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1
Ronak, Jain, Pareek Avani, Shrivastav Brakha, and Vijay Rekha. "A Review on RTOS and its Applications." Advancement and Research in Instrumentation Engineering 6, no. 1 (2023): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7722299.
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<em>A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an integral part of a real-time embedded system (RTES). The majority of RTESs operate in dynamic contexts, thus it is impossible to predict in advance how much work will require computing</em><em>. As a result, RTOSs greatly aid in the smooth operation of the RTES through efficient resource management and job scheduling techniques.</em><em> This article looks at the current RTOS design issues and their application. The most recent RTOSs in a wide range of categories are thoroughly reviewed and explained. The post features a comparison study with their possibilities discussed so that interested readers may use it as a convenient starting place for their research on this subject.</em>
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Shukla, Amit K., Rachit Sharma, and Pranab K. Muhuri. "A Review of the Scopes and Challenges of the Modern Real-Time Operating Systems." International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems 9, no. 1 (2018): 66–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijertcs.2018010104.
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A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an integral part of a real-time embedded system (RTES). Most of the RTESs work on dynamic environments, and hence, the computational cost of tasks cannot be calculated in advance. Thus, RTOSs play a significant role in the smooth operations of the RTES through efficient task scheduling schemes and resource managements. This article investigates the existing design challenges and scope of the modern RTOSs. A wide variety of latest RTOSs are discussed and elaborated in detail. A comparative study with their prospects has been explained so that interested readers can use the article as a readily available starting point for their further studies on this topic.
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Zhou, Zheng-Mao, Zhou-Rong Zhu, and Ming Cai. "Designing an Efficient and Extensible Robustness Benchmark of a Real-Time Operating System." Cybernetics and Information Technologies 15, no. 1 (2015): 84–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cait-2015-0008.
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Abstract An important step in the development of a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) is the validation of its tolerance properties. An abnormal input (fault injection) has become one of the most efficient ways to test the software robustness. In this paper we have designed a comprehensive robustness benchmark to evaluate the current popular RTOSs by faults injection. Firstly, we provide a set of uniform application program interfaces to ensure that the benchmark can be easily ported to a new RTOS. Then a package testing method has been used to improve the testing efficiency. Finally, a comprehensive robustness evaluation model is provided for the quantitative evaluation of RTOS robustness. Three popular RTOSs (Ucos2.62, Vxworks5.4 and Rtems4.10) have been evaluated with the help of our benchmark and we have found that Rtems performs best in robust evaluation, while Vxworks performs worst.
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Wang, Yingxu, Cyprian F. Ngolah, Guangping Zeng, Philip C. Y. Sheu, C. Philip Choy, and Yousheng Tian. "The Formal Design Model of a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS+)." International Journal of Software Science and Computational Intelligence 2, no. 2 (2010): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jssci.2010040106.
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A real-time operating system (RTOS) provides a platform for the design and implementation of a wide range of applications in real-time systems, embedded systems, and mission-critical systems. This paper presents a formal design model for a general RTOS known as RTOS+ that enables a specific target RTOS to be rigorously and efficiently derived in real-world applications. The methodology of a denotational mathematics, Real-Time Process Algebra (RTPA), is described for formally modeling and refining architectures, static behaviors, and dynamic behaviors of RTOS+. The conceptual model of the RTOS+ system is introduced as the initial requirements for the system. The architectural model of RTOS+ is created using RTPA architectural modeling methodologies and refined by a set of Unified Data Models (UDMs). The static behaviors of RTOS+ are specified and refined by a set of Unified Process Models (UPMs). The dynamic behaviors of the RTOS+ system are specified and refined by the real-time process scheduler and system dispatcher. This work is presented in two papers; the conceptual and architectural models of RTOS+ is described in this paper, while the static and dynamic behavioral models of RTOS+ will be elaborated in a forthcoming paper.
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Wang, Yingxu, Guangping Zeng, Cyprian F. Ngolah, Philip C. Y. Sheu, C. Philip Choy, and Yousheng Tian. "The Formal Design Model of a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS+)." International Journal of Software Science and Computational Intelligence 2, no. 3 (2010): 79–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jssci.2010070106.
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A real-time operating system (RTOS) provides a platform for the design and implementation of a wide range of applications in real-time systems, embedded systems, and mission-critical systems. This paper presents a formal design model for a general RTOS known as RTOS+ that enables a specific target RTOS to be rigorously and efficiently derived in real-world applications. The methodology of a denotational mathematics, Real-Time Process Algebra (RTPA), is described for formally modeling and refining architectures, static behaviors, and dynamic behaviors of RTOS+. The conceptual model of the RTOS+ system is introduced as the initial requirements for the system. The architectural model of RTOS+ is created using RTPA architectural modeling methodologies and refined by a set of Unified Data Models (UDMs). The static behaviors of RTOS+ are specified and refined by a set of Unified Process Models (UPMs). The dynamic behaviors of the RTOS+ system are specified and refined by the real-time process scheduler and system dispatcher. This work is presented in two papers in serial due to its excessive length. The static and dynamic behavioral models of RTOS+ is described in this paper; while the conceptual and architectural models of RTOS+ has been published in IJSSCI 2(2).
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S, Santhosh M., and Nagaraja G. S. "A Survey on Different Real Time Operating Systems." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, no. 5 (2021): 221–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.e2762.0610521.
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To minimise development costs and enhance dependability, modern embedded system development is increasingly emphasising on software modularity and reuse. Microcontrollers are extensively employed in embedded applications that have a very specific and specialised job to complete. The embedded applications are always resource constraint which requires efficient utilization of available resources. A Real Time Operating System (RTOS) is frequently used in this context to plan task execution as well as enable intertask communication and synchronisation. This paper provides the survey of different RTOS available in market and their applications. Several open source RTOS such as Free RTOS, VxWorks, SmallRTOS and TinyOS are compared with respect to the scheduling algorithms used.
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Santhosh, M. S., and G. S. Nagaraja. "A Survey on Different Real Time Operating Systems." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 10, no. 5 (2021): 221–23. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.E2762.0610521.
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To minimise development costs and enhance dependability, modern embedded system development is increasingly emphasising on software modularity and reuse. Microcontrollers are extensively employed in embedded applications that have a very specific and specialised job to complete. The embedded applications are always resource constraint which requires efficient utilization of available resources. A Real Time Operating System (RTOS) is frequently used in this context to plan task execution as well as enable intertask communication and synchronisation. This paper provides the survey of different RTOS available in market and their applications. Several open source RTOS such as Free RTOS, VxWorks, SmallRTOS and TinyOS are compared with respect to the scheduling algorithms used.
