemicals that meet the criteria of a riot control agent as defined by the Chemical Weapons Convention (an international chemical disarmament and non-proliferation treaty) are reviewed by the Scientific Advisory Board of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.

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Dionne, Jean-Philippe, Ismail El Maach, Ahmed Shalabi, and Aris Makris. "A Method for Assessing the Overall Impact Performance of Riot Helmets." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 19, no. 3 (2003): 246–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.19.3.246.

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The objective of the present paper is to investigate the overall impact performance of various riot helmets in a comparative study. The National Institute of Justice (NIJ-0104.02) and the Canadian Standards Association (CSA-Z611-02) standards regulate the use of riot helmets in North America. Both sets of standards have a number of requirements for impact performance. Impact tests carried out with the use of a drop tower apparatus compliant with NIJ test protocols demonstrated large differences in impact attenuation level among the helmets from six manufacturers in terms of frontal and lateral impacts to the shell, and face-shield deflection. For instance, the impact energy yielding a head form acceleration of 300 g’s was measured for each helmet for frontal impacts on the helmet shell. Values ranging from 69 J up to 171 J were obtained. The energy levels of typical crowd-control threats, e.g., baton blows and projectiles, were quantified and compared with the impact energy values used in the standards. It is observed that the NIJ face-shield deflection requirement is low as compared to actual riot threats, whereas the CSA requirements are more in line with these threats. A novel method was devised to objectively assign a global impact performance score to each helmet. This method takes into account the frontal and lateral impacts to the shell as well as the face-shield deflection tests. It is based on the directional origin of the threat and the geometry of the helmets (frontal percentage area of the visor). From these global performance scores, it is possible to obtain a ranking of the various riot helmets used in the present comparative study. Based on the analysis of the global scores, it was found that appropriate protection of the face (through an impact resistant visor) is the key feature for a helmet that will be used in riot environments.

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Campbell, Brittany C., Yvette Ong, Jarrod Eska, et al. "Implementation of an enhanced recovery program framework in medical oncology." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 27_suppl (2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.27_suppl.66.

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66 Background: Enhanced recovery programs (ERPs) apply multi-modal approaches to manage symptoms, decrease complications, and reduce length of stay (LOS). Widely adopted in surgical settings, there is limited evidence of their implementation in non-surgical patient cohorts. An ERP was implemented in a medical oncology population at a National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer center. The aim of this quality improvement initiative was to evaluate the implementation of an enhanced recovery framework and determine feasibility in medical oncology. Methods: Enhanced recovery in medical oncology (ERMO) was implemented using Plan, Do, Study, Act methodology. Implementation included introduction of integrative medicine, opioid sparing alternatives, fluid and nutrition management, and functional mobility. Outcome measures included symptom distress as measured by the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS), return to intended oncologic therapy (RIOT), LOS, and opioid use, evaluated from January 2017 through April 2018. Results: A total of 50 patients were evaluated during the program implementation, and compared with 49 control patients retrospectively reviewed prior to ERMO implementation. Average LOS for ERMO patients was 7.3 days compared to 5.5 days for the control group. Time to RIOT averaged 18.9 days for control patients (n = 30) versus 20.8 days for ERMO patients (n = 17). Nineteen patients (38%) had a reduction in morphine equivalent daily dose (MEDD) from admission to discharge, with an average MEDD of 328.47 milligrams per patient. Conclusions: ERMO as a framework is feasible. The patient reported outcomes such as ESAS and RIOT, and barriers to implementation, including participant engagement and patient pain management perceptions, should be evaluated in the context of larger clinical trials.

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Young, Gareth James. "Pushing the boundaries: urban unrest as anti-social behaviour." Safer Communities 15, no. 4 (2016): 202–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sc-02-2016-0005.

