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1
Dugast, Loic. "Introducing corpus-based rules and algorithms in a rule-based machine translation system." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8249.
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Machine translation offers the challenge of automatically translating a text from one natural language into another. Statistical methods - originating from the field of information theory - have shown to be a major breakthrough in the field of machine translation. Prior to this paradigm, many systems had been developed following a rule-based approach. This denotes a system based on a linguistic description of the languages involved and of how translation occurs in the mind of the (human) translator. Statistical models on the contrary use empirical means and may work with very little linguistic hypothesis on language and translation as performed by humans. This had implications for rule-based translation systems, in terms of software architecture and the nature of the rules, which were manually input and lack any statistical feature. In the view of such diverging paradigms, we can imagine trying to combine both in a hybrid system. In the present work, we start by examining the state-of-the-art of both rule-based and statistical systems. We restrict the rule-based approach to transfer-based systems. We compare rule-based and statistical paradigms in terms of global translation quality and give a qualitative analysis of their respective specific errors. We also introduce initial black-box hybrid models that confirm there is an expected gain in combining the two approaches. Motivated by the qualitative analysis, we focus our study and experiments on lexical phrasal rules. We propose a setup allowing to extract such resources from corpora. Going one step further in the integration of rule-based and statistical approaches, we then examine how to combine the extracted rules with decoding modules that will allow for a corpus-based handling of ambiguity. This then leads to the final delivery of this work: a rule-based system for which we can learn non-deterministic rules from corpora, and whose decoder can be optimised on a tuning set in the same domain.
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Trujillo, Indalecio Arturo. "Lexicalist machine translation of spatial prepositions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388507.
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Lindeberg, James. "Simplification of Swedish Text by Monolingual Machine Translation Transformation Rules for Simplified Swedish." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-352897.
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Discussions on the concept of ”Klarspråk” and ”Lättläst” are major topics in Sweden at the moment with efforts towards increasing readability of government organization information in the project ”Begriplig Text”. In the field of natural language processing, a lot of efforts have gone into text simplification. This thesis examines the possibility of using hand crafted transfer and generation rules to increase the readability of text through monolingual machine translation. Transfer and generation rules were developed that handle Swedish grammatical structures including explicitivity and word order. The data used in this thesis consist of manually collected data sets from government organization websites and Uppsala University. The translation results were evaluated using manual evaluation and the automatic readability evaluation methods LIX, OVIX and nominal ratio (NR). Test results show that the developed rules can produce successful transformation on text although not significantly altering the automatic evaluation scores. The results from the manual evaluation show that a higher readability can be achieved with the developed rules although more tests on bigger data sets are needed in order to fully evaluate all rules developed in this thesis.
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Perez, Richard. "The Canadian C-Spine Rule and CT-Head Rule Implementation Studies: A Psychological Process Evaluation." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19814.
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The Canadian C-Spine (CS) and CT-Head (CT) Rules are tools aimed at improving the accuracy and efficiency of radiography use in emergency departments. This study evaluated whether the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) could explain the inconsistent results from implementation studies of these two rules at 12 Canadian hospitals, where the same intervention resulted in a significant reduction in CS radiography but not CT radiography. It was demonstrated that the TPB model’s proposed relationships between constructs and behaviour could explain the ordering of CS but not CT radiography. However, after examining longitudinal changes of the TPB constructs, it was clear that these changes could not explain the changes in CS radiography ordering. Overall, TPB is unlikely to suggest important ways by which to improve radiography use, for CT because its constructs are not related to radiography ordering, and for CS because of high baseline levels of intention to clinically clear.
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Mostofian, Nasrin. "A Study on Manual and Automatic Evaluation Procedures and Production of Automatic Post-editing Rules for Persian Machine Translation." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325818.
