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Wong, Yien Ning Sophia, Peter Sankey, Debra Hannah Josephs, Robert J. Jones, Simon J. Crabb, Sandy Beare, Marian Duggan, et al. "Nivolumab and ipilimumab treatment in prostate cancer with an immunogenic signature (NEPTUNES)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): TPS5090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.tps5090.
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TPS5090 Background: Responses to checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) monotherapy in patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) have been limited. This is in part attributed to low tumour mutational burden (TMB) and low tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Previously ~20% patients with prostate cancer have demonstrated high TILs or TMB1. We hypothesize that patients with higher TMB due to mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) or defective DNA damage response (dDDR) and patients with high TILs are more likely to respond to combination CPI with anti PD-1 and anti CTLA-4 therapy. Methods: NEPTUNES is a single arm phase II trial designed to assess the efficacy of nivolumab and ipilimumab in biomarker selected patients with mCRPC that have progressed following ≥1 line of therapy. The immunogenic signature (ImS) biomarker is defined by ≥1 of the following: 1) dMMR by immunohistochemistry (IHC); 2) dDDR detected by the UW-OncoPlex sequencing assay and; 3) high TILs on multiplexed IHC. The UW-OncoPlex assay detects mutations in >260 genes and provides an estimation of TMB. Assuming an ImS+ rate of 20%, we aim to pre-screen 175 patients in order to enrol 35 patients into the main study. The primary endpoint is composite response rate (CRR), achieved if ≥1 of the following criteria are satisfied: 1) radiological response by RECIST 1.1; 2) PSA response ≥50%; 3) conversion of circulating tumour cells (CTC) count from ≥5 cells at baseline to <5 cells at week 9. The treatment will be deemed ineffective if the CRR is <20%. Nivolumab (1 mg/kg) and ipilimumab (3 mg/kg) is dosed every three weeks for up to 4 times, followed by a 480mg flat dose of nivolumab every 4 weeks for up to one year. Baseline biopsies are mandated and paired biopsy at week 12 is encouraged. The secondary endpoints include safety, overall survival, and radiological and PSA progression free survival. Exploratory biological markers including TMB, mutational profiles, change in TILs and liquid biomarkers will be correlated with the primary clinical endpoint. Since opening in February 2018, 126 patients have been pre-screened with 25 ImS+. To date, 9/25 ImS+ patients have been enrolled into the main study. The trial is ongoing, with patient accrual expected to complete by late 2019. References: 1Linch, M., Goh, G., Hiley, C., Shanmugabavan, Y., McGranahan, N., Rowan, A., . . . Swanton, C. (2017). Intratumoural evolutionary landscape of high-risk prostate cancer: the PROGENY study of genomic and immune parameters. Ann Oncol, 28(10), 2472-2480. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdx355. Clinical trial information: NCT03061539.
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Hoff, Emily, Andrea E. Warden, Ruby Taylor, and Ank E. Nijhawan. "1064. Hepatitis C Epidemiology at the Dallas County Jail: A Changing Demographic." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S560—S561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1250.
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Abstract Background Nearly 1 in 3 people living with HCV pass through the CJ system each year. As a result, the CJ system is a crucial location for Hepatitis C screening, education and linkage to care. We aim to 1) identify the prevalence and incidence of HCV and 2) evaluate HCV demographic trends at a large urban jail. Methods Universal opt-out HCV testing was offered in four separate testing cycles from 2015 to 2019 to any individual undergoing a routine blood draw at the Dallas County Jail (N=14490; Figure 1). HCV antibody (Ab) assay (LabCorp) was used with reflex RNA testing added on in 2017. Demographic variables were extracted from the electronic medical record for all tested, with risk factors collected from those who tested positive for HCV Ab (HCV Ab+). Multivariate logistic regression was performed. Figure 1. HCV Ab and HCV RNA positivity among people screened for HCV in the Dallas County Jail from 2015 to 2019 (N=14490). Results The prevalence of HCV Ab+ was 16.7% in the Dallas County Jail; 75.3% of those who tested HCV Ab+ were also HCV RNA+ (Figure 1). The HCV Ab+ incidence rate was 13.5 cases per 1000 person-years. People who were HCV Ab+ were more frequently (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval], p-value): older (1.07 (1.06-1.07), p< 0.001), female (1.24 [1.07-1.44], p=0.004), white (2.12 [1.83-2.45], p< 0.001), and in the birth cohort 1945-65 (1.79 [1.44-2.23], p< 0.001; Table 1). In earlier birth cohorts (1940s), black men were more often HCV Ab+; in more recent birth cohorts (1990s), white and Hispanic females were more often HCV Ab+ (Figure 2). Among individuals who tested HCV Ab+, IDU was more frequently reported by white individuals, particularly women, compared to black individuals (p< 0.001; Figure 3). Table 1. Demographic predictors of Hepatitis C Antibody positivity among those undergoing routine blood draws from 2015-19 at the Dallas County Jail (AIC 7041; BIC 7048; df 10; p<0.001). Figure 2. Trends of Hepatitis C Antibody prevalence and demographic prevalence ratios by birth year (prevalence ratio= proportion with disease/proportion with exposure) among people at the Dallas County Jail screened from 2017-2019 (N=10183). Demographic prevalence ratios were categorized by race (White, Hispanic, Black) and gender (Male, Female) into six categories. Gray bars represent the overall prevalence of HCV Ab+ by birth year. Figure 3. The racial demographics of injection drug use by gender among those who tested HCV Ab positive at the Dallas County Jail in 2017-2018 (n=672; total population p<0.001; male p=0.004; female p=0.008). Conclusion The high prevalence and incidence of HCV at the Dallas County Jail argues for routine, universal testing and linkage to treatment. Additionally, demographic trends mirror the IDU epidemic and have valuable implications for risk reduction and treatment interventions. Disclosures Ank E. Nijhawan, MD, MPH, Gilead (Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator, Research Grant or Support)
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Kuschel, G. "The Nearctic Nemonychidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)." Insect Systematics & Evolution 20, no. 2 (1989): 121–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631289x00276.
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AbstractThe Nemonychidae of the Nearctic Region are revised for the first time. The family is considered to contain the most primitive living weevil species, most of them associated with Araucariaceae, Podocarpaceae and Pinaceae, and spread over four biogeographical regions. The Nearctic fauna is composed of 17 species in five genera placed in two subfamilies, all associated with Pinaceae. The subfamily Rhinorhynchinae, here reported for the first time from the Nearctic, is represented by the new genus Atopomacer and its three species, all new - A. ites (type locality: Estes Park, Colorado), A. hoplites (type locality: Cerro Potosi, Nuevo León, Mexico), and A. orites (type locality: Cerro Potosí, Nuev León, Mexico). The nearest relatives seem to be those known to be associated with Podocarpaceae in New Zealand, Chile and Argentina. The subfamily Doydirhynchinae has 14 species in four genera. All species occur in the United States, and eight are also found in Canada. The only genus shared with the Palearctic is CimberisGozis, which has, apart from the type species C. attelaboides (Fabricius) from Europe, seven species in North America. These are C. bihirsuta Hatch, C. compta (LeConte), C. decipiens sp. n. (type locality: Mariposa County, California), C. elongata (LeConte), C. pallipennis (Blatchley), C. pilosa (LeConte), and C. turbans sp. n. (type locality: Wolverton, Sequoia National Park, California). Cimberis pallipennis is reinstated from synonymy with C. pilosa, and C. parvula Hatch is considered a junior synonym of C. compta. There are three new genera, Pityomacer with three new species - P carmelites (type locality: Carmel, Monterey County, California), P. nugax (type locality: Giant Forest, Tulare County, California), and P. pix (type locality: Vernon, British Columbia); Acromacer, with A. bombifrons (LeConte) transferred from Cimberis; and Lecontellus, proposed for the Nearctic species previously in the Palearctic genus Doydirhynchus Dejean, with the species L. byturoides (LeConte), L. pinicola sp. n. (type locality: W. Woffard Hts, Kern County, California), and L. slevini (Martin).
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Evans, Howard T. "Metamunirite, a new anhydrous sodium metavanadate from San Miguel County, Colorado." Mineralogical Magazine 55, no. 381 (December 1991): 509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1991.055.381.02.
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AbstractMetamunirite, β-NaVO3, is found in cavities in sandstone in San Miguel County, Colorado, occurring as fine, fibrous, colourless needles. X-ray powder and precession photographs show the crystals to be orthorhombic, space group Pnma, with a = 14.134(7), b = 3.648(2), c = 5.357(2) Å. They are optically biaxial positive with nα = 1.780(2) (‖c), nβ = 1.800(2) (‖a), nγ ≫ 185 (‖b, fibre axis; positive elongation), 2Vz moderate. A crystal structure analysis, confirming the previously determined structure of β-NaVO3, shows the presence of (VO3)n chains made up of zig-zag VO5 square pyramids. Metamunirite is probably formed by dehydration of munirite, NaVO3.2H2O.
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Irving, Rachael, Vilma Charlton, Errol Morrison, Aldeam Facey, and Oral Buchanan. "Demographic Characteristics of World Class Jamaican Sprinters." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/670217.
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The dominance of Jamaican sprinters in international meets remains largely unexplained. Proposed explanations include demographics and favorable physiological characteristics. The aim of this study was to analyze the demographic characteristics of world class Jamaican sprinters. Questionnaires administered to 120 members of the Jamaican national team and 125 controls elicited information on place of birth, language, ethnicity, and distance and method of travel to school. Athletes were divided into three groups based on athletic disciplines: sprint (s: 100–400 m;n=80), jump and throw (j/t: jump and throw;n=25) and, middle distance (md: 800–3000 m;n=15). Frequency differences between groups were assessed using chi-square tests. Regional or county distribution of sprint differed from that of middle distance (P<0.001) but not from that of jump and throw athletes (P=0.24) and that of controls (P=0.59). Sprint athletes predominately originated from the Surrey county (s = 46%, j/t = 37%, md = 17, C = 53%), whilst middle distance athletes exhibited excess from the Middlesex county (md = 60%). The language distribution of all groups showed uniformity with a predominance of English. A higher proportion of middle distance and jump and throw athletes walked to school (md = 80%, j/t = 52%, s = 10%, and C = 12%) and travelled greater distances to school. In conclusion, Jamaica’s success in sprinting may be related to environmental and social factors.
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INSULANDER, M., C. SILVERLÅS, M. LEBBAD, L. KARLSSON, J. G. MATTSSON, and B. SVENUNGSSON. "Molecular epidemiology and clinical manifestations of human cryptosporidiosis in Sweden." Epidemiology and Infection 141, no. 5 (August 9, 2012): 1009–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268812001665.
