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1

Wang, Yun, and Wenxuan Jiang. "Statistical Processing of IEEE 802.15.4 Data Collected in Industrial Environment." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi och medier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-19619.

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Wireless sensor network, which is constitute of autonomous sensors, is used for monitoring physical or environmental conditions like temperature, sound, pressure, and so on. The dispersed sensors or nodes will respectively pass their data through the network to the main location. Currently, several standards are ratified or in developing for wireless sensor network, like Wireless Hart, ISA, 100.11a, WIA-PAA, IEEE 802.15.4, etc. Among the standards, Zigbee is often used in industrial applications that require short-range and low-rate wireless transfer. In the research, all the data is collected under industrial environment using IEEE 802.15.4 compliant physical layer, some packets are interfered only by multi-path fading while others are also interfered by Wi-Fi interference. The goal of the thesis is to find out the dependence between the received power (RSS), correlation value (CORR) and bit error rate (BER) of the received message, and their distribution in situations both when the packet is lost or not. Besides, the performance of bit error rate such as the distribution and the features of burst error length under Wi-Fi interference or not will also be tested. All of them are based on a precise statistical processing.
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Gutiérrez, Enrique García. "Outdoor localization system based on Android and ZigBee capable devices." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för datalogi och datorsystemteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5353.

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Context. Localization and positioning services are nowadays very extended and the growth is still continuing. Many places already provide wireless tracking systems to monitor the people or material movements, specially indoors. The new arising ZigBee wireless technology provides an efficient network management and a low battery consumption, making it appropriate for location purposes in portable devices like mobile phones. Objectives. The aim is to locate a ZigBee device located inside a golf ball that has been lost within an outdoors area. An Android phone connected to a ZigBee device via USB will serve as coordinator of the localization network and by giving on-screen instructions and guidance provided by the conceptual Decision Support System (DSS). Methods. The measurement used in the localization process is the Received Signal Strength (RSS). With this data, the distance between the sensors can be estimated. However to obtain an accurate position several readings from different sensors might be needed. This paper tests the precision levels of the ZigBee modules varying the number of sensors in the localization network and using the triangulation method. Results. The precision is the main variable measured in the results, which reaches distance variation of less than 1 meter in cases where the triangulation approach can be applied. For the localization process, the use of less than three sensors lead to very poor results, obtaining a wrong localization in around 30\% of the cases. Also, movement patterns were discovered to improve the localization process. All this data can be used as an input for the DSS for future improvements. Conclusions. This study proves that outdoor positioning with ZigBee devices is possible if the required level of precision is not very high. However, more studies concerning localization with less than three sensors have to be conducted to try to reach the goal of one-on-one localization. This study opens the door for further investigations in this matter.
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Dabcevic, Kresimir. "Evaluation of Software Defined Radio platform with respect to implementation of 802.15.4 Zigbee." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-12564.

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With the development of powerful computational resources such as Digital Signal Processors and Field Programmable Gate Arrays, It has become possible to utilize many radio functions via software. This is the main concept of an up-and-coming technology of Software Defined Radio. In the Thesis, a number of platforms for implementation of Software Defined Radio has been evaluated. Platform that proved to be most suitable for the project was Ettus’ USRP N210. Using the platform, implementation of 802.15.4 Zigbee’s physical layer was done, where experiments whose outputs can later be used to compare performance with respect to "hardware radios" were performed.<br>Med utvecklingen av enheter med kraftfulla beräkningsegenskaper som “Digital Signal Processors” och “Field Programmable Gate Arrays” har det blivit möjligt att implementera flera radiofunktioner i mjukvara. Det är huvudkonceptet i den uppåtgående teknologin mjukvaru definierad radio.I det här examensarbetet har ett flertal plattformar för mjukvaru definierad radioutvärderats. Plattformen som visade sig vara mest lämplig för projektet var Ettus USRP N210. En implementation av IEEE 802.15.4 Zigbees fysiska lager har realiserats till plattformen. Experiment, vars utdata senare kan användas för att jämföra prestanda mellan mjukvaru definierad radio och hårdvaru baserad radio, har även utförts.<br>TESLA - Time-critical and Safe wireLess Automation communication<br>GAUSS - Guaranteed Automation communication Under Severe disturbanceS
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Helgesson, Dan, and Emelie Nilsson. "Comparison and implementation of IPS." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fysik och elektroteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-110895.