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Evaluation of machine translation is an important step towards improving MT. One way to evaluate the output of MT is to focus on different types of errors occurring in the translation hypotheses, and to think of possible solutions to fix those errors. An error categorization is a rather beneficent tool that makes it easy to analyze the translation errors and can also be utilized to manually generate post-editing rules to be applied automatically to the product of machine translation. In this work, we define a categorization for the errors occurring in Swedish--Persian machine translation by analyzing the errors that occur in three data-sets from two websites: 1177.se, and Linköping municipality. We define three types of monolingual reference free evaluation (MRF), and use two automatic metrics BLEU and TER, to conduct a bilingual evaluation for Swedish-Persian translation. Later on, based on the experience of working with the errors that occur in the corpora, we manually generate automatic post-editing (APE) rules and apply them to the product of machine translation. Three different sets of results are obtained: (1) The results of analyzing MT errors show that the three most common types of errors that occur in the translation hypotheses are mistranslated words, wrong word order, and extra prepositions. These types of errors are placed in semantic and syntactic categories respectively. (2) The results of comparing the correlation between the automatic and manual evaluation show a low correlation between the two evaluations. (3) Lastly, applying the APE rules to the product of machine translation gives an increase in BLEU score on the largest data-set while remaining almost unchanged on the other two data-sets. The results for TER show a better score on one data-set, while the scores on the two other data-sets remain unchanged.
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Masachis, Gelo Sara. "When mRNA folding rules gene expression : lessons from type I toxin-antitoxin systems." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0191/document.
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Les systèmes toxine-antitoxine (TA) sont de petits modules génétiques largement présents dans les génomes bactériens. Ils codent pour une petite protéine toxique et une antitoxine. Ils sont classés en six types en fonction de la nature et du mode d'action de l'antitoxine. Ce travail a porté sur l'étude du type I, pour lequel l'antitoxine est un ARN antisens qui cible l'ARNm de la toxine afin de réprimer son expression. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons étudié le système aapA3/IsoA3, codé sur le chromosome du pathogène gastrique humain Helicobacter pylori. À ce jour, la plupart des systèmes TA ont été étudiés à l'aide de systèmes d'expression artificiels, qui ne permettent pas de caractériser la régulation transcriptionnelle ou post-transcriptionnelle. En utilisant la létalité induite par l’expression chromosomique de la toxine obtenue en absence d’antitoxine, nous avons développé une sélection génétique de mutants suppresseurs révélés par séquençage haut-débit. Cette approche, appelée FASTBAC-Seq, nous a permis de cartographier une myriade de déterminants de toxicité localisés dans les régions codantes et non codantes du gène de la toxine AapA3. En particulier, certaines de ces mutations ont révélé l'existence de tige-boucles ARN transitoires qui agissent de manière co-transcriptionnelle pour empêcher l'initiation de la traduction pendant la synthèse de l'ARNm codant pour la toxine. Ces structures ARN métastables fonctionnelles sont nécessaires pour découpler les processus de transcription et de traduction et permettent la présence de ces gènes toxiques sur le chromosome bactérien. Bien que les ARNm non traduits deviennent rapidement instables, nos travaux ont également révélé l'existence de deux tige-boucles protectrices situées aux deux extrémités de l'ARNm. Ces structures secondaires empêchent des activités exonucléolytiques agissant en 5' et 3'. Dans l’ensemble, notre travail met en évidence les conséquences de la forte pression de sélection pour limiter l'expression des toxines sous laquelle évoluent les systèmes TA. Cela nous a permis de mieux comprendre l’influence du repliement secondaire des ARNm, non seulement lors de la régulation posttranscriptionnelle, mais aussi co-transcriptionnelle de l’expression de cette famille particulière de gènes. Ces caractéristiques de régulation basées sur l'ARN peuvent être exploitées à l'avenir pour des applications biotechnologiques (p. ex., production accrue de protéines par stabilisation d'ARNm) ou biomédicales (p.ex., développement de stratégies antimicrobiennes alternatives pour l'activation de la synthèse de toxines)<br>Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are small genetic modules widely present in bacterial genomes. They usually code for a small toxic protein and its