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Khan, Sarah. "Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) with Different Application: A Systematic Mapping." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 6, no. 1 (2021): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2021.6.1.2322.
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It is very essential to develop the design and structure of Real time operating system (RTOS) exclusively if we are using this for some special tenders. There any researches believed that (RTOS) are conventional approach to designing devices (RTOS) are used to facilitate to implement different criteria and projects such as time to constrained products, the clustering, the fire alarm system, the wireless sensors powered by renewable energy sensors powered, the stability integrated modular Avionics (IMA) and the alternative programs. In this research, several publications have investigated to perceive the performance of RTOS. These study emphases on a review of RTOS in different criteria and projects to evaluate their performance on different Oss and computing platforms. In this publication data is collected comprehensively factors. In this paper, statistics and results helped in implementation of a more engrossed technique towards the implementation and improvement of RTOS. This paper, highest RTOS are clustering and performance for all applications, white alternate programs measured as least important.
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Khan, Sarah. "Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) with Different Application: A Systematic Mapping." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 6, no. 1 (2021): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2021.6.1.2322.
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It is very essential to develop the design and structure of Real time operating system (RTOS) exclusively if we are using this for some special tenders. There any researches believed that (RTOS) are conventional approach to designing devices (RTOS) are used to facilitate to implement different criteria and projects such as time to constrained products, the clustering, the fire alarm system, the wireless sensors powered by renewable energy sensors powered, the stability integrated modular Avionics (IMA) and the alternative programs. In this research, several publications have investigated to perceive the performance of RTOS. These study emphases on a review of RTOS in different criteria and projects to evaluate their performance on different Oss and computing platforms. In this publication data is collected comprehensively factors. In this paper, statistics and results helped in implementation of a more engrossed technique towards the implementation and improvement of RTOS. This paper, highest RTOS are clustering and performance for all applications, white alternate programs measured as least important.
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Soujanya, Reddy Annapareddy. "Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS) for Embedded Firmware Development." Journal of Advances in Developmental Research 14, no. 1 (2023): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14684674.
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Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS) play a critical role in embedded firmware development, providing the framework necessary to manage hardware resources, schedule tasks, and ensure deterministic behavior in real-time applications. This research explores the architecture, functionality, and applications of RTOS in embedded systems, emphasizing their importance in meeting stringent timing constraints and enhancing system reliability. Key topics include task scheduling algorithms, inter-task communication mechanisms, resource management, and the integration of RTOS with modern development tools. By examining case studies from diverse industries such as automotive, healthcare, and IoT, the study highlights the challenges and best practices in RTOS implementation. The findings underscore the potential of RTOS to optimize performance, scalability, and flexibility in embedded firmware, addressing the growing complexity of real-time systems.
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Şeyma, Değirmenci, and Telçeken Muhammed. "The Impact of Using Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) in AI-Integrated Autonomous Vehicles on Efficiency." Journal of Intelligent Systems with Applications 7, no. 2 (2024): 12–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14585486.
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This study examines the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS) on the efficiency and performance of autonomous vehicles. Autonomous vehicles operate with high precision using environmental sensors and decision-making algorithms, where the deterministic structure and low latency of RTOS are critical for timely and safe operation. The study discusses how different RTOS types Hard RTOS, Soft RTOS,and Firm RTOS affect tasks such as safety, data analysis, and route planning in autonomous vehicles, highlighting the advantages of each type. The integration of AI and RTOS enables efficient utilization of system resources, allowing autonomous vehicles to respond more quickly to environmental data and ensuring the effective activation of safety measures. Graphical analyses and experimental results demonstrate the positive effects of this integration on CPU usage, memory consumption, and system response times. These findings illustrate that AI and RTOS significantly enhance the efficiency of autonomous vehicles, contributing substantially to safety and performance.
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Haryono, Haryono, Agfianto Eko Putra, Jazi Eko Istiyanto, and Agus Harjoko. "Error Detection and Correction System (EDAC) of On Board Data Handling (OBDH) in Real Time Operating System Behaviour." Scientific Research Journal 10, no. 2 (2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/srj.v10i2.5412.
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The satellite requires the support of a robust sub system. On Board Data Handling (OBDH) is the core function of the satellite subsystem and has to be error free in managing the operation of the satellite. It should withstand the harsh environmental conditions in space that has a lot of hazards caused by radiations. In view of these two conditions, the OBDH design should be able to manage the operation and overcome the hazards of radiation. In order to manage the operation Real Time Operating System (RTOS) was applied. RTOS was able to manage the task efficiently and effectively. In the aerospace domain, RTOS has become popular because of its strength in managing the operating system. Error Detection and Correction System (EDAC) system was applied to make OBDH more robust. This paper discusses the implementation of the EDAC system in tandem with the RTOS behaviour to manage the operation and increase the robustness of the system. The findings show that OBDH can be programmed successfully using RTOS to handle critical and robust operations.
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Haryono, Haryono, Eko Putra, Jazi Eko Istiyanto, and Agus Harjoko. "Error Detection and Correction System (EDAC) of On Board Data Handling (OBDH) in Real Time Operating System Behaviour." Scientific Research Journal 10, no. 2 (2013): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/srj.v10i2.9402.
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The satellite requires the support of a robust sub system. On Board Data Handling (OBDH) is the core function of the satellite subsystem and has to be error free in managing the operation of the satellite. It should withstand the harsh environmental conditions in space that has a lot of hazards caused by radiations. In view of these two conditions, the OBDH design should be able to manage the operation and overcome the hazards of radiation. In order to manage the operation Real Time Operating System (RTOS) was applied. RTOS was able to manage the task efficiently and effectively. In the aerospace domain, RTOS has become popular because of its strength in managing the operating system. Error Detection and Correction System (EDAC) system was applied to make OBDH more robust. This paper discusses the implementation of the EDAC system in tandem with the RTOS behaviour to manage the operation and increase the robustness of the system. The findings show that OBDH can be programmed successfully using RTOS to handle critical and robust operations.
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Ungurean, Ioan. "Timing Comparison of the Real-Time Operating Systems for Small Microcontrollers." Symmetry 12, no. 4 (2020): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12040592.