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Innomhuspositioneringssystem kan med fördel användas i många olika tillämpningar, allt från sjukhus till shoppingcenter. Denna rapport behandlar olika tekniker och lösningar för att designa ett positioneringssystem. Rapporten tar även upp i detalj hur ett system kan konstrueras av ZigBee kombinerat med dödräkning.
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Lourme, Olivier. "Détection d'intrusions réaliste dans les maisons connectées à l'aide d'indicateurs physiques volatiles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILB024.

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Au sein de l'Internet des Objets, le secteur de la maison connectée est en plein essor. Pour quelques dizaines d'euros, chacun peut s'équiper de solutions domotiques intelligentes commandables à distance. Ces écosystèmes sont cela dit vulnérables à des attaques variées en raison A) d'une conception essentiellement guidée par le coût, générant des objets contraints sans implémentation de sécurité viable possible, B) de l'utilisation par ces objets de protocoles de communication sans-fil hétérogènes, dispersant les efforts de sécurisation, et C) de la gestion de ces objets par des consommateurs non-experts, adeptes du « setup and forget ».Contrairement à l'informatique traditionnelle où les solutions de protection sont répandues, nous faisons le constat de l'absence de proposition commerciale équivalente dans la maison connectée. Dans cette thèse, nous nous interrogeons sur les conditions de l'adoption à grande échelle de solutions de sécurité de type Systèmes de Détection d'Intrusion (IDS), visant à protéger les objets contraints déjà déployés. Ainsi, une première contribution recense les caractéristiques des maisons connectées pour les croiser avec des taxonomies d'IDS, afin de proposer les critères qualitatifs d'une solution de sécurité domestique réaliste.Par la suite, afin de faciliter la conception d'IDS, une deuxième contribution met à disposition de la communauté scientifique un jeu de données Zigbee, participant à la fourniture d'outils couvrant les principaux protocoles de la maison connectée. Toutes les trames échangées par 10 objets pendant 10 jours ont été capturées par 4 sondes distribuées dans un domicile-test. Des attaques ont été introduites afin d'établir et comparer différentes stratégies de détection. Outre une redondance des données de couche MAC, le jeu de données tire son originalité de l'extraction par chaque sonde du RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) de chaque trame. Cette grandeur de couche physique, accessible à peu de frais dans les technologies sans-fil, permet de participer à l'identification de nœuds fixes. Par la suite, on peut imaginer d'identifier robustement chaque objet par une empreinte de couche physique faite d'un tuple de RSSI, complexe à imiter par un attaquant.Enfin, dans une troisième contribution, nous exploitons le jeu de données pour proposer un IDS détectant les attaques d'usurpation d'identité, favorisées par le fait que des piles de protocoles n'intègrent que peu ou pas d'authentification sur leur couche MAC. Pour les détecter, la cohérence de l'identifiant de couche MAC et de l'empreinte précédente à base de RSSI peut être considérée mais ce n'est plus possible quand les environnements sont sans cesse redessinés par les habitants qui y évoluent, les RSSI devenant volatiles. En fournissant des séries temporelles de RSSI en entrée d'un algorithme d'apprentissage non supervisé, nous établissons pour chaque couple (objet, sonde) un modèle des séquences RSSI normales. Les déviations par rapport au modèle permettent de détecter une attaque. Les métriques de détection obtenues, très intéressantes en regard de la faible complexité de l'architecture initiale envisagée, ainsi que les évaluations de l'autonomie et du coût de la solution laissent entrevoir une diffusion de tels systèmes dans les maisons connectées<br>Within the Internet of Things, the smart home sector is booming. For a few tens of euros, everyone can be equipped with smart-home automation solutions that can be controlled remotely. However, these ecosystems are vulnerable to various attacks due to A) an essentially cost-driven design, generating constrained devices with too few resources for viable security implementations, B) the use by these devices of multiple wireless communication protocols, dispersing security efforts, and C) the management of these devices by non-expert consumers, following a “setup and forget” policy.Unlike traditional IT where protection solutions are widespread, we note the absence of an equivalent commercial proposal in smart-home environments. In this thesis, we question the conditions for a large-scale adoption of security solutions such as Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), aiming at protecting constrained devices already deployed. Thus, a first contribution identifies the characteristics of smart homes to cross them with IDS taxonomies, in order to propose the qualitative criteria of a realistic domestic security solution.Subsequently, in order to facilitate the design of IDS, a second contribution provides the scientific community with a Zigbee dataset, participating to the availability of tools covering the main protocols found in smart homes. All the frames exchanged by 10 devices during 10 days were captured by 4 probes distributed in a test house. Attacks have been introduced in order to establish and compare different detection strategies. In addition to MAC layer data redundancy, the dataset derives its originality from the extraction by each probe of the RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) of each frame. This physical layer feature, accessible easily in most wireless technologies, allows to participate to the identification of fixed nodes. Later, one can imagine identifying each device more robustly by a physical layer fingerprint made of a tuple of several RSSIs, a complex combination to imitate by an attacker.Finally, in a third contribution, we exploit the dataset to propose several IDSs detecting spoofing attacks, favored by the fact that several protocol stacks integrate little or no authentication on their MAC layer. To detect them, the consistency of the MAC layer identifier and the previous RSSI-based fingerprint can be considered, but this is no longer possible when the environments are constantly redrawn by the evolving inhabitants, as the RSSI becomes volatile. By providing RSSI time series as input to an unsupervised learning algorithm, we establish for each (device, probe) pair a model of normal RSSI sequences. Deviations from this model help detect an attack. The obtained detection metrics, which are very interesting given the low complexity of the initial considered architecture, as well as the evaluations of the autonomy and cost of the solution, suggest the spread of such systems in smart homes
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Al-Olimat, Hussein S. "Optimizing Cloudlet Scheduling and Wireless Sensor Localization using Computational Intelligence Techniques." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1403922600.