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SUMMARYThis study describes the epidemiology and symptoms in 271 cryptosporidiosis patients in Stockholm County, Sweden. Species/genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment-length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) of theCryptosporidiumoocyst wall protein (COWP) and 18S rRNA genes. Species wereC. parvum(n=111),C. hominis(n=65),C. meleagridis(n=11),C. felis(n=2),Cryptosporidiumchipmunk genotype 1 (n=2), and a recently described species,C. viatorum(n=2). Analysis of the Gp60 gene revealed fiveC. hominisallele families (Ia, Ib, Id, Ie, If), and fourC. parvumallele families (IIa, IIc, IId, IIe). MostC. parvumcases (51%) were infected in Sweden, as opposed toC. hominiscases (26%). Clinical manifestations differed slightly by species. Diarrhoea lasted longer inC. parvumcases compared toC. hominisandC. meleagridiscases. At follow-up 25–36 months after disease onset, 15% of the patients still reported intermittent diarrhoea. In four outbreaks and 13 family clusters, a single subtype was identified, indicating a common infection source, which emphasizes the value of genotyping for epidemiological investigations.
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CANNIZZARO, ANDREW G., and THOMAS R. SAWICKI. "Two new species of the genus Crangonyx Bate, 1859 (Amphipoda: Crangonyctidae) from the St. Marks River Basin with notes on the “Crangonyx floridanus complex”." Zootaxa 4691, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): 301–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4691.4.1.
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Crangonyx ephemerus n. sp. and Crangonyx pseudoephemerus n. sp. are described from the headwaters of the St. Marks River in Leon County, Florida, based on detailed morphological and molecular comparisons with the closely related species Crangonyx floridanus Bousfield, 1963. The morphological and molecular data, including three species delimitation models, lend support to the hypothesis that the taxon C. floridanus sensu lato represents a species complex. Diagnostic morphological characteristics are highlighted and discussed within this group to assist in future morphological analyses.
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Hall, Linda M., Hugh J. Beckie, Ryan Low, Scott W. Shirriff, Robert E. Blackshaw, Nicole Kimmel, and Christoph Neeser. "Survey of glyphosate-resistant kochia (Kochia scoparia L. Schrad.) in Alberta." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 94, no. 1 (January 2014): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2013-204.
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Hall, L. M., Beckie, H. J., Low, R., Shirriff, S. W., Blackshaw, R. E., Kimmel, N. and Neeser, C. 2014. Survey of glyphosate-resistant kochia ( Kochia scoparia L. Schrad.) in Alberta. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 127–130. Glyphosate-resistant (GR) kochia was identified in Warner county in southern Alberta in 2011. To determine the scale of the distribution and frequency of GR kochia, a randomized stratified survey of more than 300 locations (one population per location) in southern Alberta was conducted in the fall of 2012. Mature plants were collected, seed separated, and F1 seedlings screened by spraying with glyphosate at 900 g a.e. ha−1 under greenhouse conditions. Screening confirmed 13 GR kochia sites: seven in Warner county, five in Vulcan county, and one in Taber county. The frequency of GR individuals in a population ranged from 0.3 to 98%. GR kochia were found in arid areas where chemical fallow is a significant component of the rotation. Economic and agronomic impact of this GR weed biotype is compounded because of multiple resistance to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides.
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von Bargen, S., T. Büttner, H. P. Mühlbach, J. Robel, and C. Büttner. "First Report of European mountain ash ringspot-associated virus in Sorbus aucuparia in Norway." Plant Disease 98, no. 5 (May 2014): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-13-0955-pdn.
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In July 2012, leaf mottle and intensive chlorotic ringspots were observed on urban, forest, or roadside mountain ash trees (Sorbus aucuparia L., rowan) of different ages in Norway during visual inspection of native broadleaf forest tree species. Symptoms resembled those caused by European mountain ash ringspot-associated virus (EMARaV), the type-member of the newly established genus Emaravirus, containing segmented ss(-)RNA and infecting woody host species (2). Leaves of nine out of 30 assessed rowan trees exhibiting characteristic symptoms were sampled in the counties of Nordland and Nord-Trøndelag (between 63.511806° and 66.304680°N latitude). Three of them were infested by the potential vector the eriophyid gall mite Phytoptus pyri. EMARaV was detected from total RNA extracts of leaves by reverse transcription-PCR using virus-specific primers amplifying 300 bp of RNA2 and 204 bp of RNA3, respectively (3). PCR fragments were directly sequenced from both ends and submitted to the EMBL database (accession nos. HG428680 to 97). Sequenced fragments comprising the partial gene encoding the glycoprotein-precursor (261 nucleotides of RNA2 omitting primer sequences) obtained from the nine sampled trees showed identities of 97 to 98% to the sequence of the reference strain of EMARaV from Hamburg, Germany (database accession AY563041). Comparison of 159 nucleotides of the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of viral RNA3 of the nine investigated rowans in Norway exhibited higher sequence diversity on nucleotide level (up to 50 nucleotide exchanges, or 31%) as previously reported from EMARaV variants from other European countries (4). When subjected to BLASTn search through GenBank, only three partial RNA3 sequences generated in this study showed sequence identities of 96% to the reference isolate (accession DQ831831). The other six sequences revealed only 68 to 73% identity to RNA3 sequences of EMARaV variants from GenBank. This led to formation of a separate cluster in phylogenetic analysis of partial RNA3 sequences of the six EMARaV variants from Norway when compared to previously characterized strains from the Czech Republic (n = 2), Finland (n = 17), Germany (n = 1), Great Britain (n = 5), Russia (n = 3), and Sweden (n = 10). From three Norwegian samples clustering separately in the tree based on the partial 3′ UTR of RNA3, the partial vRNA1 was amplified by RT-PCR using a generic primer set Motif-A-sense/Motif-C-antisense (1). Sequence analyses of these PCR fragments confirmed the viruses as members of the Emaravirus genus which were most closely related to EMARaV (data not shown). This is the first report of EMARaV in Norway infecting Sorbus aucuparia, a valuable native plant of northern Europe. The data obtained suggest a higher genetic variability of the EMARaV population in mountain ash trees in Norway than in other locations in Central and Northern Europe. However, whether the EMARaV variants identified in this study represent new strains of the virus have to be investigated in the future. References: (1) T. Elbeaino et al. J. Virol. Meth. 188:37, 2013. (2) N. Mielke-Ehret. and H. P. Mühlbach. Viruses 4:1515, 2012. (3) N. Mielke et al. For. Pathol. 38:371, 2008. (4) S. von Bargen et al. For. Pathol. 43: 429, 2013.
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Irimie, Marius. "Risk Factors and Aetiological Agents of Urethritis in Men with Urethritis in Brașov County." BULLETIN OF THE TRANSILVANIA UNIVERSITY OF BRASOV SERIES VI - MEDICAL SCIENCES 13 (62), no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31926/but.ms.2020.62.13.2.5.
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"Introduction: Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of urethritis, they remain a global public health problem worldwide. Patients with urethritis have a higher risk sexual behavior than the general population. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the risk factors and the etiological pathogens of urethritis in men among Brașov county. Patients and methods: A retrospective study was conducted in Medlife-PDR Clinic from Brașov, România, from Jan 2016 to Nov, 2020. 111 male patients aged from 17 to 78 years (mean age 34.5±10.26) presenting with dysuria, micturition discomfort and/or urethral discharge were included in the study. Results: The highest incidence of urethritis was among men aged 21-40 years. The acquisition of urethral infection was related to their young age, low educational level, multiple sexual partners and lack of condom use, most having extramarital relations including commercial sex. N. gonorrhoeae was identified as a causative agent in 18 (16.22%) patients with urethritis, C. trachomatis in 39 (35.14%) patients, Mycoplasma spp. in 5 (4.5%) patients, Ureaplasma spp. in 30 (27.03%) patients, Trichomonas vaginalis in 6 (5.4%) patients. A concurrent infection with N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis was identified in one patient (0.01%). In 12 patients (9.9%) other infectious agents were identified and in one case the aetiological agent could not be identified (0.01%). Conclusion: By identifying risky sexual behaviors, clinicians may be able to provide educational counseling as well as assistance in the diagnosis and treatment of urethritis. "
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SHEAR, WILLIAM A., and WILLIAM P. LEONARD. "Additions to the milliped family Caseyidae. I. Caseya richarti, n. sp., and new records of previously described species in the genus Caseya Cook and Collins 1895 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Caseyidae)." Zootaxa 1524, no. 1 (July 9, 2007): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1524.1.2.
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Caseya richarti, n. sp., from King Co., Washington, USA, is described from two nearby localities in King County, Washington (state), USA. The genus Caseya Cook and Collins 1895, which now includes 25 species and subspecies, occurs from Los Angeles Co, California, USA, north through the Sierra Nevada and Coast Ranges nearly to the Canadian border. New records are given expanding the range of C. borealis Gardner and Shelley 1989 in Washington, and further new records are provided for Caseya megasoma Gardner and Shelley 1989, C. dorada (Chamberlin 1941), C. heteropa disjuncta Gardner and Shelley 1989, C. heteropa oraria Gardner and Shelley 1989, and C. heteropa montana Gardner and Shelley 1989. Additional notes are provided on gonopod nomenclature and the status of subspecies in Caseya.
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Karmarkar, Ellora, Ellora Karmarkar, Kathleen O’Donnell, Christopher Prestel, Kaitlin Forsberg, Kaitlin Forsberg, Douglas K. Schan, et al. "LB1. Regional Assessment and Containment of Candida auris Transmission in Post-Acute Care Settings—Orange County, California, 2019." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz415.2484.
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Abstract Background Patients in long-term acute care hospitals (LTACHs) and skilled nursing facilities with ventilator units (VSNFs) are at high risk for Candida auris colonization; among patients colonized with this emerging pathogen, 5%–10% develop invasive disease with >45% mortality. In September 2018, a California LTACH-affiliated laboratory began enhanced C. auris surveillance by classifying species of Candida isolated from routine urine specimens. In February 2019, the first known Southern California case was detected in an Orange County (OC) LTACH; the patient had not traveled outside the region, indicating local acquisition. We performed point prevalence surveys (PPS) and infection prevention (IP) assessments at all OC LTACHs and VSNF subacute units to identify patients colonized with C. auris and control transmission. Methods During March–August 2019, we conducted PPS at facilities by collecting composite axilla and groin swabs for C. auris polymerase chain reaction testing and reflex culture from all patients who assented. Facilities with ≥1 C. auris-colonized patient repeated a PPS every 2 weeks to assess for new transmission. Isolate relatedness was assessed by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). We evaluated hand hygiene (HH) adherence, access to alcohol-based hand rubs (ABHR), and cleaning of high-touch surfaces to guide IP recommendations. Results The first PPS at all OC LTACHs (n = 3) and adult VSNFs (n = 14) identified 45 C. auris-colonized patients in 3 (100%) LTACHs and 6 (43%) VSNFs; after repeated PPS, the total count reached 124. Most patients (70%) were at 2 facilities (Table 1). Three of 124 patients developed candidemia. To date, isolates from 48 patients have completed WGS; all were highly related (<11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms) in the African clade. Of 9 facilities with C. auris, 5 had HH adherence < 50%, 3 had limited ABHR, and at 2, <60% of assessed high-touch surfaces were clean. We recommended regular HH and cleaning audits, and increased ABHR. Conclusion Our investigation, prompted by enhanced surveillance, identified C. auris at 9 OC facilities. WGS indicated a single introduction and local transmission. Early detection, followed by rapid county-wide investigation and IP support, enabled containment efforts for C. auris in OC. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Pierce, Harold G. "Chlamydotheca llanoensis n. sp.: a large ostracode from the latest Pleistocene of the Southern High plains, useful in correlation of streamside Paleo-Indian sites." Journal of Paleontology 62, no. 3 (May 1988): 445–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000059230.