cognate antitoxin and can be classified into six types depending on the nature and mode of action of the antitoxin. This work focuses on the study of type I, for which the antitoxin is an antisense RNA that targets the toxin mRNA to inhibit its expression. We characterized the aapA3/IsoA3 system, encoded on the chromosome of the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. To date, most TAs have been studied using artificial expression systems, which do not allow the characterization of transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulation. Taking advantage of the lethality induced by the toxin chromosomal expression in the absence of antitoxin, we developed a high-throughput genetic selection of suppressor mutations revealed by Next-Generation Sequencing. This approach, named FASTBAC-Seq, allowed us to map a myriad of toxicity determinants located in both, coding and noncoding regions, of the aapA3 toxic gene. More precisely, some suppressor mutations revealed the existence of transient RNA hairpins that act co-transcriptionally to prevent translation initiation while the toxinencoding mRNA is being made. Such functional RNA metastable structures are essential to uncouple the transcription and translation processes and allow the presence of these toxic genes on bacterial chromosomes. Although untranslated mRNAs become rapidly unstable, our work also revealed the presence of two protective stem-loops located at both mRNA ends that prevent from both, 5’ and 3’ exonucleolytic activity. Altogether, our work evidenced the consequences of the strong selection pressure to silence toxin expression under which the TAs evolve, and highlighted the key role of mRNA folding in the co- and post-transcriptional regulation of this family of genes. These RNA-based regulatory mechanisms may be exploited in the future for biotechnological (e.g., increased protein production through mRNA stabilization) or biomedical (e.g., development of alternative antimicrobial strategies aiming at the activation of toxin synthesis) applications
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Gergely, Noemi. "Implicit Family Process and Couples Rules: A Comparison of American and Hungarian Families." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/526.
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Family life is organized by rules, and most of them are unspokenly agreed-upon by family members and may be even out of awareness. Implicit family process and couple rules may facilitate or constrain family relationship and intimate couple relationship growth. Prevalence of family rules may be different across cultures. Family members may perceive their rules and family functioning differently according to their family position and gender. Married couples may view their relationship rules differently than couples who cohabit. This study utilized the Family Implicit Rules Profile (FIRP) and the Couples Implicit Rules Profile (CIRP) Questionnaires to answer these research questions. The questionnaires were translated into Hungarian, and the content validity of the Hungarian translation was established. Hungarian non-clinical families and couples were compared to American (U.S.) non-clinical families and couples to examine how prevalent implicit rules were in the two cultures. According to the findings, Hungarian families and couples scored lower on the total FIRP and CIRP scores. Hungarian families perceived implicit family rules regarding kindness and monitoring less prevalent, and rules regarding constraining their thoughts, feelings and self more prevalent than American families. No differences were found in expressiveness and connection and inappropriate caretaking of parents between the two cultures. Hungarian couples perceived their implicit relationship rules regarding kindness, expressiveness and connection and monitoring less prevalent than American couples. No differences in implicit rules about constraining thoughts, feelings and self and inappropriate caretaking of partner were found between the two cultures. Mothers in both cultures viewed their families in a more positive light than other family members, and female family members (mothers and daughters) were more positive than their male counterparts (fathers and sons) about rules in their families in both cultures. Sons in both cultures perceived more responsibility to protect their parents emotionally than did daughters. Married couples in both cultures perceived their relationship rules more favorably in terms of kindness and monitoring than cohabiting couples. Results were interpreted in the context of cultural differences between the American and the Hungarian cultures. Limitations and the possibility of future research are discussed.
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Caseli, Helena de Medeiros. "Indução de léxicos bilíngües e regras para a tradução automática." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-29082007-090905/.