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In automatic systems used in the control and monitoring of industrial processes, fieldbuses with specific real-time requirements are used. Often, the sensors are connected to these fieldbuses through embedded systems, which also have real-time features specific to the industrial environment in which it operates. The embedded operating systems are very important in the design and development of embedded systems. A distinct class of these operating systems is real-time operating systems (RTOSs) that can be used to develop embedded systems, which have hard and/or soft real-time requirements on small microcontrollers (MCUs). RTOSs offer the basic support for developing embedded systems with applicability in a wide range of fields such as data acquisition, internet of things, data compression, pattern recognition, diversity, similarity, symmetry, and so on. The RTOSs provide basic services for multitasking applications with deterministic behavior on MCUs. The services provided by the RTOSs are task management and inter-task synchronization and communication. The selection of the RTOS is very important in the development of the embedded system with real-time requirements and it must be based on the latency in the handling of the critical operations triggered by internal or external events, predictability/determinism in the execution of the RTOS primitives, license costs, and memory footprint. In this paper, we measured and compared the timing performance for synchronization throughout an event, semaphore, and mailbox for the following RTOSs: FreeRTOS 9.0.0, FreeRTOS 10.2.0, rt-thread, Keil RTX, uC/OS-II, and uC/OS-III. For the experimental tests, we developed test applications for two MCUs: ARM Cortex™-M4 and ARM Cortex™-M0+ based MCUs.
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S, Nishma A., Krishna Priya K. S, Minu Marshal, and Jeshika S. "Evaluation of General-Purpose and Real-Time Operating Systems Performance for Multi-Robot Systems Path Planning." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science IX, no. III (2024): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.51584/ijrias.2024.90335.
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Real-Time operating systems (RTOS) and General-Purpose Operating Systems (GPOS) are the two main components of contemporary operating systems, in general. The main differentiation between RTOS and GPOS lies in the urgency factor, signifying that a high-priority thread in GPOS cannot interrupt a kernel call. However, with RTOS, even while a low-priority process is carrying out a kernel call, it might be preempted by a high-priority task if needed. When kernel modifications are made, the majority of Linux distributions can function as both GPOS and RTOS. Two Linux distributions, Ubuntu and Pardus, were examined in this study, and their functions as GPOS and RTOS for multi-robot system route planning were compared. Robot groups with varying membership counts were employed to carry out the path tracking.
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Sucharan Nuthula. "Decoding Real-Time Operating Systems in Automotive Software: A Systematic Analysis." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 15, no. 3 (2025): 1547–53. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2025.15.3.1104.
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This article examines the critical role of Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS) in modern automotive software architectures. As vehicles increasingly rely on complex electronic systems to manage everything from basic functionality to advanced driver assistance features, the underlying operating systems must guarantee precise timing and reliability. The article systematically analyzes RTOS principles, implementation challenges, and emerging trends within the automotive context, highlighting how these specialized systems differ from general-purpose operating systems and why they are indispensable for ensuring vehicle safety, reliability, and performance. Key aspects covered include determinism and predictability requirements, task scheduling mechanisms, inter-process communication frameworks, memory management strategies, safety certification standards, and future directions such as multicore processing, virtualization, and security integration. The examination reveals how automotive RTOS provides the foundation for safe and reliable operation in increasingly sophisticated vehicular computing environments.
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Canbaz, Seçkin, and Gökhan Erdemir. "Performance analysis of real-time and general-purpose operating systems for path planning of the multi-robot systems." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 1 (2022): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i1.pp285-292.
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In general, modern operating systems can be divided into two essential parts, real-time operating systems (RTOS) and general-purpose operating systems (GPOS). The main difference between GPOS and RTOS is the system istime-critical or not. It means that; in GPOS, a high-priority thread cannot preempt a kernel call. But, in RTOS, a low-priority task is preempted by a high-priority task if necessary, even if it’s executing a kernel call. Most Linux distributions can be used as both GPOS and RTOS with kernel modifications. In this study, two Linux distributions, Ubuntu and Pardus, were analyzed and their performances were compared both as GPOS and RTOS for path planning of the multi-robot systems. Robot groups with different numbers of members were used to perform the path tracking tasks using both Ubuntu and Pardus as GPOS and RTOS. In this way, both the performance of two different Linux distributions in robotic applications were observed and compared in two forms, GPOS, and RTOS.
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Seçkin, Canbaz, and Erdemir Gökhan. "Performance analysis of real-time and general-purpose operating systems for path planning of the multi-robot systems." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 1 (2022): 285–92. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i1.pp285-292.
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In general, modern operating systems can be divided into two essential parts, real-time operating systems (RTOS) and general-purpose operating systems (GPOS). The main difference between GPOS and RTOS is the system is time-critical or not. It means that; in GPOS, a high-priority thread cannot preempt a kernel call. But, in RTOS, a low-priority task is preempted by a high-priority task if necessary, even if it’s executing a kernel call. Most Linux distributions can be used as both GPOS and RTOS with kernel modifications. In this study, two Linux distributions, Ubuntu and Pardus, were analyzed and their performances were compared both as GPOS and RTOS for path planning of the multi-robot systems. Robot groups with different numbers of members were used to perform the path tracking tasks using both Ubuntu and Pardus as GPOS and RTOS. In this way, both the performance of two different Linux distributions in robotic applications were observed and compared in two forms, GPOS, and RTOS.
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Mccullagh, Paul. "Features and characters for distributed system." Wasit Journal of Computer and Mathematics Science 1, no. 4 (2022): 120–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/wjcm.89.
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The introduction of microprocessors had created a number of product options that were just not there before. These clever processors have infiltrated and dispersed themselves across every aspect of our life, whether it be in the office (fax machines, pagers, laser printers, credit card readers), living rooms (televisions, air conditioners), or kitchens (food processors, microwave ovens). The usage of an operating system has many benefits as distributed applications get more complicated. The real-time demands of the majority of distributed systems need the usage of Real Time Operating Systems (RTOS) that can fulfill the needs of distributed systems. Real-time applications can be readily built and expanded thanks to RTOS. Through the division of the application code into different files, the use of RTOS streamlines the design process.
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A, Wiedjaja, Handi M, Jonathan L, Benyamin Christian, and Luis Kristofel. "Kajian dan Implementasi Real Time Operating System pada Single Board Computer Berbasis Arm." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 5, no. 1 (2014): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v5i1.2591.
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Operating System is an important software in computer system. For personal and office use the operating system is sufficient. However, to critical mission applications such as nuclear power plants and braking system on the car (auto braking system) which need a high level of reliability, it requires operating system which operates in real time. The study aims to assess the implementation of the Linux-based operating system on a Single Board Computer (SBC) ARM-based, namely Pandaboard ES with the Dual-core ARM Cortex-A9, TI OMAP 4460 type. Research was conducted by the method of implementation of the General Purpose OS Ubuntu 12:04 OMAP4-armhf-RTOS and Linux 3.4.0-rt17 + on PandaBoard ES. Then research compared the latency value of each OS on no-load and with full-load condition. The results obtained show the maximum latency value of RTOS on full load condition is at 45 uS, much smaller than the maximum value of GPOS at full-load at 17.712 uS. The lower value of latency demontrates that the RTOS has ability to run the process in a certain period of time much better than the GPOS.