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Chlamydotheca llanoensis is a new species of freshwater ostracode found in latest Pleistocene (12,000–10,000 years B.P.) fluviatile sediments on the Southern High Plains. At the type locality (Lubbock Lake Archaeological Site, Lubbock County, Texas) and at two other localities, C. llanoensis was associated with streamside Paleo-Indian artifacts. This easily recognized species should be a useful guide fossil for correlation of strata of similar environment and age on the Southern High Plains.
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Rodriguez-Salamanca, Lina M., Lina M. Quesada-Ocampo, Rachel P. Naegele, and Mary K. Hausbeck. "Characterization, Virulence, Epidemiology, and Management of Anthracnose in Celery." Plant Disease 99, no. 12 (December 2015): 1832–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-14-0994-re.
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Leaf curling and petiole twisting of celery (Apium graveolens) were observed in several commercial fields in five Michigan counties in 2010 through 2012, causing significant crop damage and loss. Prior to this time, the pathogen Colletotrichum acutatum species complex had not been previously associated with celery in Michigan. In this study, the pathogen’s genotype and phenotype were characterized, the influence of environmental conditions determined, and fungicides tested. Pathogen identification was based on conidial morphology and molecular identification using species-specific primers. Intersimple-sequence repeat (ISSR) banding patterns were similar between C. acutatum isolates from celery (n = 51) and blueberry (n = 1) but different from C. dematium and C. gloeosporioides. Four ISSR primers resulted in 4% polymorphism when tested on isolates from celery. Pathogenicity and virulence of C. acutatum sensu lato isolated from celery (n = 81), tomato (n = 2), and blueberry (n = 1) were evaluated in greenhouse experiments, which revealed differences in virulence among isolates but no significant differences specific to collection year, county, or field. In dew chambers and growth chambers, high temperatures (≥25°C) or long leaf wetness duration (>24 h) increased disease incidence. Twelve fungicides were tested in field studies over two growing seasons to determine their efficacy against celery anthracnose. The fungicides azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, mancozeb, and chlorothalonil reduced disease by 27 to 50% compared with the untreated control when disease pressure was moderate.
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Van Wely, Annemarie C., Nadar Soltani, Darren E. Robinson, David C. Hooker, Mark B. Lawton, and Peter H. Sikkema. "Glyphosate and acetolactate synthase inhibitor resistant common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in southwestern Ontario." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 95, no. 2 (March 2015): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps-2014-290.
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Van Wely, A. C., Soltani, N., Robinson, D. E., Hooker, D. C., Lawton, M. B. and Sikkema, P. H. 2015. Glyphosate and acetolactate synthase inhibitor resistant common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in southwestern Ontario. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 335–338. Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) was found to be resistant to glyphosate in Ontario. Field surveys were conducted from 2011 to 2013 to determine the distribution of glyphosate-resistant (GR) and acetolactate synthase inhibitor resistant common ragweed. GR common ragweed was confirmed in Essex County. All GR populations were found to be resistant to acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides.
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Yang, Huan, Xuan Song, Yun Zhao, Weitong Wang, Zhennan Cheng, Qi Zhang, and Daoquan Cheng. "Temporal and spatial variations of soil C, N contents and C:N stoichiometry in the major grain-producing region of the North China Plain." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 11, 2021): e0253160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253160.
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Soil C, N contents and C:N stoichiometry are important indicators of soil quality, the variation characteristics of which have great significance for soil carbon-nitrogen cycle and sustainable utilization. Based on 597 observations along with soil profiles of 0–20cm depth in the 1980s and the 2010s, the temporal and spatial variations of soil C, N contents and C:N stoichiometry in the major grain-producing region of the North China Plain were illustrated. Results showed that there were significant changes in soil C, N contents over time, with increasing rates of 60.47% and 50%, respectively. The changes of C, N contents resulting in a general improvement of C:N stoichiometry. There was a significant decline in nugget effects of soil C, N contents from the 1980s to 2010s, the spatial autocorrelation of soil nutrients showed an increasing trend, and the effect of random variation was reduced. C:N stoichiometry was higher in Huixian City and Weihui City, and lower in Yanjin County, an apparent decline was observed in the spatial difference of soil C:N stoichiometry from the 1980s to 2010s. Soil C, N contents and C:N stoichiometry differed among soil types, agricultural land-use types, and topography in space. The temperature, precipitation, and fertilization structure were considered as the main factors that induce the temporal variations. These findings indicated that the soil nutrient elements in the farmland ecosystems changed in varying degrees in both time and space scales, and the variation was influenced by soil types, land-use types, topography, meteorological factors, and fertilization structure.
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Plant, Aaron, Emerald G. Snow, Jorge A. Montoya, Sean Young, Marjan Javanbakht, and Jeffrey D. Klausner. "Test4HepC: Promoting Hepatitis C Testing to Baby Boomers Using Social Media." Health Promotion Practice 21, no. 5 (March 10, 2019): 780–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839919833987.
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Individuals born between 1945 and 1965 (“baby boomers”) account for an estimated three quarters of all hepatitis C (HCV) infections in the United States. This article describes the evaluation of Test4HepC, a program that uses social media and a website to promote HCV testing to baby boomers in Los Angeles County, California. The first 16 months of Test4HepC were evaluated using an online survey (n = 302), qualitative interviews (n = 20), website and social media analytics, and records of free testing offered though the program. Test4HepC.org had 6,919 visitors; 48 individuals used the free testing offered. Within 1 month of visiting the website, 24.5% (74) of survey participants tested for HCV, 67.6% (50) received a negative HCV antibody test result, 2.7% (2) received a positive HCV antibody test result, and 25.7% (19) had not received their results as of taking the survey. Most of those not tested (60.5%) reported intention to test. In multivariable analysis, male sex and high perceived usefulness of the program website were associated with HCV testing. Qualitative interviews suggested that Test4HepC increased baby boomers’ HCV risk perception and encouraged testing. Social media is a promising strategy for promoting HCV testing to baby boomers. Expanding Test4HepC to other areas and prioritizing the highest risk baby boomers could enable many people with HCV to benefit from new treatments.
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Shelley, Rowland M. "The milliped order Callipodida in western North America (Schizopetalidae: Tynommatinae), and a summary of the New World fauna." Insect Systematics & Evolution 27, no. 1 (1996): 25–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631296x00197.
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AbstractIn western North America, the milliped order Callipodida is represented by the Colactidini, Tynommatini stat. n., and Diactidini tribus n., in the subfamily Tynommatinae, family Schizopetalidae; a coordinate tribe, the Texophonini, occurs on the Gulf Coast of south Texas. The Tynommatini consists of two genera and four species: Tynomma mutans (Chamberlin), T. magnum Buckett & Gardner, and T. gardneri sp. n., occurring around Monterey and San Pablo/San Francisco Bays, California, and Idrionaria dineh gen. n. & sp. n., in Washington County, Utah. The Colactidini ranges from Durango, Mexico, to central Utah and California east of the Sierra Nevada, with disjunct areas in southern California and Baja California, the latter extending northward to metropolitan San Diego. It is represented by two genera and 6 species: Colactis Loomis: C. tiburona (Chamberlin), utorum (Chamberlin), and protenta and quadrata, both by Loomis; and Heptium Loomis: H. carinellum and scamillatum, both by Loomis. The Diactidini, occupying coastal southern California and the adjacent fringe of Baja California, is comprised of three genera and 10 species: Diactis Loomis: D. soleata, triangula, and frondifera, all by Loomis, and amniscela, cupola, jacinto, procera, and strumella, all spp. n.; Florea sinuata gen. n. & sp. n.; and Caliactis bistolata gen. n. & sp. n. The following new synonymies are proposed: C. yuma Chamberlin, sideralis Loomis, and loomisi Hoffman under C. tiburona; C. briggsi Shear and saxetana and baboquivari, both by Loomis, under C. utorum; H. canum Chamberlin under H. carinellum; and Etiron paroicum and pearcei, both by Chamberlin, under D. triangula and T. mutans, respectively. The eastern Nearctic callipodid fauna is summarized and significant new localities are reported; Tetracion antraeum Hoffman, stat. n., is elevated from a subspecies of T. jonesi Hoffman.
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McAllister, Chris T., John A. Hnida, and Henry W. Robison. "A new coccidian parasite (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae: Eimeria) from the southern black racer, Coluber constrictor priapus (Reptilia: Ophidia: Colubridae) from Arkansas, USA." Acta Parasitologica 63, no. 3 (September 25, 2018): 558–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ap-2018-0064.
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AbstractBetween April 2012 and October 2017, 18 southern black racers,Coluber constrictor priapus, were collected from nine counties of Arkansas (n= 13) and McCurtain County, Oklahoma (n= 5) and their faeces examined for coccidian parasites. One of 18 (6%)C. c. priapusharboured an eimerian that we describe here as new. Oocysts ofEimeria dunnisp. nov. were subspheroidal with a lightly pitted bi-layered wall measuring L × W 24.0 × 21.1 and L/W ratio of 1.2. A micropyle was absent but an oocyst residuum and polar granule were present. Sporocysts were ovoidal and measured 11.9 × 8.1 with L/W of 1.5. A Stieda body was present but substieda and parastieda bodies were absent. The sporocyst residuum was composed of medium-sized granules aligned along perimeter of sporocyst or in a dispersed mass. This represents the first valid eimerian reported from the southern black racer.
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Sumrall, Colin D. "The Systematics of a New Upper Ordovician Edrioasteroid Pavement from Northern Kentucky." Journal of Paleontology 84, no. 5 (September 2010): 783–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/09-178.1.
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A large, edrioasteroid-bearing hardground surface from the base of the Bellevue Member of the Grant Lake Formation near Maysville, Mason County, Kentucky is described. Four species are represented including Streptaster vorticellatus (Hall), Carneyella ulrichi Bassler and Shideler, Carneyella pilea (Hall), and Curvitriordo stecki n. sp. Specimens of S. vorticellatus and C. pilea add little to the known morphologies of these species. However, prior to this study C. ulrichi was known from the unique holotype, and Curvitriordo stecki n. sp. adds greatly to out understanding of Curvitriordo which was previously known from two species comprising three poorly preserved specimens. Curvitriordo stecki shows a bimodal size frequency distribution suggesting seasonal breeding whereas Carneyella ulrichi shows a left skewed size frequency suggesting low juvenile mortality. Streptaster vorticellatus shows a tight unimodal size frequency distribution suggestive of a single spat fall accumulation.
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Schranz, Asher J., Michael Kovasala, Candice Givens, Alison Hilton, Courtney Maierhofer, and Arlene Sena. "296. The Hepatitis C Cascade of Care across Four Safety Net Settings in the Southeast." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S160—S161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.371.