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7

Barros, Marcelo Freire de. "Proposta de interconexão do padrão ISO 11783 com redes de sensores sem fio padrão ZigBee." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-19012011-145900/.

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Entre os avanços tecnológicos que visam recuperar o trato da variabilidade espacial e temporal nas culturas agrícolas está a Agricultura de Precisão que busca, além de outros benefícios, melhorar o aproveitamento dos insumos aplicados e a rodutividade, e reduzir o custo de produção e o impacto ambiental causado pelo excesso desses insumos. Para alcançar estes benefícios, recursos de tecnologia da informação e comunicação estão disponíveis em equipamentos agrícolas, tais como sistemas computacionais, sistemas de comunicação de dados sem fio, orientação por satélite por meio dos sistemas de posicionamento global e redes ISO 11783. Também as Redes de Sensores Sem Fio têm sido introduzidas para monitoração do ambiente agrícola. Acredita-se que o desempenho dessas tecnologias possa ser melhorado com a interconexão de ambas as redes, de modo que os dados dos sensores possam ser coletados diretamente pelo computador embarcado no veículo, a partir do instante que este entre no alcance do sinal dos sensores. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem por objetivo propor e demonstrar a viabilidade da interconexão dessas duas redes dentro do contexto da Agricultura de Precisão. Apoiando-se em pesquisa bibliográfica, realizou-se uma comparação entre os modelos ISO/OSI de ambas as redes e identificou-se quais dispositvos de interconexão seriam mais adequados, propondo-se, então, a interconexão. Para demonstrar a sua viabilidade à Agricultura de Precisão, desenvolveu-se um simulador que permitiu realizar um grande número de simulações que consideraram mais de sessenta cenários distintos. Os resultados foram apresentados sob a forma de gráficos, os quais foram analisados considerando-se as limitações impostas por uma aplicação agrícola. Da análise pôde-se concluir que há viabilidade na interconcxão de forma que unidades computacionais ISO 11783 recebam, em tempo real, dados do ambiente obtidos de Redes de Sensores Sem Fio.<br>Precision Agriculture is one of the technological advances used to recoup the treatment of spatial and temporal variability in agricultural crops. Besides other benefits, it tries to improve the exploitation of applied inputs, improve the productivity and reduce production cost as well as lessen the impact on environment caused by excess of input. To achieve these benefits, information and communication technology are available in agricultural equipment such as computational systems, wireless communication, satellite orientation by the global positioning systems and ISO 11783 networks. Recently, Wireless Sensor Network has been introduced for agricultural environment monitoration. It is believed that the performance of these technologies can be improved with the interconnection of both networks. In this way, sensor data can be collected by the computer embedded in the vehicle, at the moment that the vehicle goes into the sensor signal area. The objective of this work is to propose and demonstrate the viability of this interconnection between the networks ISO 11783 and WSN in the Precision Agriculture context. Based on bibliographical research, both network ISO/OSI models were compared, the most adequate interconnection devices were identified and the interconnection was proposed. To demonstrate the interconnection viality in Precision Agriculture systems a simulator was denveloped which permited hundreds of simulations to be done in dozens of distint scenes. The results were shown in graphs which were analysed considering the agriculture application limitations. From this analisis, it was possible to conclude that the interconnection is viable, so that ISO 11783 computation units receive environmental data obtained by the Wireless Sensor Network in real time.
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Ho, Yung-Chih, and 賀永智. "Indoor Location Based on ZigBee Wireless Sensor Network RSSI." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/386yg3.