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A Tradução Automática (TA) -- tradução de uma língua natural (fonte) para outra (alvo) por meio de programas de computador -- é uma tarefa árdua devido, principalmente, à necessidade de um conhecimento lingüístico aprofundado das duas (ou mais) línguas envolvidas para a construção de recursos, como gramáticas de tradução, dicionários bilíngües etc. A escassez de recursos lingüísticos, e mesmo a dificuldade em produzi-los, geralmente são fatores limitantes na atuação dos sistemas de TA, restringindo-os, por exemplo, quanto ao domínio de aplicação. Neste contexto, diversos métodos vêm sendo propostos com o intuito de gerar, automaticamente, conhecimento lingüístico a partir dos recursos multilíngües e, assim, tornar a construção de tradutores automáticos menos trabalhosa. O projeto ReTraTos, apresentado neste documento, é uma dessas propostas e visa à indução automática de léxicos bilíngües e de regras de tradução a partir de corpora paralelos etiquetados morfossintaticamente e alinhados lexicalmente para os pares de idiomas português--espanhol e português--inglês. O sistema proposto para a indução de regras de tradução apresenta uma abordagem inovadora na qual os exemplos de tradução são divididos em blocos de alinhamento e a indução é realizada para cada bloco, separadamente. Outro fator inovador do sistema de indução é uma filtragem mais elaborada das regras induzidas. Além dos sistemas de indução de léxicos bilíngües e de regras de tradução, implementou-se também um módulo de tradução automática para permitir a validação dos recursos induzidos. Os léxicos bilíngües foram avaliados intrinsecamente e os resultados obtidos estão de acordo com os relatados na literatura para essa área. As regras de tradução foram avaliadas direta e indiretamente por meio do módulo de TA e sua utilização trouxe um ganho na tradução palavra-a-palavra em todos os sentidos (fonte--alvo e alvo--fonte) para a tradução dos idiomas em estudo. As traduções geradas com os recursos induzidos no ReTraTos também foram comparadas às geradas por sistemas comerciais, apresentando melhores resultados para o par de línguas português--espanhol do que para o par português--inglês.<br>Machine Translation (MT) -- the translation of a natural (source) language into another (target) by means of computer programs -- is a hard task, mainly due to the need of deep linguistic knowledge about the two (or more) languages required to build resources such as translation grammars, bilingual dictionaries, etc. The scarcity of linguistic resources or even the difficulty to build them often limits the use of MT systems, for example, to certain application domains. In this context, several methods have been proposed aiming at generating linguistic knowledge automatically from multilingual resources, so that building translation tools becomes less hard. The ReTraTos project presented in this document is one of these proposals and aims at inducing translation lexicons and transfer rules automatically from PoS-tagged and lexically aligned translation examples for Portuguese--Spanish and Portuguese--English language pairs. The rule induction system brings forth a new approach, in which translation examples are split into alignment blocks and induction is performed for each type of block separately. Another new feature of this system is a more elaborate strategy for filtering the induced rules. Besides the translation lexicon and the transfer rule induction systems, we also implemented a MT module for validating the induced resources. The induced translation lexicons were evaluated intrinsically and the results obtained agree with those reported on the literature. The induced translation rules were evaluated directly and indirectly by the MT module, and improved the word-by-word translation in both directions (source--target and target--source) for the languages under study. The target sentences obtained by the induced resources were also compared to those generated by commercial systems, showing better results for Portuguese--Spanish than for Portuguese--English.
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Syrowatka, Ania. "Understanding the Role of the Ottawa Ankle Rules in Physicians' Radiography Decisions: A Social Judgment Analysis Approach." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22854.
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Clinical decision rules improve health care fidelity, benefit patients, physicians and healthcare systems, without reducing patient safety or satisfaction, while promoting cost-effective practice standards. It is critical to appropriately and consistently apply clinical decision rules to realize these benefits. The objective of this thesis was to understand how physicians use the Ottawa Ankle Rules to guide radiography decision-making. The study employed a clinical judgment survey targeting members of the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians. Statistical analyses were informed by the Brunswik Lens Model and Social Judgment Analysis. Physicians’ overall agreement with the ankle rule was high, but can be improved. Physicians placed greatest value on rule-based cues, while considering non-rule-based cues as moderately important. There is room to improve physician agreement with the ankle rule and use of rule-based cues through knowledge translation interventions. Further development of this Lens Modeling technique could lend itself to a valuable cognitive behavioral intervention.