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Abstract Background Despite advances in antivirals, disparities in hepatitis C (HCV) treatment remain. We evaluated persons diagnosed with HCV in 4 safety net sites in a large Southeastern county, using care cascades to conceptualize milestones in treatment. Methods Persons diagnosed with HCV in 4 screening sites across Durham County, North Carolina, from December 2015 to May 2018 were included, allowing for 9 months of follow-up. Sites included the county health department (CHD), a federally qualified health center (FQHC) where providers trained in HCV care, jail and community outreach. Persons with HCV were eligible for a bridge counselor intervention to enhance linkage to care with an HCV-treating provider (either primary care or specialist). Outcomes were monitored by chart review. Persons linked to care in the prison (n = 36) were censored from subsequent cascade steps due to inability to obtain records. Cascades were compared by the site of diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors of being prescribed antivirals. Results 505 persons were diagnosed with HCV: 216 in the FQHC, 158 in the jail, 72 in the CHD, and 59 in community outreach. Overall, 89% were counseled on their diagnosis, 65% were linked to care, 41% prescribed antivirals, 38% started medications, 34% completed medications and 24% achieved sustained viral response at 12 weeks (SVR-12). Progression through the cascade was highest for those diagnosed at the FQHC (figure). In analyses adjusted for demographics and risk factors, diagnosis in a community outreach setting had lower odds of antiviral prescription, compared with diagnosis in the FQHC (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.12–0.89). Linkage to care at a specialist clinic (vs. primary care) was associated with antiviral prescription (OR 3.82, CI 1.95–7.46). Sex, race/ethnicity, insurance status and HCV risk factors were not associated with antiviral prescription. Conclusion Among persons diagnosed with HCV across four safety net sites, a quarter achieved SVR-12. Those diagnosed in community outreach had lower odds of antiviral prescription, and those who were linked to a specialist were more likely to receive antiviral prescription. Improving progression through cascade milestones across safety-net settings is integral to improving population-based HCV outcomes. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Abe, Caroline M., Merilyne Aguwa, Michelle Zhao, Jacqueline Sullivan, Esmaeil Porsa, and Ank E. Nijhawan. "Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the Dallas County Jail: Implications for Screening, Prevention, and Linkage to Care." Public Health Reports 134, no. 6 (September 17, 2019): 626–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354919874081.
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Objectives: Screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in jail provides an opportunity to educate and offer care to a high-risk population. We aimed to (1) estimate the prevalence of HCV infection in jail; (2) describe the demographic characteristics, risk factors, and pre-incarceration health insurance status associated with HCV infection; and (3) examine the implementation of HCV screening in jail. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of an opt-out HCV screening program with HCV RNA confirmation and patient education at the Dallas County Jail from April 1 through November 2, 2017. We extracted data on test results, demographic characteristics, and release destination from electronic medical records. A nurse navigator recorded data on patient self-reported risk factors and pre-incarceration health insurance status. Results: Of 4089 incarcerated persons screened, 708 (17.3%) had a positive HCV antibody result. Of these, 641 (90.5%) had an HCV RNA test ordered; 576 (89.9%) had RNA tests completed, of whom 413 (71.7%) had a positive HCV RNA result. Of these 413, 352 (85.2%) received patient education. Half of HCV RNA-positive incarcerated persons (n = 207, 50.1%) were born outside the birth cohort (1945-1965). Among those with HCV infection, commonly reported risk factors were injection drug use (168 of 352; 47.8%) and tattoos (82 of 352; 23.4%). Most incarcerated persons with HCV infection (284 of 350; 81.1%) did not have health insurance. HCV antibody prevalence was higher among incarcerated persons released to prison (232 of 961; 24.1%) than to outside agencies (38 of 403; 9.4%) or the community (178 of 1026; 17.4%). Conclusions: Screening for HCV with RNA confirmation in jail provides an opportunity for disease education, transmission prevention, and navigation to HCV treatment. Future efforts should examine post-incarceration linkage to care.
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Scruggs, A. C., S. C. Butler, and L. M. Quesada-Ocampo. "First Report of Cladosporium Leaf Spot of Spinach Caused by Cladosporium variabile in North Carolina." Plant Disease 98, no. 12 (December 2014): 1741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-14-0474-pdn.
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Cladosporium leaf spot of spinach, caused by Cladosporium variabile, can result in significant economic losses in the United States (2). In March 2014, symptoms consistent with Cladosporium leaf spot (4) appeared on the spinach cultivar Tyee in a greenhouse located in Rowan County, NC. Of 1,080 spinach plants, 90 to 100% were infected. Symptoms consisted of small (1 to 3 mm in diameter), circular, tan lesions each outlined with a dark margin on the adaxial surface of the leaf. On severely infected foliage, lesions coalesced to produce relatively large necrotic regions. Profuse fungal sporulation was observed on the lesion surface with a dissecting microscope at 40× magnification. Using a dissecting microscope, conidia were collected with a sterile needle and transferred to petri plates containing potato dextrose agar. Plates were then incubated at 23 ± 2°C under continuous fluorescent light, and fungal growth was apparent after 24 h. Isolations from leaves of six infected plants produced slow-growing, dark green to brown fungal colonies that reached only 31 mm in diameter after 14 days, which is characteristic of C. variabile (4). Colonies contained dense masses of dematiaceous, septate, unbranched conidiophores with conidial chains, each containing up to five conidia. Conidia were ovate to elongate, with some being septate. The length of individual conidia ranged from 10 to 19 μm. Conidial septa were distinctly dark when observed at 100× magnification, which is a defining feature of C. variabile vs. the conidia of C. macrocarpum (4). The surface of the conidia appeared verrucose at 100× magnification, and conidia were each distinctly darkened toward the base. A single isolate obtained through single-spore transfer was used for DNA extraction, and the histone 3 (H3) gene sequence was amplified using the primers CYLH3F and CYLH3R (1). Sequence analysis of the amplified product using BLAST analysis indicated that the H3 sequences had 100% identity to that of a C. variabile isolate (GenBank Accession No. EF679710.1), and 99% identity to a C. macrocarpum isolate (EF679687.1). The H3 sequence from a representative isolate was deposited in GenBank (KJ769146). To our knowledge, this is the first report of Cladosporium leaf spot on spinach in North Carolina based on morphological evaluation and H3 sequencing results. C. variabile is a seedborne pathogen, so it is possible inoculum was introduced into the greenhouses in North Carolina on infected seed (3). Seeds can be treated with hot water or chlorine to reduce the risk of disease outbreaks caused by infected seed (2). Furthermore, Cladosporium leaf spot may be controlled with the use of fungicides (3). References: (1) P. Crous et al. Stud. Mycol. 50:415, 2004. (2) L. J. du Toit and P. Hernandez-Perez. Plant Dis. 89:1305, 2005. (3) L. J. du Toit et al. Fung. Nemat. Tests 59:V115, 2004. (4) Schubert et al. Stud. Mycol. 58:105, 2007.
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Malespin, Miguel H., Ciel Harris, Ozdemir Kanar, Kelly Jackman, Carmen Smotherman, Abbey Johnston, Julie Ferm, et al. "Barriers to Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C with Direct Acting Antivirals in an Urban Clinic." Annals of Hepatology 17, no. 5 (July 31, 2018): 0–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.2247.
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Introduction and Aim. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents are highly effective for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) yet access to treatment remains a serious challenge. The aim of this study was to identify barriers to treatment initiation with DAA-containing regimens in an urban clinic setting. Materials and Methods. A retrospective cohort of all chronic HCV patients seen in an urban academic practice in Jacksonville, FL, USA from 1/2014-1/2017 was analyzed. Baseline characteristics were recorded and a review of medical records was performed to identify barriers to treatment initiation and overall success rates. Results. Two-hundred and forty patients with chronic HCV were analyzed. Fifty-six percent of patients were African-American and 63% were insured through Medicaid/county programs or uninsured. Sixty-nine percent had barriers to initiating antiviral therapy categorized as psychosocial (n=112), provider (n=26), medical (n=20), and insurance-related factors (n=7). The most commonly encountered psychosocial barriers included failure to keep appointments (79/240, 33%), active substance abuse (18/240, 8%), and failure to obtain laboratory testing (11/240, 5%). Overall, only 27% of patients evaluated were initiated on DAA-containing regimens with 18% reaching SVR12 within the 36-month study period. Conclusion. In conclusion, only 27% of patients who presented to an urban academic practice with chronic HCV received DAA-containing regimens over a 36-month period. Psychosocial issues were the major barriers to antiviral therapy. These findings illustrate the need for an integrated approach that addresses psychosocial factors as well as comorbidities and adherence to care in order to increase rates of HCV treatment in at risk patients.
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Casanova, Felicia, Felicia M. Knaul, and Natalia M. Rodriguez. "Harvesting Health Knowledge: Breast Cancer Perceptions in the South Florida Latinx Farmworker Community." Qualitative Health Research 31, no. 8 (April 9, 2021): 1423–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10497323211003542.
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South Florida agricultural regions, home to Latinx immigrant farmworkers, report higher rates of late-stage breast cancer diagnosis than national, state, and county-level averages. We conducted a community-based qualitative study on the needs, health knowledge gaps, barriers to breast cancer screening, and the role of community health workers (CHWs) in supporting the community’s access to early detection services. We conducted three CHW focus groups (FGs) ( n = 25) and in-depth interviews ( n = 15), two FGs ( n = 18) and in-depth interviews ( n = 3) with farmworker community members, and informal interviews with cancer clinicians ( n = 7). Using a grounded theory approach, five core themes regarding the community’s barriers to accessing health care services emerged: (a) lack of information; (b) social and economic barriers; (c) cultural factors; (d) fears and mistrust; and (e) psychosocial concerns. Findings yield implications for community health practice, the potential impact of CHWs, and the production of breast cancer education to improve health equity along with the care continuum.
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Zou, Zhigang, Fuping Zeng, Zhaoxia Zeng, Hu Du, Hui Tang, and Hao Zhang. "The Variation in the Stoichiometric Characteristics of the Leaves and Roots of Karst Shrubs." Forests 12, no. 7 (June 28, 2021): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12070852.
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Currently, vegetation restoration is being implemented in the ecologically fragile karst areas in southwest China; however, the stoichiometry of the dominant shrubs and their relationship with the environmental factors in the degraded habitats is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the stoichiometry of C, N, and P, their internal correlations, and influencing factors in 23 shrub species in the Huanjiang County in northwest Guangxi Province, China. We found that the mean contents of C, N and P in leaves were higher than those in roots. In addition, the N:P ratio in the leaves was significantly higher than that in the roots, but the opposite was observed for the C:N and C:P ratios. Except for Leaf C and Root C, significant positive or negative correlations were observed across the stoichiometry of the shrub leaves and roots. A factor analysis of variance demonstrated that the differences across species had higher explanatory power than the topography and soil nutrients in terms of the shrub leaf and root stoichiometry. Hence, our results can improve the understanding of the distribution patterns of these vital elements, as well as of the interactions and influencing factors in the different organs of the karst shrubs.
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Moore, Rachel A., Derek E. G. Briggs, Simon J. Braddy, and Jeffrey W. Shultz. "Synziphosurines (Xiphosura: Chelicerata) from the Silurian of Iowa." Journal of Paleontology 85, no. 1 (January 2011): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/10-057.1.