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Garre, Carlos, Domenico Mundo, Marco Gubitosa, and Alessandro Toso. "Real-Time and Real-Fast Performance of General-Purpose and Real-Time Operating Systems in Multithreaded Physical Simulation of Complex Mechanical Systems." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/945850.
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Physical simulation is a valuable tool in many fields of engineering for the tasks of design, prototyping, and testing. General-purpose operating systems (GPOS) are designed for real-fast tasks, such as offline simulation of complex physical models that should finish as soon as possible. Interfacing hardware at a given rate (as in a hardware-in-the-loop test) requires instead maximizing time determinism, for which real-time operating systems (RTOS) are designed. In this paper, real-fast and real-time performance of RTOS and GPOS are compared when simulating models of high complexity with large time steps. This type of applications is usually present in the automotive industry and requires a good trade-off between real-fast and real-time performance. The performance of an RTOS and a GPOS is compared by running a tire model scalable on the number of degrees-of-freedom and parallel threads. The benchmark shows that the GPOS present better performance in real-fast runs but worse in real-time due to nonexplicit task switches and to the latency associated with interprocess communication (IPC) and task switch.
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Charles Antony Raj. "Innovations in Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS) for Safety-Critical Embedded Systems." Journal of Computer Science and Technology Studies 7, no. 3 (2025): 791–97. https://doi.org/10.32996/jcsts.2025.7.3.86.
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This technical article explores innovations in Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS) for safety-critical embedded applications across aerospace, automotive, healthcare, and industrial automation sectors. The discussion covers next-generation RTOS architectures, including mixed-criticality systems, time-triggered architectures, and formal verification approaches that ensure deterministic performance with robust safety guarantees. The article examines emerging adaptive RTOS designs that enable controlled runtime adaptation while maintaining certification compliance, highlighting workload-aware resource management techniques and environmental adaptation mechanisms. Despite promising advancements, significant implementation challenges remain, particularly regarding certification under existing regulatory frameworks and verification of adaptive behaviors. Through case studies in aerospace flight control systems, autonomous vehicles, and medical devices, the article illustrates practical applications of these technologies and their impact on critical industries.
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Santoso, Bayu, Dahnial Syauqy, and Agung Setia Budi. "Multi-Lane Automated Catfish Seed Counting System Using Real-Time Operating System on Embedded Platforms." Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science 10, no. 1 (2025): 26–36. https://doi.org/10.25126/jitecs.2025101412.
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Catfish (Clarias batrachus) is a widely consumed food source in Indonesia, making its cultivation an essential aspect of the aquaculture industry. During the cultivation phase, catfish seeds, typically ranging from 2 to 10 cm in length, are sorted by size and counted. Conventional methods employed by seed sellers, including manual hand-counting, measuring cups, and weighing scales, are often labor-intensive and prone to inaccuracies. To enhance efficiency and reduce counting errors, this study proposes an automated catfish seed counting system. The system is designed to rapidly and accurately classify catfish seeds into three size-based categories while simultaneously counting them. A Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) is implemented to ensure concurrent processing, enabling the detection of seeds passing through three independent sensor lines. The proposed system utilizes three infrared sensors for seed detection, an LCD for real-time result display, and an RTOS deployed on an Arduino Uno platform. RTOS executes four tasks: three sensor reading tasks corresponding to each detection line and an idle task for displaying results. Experimental validation, conducted using 40 catfish seeds across 15 trials, demonstrates the system’s effectiveness, achieving an average counting accuracy of 97%. These findings indicate the potential of the proposed system to improve the precision and efficiency of catfish seed counting in aquaculture operations.
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Hiba, Shahid, Alhalabi Wadee, and Reif John. "Real-time operating system (RTOS) with application to play models." International Journal of Computer Engineering Research 5, no. 2 (2014): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ijcer2013.0202.
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Dr., Dipali Shende, Baste Vaishali, and More Shital. "Commercial Automation Using RTOS-Based Architecture." Journal of Advancement in Electronics Design 7, no. 2 (2024): 39–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11483444.
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<em>The primary objective of this research is to introduce an RTOS-based architecture for data transmission between the host region and the industry area. RTOS is a process that takes place between hardware and software. It proposes a model which is used to monitor (Host Area) the different physical values in industrial plants and its assembling environment (Industry Area) by adding the functionality of an RTOS. In an electronics manufacturing facility, temperature control, security, and other factors are crucial. If an accident occurs, productivity will suffer. With the aid of the Wireless Module, a system built with an ARM processor, and a port of a Real Time Operating System (RTOS) based on Linux, this project seeks to address this issue by remotely monitoring the temperature and other physical parameter levels of various plant areas. Here in addition to detection of any faults, the preventive action is also taken by using the control system mechanism. These things will make the industry to operate properly by preventing the accidents in real time and to increase the level of production<strong>.</strong></em>
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Habibie, Novian, Machmud Roby Alhamidi, Dwi Marhaendro Jati Purnomo, and Muhammad Febrian Rachmadi. "PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF USART COMMUNICATION BETWEEN REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEM (RTOS) AND NATIVE INTERRUPT." Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Informasi 9, no. 1 (2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21609/jiki.v9i1.365.
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Comunication between microcontrollers is one of the crucial point in embedded sytems. On the other hand, embedded system must be able to run many parallel task simultaneously. To handle this, we need a reliabe system that can do a multitasking without decreasing every task’s performance. The most widely used methods for multitasking in embedded systems are using Interrupt Service Routine (ISR) or using Real Time Operating System (RTOS). This research compared perfomance of USART communication on system with RTOS to a system that use interrupt. Experiments run on two identical development board XMega A3BU-Xplained which used intenal sensor (light and temperature) and used servo as external component. Perfomance comparison done by counting ping time (elapsing time to transmit data and get a reply as a mark that data has been received) and compare it. This experiments divided into two scenarios: (1) system loaded with many tasks, (2) system loaded with few tasks. Result of the experiments show that communication will be faster if system only loaded with few tasks. System with RTOS has won from interrupt in case (1), but lose to interrupt in case (2).