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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>電子工程系研究所<br>105<br>Positioning technology has concerned and rapidly developed in recent years. Different from the Global Positioning System(GPS), Assisted Global Positioning System(AGPS) and other outdoor positioning system, etc. Although outdoor positioning technology has fully developed and widely used, as the end of positioning technology, however, the development of indoor positioning technology has relatively slow. And people spend more time indoor on work and life, thus the prospect of indoor positioning technology is also very broad. The indoor positioning technologys future will be more important with the rapid development of the Internet of Things, as technology improves every day, indoor positioning system will increasingly popularize, become indispensable in our life. ZigBee is applied for indoor positioning, because its transmission distance is 10~75 m, suitable for using more than three ZigBee network detection node to cover entire indoor space, ZigBee network can through 3 to 16 network detection node to enhance receiving signal to reach purpose of positioning, and meet environments the signal attenuation as moving object positioning. Presently, this technology is widely used in indoor factory workers positioning, can clearly show the location, and provide relevance information for use. Even can be used in factory workers security, e.g., when into the dangerous area, will send warning early. This paper presented using ZigBee network to locate positioning, ZigBee network through the technology of Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI). In the laboratory, use this technology Architecture to locate positioning, using four ZigBee network detection nodes to locate positioning, and present a way to improve the positioning.
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Su, Shih-Ying, and 蘇世瀛. "A power saving technique for ZigBee network by using RSSI." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29048268510016812086.

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碩士<br>國立中興大學<br>資訊科學與工程學系所<br>99<br>Wireless network technology has been developed several decades. It plays a very important role in improving the living convenience for the human. In general, wireless sensor network (WSN) has been applied in many applications such as smart environments, habitat monitoring, surveillance and tracking systems. Thus, the improving of sensor node has been becoming very important. The IEEE has organized 802.15 work teams to propose the low speed short distance wireless transmission standard. In 1998, the Honeywell Company has presented a WSN ZigBee technology, which has been denoted as an IEEE 802.15.4 by IEEE organization. This technology has the advantages of low power and low overhead in considering the implementation of either software or hardware. There are many researches have focused on the issue of how to save energy consumption. However, most of these researches adopt a fixed radio power regardless the distance or location of each sensor node. It induces that the total energy consumption for the WSN cannot be ensured to be minimum. To resolve this issue, this paper proposes a new topology setup mechanism based on the radio signal strength to reduce the hop number in WSN such that the total energy consumption can be reduced. A simulation platform has been setup to demonstrated the correctness and efficiency of our proposed works. Several signals with different signal strength have been selected to evaluate the performance of this proposed work. The experimental results show that choosing proper radio strength induces the reduction of hop while considering the transmission in the WSN.
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Su, Wen-chung, and 蘇文忠. "Robust Algorithm Based on Polynomial Approach to Improve RSSI for Zigbee Positioning System." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78474337110805922906.