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A new genus and species of synziphosurine (Chelicerata) is described from the Silurian (Wenlock) Scotch Grove Formation Konservat-Lagerstätte in Clinton County, Iowa. Camanchia grovensis n. gen. n. sp. is characterized by a sub-triangular carapace, ten opisthosomal segments divided into a preabdomen of seven and a postabdomen of three, and a tuberculate ornament on the carapace and pleural margins. A single new specimen from the same location is assigned to Venustulus waukeshaensis, originally described from the Late Llandovery Waukesha Konservat-Lagerstätte of Wisconsin. A comparison of the musculature of C. grovensis with that of living Limulus polyphemus and the Jurassic Mesolimulus walchi from Nusplingen, Germany shows that it is much simpler, consistent with the status of synziphosurines as stem xiphosurids.
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Liao, Jinling, Kan Zhuo, Shengfu Yu, Xundong Li, and Danlei Li. "Bursaphelenchus uncispicularis n. sp. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) from Pinus yunnanensis in China." Nematology 9, no. 2 (2007): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854107780739090.
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AbstractBursaphelenchus uncispicularis n. sp. is described and figured. The nematode was found in wilted pine Pinus yunnanensis Franchet from a single locality in Longling county, Yunnan Province, China. The new species is characterised by a relatively small stylet (11-15 μm long) with weakly developed basal swellings and lateral fields bearing four incisures. The male has relatively small, arcuate spicules with a distinct, dorsally bent, hook-like condylus, thorn-like rostrum, distinct cucullus and an ovoid terminal 'bursa' with minutely tripartite terminus. The female has a minute vulval flap and a conical tail with a relatively robust and blunt projection ca 1.2-4.5 μm long. Both sexes are of moderate body length ranging from 676-1088 μ m in the female and 552-1083 μm in the male with a slender body (a = 37-54 in the female and 36-54 in the male) and a relatively short tail (c = 26-39 in the female and 31-45 in the male). Bursaphelenchus uncispicularis n. sp. most closely resembles B. borealis, B. leoni and B. silvestris. However, the new species is easily distinguished from these three species by a number of characters including spicule size and shape, female tail shape and length, and postvulval uterine sac length.
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Adesemoye, A. O., and A. Eskalen. "First Report of Spencermartinsia viticola, Neofusicoccum australe, and N. parvum Causing Branch Canker of Citrus in California." Plant Disease 95, no. 6 (June 2011): 770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-11-0092.
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Dothiorella gummosis and canker on citrus is generally viewed as a minor disease but can result in serious decline of trees. Symptoms, mostly found on branches, include grayish-to-brown cast on cankered bark, which can extend into the xylem. Dothiorella gummosis was earlier believed to be caused by Dothiorella gregaria (2). In a continuing survey on citrus in six California counties (Fresno, Riverside, San Diego, San Luis Obispo, Tulare, and Ventura) in 2010, branch cankers were collected. Small pieces of symptomatic tissues were plated onto potato dextrose agar amended with 0.01% tetracycline (PDA-tet) and incubated at 25°C for 4 days. Fungi most frequently isolated were initially identified as Botryosphaeriaceae based on morphological characters (1,3). Total genomic DNA was PCR amplified with primers Bt2a/2b for the β-tubulin (BT); EF1-728F/986R for the elongation factor α-1 (EF); and ITS4/5 for the internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions (3). Sequences were compared in a BLAST search. Spencermartinsia viticola UCP105 was isolated from cv. Parent Washington on Sour Orange rootstock in Tulare County, Neofusicoccum australe UCR1110 from cv. Satsuma in Riverside County, and N. parvum UCR1166 from cv. Meyer Lemon on Volkameriana rootstock in Ventura County. Sequences of UCP105, UCR1110, and UCR1166 have been deposited in GenBank under Accession Nos. JF271766, JF271776, and JF271780 for BT; JF271784, JF271793, and JF271796 for EF; and JF271748, JF271758, and JF271762 for the ITS regions. The sequences matched with isolates in GenBank as follows: ITS region of strain UCP105—98% match with Accession Nos. AY905556–8; BT of strain UCR1110—99% with GU251879–80; and EF of strain UCR1166—98% with GU251238. Pathogenicity tests were conducted by inoculating green shoots of healthy citrus trees similar to cultivar/rootstock from which each isolate was obtained. Fresh wounds were made on 1-year-old citrus shoots with a 3-mm cork borer, and the freshly wounded surfaces were inoculated with 3-mm mycelial plugs from 5-day-old cultures on PDA-tet. Control shoots were inoculated with sterile agar plugs and each treatment had 10 replicates. Inoculated wounds and shoot ends were covered with petroleum jelly and wrapped with Parafilm to prevent desiccation. Shoots were incubated at 25°C in moist chambers for 4 weeks. Lesions were observed on all inoculated shoots except for the control. Mean lesion lengths were 6.4, 7.0, and 6.9 cm for UCP105, UCR1110, and UCR1166, respectively, which were significantly (P = 0.05) different from the control (0.8 cm). The three isolates were reisolated from symptomatic tissues of inoculated shoots to confirm their pathogenicity. This test was repeated and similar results were obtained. Results indicate that there are multiple species in the Botryosphaeriaceae family causing symptoms on citrus that were previously believed to be caused by D. gregaria. To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. viticola, N. australe, and N. parvum on citrus in California. References: (1) P. W. Crous et al. Stud. Mycol. 55:235, 2006. (2) V. McDonald et al. Plant Dis. 93:967, 2009. (3) B. Slippers et al. Mycologia 96:83, 2004.
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Lee, Wendy, Marjun Philip Duldulao, Rebecca A. Nelson, Xiaoming Shen, Wenyan Li, Jianming Lu, Julio Garcia-Aguilar, and Joseph Kim. "Genetic polymorphisms by race/ethnicity among colon cancer patients in Los Angeles County." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2012): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.4_suppl.492.
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492 Background: Though disparate outcomes in colon cancer may be multifactorial, racial/ethnic disparities persist despite adjusting for these factors. Genetic alterations, including single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have been shown to predict treatment response in colorectal cancer. Here, we evaluate the variability of genetic alterations in colon cancer patients by examining SNPs in major racial/ethnic groups. Methods: We obtained 76 normal tissue specimens from colon cancer patients of different race/ethnicity at our institution. DNA was extracted and analyzed for 6 SNPs (MTHFR 677C>T, XRCC1 685C>T, XRCC1 1301G>A, XPD 2282A>C, TP53 215G>C, and CCND1 870G>A) by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. Prevalence of each allelic combination was compared between groups by the chi-square test. Results: Archived colon cancer tissues were obtained from whites, blacks, Hispanics and Asians (n=19 per group). From genotyping, we identified statistically significant differences in prevalence of CCND1 870G>A between groups ( Table , p=0.0428). Specifically, whites and Asians had significantly higher prevalence of CCND1 870G>A than blacks and Hispanics (100% and 94%, vs. 68% and 79%, respectively). Furthermore, whites and Asians were more frequently heterozygous (G/A) for the SNP (89% in both), whereas Hispanics comprised the largest proportion (16%) of patients homozygous for CCND1 870G>A. Overall, the allelic frequency of CCND1 870G>A varied among the racial/ethnic groups. Other SNPs in treatment-related pathways were evaluated, but there was no difference in prevalence of the other 5 SNPs between groups. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that detection of specific genetic polymorphisms differs between the major racial/ethnic groups with colon cancer. Differences in the prevalence of CCND1 870G>A, which affects cell-cycle progression, suggests a potential mechanism for disparities in cancer susceptibility and progression. Therefore, identification of such genetic variability may support a genetic basis for racial disparities in cancer outcomes. [Table: see text]
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Smith, J. P., J. T. Hoffman, K. F. Sullivan, E. P. Van Arsdel, and D. Vogler. "First Report of White Pine Blister Rust in Nevada." Plant Disease 84, no. 5 (May 2000): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2000.84.5.594a.
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White pine blister rust, caused by Cronartium ribicola Fisch., was found in 1997 infecting white pines (genus Pinus, subgenus Strobus) at two locations in the Carson Range of western Nevada. Rust incidence, infection age, damage to trees, rust phenology, and host distribution were evaluated at one of these locations and a nearby location in California in 1998. At the first location (39.3°N, 119.9°W), C. ribicola was found infecting 24 of 49 whitebark pines (P. albicaulis Engelm.) near Mt. Rose Summit on Highway 27 at 2,710 m elevation, ≈6 km northeast of Incline Village, Washoe County, NV. Among infected trees, 33% had only branch cankers, 54% had live stem cankers, and 12% had stem cankers that had killed portions of trees distal to cankers. No trees had died from infection. At the second location (39.1°N, 119.9°W), we found only 6 of 50 (12%) infected western white pines (P. monticola Dougl.) near Genoa Peak (≈2,750 m elevation), 3 km east of Lake Tahoe, Douglas County, NV; however, stem cankers occurred on 4 of the 6 infected trees. In September 1998, whitebark pines at Mt. Rose and Tahoe Meadows (2,550 m elevation, 1.5 km southwest of Mt. Rose Summit) were examined, and the following was observed: (i) aeciospore production was at its peak, indicating that sporulation can occur exceptionally late in the season in this region; (ii) signs of blister rust infection were absent on the telial hosts of C. ribicola (Ribes cereum, R. montigenum, and R. nevadense) at both locations; (iii) ≈80% of the cankers occurred on host wood produced in 1978 and 1979; and (iv) the oldest cankers originated on wood produced in 1968 and the youngest on wood produced in 1980. In October 1998, infected western white pines were examined at a location (2,650 m elevation) ≈30 km north of Lake Tahoe on Babbitt Peak, Sierra County, CA (39.6°N, 120.1°W). At this location, no trees had died from infection, fresh aeciospores were abundant on live cankers, R. montigenum and R. cereum were present but did not show signs of infection, and 19 of 20 cankers examined were on wood produced between 1978 and 1980. White pine blister rust was not found at any of 10 other locations examined throughout Nevada from 1995 to 1997. This is believed to be the first documented report of C. ribicola infecting white pines in Nevada and the easternmost extension of blister rust in the Sierra Nevada Region. These observations suggest that our understanding of blister rust spread and infection dynamics east of the Sierra Nevada crest is incomplete and that future surveys and research in this region must address, among other issues, timing of aeciospore production on pine, and the possibility of blister rust spread into the Great Basin.
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Amwoka, Emmanuel M., Jane L. Ambuko, Hutchinson M. Jesang’, and Willis O. Owino. "Effectiveness of Selected Cold Chain Management Practices to Extend Shelf Life of Mango Fruit." Advances in Agriculture 2021 (June 7, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8859144.