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Zhao, Wanfang, and Yan Zhao. "Optimization Method of RTOS System Delay Scheduling Based on Multi-Core Processor." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2717, no. 1 (2024): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2717/1/012034.
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Abstract In order to improve the task execution efficiency of multi-core processor, this paper studies the system delay scheduling optimization method of real-time operating system based on multi-core processor. Firstly, the core structure analysis model of multi-core processor data fusion and data acquisition in RTOS system is established, and then the task information flow of delay scheduling in RTOS system is constructed by using the correlation dimension feature fusion method. Based on the power domain non orthogonal multiple access control method, the data fusion state factor of multi-core processor is calculated for the initial scheduling node, and multi-core processor is used to control load balancing in the delay balancing scheduling process of RTOS system, The delay scheduling and balance control of real-time operating system are realized by multi-core processor. Simulation results show that the algorithm has low bit error rate and low task overhead in RTOS system, and can improve the task execution efficiency of multi-core processor.
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R., Wahyu Tri Hartono, Puspa Anggraeni Sakinah, Habibie Suwanda Fajri, Pratiwi Eka, Nur Shabrina Regina, and Fitriana Vina. "E-CityFarm: sustainable small-scale food production integrated fish and crop cultivation." TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control) 20, no. 5 (2022): 1055–63. https://doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v20i5.24095.
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E-CityFarm is an electronic system that can control the parameters needed to grow fish and plants integratedly. It can control temperature, water acidity, and utilizing the neural network method able to count the number and length of fishes also their weight. The weight will be directly proportional to the need for feed. In E-CityFarm, various variables are processed by multitasking, therefore real time operating system (RTOS) is used. RTOS has several advantages in terms of: concurrency, pre-emption, capacity, flash size, synchronization tools, third party software, and convenience. RTOS is real time where in the execution process it will work in parallel for all existing processes according to the time specified. E-CityFarm implements RTOS to improve and maintain the quality of system measurement accuracy, which is expected to help users maintain product quality. In several experiments, the measurement results still have deviations compared to conventional measurements, deviations in measurements for: temperature 0.46%, light intensity 1.935%, 4.93% (3 levels) and weight control 1.995% (98.005% accuracy). Within 14 months the growth of fish and plants seemed to be very controlled, fish and plants grew well, thus E-CityFarm is a feasible system to be developed in areas that have limited land and water.
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Yew, Ho Hee, Khairi Ishak Mohamad, Shahrimie Mohd Asaari Mohd, and Tarmizi Abu Seman Mohamad. "Embedded operating system and industrial applications: a review." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 3 (2021): pp. 1687~1700. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i3.2526.
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The complexity of an embedded system is directly proportional to the requirements of industrial applications. Various embedded operating system (OS) approaches had been built to fulfil the requirements. This review aims to systematically address the similarities and differences of the embedded OS solutions and analyse the factors that will influence decision-making when choosing what solution to use in the applications. This paper reviews three standard solutions; super loop, cooperative, and real-time operating system (RTOS). These are commonly used in industrial applications. By grouping the tasks in the foreground and background execution region, the concept and working principle of each of them are reviewed. The unique feature of RTOS in the context of task switching was used to define the deterministic characteristic of meeting the deadlines. The importance and performance of this characteristic is addressed and compared among various solutions in this paper. Subsequently, this paper reviewed the internet of things (IoT) requirements, automotive, medical and consumer electronics industry. The influential factors on choosing the right embedded OS to be used are extracted based on the requirements. They are reviewed in the perspective of memory footprint, regulated standards, cost-effectiveness, time effectiveness, and scalability.
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Shen, Yuheng, Hao Sun, Yu Jiang, Heyuan Shi, Yixiao Yang, and Wanli Chang. "Rtkaller: State-aware Task Generation for RTOS Fuzzing." ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems 20, no. 5s (2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3477014.
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A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system designed to meet certain real-time requirements. It is widely used in embedded applications, and its correctness is safety-critical. However, the validation of RTOS is challenging due to its complex real-time features and large code base. In this paper, we propose Rtkaller , a state-aware kernel fuzzer for the vulnerability detection in RTOS. First, Rtkaller implements an automatic task initialization to transform the syscall sequences into initial tasks with more real-time information. Then, a coverage-guided task mutation is designed to generate those tasks that explore more in-depth real-time related code for parallel execution. Moreover, Rtkaller realizes a task modification to correct those tasks that may hang during fuzzing. We evaluated it on recent versions of rt-Linux, which is one of the most widely used RTOS. Compared to the state-of-the-art kernel fuzzers Syzkaller and Moonshine, Rtkaller achieves the same code coverage at the speed of 1.7X and 1.6X, gains an increase of 26.1% and 22.0% branch coverage within 24 hours respectively. More importantly, Rtkaller has confirmed 28 previously unknown vulnerabilities that are missed by other fuzzers.
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Jiang, Jundao, Liang Zou, Xingdou Liu, Shuo Pang, and Li Zhang. "An energy management method for combined load forecasting of fuel cell ships." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2876, no. 1 (2024): 012052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2876/1/012052.
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Abstract The article proposes an energy management method (EMM) for fuel cell ships, which consists of two parts: load forecasting (LF) and real-time optimized scheduling (RTOS). LF is composed of Long Short-Term Memory neural networks, which are capable of being trained to predict future loads based on historical ship load information. RTOS consists of model predictive control and can allocate energy in real time. Initially, shiploads and battery status are collected in real time, and then LF passes the predicted load sequence to RTOS. RTOS optimizes real-time energy allocation based on the predicted load and the current operating status of two sets of batteries, while meeting system constraints and maintaining the battery SOC at a healthy level, to minimize operational cost consumption. The simulations demonstrate that the EMM can consistently maintain SOC at a healthy level and reduce fuel cell ship operating costs to some extent, thereby improving economic efficiency.
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Patra, Prashanta Kumar, and Padma Lochan Pradhan. "An Integrated Dynamic Model Optimizing the Risk on Real Time Operating System." International Journal of Information Security and Privacy 8, no. 1 (2014): 38–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisp.2014010103.
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This article provide maximum preventive control, high performance and fault tolerance at an optimal resources, cost, time with high availability and quality of services to be invested into dynamic security mechanisms deciding on the measure component of real time operating system resources (Shell, File, Memory, Processor, Kernel, Encryption key, I/O devices). The authors have to define, design, develop and deploy our valuable idea to be optimizing the technology, resource, cost and maximize the throughput, productivity of business all together at anytime and anywhere in around the globe by applying this integrated dynamic model. This dynamic model interfacing, integrating, communicating, synchroning, preventing and optimize step by step through real time algebraic method over a RTOS on distributed super scalar environment (MIMD). This proposed dynamic algebraic model would be preventing the data and services on RTOS from uncertainty, unorder, unsetup, unsafe and external hackers. Mean while this model would be identifying vulnerabilities and threats on operating system resources to achieving the highest business objectives by utilizing the efficient and reliable resources management. The authors have to optimized the system attacks and down time by verification and validation of this method on complex heterogonous infrastructure.