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Conocimiento, Dirección de Gestión del. "The Translator." Taylor & Francis Group, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655393.
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Odom, Stuart A. "Translator writer systems." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12232009-020105/.
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Zuniga, Gleimara Regina Ferreira. "Construing the translator." Florianópolis, SC, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/88788.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente.<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-22T13:43:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>The interdisciplinary nature of Translation Studies allows for different approaches to look at the translation phenomena. In this respect, this study, informed by corpus-based studies and systemic linguistics, proposes to investigate how the entity "the translator" is construed in the small scale parallel corpus composed of Becoming a Translator (1997), an academic book textualized by Douglas Robinson, and its counterpart Construindo o Tradutor (2002), retextualized by Jussara Simões, by looking at transitivity patterns emerging in the modeling of the translator in both texts. The analysis is assisted by the software WordSmith Tools (Scott 1998) for data collection, and on the numeric code for corpus annotation CROSF 14 (Feitosa, 2005). The analysis of transitivity choices in the language used to construe the image of "the translator" showed that such entity has been quantitatively and proportionally retextualized. Nevertheless, the qualitative analysis revealed a slight divergence as regards the construal of the image of the translator in the retextualization.
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Waldmeier, Martin. "The artist as translator." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2017. http://research.gold.ac.uk/19819/.
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This thesis project explores an artist figure that has risen to prominence in the context of the art world’s growing global interconnectedness: the figure of the (cultural) translator who shifts between multiple cultural and linguistic zones, speaking between them. In order to approach this figure I map out the international art world and its institutions as places marked by linguistic operations and acts of cross-cultural address, arguing that the translatability of an artist’s work is key to its circulation within an expanding international circuit. I argue that the translator figure can be viewed as a response to the demands posed by institutional politics of diversity, neoliberal economics of cultural circulation, as well as the changing roles of art as a global medium — with artists becoming cross-cultural public intellectuals and commentators. In dialogue with selected artistic practices and their specific contexts (Nicoline van Harskamp, Guillermo Gómez-Peña, Walid Raad, Rabih Mroué, Dilek Winchester and others) and drawing from translation studies (especially Naoki Sakai’s notion of translation not as a binary activity but as a relational practice and form of address), I explore the various intellectual, artistic, and critical potentialities immanent to the role of the translator, and argue for translation to be developed as a form of critical cross-cultural authorship in the field of international contemporary art.
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Pérution-Kihli, Guillaume. "Data Management in the Existential Rule Framework : Translation of Queries and Constraints." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UMONS030.