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An on-farm study was conducted among smallholder mango farmers in Embu County of Kenya to demonstrate the effectiveness of simple harvest and postharvest handling practices to attain cold chain and extend mango shelf life. The recommended cold chain practices were compared with common farmers' practices. 'Apple', 'Ngowe', 'Kent', and 'Tommy Atkins' harvested at the mature green stage were used in the study. To demonstrate proper cold chain, fruits were harvested before 8 am, transported in crates lined with dampened newspapers, precooled in an evaporative charcoal cooler, and then transferred to a Coolbot™ cold room (10 ± 2°C). To demonstrate common farmers’ practices, fruits were harvested at noon, transported in open crates, and stored at ambient room conditions (25 ± 7°C, 55 ± 15%RH). The air and fruit pulp temperatures were monitored regularly using HUATO® data loggers. During the storage period, a random sample of 3 fruits (per variety) per treatment was taken after every 3 days to evaluate ripening related changes including physiological weight loss, colour, firmness, and total soluble solids. Proper cold chain practices resulted in low fruit pulp temperature (average 11°C) compared to 25°C for fruits handled using common practices by farmers leading to faster ripening as evidenced by lower peel/pulp colour and firmness, higher physiological weight loss, and higher total soluble solids. For example, flesh firmness of fruits under poor cold chain practices decreased from initial 36.6 N, 45.9 N, 66.5 N, and 46.8 N to 3.1 N, 2.4 N, 3.2 N, and 3.1 N for ‘Apple’, ‘Ngowe’, ‘Kent’, and ‘Tommy Atkins’ varieties, respectively, at the end of storage while that of fruits under proper cold chain practices reduced to 2.3 N, 1.5 N, 3.9 N, and 2.9 N, respectively, for the four varieties at the end of storage. Overall, proper cold chain management extended mango shelf life by 18 days. Application of simple harvest and handling practices coupled with simple storage technologies can attain and maintain the cold chain required to preserve quality and extend shelf life. This could increase the marketing and storage periods for later selling and processing, respectively, of mango fruits.
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Walekhwa, Michael, Margaret Muturi, Revathi Gunturu, Eucharia Kenya, and Beatrice Kabera. "Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype epidemiology among PCV-10 vaccinated and unvaccinated children at Gertrude’s Children’s Hospital, Nairobi County: a cross-sectional study." F1000Research 7 (June 22, 2018): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.14387.1.
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Background:Streptococcus pneumoniae(SPn) serotype replacement and emergence of multidrug resistant SPnhas exacerbated the need for continuous regional serotype surveillance. We investigated SPnserotypes circulating among children ≤5 years in Nairobi County.Methods:Streptococcus pneumoniaestocks stored at −70°C in brain heart infusion medium were thawed at room temperature for 30 minutes. In total, 10 µl of the stored SPncells were suspended in 50 µl PBS and gently vortexed. About 10 µl of the suspended cells were added on to a glass slide and mixed with 10 µl pooled antisera. The glass slide was swirled gently while observing for any reaction. The process was repeated with individual groups under various antisera pools. Those serotypes that did not belong to any pool were typed directly until a positive agglutination reaction was observed. The cells/PBS/serotype-specific antisera mixture on the glass slide were covered with a coverslip and observed under a phase contrast microscope at ×100 objective lens with oil emulsion.Results:Out of the 206 subjects sampled, 20.39% (n=42) were found to be carriers of SPn. About 52% (n=22) of the SPncarriers had received the recommended dose of PCV-10, while 48% (n=20) of the carriers had not. Almost all (n=41; 19.90% of subjects) isolates contained non-vaccine type SPnserotypes, while n=1 of the serotypes (in 0.49% of subjects) were untypeable. Serotypes 28F, 6A, 11A, 3 and 7C were prevalent in both vaccinated and unvaccinated children, whereas serotypes 23A, 17F, 35F, 48, 13 and 35B, and 23B, 20, 19B, 21, untypeable, 15B and 39 were found among unvaccinated and vaccinated groups, respectively.Conclusions:All SPnserotypes isolated from the subjects sampled were non PCV-10 vaccine type. Therefore Kenyan children receiving PCV-10 vaccine are not protected.
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Kan, Zhuo, Fang Yusheng, and Zhao Jun. "Description of Bursaphelenchus aberrans n. sp. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) isolated from pine wood in Guangdong Province, China." Nematology 4, no. 7 (2002): 791–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854102760402577.
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AbstractBursaphelenchus aberrans n. sp. is described and figured. The nematode was found in dead wood of Pinus massoniana Lamb. from one locality in Fengkai county, Guangdong Province, China. Both sexes are of moderate length ranging from 459-562 μm in the female and 390-556 μm in the male with a slender body (a = 35-42 in female and 31-48 in male) and a medium length tail (c = 13-17 in female and 14-19 in male). The stylet measures 12-14 μm long and the spicule 16-20 μm. The female vulva is located at 71-78% and has the anterior vulval lip posteriorly directed to form a small flap. The conoid tail of both sexes is ventrally curved, tapering gradually to the terminus. The male has a short, terminal, caudal ala. The spicule form is unusual for the genus in that the rostrum and condylus are fused and cap-like. A cucullus is lacking. B. aberrans n. sp. is similar to B. idius Rühm, 1956 in spicule shape, from which it differs in longer spicule length (16-20 vs 14-15 μm) and proportionately longer tail (c = 13-19 vs 23-33). It is also similar to B. bestiolus Massey, 1964 in all essential measurements, but the two species are easily differentiated by spicule shape as well as by the greater number of lateral incisures in B. aberrans n. sp. (4 vs 0).
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Kallinen, A. K., I. L. Lindberg, A. K. Tugume, and J. P. T. Valkonen. "Detection, Distribution, and Genetic Variability of European mountain ash ringspot-associated virus." Phytopathology® 99, no. 4 (April 2009): 344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-99-4-0344.
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European mountain ash ringspot-associated virus (EMARAV) was recently characterized from mountain ash (rowan) (Sorbus aucuparia) in Germany. The virus belongs tentatively to family Bunyaviridae but is not closely related to any classified virus. How commonly EMARAV occurs in ringspot disease (EMARSD) affected mountain ash trees was not reported and was investigated here. Virus-specific detection tools such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and dot blot hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled RNA probes were developed to test 73 mountain ash trees including 16 trees with no virus-like symptoms from 16 districts in Finland and Viipuri, Russia. All trees were infected with EMARAV. Hence, EMARAV is associated with EMARSD and can also cause latent infections in mountain ash. Symptom expression and the variable relative concentrations of viral RNA detected in leaves showed no correlation. Infectious EMARAV was detected also in dormant branches of trees in winter. Subsequently, genetic variability, geographical differentiation, and evolutionary selection pressures were investigated by analyzing RNA3 sequences from 17 isolates. The putative nucleocapsid (NP) gene sequence (944 nucleotides) showed little variability (identities 97 to 99%) and was under strong purifying selection. Amino acid substitutions were detected in two positions at the N terminus and one position at the C terminus of NP in four isolates. The 3′ untranslated region (442 nucleotides) was more variable (identities 94 to 99%). Six isolates from a single sampling site exhibited as wide a genetic variability as isolates from sites that were hundreds of kilometers apart and no spatial differentiation of populations of EMARAV was observed.
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Mulakoli, Festus. "Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoea Co-Infection Among Patients Attending a Teaching Hospital in Nairobi County: A Retrospective Study." East Africa Science 3, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24248/easci-d-20-00008.
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Background: Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoea are microbes that have been associated with urethritis in both male and female genders, which often may lead to complicated conditions such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and infertility globally among others health complications. In Kenya and other developing countries, sexually transmitted infections associated with Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoea still pose a challenge in public health.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing laboratory data from Jan 2018 to Dec 2018 to estimate the prevalence of C trachomatis and N gonorrhoea coinfections in patients attending a tertiary institution and its satellite clinics spread across the country. A total of 1228 patient’s data aged 3-69 years was reviewed; with age, gender and Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoea status being analyzed.
Results: A total of 1228 patients who visited the hospital in 2018 had their urine samples being tested for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoea by use of a PCR technique. Majority of the patients were males (63.7%). The patients who tested for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoea had an average age of 34 years (range: 3–69 years). Of those 1.4% tested positive for both Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoea infections, and males were more infected than females (1.1% vs 0.3).
From the information gathered during the study period, the proportion of patients with Chlamydia trachomatis infection was (16.1 %) (95 % CI 9.5, 17.9), and with N. gonorrhoea infection was 5.4%. Coinfection was highest among sexually active group that is those aged between 21 years to 40 years.
Conclusion: The prevalence of C. trachomatis is significantly high among male patients. We recommend the implement a molecular screening for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoea to identifying asymptomatic female cases. This study further provides evidence on the importance of contact tracing in the management of Chlamydia trachomatis and other STIs. There is an urgent need for studies designed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoea among female patients who are majorly asymptomatic in Kenya.
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Ernst, Andrew, and Lindsey Thiessen. "Cercospora nicotianae Isolates from Flue-Cured Tobacco in North Carolina Found with G143A and F129L Mutations in Cytochrome b Gene." Plant Health Progress 21, no. 4 (January 1, 2020): 288–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-04-20-0029-rs.
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Frogeye leaf spot of tobacco caused by Cercospora nicotianae (Ellis & Everhart) is a widespread disease of cultivated tobacco. Recently, flue-cured tobacco producers in North Carolina reported losses due to frogeye leaf spot disease despite the use of strobilurin fungicides. Isolates (n = 4) were obtained in 2018 from affected tobacco leaves from Cumberland, Lenoir, and Nash counties. In 2019, isolates (n = 28) were collected from a field in Wilson county. After sequencing the cytb region of 32 isolates, 30 contained a single point mutation conferring a G143A or F129L amino acid change that resulted in quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide resistance. Although these resistance mutations have been found in air-cured tobacco in Kentucky, to the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to report QoI resistance mutations in C. nicotianae populations in flue-cured tobacco and a first report in North Carolina.
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Kaczmarski, Jenna M., Rita D. DeBate, Stephanie L. Marhefka, and Ellen M. Daley. "State-Mandated School-Based BMI Screening and Parent Notification." Health Promotion Practice 12, no. 6 (November 2011): 797–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839911419289.
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To address childhood obesity, several states and local school districts across the United States have adopted body mass index (BMI) measurement initiatives. This descriptive case study explored psychosocial, environmental, and behavioral factors among parents of sixth-grade students who received BMI Health Letters (BMIHLs) in one Florida County. A nonexperimental postintervention design was employed to gather quantitative data via self-report Likert-type questionnaire. Participants were parents/guardians of sixth-grade students attending one Hillsborough County public middle school ( n = 76). Results indicate three main findings: (a) most parents in this study (67.4%) who discussed the BMIHL with their child reported their child as “very” or “somewhat” uncomfortable with the discussion; (b) some parents of normal weight (NW) children responded by taking their child to a medical professional to control their weight; and (c) more parents of at risk of overweight/overweight (AR/OW) children (vs. NW) reported greater concern about their child’s weight, using food restriction and physical activity to control their child’s weight, and giving negative weight-related comments/behaviors. This case study illustrates the importance of adapting and tailoring state mandated BMIHLs for parents based on child’s BMI status.
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Korth, William W., and Robert J. Emry. "The skull of Cedromus and a review of the Cedromurinae (Rodentia, Sciuridae)." Journal of Paleontology 65, no. 6 (November 1991): 984–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000033291.
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The problematical rodent genus Cedromus Wilson, previously only known from the Orellan of the Great Plains, has been considered a sciurid by some authors and an aplodontid by others. An excellent collection of complete skulls with associated mandibles from Converse County, Wyoming, has provided evidence that this genus is a sciurid but that it represents a new subfamily distinguished from all other sciurids by a unique zygomasseteric structure that closely approaches myomorphy. A second genus, Oligospermophilus Korth, also from the Orellan of the Great Plains, is allocated to this subfamily.Additional and more complete cranial material of the primitive aplodontid Prosciurus indicates that sciurids and aplodontids share a common ancestry and should be included together at least within the same suborder Sciuromorpha.Three species of Cedromus are recognized, C. wardi Wilson, C. wilsoni n. sp., and Cedromus sp.; the latter extends the known temporal range of the genus into the Whitneyan.