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Purpose To explore the way in which responses to urban disorder have become part of the anti-social behaviour (ASB herein) toolkit following the 2011 disorders in England. In particular, the purpose of this paper is to unpack the government’s response to the riots through the use of eviction. It is argued that the boundaries of what constitutes ASB, and the geographical scope of the new powers, are being expanded resulting in a more pronounced unevenness of behaviour-control mechanisms being deployed across the housing tenures. Design/methodology/approach Using a qualitative research design, 30 in-depth interviews were undertaken with housing, ASB, and local police officers alongside a number of other practitioners working in related fields. These practitioners were based in communities across east London, the West Midlands and Greater Manchester. This was augmented with a desk-based analysis of key responses and reports from significant official bodies, third sector and housing organisations. Findings Findings from the research show that responses to the 2011 riots through housing and ASB-related mechanisms were disproportionate, resulting in a rarely occurring phenomenon being unnecessarily overinflated. This paper demonstrates, through the lens of the 2011 riots specifically, how the definition of ASB continues to be expanded, rather than concentrated, causing noticeable conflicts within governmental approaches to ASB post-2011. Research limitations/implications This research was undertaken as part of a PhD study and therefore constrained by financial and time implications. Another limitation is that the “riot-clause” being considered here has not yet been adopted in practice. Despite an element of supposition, understanding how the relevant authorities may use this power in the future is important nonetheless. Originality/value Much effort was expended by scholars to analyse the causes of the 2011 riots in an attempt to understand why people rioted and what this says about today’s society more broadly. Yet very little attention has been focused on particular legislative responses, such as the additional riot clause enacted through the Anti-Social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014. This paper focuses on this particular response to explore more recent ways in which people face being criminalised through an expansion of behaviour defined as ASB.

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Kang (姜抮亞), Jin-A. "The Enforcement of Immigration Control in Colonial Korea and the Rise of Nationalism in the Chinese Media." Translocal Chinese: East Asian Perspectives 9, no. 1 (2015): 142–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24522015-00900008.

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This paper investigates how conflicts and tension built up between Chinese migrant workers and Korean residents in colonial Korea (1910-1945). This led up to the enforcement of immigration controls by the Japanese authorities and also to a change of the image of Koreans in the Chinese media. The Japanese government adopted a policy to ban Chinese laborers from mainland Japan. This policy implied also, that, by contrast, the Government General of Korea should accommodate Chinese laborers to some extent, as long as the Chinese government accepted Korean people to inhabit and cultivate Manchuria. However, the competition between Chinese and Korean laborers became stronger and the Korean resentment against Chinese wealth in Korea also deepened the emotional gap between the Koreans and the Chinese as time passed. Along with these factors, the Korean nationalistic judgment, that the Chinese authorities oppressed Korean tenant farmers in Manchuria led to the first widespread anti-Chinese riots in Korea in 1927. Furthermore, the Wanbaoshan Incident in 1931 ignited Koreans’ anti-Chinese sentiment, which resulted in bloody ethnic riots and the killing of over 100 Chinese immigrants in Korea. Subsequently Chinese perceptions changed dramatically from Koreans as oppressed victims of Japanese imperialism to their collaborators. The subsequent Mukden Incident cemented this image decisively. However, the anti-Chinese riot not only was ignited by the nationalistic sentiment agitated over Chinese oppression in Manchuria, but also stemmed from long-lasting ethnic discord in colonial Korea. (This article is in English.)

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Dhar, Shabir A., and T. A. Dar. "Can a projectile-based riot control method ever be truly non-lethal?" Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 163, no. 2 (2017): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2016-000736.

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Pereira, Flavio, Roger de Moraes, Diogo Van Bavel, Andrea De Lorenzo, and Eduardo Tibirica. "Effects of Riot Control Training on Systemic Microvascular Reactivity and Capillary Density." Military Medicine 183, no. 11-12 (2018): e713-e720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usy006.

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Satpute, Ravindra M., Pramod K. Kushwaha, D. P. Nagar, and P. V. L. Rao. "Comparative safety evaluation of riot control agents of synthetic and natural origin." Inhalation Toxicology 30, no. 2 (2018): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2018.1451575.

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Stott, Noel. "Chemical control: Regulation of incapacitating chemical agent weapons, riot control agents and their means of delivery." African Security Review 25, no. 3 (2016): 318–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2016.1194034.

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Nejkovic, Valentina, Nenad Petrovic, Milorad Tosic, and Nenad Milosevic. "Semantic approach to RIoT autonomous robots mission coordination." Robotics and Autonomous Systems 126 (April 2020): 103438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2020.103438.