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ADEGBENJO, ADERONKE A. Y. *., and Y. A. ADEKUNLE. "PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF REAL-TIME OPERATING SYSTEM (RTOS) ON INFORMATION MODELS." i-manager's Journal on Computer Science 8, no. 2 (2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jcom.8.2.17792.
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A, Adegbenjo, and Adekunle Y. "Performance analysis of real-time operating system (RTOS) on information models." International Journal of Engineering in Computer Science 3, no. 1 (2021): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/26633582.2021.v3.i1a.39.
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Rakhmadi Rahman, Reski Septiawan, and Abriel Yosua Nathanael Leksona. "Optimasi dan Modifikasi Debian untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Sistem Operasi Real-Time." Neptunus: Jurnal Ilmu Komputer Dan Teknologi Informasi 2, no. 3 (2024): 385–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.61132/neptunus.v2i3.280.
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In today's digital era, operating systems play a crucial role in various technological devices. This paper discusses the optimization and modification of Debian, one of the most stable Linux distributions, to enhance its performance as a real-time operating system (RTOS). The primary objectives of this research are to improve the responsiveness, reliability, and stability of Debian in handling real-time tasks. The study involves modifying the kernel, adjusting scheduling settings, optimizing memory management, and integrating specific real-time software. The results of the tests show that the modified Debian provides lower and more stable task execution latency compared to the standard Debian. Tests were conducted using the cyclictest software to measure system latency and Htop to monitor CPU and memory performance. Additionally, the use of the VLC application as a real-world workload demonstrated that the optimized operating system could handle task priorities more efficiently, allocate resources as needed for real-time demands, and maintain stability under heavy workloads. This research significantly contributes to the development of Debian-based RTOS, which can be applied in fields such as industrial automation, robotics, and IoT devices. The optimizations ensure that the operating system can meet the high-performance and real-time reliability demands of these critical applications.
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Shvahirev, P., O. Lopakov, V. Kosmachevskiy, and V. Salii. "METHOD FOR ASSESSING OF RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS IN DESIGNING OF FAILURERESISTANT REAL-TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS." Odes’kyi Politechnichnyi Universytet Pratsi 2, no. 61 (2020): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/opu.2.61.2020.13.
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For many years, real-time OS-based applications have been used in embedded special-purpose systems. Recently they have been used everywhere, from on-board control systems for aircraft, to household appliances. The development of multiprocessor computing systems usually aims to increase either the level of reliability or the level of system performance to values that are inaccessible or difficult to implement in traditional computer systems. In the first case, the question of the availability of special means of ensuring the fault tolerance of computer systems arises, the main feature (and advantage) of which is the absence of any single resource, failure of which leads to a fatal failure of the entire system. The use of a real-time operating system is always associated with equipment, with an object and with events occurring at an object. A real-time system, as a hardware-software complex, includes sensors that record events at an object, input / output modules that convert sensor readings into a digital form suitable for processing these readings on a computer, and finally, a computer with a program that responds to events occurring at the facility. The RTOS is focused on processing external events. It is this that leads to fundamental differences (compared with general-purpose OS) in the structure of the system as well as in the functions of the kernel and in the construction of the input-output system. The RTOS can be similar in its user interface to general-purpose operating systems, but it is completely different in its structure. In addition, the use of RTOS is always specific. If users (not developers) usually perceive a general-purpose OS as a ready-made set of applications, then the RTOS serves only as a tool for creating a specific hardware-software complex in real time. Therefore, the widest class of users of RTOS is the developers of real-time complexes, people designing control and data collection systems. When designing and developing a specific real-time system, the programmer always knows exactly what events can occur at the facility, and he knows the critical terms for servicing each of these events. We call a real-time system (SRV) a hardware-software complex that responds in predictable times to an unpredictable stream of external events. The system must have time to respond to the event that occurred at the facility, during the time critical for this event. The critical time for each event is determined by the object and by the event itself, and, of course, it can be different, but the response time of the system must be predicted (calculated) when creating the system. Lack of response at the predicted time is considered an error for real-time systems. The system must have time to respond to simultaneously occurring events. Even if two or more external events occur simultaneously, the system must have time to respond to each of them during time intervals critical for these events. In this study, as part of a network fault-tolerant technology, the RTOS becomes a special type of control software that is used to organize the operation of embedded applications, which are characterized by limited memory resources, low productivity and the requirements of a guaranteed response time (T<4 μs), high level availability and availability of auto-monitoring facilities.
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Manapa, Esther Sanda, Eliyah Acantha M. Sampetoding, Tommy Wijaya Sagala, and Hoxy Ryner Taluay. "Ulasan Penelitian Sistem Operasi Waktu Nyata di Indonesia." Journal Dynamic Saint 5, no. 2 (2021): 973–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47178/dynamicsaint.v5i2.1109.
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Over the past 30 years, development of semiconductor manufacturing has resulted in smaller and faster computers. Its presence results in the development of sophisticated devices and processing large amounts of data quickly and reliably. More and more functionality on the system devices, needed effective and efficient resources. In some cases, only real-time operating systems (RTOS) can gather time and resources from these systems.. Whether using the software on an automation device, or middleware level to help communicate between programs, or using the software, it will be useful to know when RTOS uses the right platform for the application. This paper focus on various RTOS research and development over the past ten years in Indonesia. The main objective is to enable readers to understand the basic concepts of real time operating systems and stimulate further research in Indonesia regarding real time operating systems on automation devices.
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Qu, Ming Fei, Dan Zhao, and Sha Tao. "The Design and Implementation of RTOS Based on YL-236 Single Chip Microcomputer Training Device." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 554–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.554.
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Using the equipment, YL-236 single chip microcomputer (SCM) control device installation and debugging training platform, used in the SCM event of the National Vocational Students Skills Competition (NVSSC) as hardware carrier, this paper researched the application method of real-time operating system (RTOS) in the implementation of the SCM Skills Competition task, and apply the real-time multitasking operating system (RTMOS), RTX51, in the 8-bit 51 SCM. That allows switch of circulation tasks, supports the signal transmission, utilizes the interrupt function in parallel, and has very small demand for RAM. That makes whole SCM task to develop much easier and more convenient, and enhances the real-time performance and reliability of the SCM Skills Competition task at the same time.