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碩士<br>國立高雄第一科技大學<br>電機工程研究所碩士班<br>102<br>In recent years, Zigbee positioning system is a well-known application. Most applications employ Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) to estimate the distance between each node for positioning. Zigbee technology can be applied for positioning system with lower power consumption. Therefore, Zigbee is popularly used to locate a mobile object in an indoor environment. This research proposes a robust algorithm which is able to provide stable RSSI without complex algorithm and heavy hardware requirements. By employing the improved RSSI to estimate the distance, the positioning accuracy can be improved. The conventional approach needs to adjust lots of parameters that cause complex calculation and more hardware requirements. In this thesis, a robust algorithm with four influence parameters αis proposed to provide stable and reliable RSSI. The benefits of the proposed approach are not only higher positioning accuracy, but also simple calculation and less hardware requirements. Furthermore, by adjusting the influence parameters, this algorithm can be applied in different environments. The proposed robust algorithm makes the relationship between RSSI and distance become smoother. The experimental results prove that the proposed robust algorithm can provide stable and reliable RSSI for positioning systems. The positioning accuracy of positioning system is improved about 36.03 % which compared it with the conventional approach.
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Wu, Chia-Ying, and 吳佳穎. "A Greedy Algorithm for RSSI-Based Indoor Location Estimation in ZigBee wireless Networks." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44776403568221077578.

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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>資訊科學與工程研究所<br>99<br>In the contemporary world, the demand for positioning technologies is rising for myriad applications. Many merchandise, public transport systems, emergency rescue, and military equipment all require positioning as a foundation to functionality. Personal applications such as GPS navigation, tourist attraction descriptions, and personal safety management also show substantial demand for positioning. Commonly, Global Positioning System (GPS) is most used in an outdoor setting, allowing the user to pinpoint their geographic location. Although quite effective outdoors, the GPS is less practical in indoor location positioning due to the shielding effect that the architectural structures pose. In this thesis, the Greedy Algorithm for RSSI-Based Indoor Location Estimation in ZigBee wireless Networks is investigated. ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high level communication protocols using small, low-power digital radios based on the IEEE 802.15.4-2003standard. The Greedy algorithm waives the inaccurate anchor nodes, only using a fraction of the anchor nodes to position, resulting in more accurate and reliable positioning as shown in the Experimental Results section.
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Wang, Szu-Hsuan, and 王思琁. "Research on the RSSI Estimation and Reference Nodes Selection Methods Used in ZigBee Positioning Systems." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73ef5f.

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碩士<br>國立虎尾科技大學<br>電機工程研究所<br>99<br>In the ZigBee-based positioning system, the positioning signals used to estimate the distance are mainly by detecting their received signal strength indicator (RSSI) or link quality indicator (LQI). Due to the RSSI easily performed and no additional hardware needed, there are many various RSSI measuring methods proposed by the previous studies in order to create the environment models of the relation between RSSI and distance. As using the environment model to perform positioning procedure, the various measure methods result in different error degrees of the positioning accuracy. Therefore, a low performance complexity and high positioning accuracy measure method will be proposed, named cutting ceiling-floor method, to create the environment model. The experiment results show the good positioning performance by the proposed method. Moreover, in the most researches, they select three highest RSSI level nodes as references from the all fixed nodes to perform the positioning procedure. It usually obtains the worse positioning results. Therefore, a new method to select reference nodes appropriately is proposed according to the slope of curve in the environmental model. When the new selection method is operated to estimate the target positions, the experiment results show that it effectively reduces the erroneous range and improves the positioning accuracy in comparison with selecting the highest RSSI level nodes as the references. Finally, adopting both the cutting ceiling-floor and the reference node selection methods for the various positioning system, the experiment results show that they always have obviously improvements for positioning accuracy in the different environments. As a result, the two proposed methods are useful for the ZigBee positioning systems to promote the performance. Keywords: ZigBee, RSSI, LQI, Positioning.
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Wen-Yi, Cheng, та 鄭文易. "基於ZigBee RSSI定位技術建置智慧倉儲 與環境監測系統". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99jfty.