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Alves, J. C., and A. Santos. "Physiological, haematological and biochemical shifts in police working dogs during a riot control exercise." Comparative Exercise Physiology 12, no. 4 (2016): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep160016.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological, haematological and biochemical shifts that occur in police working dogs during a riot control exercise. The animals (n=17) used were dogs from the Guarda Nacional Republicana (Portuguese Gerndarmerie Unit). Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) were measured and blood samples collected, both before (T0) and immediately after (T1) the exercise. Blood lactate (BL) and blood glucose concentration levels were immediately measured using handheld portable devices and from the blood samples the following parameters were determined: red blood cells, haematocrit, white blood cells, platelets, urea, creatinine, creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total protein, albumin, Ca2+, Na+, K+ and Cl-. Results were submitted to a paired T-test and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to compare different variables. Significant increases occurred in RT (P<0.01), RR (P<0.01), lymphocytes (P<0.05) and creatinine (P<0.05). Other measured parameters showed non-significant variations and no correlation was found between BL and HR and RT – the parameters that can be easily monitored during exercise. The present results consist, to the authors’ knowledge, the first description of the physiological, haematological and biochemical shifts in police working dogs during a riot control exercise. They provide valuable information for the monitoring and future evaluations of this type of work that many police working dogs undergo throughout the world and set a starting point for future studies.

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Schultz, Heath. "All Art is with the Crowd or the Police." Theory in Action 14, no. 1 (2021): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3798/tia.1937-0237.2104.

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Partisan in tone, “All art is with the crowd or the police” draws clear battle lines. This piece of experimental writing collages texts from anti-capitalist activists, corporate news, critical theorists, poets, and press releases to form a quasi-unified voice “from the crowd” that works toward a position against representation. This hybridized voice is juxtaposed with excerpts from a police manual on riot control. The crowd contradicts itself as it grapples with what is possible to produce in struggle; the authoritarian voice of the police outlines methods for containment. Meandering through various events—the blockade, the protest march, the occupation—the conflicted voice weaves together conversations about art, gentrification, violence, whiteness, representation, community, and capitalism. [Article copies available for a fee from The Transformative Studies Institute. E-mail address: journal@transformativestudies.org Website: http://www.transformativestudies.org ©2021 by The Transformative Studies Institute. All rights reserved.] KEYWORDS: Gentrification, Riot, Whiteness, Police, Anarchism.

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Ullrich, Peter. "Data and Obstacle: Police (Non)Visibility in Research on Protest Policing." Surveillance & Society 17, no. 3/4 (2019): 405–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v17i3/4.8517.

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The police, in particular the riot police, can be a rather inaccessible object of investigation, whose reservations towards research are analysed with reference to five barriers: 1) police control of access to the field, 2) the doubly asymmetric research relationship, 3) attempts by the police to steer the process, 4) the sceptical attitude of (potential) interviewees, and 5) the restrained discussion behaviour. However, what appears as a hurdle from a researcher’s perspective allows structures of the object itself to be reconstructed. These include a prevalence of narratives of police “innocence” and “powerlessness” with which resistance against external aspirations for control is buttressed. The police view themselves as constantly being under public scrutiny and being unjustly publicly criticised. In this manner the predominant attitude towards research is reserved if not hostile. The police definitional power in its fields of action is thus partially transferred to research on the police. However, police interference has its limits, and counterstrategies will be set forth. Most data used are from a grounded theory methodology (GTM) project on video surveillance and countersurveillance of demonstrations, based primarily on group discussions and expert interviews with riot police.

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Davison, Neil. "Chemical Control: Regulation of Incapacitating Chemical Agent Weapons, Riot Control Agents and their Means of DeliveryMichael Crowley *." International Review of the Red Cross 97, no. 899 (2015): 923–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383116000187.

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Knight, Jonathan. "Critics slam US over plans to use riot-control chemicals in the Gulf." Nature 422, no. 6930 (2003): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/422363a.

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Gutch, P. K., Pravin Kumar, M. V. S. Suryanarayana, and R. C. Malhotra. "Structure-biological Activity Relationship of Analogues of 2-Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile -A Riot-control Agent." Defence Science Journal 55, no. 4 (2005): 447–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.55.2006.

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Brown, Ben. "Cops and Chaos: A Historical Examination of the Police Role in Riot Control." Journal of Applied Security Research 10, no. 4 (2015): 427–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19361610.2015.1069532.

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Schep, Leo J., R. J. Slaughter, and D. I. McBride. "Riot control agents: the tear gases CN, CS and OC—a medical review." Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 161, no. 2 (2013): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2013-000165.

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Thompson, Krista A. "Performing Visibility: Freaknic and the Spatial Politics of Sexuality, Race, and Class in Atlanta." TDR/The Drama Review 51, no. 4 (2007): 24–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram.2007.51.4.24.

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During the late 1990s, participants in Freaknic, the annual black college spring break gathering, were greeted by the Atlanta police in riot gear. Defying the police, women gave impromptu performances, sometimes stripping for participants' cameras. Thompson shows how these performances were a response not only to the city's treatment of Freaknic but also to Atlanta's long history of using force to control race, gender, and class.

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