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Castaneda-Diez, Rafael, Gabriel Lazcano-Gómez, Roberto Gonzalez-Salinas, Jesus Jimenez-Roman, Daniela Alvarez-Ascencio, Cindy Haro-Zuno, Mauricio Turati-Acosta, et al. "Glaucoma Medication Preferences among Glaucoma Specialists in Mexico." Journal of Current Glaucoma Practice 11, no. 3 (2017): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10028-1232.
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ABSTRACT Aim To determine the glaucoma specialists' preferences for the different brands of topical glaucoma medications available in Mexico. Materials and methods A web-based survey was sent to 150 board-certified glaucoma specialists in Mexico, with 14 questions related to brand preferences for all glaucoma medications available in Mexico. Participants were asked to select each glaucoma medication class by brand and to state the factors leading to their choice. Results Data from 111 (74%) glaucoma specialists were collected. Imot (timolol 0.5%; Sophia, Mexico) was the preferred brand for the beta-blockers (BB) class by 71% (n = 79) of the participants. Azopt (brinzolamide 1%; Alcon Lab, US) was the preferred carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI) by 54% (n = 60) of the glaucoma specialists. Lumigan (bimatoprost 0.01% and 0.03%; Allergan Inc., U.S.) was the first choice for the prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) in 62% (n = 70) of the answers. The most frequently prescribed alpha-agonist (AA) was Agglad (brimonidine 0.2%; Sophia Lab, Mexico) in 44% (n = 49) of the answers. Medication accessibility (31%), cost (29%), and recommended dose (23%) were the three main factors influencing the glaucoma specialists' preferences. Conclusion Medication cost and accessibility, as well as posology, remain the main factors influencing brand preferences among glaucoma doctors. In our professional opinion, the therapeutic effect must be the leading factor when prescribing topical medications in the daily practice, so that patients receive the best treatment option. Clinical significance This survey provides an understanding of the decision-making process when prescribing glaucoma medications by glaucoma specialists in a Latin American developing country. Ideally, patient treatment should be individualized and aimed to achieve the best results possible for their specific condition. How to cite this article Lazcano-Gomez G, Alvarez-Ascencio D, Haro-Zuno C, Turati-Acosta M, Garcia-Huerta M, Jimenez-Arroyo J, Castañeda-Diez R, Castillejos-Chevez A, Gonzalez-Salinas R, Dominguez-Dueñas F, Jimenez-Roman J. Glaucoma Medication Preferences among Glaucoma Specialists in Mexico. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2017;11(3):97-100.
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He, Hai-Min, Jian-Jun Tang, Li-Li Huang, Shao-Hui Wu, Yuan Peng, and Fang-Sen Xue. "Inheritance of key life-history traits in crosses between northern and southern populations of the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 111, no. 4 (February 15, 2021): 420–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748532100002x.
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AbstractA southern population (S) from Xiushui County (29°1′N, 114°4′E) and a northern population (N) from Shenyang city (41°48′N, 123°23′E) of the cabbage beetle, Colaphellus bowringi vary greatly in their life-history traits, and may serve as an excellent model with which to study the inheritance of life-history traits. In the present study, we performed intraspecific hybridization using the two populations, comparing the key life-history traits (fecundity, development time, body weight, growth rate, and sexual size dimorphism (SDD)) between the two populations (S♀ × S♂ and N♀ × N♂) and their two hybrid populations (S♀ × N♂ and N♀ × S♂ populations) at 19, 22, 25, and 28°C. Our results showed that there were significant differences in life-history traits between the two parental populations, with the S population having a significantly higher fecundity, shorter larval development time, larger body weight, higher growth rate, and greater weight loss during metamorphosis than the N population at almost all temperatures. However, these life-history traits in the two hybrid populations were intermediate between those of their parents. The life-history traits in the S × N and N × S populations more closely resembled those of the maternal S population and N population, respectively, showing maternal effects. Weight loss for both sexes was highest in the S population, followed by the S × N, N × S, and N populations at all temperatures, suggesting that larger pupae lost more weight during metamorphosis. The changes in SSD with temperature were similar between the S and the S × N populations and between the N and the N × S populations, also suggesting a maternal effect. Overall, our results showed no drastic effect of hybridization on C. bowringi, being neither negative (hybrid inferiority) nor positive (heterosis). Rather, the phenotypes of hybrids were intermediate between the phenotypes of their parents.
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Zhang, Jian, Yuchao Ma, and Huimin Yu. "Nocardioides lianchengensis sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from soil." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 62, Pt_11 (November 1, 2012): 2698–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.036723-0.
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A novel Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain D94-1T, was isolated from soil collected in Liancheng county, Fujian province, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain D94-1T was a member of the genus Nocardioides and was most closely related to Nocardioides salarius DSM 18239T (98.54 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Nocardioides marinisabuli DSM 18965T (98.30 %), Nocardioides basaltis KCTC 19365T (98.10 %) and Nocardioides dokdonensis KCTC 19309T (97.76 %). Phenotypic characteristics and DNA–DNA relatedness data served to distinguish strain D94-1T from N. salarius , N. marinisabuli , N. basaltis and N. dokdonensis . The chemotaxonomic properties of strain D94-1T were consistent with those of the genus Nocardioides : the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was based on ll-diaminopimelic acid, the predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4) and the major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0 (29.15 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (21.0 %). The DNA G+C content was 71.8 mol%. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain D94-1T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardioides , for which the name Nocardioides lianchengensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D94-1T ( = DSM 24663T = CGMCC 4.6858T).
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Kampf, Anthony R., Travis A. Olds, Jakub Plášil, Joe Marty, and Samuel N. Perry. "Feynmanite, a new sodium uranyl sulfate mineral from Red Canyon, San Juan County, Utah, USA." Mineralogical Magazine 83, no. 02 (May 28, 2018): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2018.117.
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AbstractThe new mineral feynmanite, Na(UO2)(SO4)(OH)·3.5H2O, was found in both the Blue Lizard and Markey mines, San Juan County, Utah, USA, where it occurs as a secondary phase on pyrite-rich asphaltum in association with chinleite-(Y), gypsum, goethite, natrojarosite, natrozippeite, plášilite, shumwayite (Blue Lizard) and wetherillite (Markey). The mineral is pale greenish yellow with a white streak and fluoresces bright greenish white under a 405 nm laser. Crystals are transparent with a vitreous lustre. It is brittle, with a Mohs hardness of ~2, irregular fracture and one perfect cleavage on {010}. The calculated density is 3.324 g cm–3. Crystals are thin needles or blades, flattened on {010} and elongate on [100], exhibiting the forms {010}, {001}, {101} and {10$\bar{1}$}, and are up to ~0.1 mm in length. Feynmanite is optically biaxial (–), with α = 1.534(2), β = 1.561(2) and γ = 1.571(2) (white light); 2Vmeas.= 62(2)°; no dispersion; and optical orientation:X=b,Y≈a,Z≈c. It is weakly pleochroic:X= colourless,Y= very pale green yellow andZ= pale green yellow (X<Y<Z). Electron microprobe analyses (WDS mode) provided (Na0.84Fe0.01)(U1.01O2)(S1.01O4)(OH)·3.5H2O. The five strongest powder X-ray diffraction lines are [dobsÅ(I)(hkl)]: 8.37(100)(010), 6.37(33)($\bar{1}$01,101), 5.07(27)($\bar{1}$11,111), 4.053(46)(004,021) and 3.578(34)(120). Feynmanite is monoclinic, has space groupP2/n,a= 6.927(3),b= 8.355(4),c= 16.210(7) Å, β = 90.543(4)°,V= 938.1(7) Å3andZ= 4. The structure of feynmanite (R1= 0.0371 for 1879Io> 2σI) contains edge-sharing pairs of pentagonal bipyramids that are linked by sharing corners with SO4groups, yielding a [(UO2)2(SO4)2(OH)2]2–sheet based on the phosphuranylite anion topology. The sheet is topologically identical to those in deliensite, johannite and plášilite. The dehydration of feynmanite to plášilite results in interlayer collapse involving geometric reconfiguration of the sheets and the ordering of Na.
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Martin, Molly A., Oksana Pugach, Giselle Mosnaim, Sally Weinstein, Genesis Rosales, Angkana Roy, Andrea A. Pappalardo, and Surrey Walton. "Community Health Worker Asthma Interventions for Children: Results From a Clinically Integrated Randomized Comparative Effectiveness Trial (2016‒2019)." American Journal of Public Health 111, no. 7 (July 2021): 1328–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2021.306272.
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Objectives. To compare asthma control for children receiving either community health worker (CHW) or certified asthma educator (AE-C) services. Methods. The Asthma Action at Erie Trial is a comparative effectiveness trial that ran from 2016 to 2019 in Cook County, Illinois. Participants (aged 5‒16 years with uncontrolled asthma) were randomized to 10 home visits from clinically integrated asthma CHWs or 2 in-clinic sessions from an AE-C. Results. Participants (n = 223) were mainly Hispanic (85%) and low-income. Both intervention groups showed significant improvement in asthma control scores over time. Asthma control was maintained after interventions ended. The CHW group experienced a greater improvement in asthma control scores. One year after intervention cessation, the CHW group had a 42% reduction in days of activity limitation relative to the AE-C group (b = 0.58; 95% confidence interval = 0.35, 0.96). Conclusions. Both interventions were associated with meaningful improvements in asthma control. Improvements continued for 1 year after intervention cessation and were stronger with the CHW intervention. Public Health Implications. Clinically integrated asthma CHW and AE-C services that do not provide home environmental remediation equipment may improve and sustain asthma control.
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Dunn, Pete J., Donald R. Peacor, Alan J. Criddle, and Robert B. Finkelman. "Laphamite, an arsenic selenide analogue of orpiment, from burning anthracite deposits in Pennsylvania." Mineralogical Magazine 50, no. 356 (June 1986): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1986.050.356.11.
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AbstractLaphamite, ideally As2(Se,S)3, is monoclinic, P21/n, with a = 11.86(1), b = 9.756(9), c = 4.265(9) Å, β = 90.17°, V = 493.5 Å3, Z = 4, D (calc.) = 4.60, D (meas.) = 4.5(1) g/cm3. Microprobe analysis yielded: As 47.0, Se 43.7, S 8.7, sum = 99.4 wt. %. In plane polarized light in polished section at about 3200 K laphamite is moderately bireflectant from white to grey. Reflection pleochroism is absent but fiery red internal reflections are characteristic as are golden yellow reflections along scratches. Anisotropy is moderate with grey rotation tints, masked in some sections by internal reflections. Reflectance spectra in air and oil between 400 and 700 nm are given. Colour values for the CIE illiminant C in air are, for R1 followed by R2: Y% 29.0, 33.5, λd 480, 478; Pe% 9.1, 8.7. Laphamite forms dark red crystals, up to 5.0 mm, associated with orpiment, arsenolite, and an unnamed phase, NH4AlF4, in a burning coal waste-dump at Burnside, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania.