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碩士<br>國立勤益科技大學<br>電機工程系<br>104<br>In the era of Industry 4.0, the Internet of Things, cloud, big data, and wisdom manufacturing will be the focuses in the development of technological applications. In the trend of wisdom manufacturing, the people-centered work mode will no longer play a dominant role; the Internet of Things-based order management, production planning, and warehouse and logistics management in the supply chains will be replaced by smart machines, so as to reduce the cost of labor, inventory and logistics. Warehouse management is an essential part of the industrial procedure. Late or inaccurate stock and delivery, stock control, warehouse environment monitoring, and disaster alarming would cause troubles to the industry. Based on ZigBee, this study aims to achieve convenience and a low cost. It adopted the received signal strength positioning to locate the goods in the warehouse and made compensation for the human body effect noise effects of the received signal strength positioning, so as to obtain the equation of human body effect noise within certain distance; then, it modified the received signal strength positioning and enhance the accuracy of positioning. With Arduino, this study created the chip Intel Galileo processor. With the data obtained from the temperature and humidity module, the distant infrared sensing elements, and the pressure sensor, this study applied the temperature and humidity module to environmental monitoring and used the distant infrared sensing elements to make flame sensing device as the fire alarm. Moreover, the pressure sensor was used in the force-sensing resistance rectification equation to control the quantity of goods; then, it was sent to personal computer through wireless transmission, and the C# object-oriented software was applied to create the program to achieve immediate data display and cloud data storage. This study used the flame-sensing device to make an experiment about flame distance and measured the responses of the flame-sensing device to flame of different colors. Then, an experiment was done to find out the gap between the pressure sensor of the force-sensing resistance rectification equation used in this study and the scale sold in the market; finally, an experiment was done to compare the effects on the accuracy of positioning among the received signal strength positioning, the received signal strength transmission coefficient “n” weight positioning, and the received signal strength human body effect noise modification. As has been demonstrated in the experiment, the positioning used in this study is more accurate than other measures of positioning; the gap between weight sensing and the scale sold in the market meets the national standards for measurement; the flame-sensing device can work properly and be combined with the positioning system to immediately locate the source of fire, which can enhance the speed and accuracy of warehouse management, ensure immediate and accurate control over the data in the warehouse, appropriately maintain and control inventory, and improve the efficiency of warehouse management.
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Wang, Sung-Ling, and 王菘麟. "RSS and IMU Indoor Navigation Information Fusion System in ZigBee Wireless Sensor Networks." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54938477950734418381.

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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>航空太空工程學系碩博士班<br>94<br>This thesis investigates a new fused indoor position determination technique. The fused position determination technique takes the advantages of position information from measurements of Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and the distance prediction based positioning algorithm in a wireless sensor network. The goal of this thesis is to obtain an accurate, drift-free positioning method indoors by utilizing the technique mentioned above. In this thesis, the distance prediction based positioning algorithm uses degradation of received signal strength (RSS) in the user end as an indication of distance between beacons and the user in a wireless sensor network. Four sensors in the network act as beacons. A signal propagation model must be utilized to transfer the RSS information into distance. As a consequence, no matter what kind of signal propagation model is chosen, one must determine the parameters of signal propagation model before utilizing it. This thesis uses a simple, straightforward but effective self-parameter-determination technique to determine the parameters of the signal propagation model at different environments in a wireless sensor network. This thesis tries to fuse the position information obtained from the distance prediction based positioning algorithm and IMU using Kalman filter for static case and Iterated Least Squares (ILS) filter for dynamic case. The experimental results by utilizing position information obtained from distance prediction based positioning algorithm, measurements of IMU and the fused method will be shown. The position information obtained from IMU is relatively accurate in comparison with which obtained from the distance prediction based positioning algorithm. However, only distance prediction based positioning algorithm can determine the absolute position of a user in a wireless sensor network. By fusing the two methods, the accuracy of the fused positioning system is about 1m RMS error.
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Santos, Filipe Edgar Sousa. "Monitorização de provas de educação física." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/337.