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Kumari, Pilli Lalitha, S. M. K. Sukumar Reddy, and Sasikala Devireddy. "Flexible Real-Time Operating System Co-Design Flow for Embedded Computing Systems." International Journal of Scientific Methods in Engineering and Management 01, no. 06 (2023): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.58599/ijsmem.2023.1604.
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The adaptability of software portability and the strength of hardware efficiency can both benefit a system with the ability to alter its configuration. This signifies a significant shift in the way embedded programmes are conceived about and developed. There has not been a comprehensive design methodology provided for run-time reconfigurable systems that enable real-time operating systems, despite the fact that many different reconfigurable technologies and tools based on those technologies have been developed. The RTOS, or real-time operating system, is an integral part of system and co-design. A new co-design technique to meet the requirements of real-time operating systems on reconfigurable embedded systems is proposed based on the findings of this study. Co-design techniques needed to create an adaptive signal filtering system on a commercially available reconfigurable platform are highlighted in this study’s presentation of a design scenario. The incident has been documented on paper. The findings indicate that, in comparison to a purely software
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Martin, Martin. "Sistem kendali posisi motor DC menggunakan state feedback controller dan real-time operating system." JITEL (Jurnal Ilmiah Telekomunikasi, Elektronika, dan Listrik Tenaga) 1, no. 1 (2021): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35313/jitel.v1.i1.2021.69-78.
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Motor DC merupakan sistem penggerak yang paling banyak digunakan di bidang industri, otomasi, robotika, ataupun lainnya. Penggunaan sistem kendali banyak diterapkan untuk pengaturan pergerakan kecepatan ataupun posisi dari motor DC. Pada penelitian ini, state feedback controller dan penambahan kendali integral dengan estimator digunakan untuk mengendalikan posisi motor DC. Sistem dibuat berbasis real-time operarting system (RTOS) untuk pembacaan sensor, perhitungan matematis kendali, dan pengiriman sinyal pulse width modulation (PWM). Pengendalian dilakukan pada motor DC Quanser yang terhubung dengan Arduino Mega 2560 untuk membaca sensor encoder dan menampilkan data pengujian. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa state feedback controller dapat mengendalikan posisi motor DC dengan nilai penguat K sebesar 2,66 dan 115,37, nilai penguat N_bar sebesar 0,49 dan nilai estimator sebesar 7,75 dan 0,26. Penggunaan RTOS sebagai inti pemrograman dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan dalam pengerjaan task-task seperti pembacaan sensor, perhitungan parameter kendali, dan pengiriman sinyal kendali tanpa terjadi error selama pengujian sistem. Hasil analisa menunjukan keluaran sistem kendali posisi memiliki nilai overshoot sebesar 2,63% pada pengujian pertama dan 2,66% pada pengujian kedua.
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Lv, Pan, Hong Li, Jinsong Qiu, Yiqi Li, and Gang Pan. "Cyborgan OS: A Lightweight Real-Time Operating System for Artificial Organ." Security and Communication Networks 2020 (October 13, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8871626.
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The software of artificial organ is more and more complex, but it lacks real-time operating system to manage and schedule its resources. In this paper, we propose a lightweight real-time operating system (RTOS) Cyborgan OS based on the SmartOSEK OS. Cyborgan OS optimizes and improves it from the code size, context switch, low power consumption, and partial dynamic update, making it suitable for the artificial organ control system. Finally, we use the heart blood pump model to analyze the task allocation and execution sequence as well as the code size of the whole program. In this application, the maximum space occupied by the code is only 15 kB, which is suitable for most microcontrollers.
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Zelenova, Sofya Anatolyevna ZELENOVA. "Static Memory Allocation for Real-Time Operating Systems." Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of the RAS 36, no. 3 (2024): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15514/ispras-2024-36(3)-3.
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Critical real-time operating system (RTOS) reliability improvement remains to be a relevant and demanding task. The use of detailed requirements provided by the developers introduces new opportunities in this direction through the memory management facilities. In this paper we present a new approach of static memory allocation in real-time systems with robust memory space partitioning. We propose to design a static memory layout tool based on the formal description of the project memory requirements. The proposed formal requirements are platform agnostic and are based only on the needs of the application software. We introduce general concepts, which allow us to use a universal approach for static memory layout tool creation. We also describe the general scheme of the memory layout algorithm as well as the requirements that must be taken into account when each step of the algorithm is implemented. We tested our approach on real industrial projects and confirmed its versatility, adaptability and effectiveness.
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Miramond, Benoît, Emmanuel Huck, François Verdier, et al. "OveRSoC: A Framework for the Exploration of RTOS for RSoC Platforms." International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing 2009 (2009): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/450607.
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This paper presents the OveRSoC project. The objective is to develop an exploration and validation methodology of embedded Real Time Operating Systems (RTOSs) for Reconfigurable System-on-Chip-based platforms. Here, we describe the overall methodology and the corresponding design environment. The method is based on abstract and modular SystemC models that allow to explore, simulate, and validate the distribution of OS services on this kind of platform. The experimental results show that our components accurately model the dynamic and deterministic behavior of both application and RTOS.
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Wang, Yifei, Likun Hu, Feng Shuang, and Xiao Huang. "Design of a low cost real-time robot control system based on Windows powered PC." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3039, no. 1 (2025): 012005. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3039/1/012005.
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Abstract Real-time control systems are essential in robotic experiments. Relying on dedicated motion controller, real-time operating system (RTOS), or microcontroller (MCU), it is difficult to balance performance, compatibility, ease of development, and cost. This paper proposes a real-time control solution for the Windows system based on the MCU clock. It requires no extra hardware or kernel modification and combines the Windows system’s compatibility and ease of development, the high performance of personal computer (PC), and MCU’s hard real-time features. Using the MCU’s data-collection communication frames as the clock rhythm for the Windows control program, integrating communication verification into subsequent frames, and combining timeout detection with interpolation functions, it enhances the Windows system’s response time and real-time performance. Experimental results indicate it achieves 1000Hz bandwidth and a hundred-μs-level response. Its performance approaches that of an RTOS, fulfilling robotic control requirements.
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Harkut, Dinesh G. "HW SW Co-design of Adaptive Task Scheduler for Real Time Systems." International Journal of Reconfigurable and Embedded Systems (IJRES) 5, no. 1 (2016): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijres.v5.i1.pp59-70.