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Albright, Mary Beth, and Theresa M. Ferrari. "Push” and “Pull” A Qualitative Study of Factors that Contribute to Older Youth Leaving the 4-H Program." Journal of Youth Development 5, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2010.209.
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For years, 4-H has struggled with the complex issue of membership retention, especially among older youth. However, little research has been done concerning why 4-H members choose to leave the program. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the reasons for leaving 4-H with the ultimate goal of improving retention of older members. Specific objectives of the study were to (a) explore reasons why youth chose not to re-enroll in the program, (b) identify barriers to participation, and (c) determine what conditions would facilitate participation. Focus group participants consisted of older youth (n=16) who were enrolled in 4-H in a community club in 2007 in Erie County (Ohio), but who did not re-enroll in 2008. Significant findings from the study concerning the retention of older 4-H youth were related to (a) experiences with adult leaders, (b) experiences with competition, and (c) conflicts with other activities. Recommendations for theory, research, and practice are offered.
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SHI, SHI, HAIJUN YANG, XUEFEN WEI, QIANYU LIANG, XINDONG YANG, XIANXING ZENG, CHONGLIN XIE, et al. "Gastrodia qingyunshanensis (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae)—a new holomycotrophic orchid from Guangdong, China." Phytotaxa 483, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.483.2.10.
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A new species of Gastrodia (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae, Gastrodieae), G. qingyunshanensis, is described and illustrated from Guangdong, China. It is closely related to G. appendiculata C. S. Leou & N. J. Chung but can be distinguished by an urceolate (vs bell-like) and dark brown (vs pale greenish brown) perianth tube, the smaller petals (2.5 × 1.6 mm vs 4–5 × 5–6 mm), the shape of lip (oblong, 3×1.6mm vs ovate, 6–7×5mm), lack of elevated calli at the base of petal (vs having calli), and an appendage shorter than column (vs equal to column). The new species is only reported to occur on Qingyunshan Nature Reserve, Wengyuan County, China, and it is proposed to be Vulnerable (VU) according to the IUCN criteria.
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Demarco, Camille E., Pei Lu, David F. Peace, Sunny Singh, Dennis F. Angelov, Kelly A. Benante, Ahmed T. Ahmed, and Paul G. Rubinstein. "Characteristics, Social Factors, and Trends in HIV and AIDS-Related Lymphoma: A 23-Year Analysis Since the Implementation of c ART, a County Hospital AIDS Malignancy Project (CHAMP) Study." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 2304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-117391.
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Abstract Introduction: Stroger Hospital (CCH) and the Ruth M. Rothstein CORE Center (CC) are the largest health providers for HIV+ patients (pts) in Chicago and one of the largest HIV clinics in the United States. CCH/CC treat approximately 5,000 HIV+ individuals per year and 40 newly diagnosed HIV-associated cancers annually. The CHAMP Study was originally a retrospective database from 1990 to 2010 of all clinical, demographic, cancer characteristics of pts diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. Since then, the study has compiled data prospectively on all pts with hematological malignancies. In this study, we analyzed various characteristics of pts with HIV/AIDS diagnosed with lymphoma as well as changes seen over time including therapy response since the implementation of combined anti-retroviral therapy (cART). In addition, we assessed variables including drug use, psychiatric history (hx) and time of HIV diagnosis (dx) with respect to cancer presentation. While large population studies of HIV and cancer exist, few studies specifically examine the largest growing HIV demographic, the inner-city HIV population. Methods: Patient's HIV and cancer clinical, laboratory, and survival data were compiled from the CHAMP database. Psychiatric hx and social factors including drug use and time of HIV dx were also analyzed by retrospective chart review and compared between racial and gender groups as well as differences and overall survival (OS). Survival data was examined using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox Proportional Hazards model. Statistical comparisons between different groups were performed via the Fisher's exact test. Results: Between 1995-2018, 226 lymphoma pts were identified spanning 26 diagnoses. Fifty-nine percent, 28%, and 11% were African American (AA), Hispanic, and Caucasian, respectively. The cohort was 87% male. The median age by disease ranged from 35-45. Categorized by cancer type; 32% were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL; n=72), 22.5% classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL; n=32), 13% Burkitt lymphoma (BL; n=29), 6.7% primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL; n=15), and 5% plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL; n=11). Seventy-eight percent of pts presented with stage III/IV disease. CD4+ T cell count (CD4) at dx varied by disease, with the median CD4 count ranging from 19 for PCNSL to 260 cells/µL in cHL. DLBCL pts treated with DAEPOCHR (n=23) had a 5-year OS of 80% vs. 68% treated with CHOPR (n=35; p=0.4). cHL had a 5-year OS of 76%. PBL and BL had a 10-year OS of 62% and 58%, respectively. Cases of cHL decreased from 48% of all lymphomas in 2012 (n=8) to 9% in 2017 (p<0.01) while the incidence of BL dropped from 38% in 2004 to 0-10% in 2015-2017. PBL was diagnosed only twice before 2013 to on average of 20% of all lymphomas diagnosed from 2014-17. As a whole, 22% of pts were diagnosed with HIV/AIDS at time of lymphoma dx. Moreover, 13/21 (62%) of Hispanics, 9/41 (22%) AA and 3/11 (30%) Caucasians (p<0.007) with DLBCL and 5/6 (83%) Hispanic vs. 3/18 (18%) AA pts with BL were diagnosed with HIV/AIDS at dx (P<0.007). While Hispanics with DLBCL were more likely to be diagnosed with HIV at lymphoma dx, there was no difference in OS at 5 years, 76% vs. 75%, when stratified by those presenting with compared to those without a known hx of HIV infection. Furthermore, 11/43 (26%) AA DLBCL pts had a hx or known psychiatric disorder compared to 0/20 (0%) Hispanic pts (p<0.037). Men 26/59 (44%) vs. 8/10 (80%) women DLBCL pts had hx of known drug use (p=0.036). No difference in OS by drug use, type of drug, alcohol use, or psychiatric hx was identified in the DLBCL cohort. Conclusions: HIV/AIDS-associated lymphoma in the inner-city remains an AA, male dominated disease, a clear disparity compared to the US HIV/cancer population. Dissimilar to national trends, a statistical decrease in cases of cHL and BL has been noticed over time with a concomitant elevation in PBL. Outcomes for DLBCL were improved with DAEPOCHR compared to CHOPR. Wh en analyzed by race, the majority of Hispanics with lymphoma were diagnosed with HIV at the time of dx, statistically significant, over AA and Caucasians. AA also demonstrated a statistically significant increase in psychiatric hx compared to other races. These findings could explain why 78% of our lymphoma cohort present with advanced stage disease. Combining efforts in prevention/screening of HIV and drug use and providing psychological interventions could help improve outcomes for Hispanics and AA beyond that made with improved therapies. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Zhang, G. R., M. A. Newman, and C. A. Bradley. "First Report of the Soybean Frogeye Leaf Spot Fungus (Cercospora sojina) Resistant to Quinone Outside Inhibitor Fungicides in North America." Plant Disease 96, no. 5 (May 2012): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-11-0915-pdn.
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Quinone outside inhibitor (QoI; also known as strobilurin) fungicides sometimes are applied to soybean (Glycine max) fields to help manage frogeye leaf spot of soybean (caused by Cercospora sojina) in the United States. In August 2010, soybean leaflets exhibiting severe frogeye leaf spot symptoms were collected from a field in Lauderdale County, TN that had been treated twice with pyraclostrobin during that growing season. The field had been planted into soybean annually since at least 2008, and a QoI fungicide had been applied to the field in each of those years. Fifteen single-spore isolates of C. sojina were recovered from the affected soybean leaflets. These isolates were identified as C. sojina based on the observed symptoms on the soybean leaflets and the morphology and size of conidiophores and conidia (3). In addition, DNA was extracted from the cultures, PCR amplification of the small subunit rDNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was conducted (2), and the resulting PCR product was sequenced at the Keck Biotechnology Center at the University of Illinois, Urbana. The resulting nucleotide sequences were compared with sequences deposited in the nucleotide database ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ) and showed highest homology to sequences of C. sojina. The isolates were tested for their sensitivity to technical-grade formulations of the QoI fungicides azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin with an in vitro conidial germination assay with fungicide + salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)-amended potato dextrose agar as described by Bradley and Pedersen (1). The effective concentration at which 50% conidial germination was inhibited (EC50) was determined for all 15 C. sojina isolates, with mean values of 3.1644 (2.7826 to 4.5409), 0.3297 (0.2818 to 0.6404), and 0.8573 (0.3665 to 2.5119) μg/ml for azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin, respectively. When compared with previously established mean EC50 values of C. sojina baseline isolates (4), EC50 values of the C. sojina isolates collected from the Lauderdale County, TN soybean field were approximately 249- to 7,144-fold greater than the EC50 values of the baseline isolates. These results indicate that all isolates recovered from the Lauderdale County, TN soybean field were highly resistant to QoI fungicides. To our knowledge, this is the first report of QoI fungicide resistance occurring in C. sojina, and surveys for additional QoI fungicide-resistant C. sojina isolates are needed to determine their prevalence and geographic distribution. In light of these findings, soybean growers in Tennessee and adjacent states should consider utilizing alternative frogeye leaf spot management practices such as planting resistant cultivars, rotating to nonhost crops, and tilling affected soybean residue (3). References: (1) C. A. Bradley and D. K. Pedersen. Plant Dis. 95:189, 2011. (2) N. S. Lord et al. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 42:327, 2002. (3) D. V. Phillips. Page 20 in: Compendium of Soybean Diseases. 4th ed. G. L. Hartman et al., eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1999. (4) G. Zhang et al. Phytopathology (Abstr.) 100(suppl.):S145, 2010.
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Castro, Mark S., William T. Peterjohn, Jerry M. Melillo, Paul A. Steudler, Henry L. Gholz, and David Lewis. "Effects of nitrogen fertilization on the fluxes of N2O, CH4, and CO2 from soils in a Florida slash pine plantation." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 24, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x94-002.
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We measured fluxes of N2O, CH4 and CO2 from control and urea-nitrogen fertilized soils of a mature slash pine (Pinuselliottii var. elliottii Englem.) plantation in Alachua County, Florida. The fertilization did not affect CO2 emissions, but significantly increased the emissions of N2O and lowered the uptake of atmospheric CH4. Daily average N2O emissions from the fertilized soils were 8–600 times higher (12–74 μg N2O-N•m−2•h−1) than daily average N2O emissions from control soils (0.02–4.0 μg N2O-N•m−2•h−1). Daily average CH4 uptake by the fertilized soils were 5–20 times lower (0.001–0.007 mg CH4-C•m−2•h−1) than daily average CH4 uptake by control soils (0.015–0.035 mg CH4-C•m−2•h−1). We also measured the relative activities of the bacteria populations that were responsible for CH4 oxidation in the control and fertilized soils. Results from these measurements suggest that fertilization shifted the relative activities of the CH4 oxidizing bacteria from those dominated by methanotrophs in the control soils to those dominated by nitrifying bacteria in the surface (0–2 cm) of the fertilized soils. The shift in relative activities of these bacteria may have been responsible for the lower CH4 uptake by the fertilized soils.