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O presente trabalho tem por objectivo desenvolver um sistema de monitorização de provas de educação física e do ambiente circundante. Neste projecto desenvolveu-se um protótipo para uma Rede de Sensores Sem Fios (RSSF) que realiza a monitorização, em tempo real, do esforço e desempenho da actividade física dos atletas e das características físicas do ambiente. Estudou-se o funcionamento das RSSF, baseadas no protocolo ZigBee, e foram desenvolvidos módulos de monitorização de atletas e ambiente que integram esta tecnologia como meio de comunicação. O módulo de monitorização de atletas é composto por acelerómetro, sensor de batimento cardíaco e GPS. Inclui um serviço de localização secundário a partir do received signal strenght indicator (RSSI) caso o serviço de GPS estiver indisponível. O módulo de monitorização ambiental é composto por vários sensores que monitorizam: humidade, temperatura, luminosidade, monóxido de carbono, dióxido de carbono e oxigénio. Cada módulo de monitorização ambiental foi munido com Bluetooth, por forma a que os atletas, sempre que no alcance da rede, possam com o próprio telemóvel consultar o valor actual dos parâmetros ambientais e a sua localização. Estes dados são medidos e transmitidos periodicamente, em tempo real, pela rede ZigBee para uma estação base acoplada a um computador. Os dados são armazenados e processados e os resultados são disponibilizados através de uma aplicação no computador local e de uma página na Internet. Neste trabalho verifica-se que a RSSF, que utiliza o protocolo ZigBee, é capaz de realizar comunicação entre atletas, sensores ambientais e computador com baixo consumo energético, optimizando a autonomia pretendida. Este sistema de RSSF integrado com a tecnologia sensorial actual, permite o desenvolvimento de módulos com um elevado nível de funcionalidades em dimensões relativamente reduzidas.<br>Universidade da Madeira
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Lima, José Evaristo Lopes. "Sistema de comunicação e controlo para hidroponia." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/34363.

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Dissertação de mestrado em Engenharia Mecatrónica<br>A hidroponia é um método de cultivo onde as plantas crescem sem solo, que usa apenas uma solução baseada em nutrientes para alimentar as plantas. (Saaid, et al., 2013) As produções agrícolas são afetadas por diversos fenómenos meteorológicos, em particular, no caso da hidroponia para além desses fatores existem outros ligados à solução nutritiva que interferem no crescimento das plantas. Neste trabalho, é feita a monitorização da solução nutritiva e também da temperatura, humidade e luminosidade através de uma rede de sensores sem fios. O sistema é destinado ao interior de uma estufa e disponibiliza informação em tempo real, sobre as variáveis recolhidas, ao agricultor a partir de um computador. A metodologia utilizada neste trabalho consiste em fazer um levantamento das necessidades na cultura por hidroponia, seguidamente fazer um estudo de mercado sobre componentes eletrónicos – sensores e por fim desenvolver todo o sistema, software e hardware.<br>Hydroponic method of growing plants is based on a mineral nutrient solution (in water) without soil. There are several weather phenomena which affect the crop yields and, on this particular case of hydroponics crop, there are other factors that interfere with the plants’ growth such as nutrient solution. (Saaid, et al., 2013) Therefore, in this work is made the nutrient solution monitoring and also the temperature, humidity and luminosity monitoring by a wireless sensor network. The system is conceived for the insides of a greenhouse and it provides to the farmer real time information on the collected variables from a computer. The methodology in this project consists in doing a statement of requirements in hydroponics culture, a research and market study about electronic components (like sensors) and, in the end, develop a system.
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