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In embedded system, a real-time operating system (RTOs) is often used to structure the application code and ensure that the deadlines are met by reacting on events in the environment by executing the functions within precise time. Most embedded systems are bound to real-time constraints with determinism and latency as a critical metrics. Generally RTOs are implemented in software, which in turns increases computational overheads, jitter and memory footprint which can be reduced even if not remove completely by utilizing latest FPGA technology, which enables the implementation of a full featured and flexible hardware based RTOs. Scheduling algorithms play an important role in the design of real-time systems. This paper proposes the novel FIS based adaptive hardware task scheduler for multiprocessor systems that minimizes the processor time for scheduling activity which uses fuzzy logic to model the uncertainty at first stage along with adaptive framework that uses feedback which allows processors share of task running on multiprocessor to be controlled dynamically at runtime. This Fuzzy logic based adaptive hardware scheduler breakthroughs the limit of the number of total task and thus improves efficiency of the entire real-time system. The increased computation overheads resulted from proposed model can be compensated by exploiting the parallelism of the hardware as being migrated to FPGA
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Pallavi, Ganeshpurkar. "Research on Static Rate Monotonic Real Time Scheduling System." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 2, no. 4 (2018): 203–7. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd12913.
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Rate monotonic scheduling RMS is a priority assignment algorithm used in real time operating systems RTOS Scheduling procedures are a backbone of any operating system. In previous paper I analyze and conclude that the rate monotonic scheduling is best for real time scheduling. Deterministic deadlines are exactly equal to periods As I know scheduling procedures are basically divided into two main streams first is the uniprocessor and another one is multiprocessor. This paper describes the rate monotonic SRM system. Here I previously studied and analyzed different SRM and SDM procedures to conclude that which algorithm or which policy is best for real time scheduling. Pallavi Ganeshpurkar "Research on Static Rate Monotonic Real Time Scheduling System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd12913.pdf
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Manjunathan, A., E. D. Kanmani Ruby, W. Edwin Santhkumar, A. Vanathi, P. Jenopaul, and S. Kannadhasan. "Wireless HART stack using multiprocessor technique with laxity algorithm." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 6 (2021): 3297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i6.3250.
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The use of a real-time operating system is required for the demarcation of industrial wireless sensor network (IWSN) stacks (RTOS). In the industrial world, a vast number of sensors are utilised to gather various types of data. The data gathered by the sensors cannot be prioritised ahead of time. Because all of the information is equally essential. As a result, a protocol stack is employed to guarantee that data is acquired and processed fairly. In IWSN, the protocol stack is implemented using RTOS. The data collected from IWSN sensor nodes is processed using non-preemptive scheduling and the protocol stack, and then sent in parallel to the IWSN's central controller. The real-time operating system (RTOS) is a process that occurs between hardware and software. Packets must be sent at a certain time. It's possible that some packets may collide during transmission. We're going to undertake this project to get around this collision. As a prototype, this project is divided into two parts. The first uses RTOS and the LPC2148 as a master node, while the second serves as a standard data collection node to which sensors are attached. Any controller may be used in the second part, depending on the situation. Wireless HART allows two nodes to communicate with each other.
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Ke, Yawen, and Xiaofeng Xia. "Timed Automaton-Based Quantitative Feasibility Analysis of Symmetric Cipher in Embedded RTOS: A Case Study of AES." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (January 12, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4118994.
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The real-time operating system (RTOS) has a wide range of application domains and provides devices with the ability to schedule resources. Because of the restricted resources of embedded devices and the real-time constraints of RTOS, the application of cryptographic algorithms in these devices will affect the running systems. The existing approaches for RTOS ciphers’ evaluation are mainly provided by experimental data performance analysis, which, however, lack a clear judgment on the affected RTOS performance indicators, such as task schedulability, bandwidth, as well as a quantitative prediction of the remaining resources of RTOS. By focusing on task schedulability in RTOS, this paper provides a timed automaton-based quantitative approach to judge the feasibility of ciphers in embedded RTOS. First, a cryptographic algorithm execution overhead estimation model is established. Then, by combining the overhead model with a sensitivity analysis method, we can analyze the feasibility of the cryptographic algorithm. Finally, a task-oriented and timed automaton-based model is built to verify the analysis results. We take AES as a case study and carry out experiments on embedded devices. The experimental results show the effectiveness of our approach, which will provide specific feasibility indicators for the application of cryptographic algorithms in RTOS.
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Hee, Yew Ho, Mohamad Khairi Ishak, Mohd Shahrimie Mohd Asaari, and Mohamad Tarmizi Abu Seman. "Embedded operating system and industrial applications: a review." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 3 (2021): 1687–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i3.2526.
Full textAbstract:
The complexity of an embedded system is directly proportional to the requirements of industrial applications. Various embedded operating system (OS) approaches had been built to fulfil the requirements. This review aims to systematically address the similarities and differences of the embedded OS solutions and analyse the factors that will influence decision-making when choosing what solution to use in the applications. This paper reviews three standard solutions; super loop, cooperative, and real-time operating system (RTOS). These are commonly used in industrial applications. By grouping the tasks in the foreground and background execution region, the concept and working principle of each of them are reviewed. The unique feature of RTOS in the context of task switching was used to define the deterministic characteristic of meeting the deadlines. The importance and performance of this characteristic is addressed and compared among various solutions in this paper. Subsequently, this paper reviewed the internet of things (IoT) requirements, automotive, medical and consumer electronics industry. The influential factors on choosing the right embedded OS to be used are extracted based on the requirements. They are reviewed in the perspective of memory footprint, regulated standards, cost-effectiveness, time effectiveness, and scalability.
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Arie Miftah Budiman, Moh. Restu Nur Rizki, Ridwan Ahri, Rafi Suswidia, and Abdul Halim Anshor. "Scheduling Algoritma di Sistem Operasi Real-Time." Jurnal Penelitian Rumpun Ilmu Teknik 3, no. 4 (2024): 146–52. https://doi.org/10.55606/juprit.v3i4.4565.
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Real-time operating systems (RTOS) are critical components in various applications requiring rapid response times and high precision, such as in the automotive, medical, and telecommunications industries. Scheduling algorithms in these systems function to allocate CPU time for task execution according to priority, ensuring each task is completed before its deadline. This study aims to evaluate key algorithms, such as Rate Monotonic Scheduling (RMS), Earliest Deadline First (EDF), and heuristic-based algorithms, to identify the most effective method in meeting real-time system requirements. Based on literature analysis, RMS and EDF each exhibit advantages in specific scenarios, while hybrid algorithms show potential for further development.