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Le contexte général de ce travail est la problématique de la conception de systèmes de haute qualité intégrant plusieurs sources de données via une couche sémantique codée dans un langage de représentation et de raisonnement sur les connaissances. Nous considérons les systèmes de gestion de données basés sur des connaissances (KBDM), qui sont structurés en trois couches : la couche de données, qui comprend les sources de données, la couche de connaissances (ou ontologique), et les mappings entre les deux. Les mappings et les connaissances sont exprimés dans le cadre des règles existentielles. Une des difficultés intrinsèques à la conception d'un système KBDM est la nécessité de comprendre le contenu des sources de données. Les sources de données sont souvent fournies avec des requêtes et des contraintes typiques, à partir desquelles on peut tirer des informations précieuses sur leur sémantique, tant que cette information est rendue intelligible aux concepteurs du système KBDM. Cela nous amène à notre question centrale : est-il possible de traduire les requêtes et les contraintes des données au niveau de la connaissance tout en préservant leur sémantique ? Les principales contributions de cette thèse sont les suivantes. Nous étendons les travaux antérieurs sur la traduction de requêtes sur les données vers l'ontologie avec de nouvelles techniques pour le calcul de traductions de requêtes parfaites, minimalement complètes ou maximalement adéquates. En ce qui concerne la traduction des contraintes sur les données vers l'ontologie, nous définissons un cadre général et l'appliquons à plusieurs classes de contraintes. Enfin, nous fournissons un opérateur de réécriture de requêtes adéquat et complet pour les règles existentielles disjonctives et les mappings disjonctifs, ainsi que des résultats d'indécidabilité, qui sont d'un intérêt indépendant<br>The general context of this work is the issue of designing high-quality systems that integrate multiple data sources via a semantic layer encoded in a knowledge representation and reasoning language. We consider knowledge-based data management (KBDM) systems, which are structured in three layers: the data layer, which comprises the data sources, the knowledge (or ontological) layer, and the mappings between the two. Mappings and knowledge are expressed within the existential rule framework. One of the intrinsic difficulties in designing a KBDM is the need to understand the content of data sources. Data sources are often provided with typical queries and constraints, from which valuable information about their semantics can be drawn, as long as this information is made intelligible to KBDM designers. This motivates our core question: is it possible to translate data queries and constraints at the knowledge level while preserving their semantics?The main contributions of this thesis are the following. We extend previous work on data-to-ontology query translation with new techniques for the computation of perfect, minimally complete, or maximally sound query translations. Concerning data-to-ontology constraint translation, we define a general framework and apply it to several classes of constraints. Finally, we provide a sound and complete query rewriting operator for disjunctive existential rules and disjunctive mappings, as well as undecidability results, which are of independent interest
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SERAFIM, Kamila Nayana Carvalho. "Transformando modelos Scade em especificações SCR." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/20342.
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Previous issue date: 2016-09-08<br>A construção de um software para domínios particulares tem de atender normas específicasque impõem o atendimento a fatores como rastreabilidade de requisitos e certificação. Por exemplo, a indústria aeronáutica deve atender à norma DO-178B que estabelece restrições para uso de software de aeronaves, que são considerados sistemas críticos. Para um sistema estar de acordo com essa certificação é necessário ter requisitos formais e código certificado; nesta direção, Andrade (ANDRADE, 2013) usou a notação SCR (Software Cost Reduction) para definição de requisitos e a ferramenta SCADE para modelagem de sistemas críticos, com desenvolvimento de um tradutor de SCR para artefatos xscade. A prática de desenvolvimento de sistema, porém, não está restrita à transição entre requisitos e artefatos de projeto. Modificações realizadas nestes últimos devem também ser refletidas nos requisitos. Neste trabalho desenvolvemos um tradutor de artefatos de modelagem da ferramenta SCADE para SCR. Desta forma podemos gerar especificação de requisitos a partir do código (Engenharia Reversa) e complementamos o trabalho anterior desenvolvido por Andrade (ANDRADE, 2013). Para o desenvolvimento do tradutor, utilizamos a plataforma Spoofax por meio da qual descrevemos a sintaxe do esquema XML utilizado em SCADE e também as regras de tradução tendo como alvo SCR. A validação da tradução teve como ponto de partida o resultado do uso do tradutor desenvolvido por Andrade (ANDRADE, 2013), tendo de gerar como saída a mesma entrada do tradutor desenvolvido por Andrade (ANDRADE, 2013). Além disso, desenvolvemos exemplos para demonstrar que a modificação estrutural, com preservação de semântica, em projetos SCADE, é verificável por meio do uso de testes gerados por meio da ferramenta TTM-TVEC<br>Building a software for particular domains must attend specific standards that impose
attendance to factors such as traceability requirements and the certification issue. For
example, the airline industry should meet the DO-178B standard that establishes restrictions
on the use of aircraft software, which is considered a critical system. For a system to
be in accordance with this certification, one must have formal requirements and certified
code. In this direction, Andrade (ANDRADE, 2013) used SCR (Software Cost Reduction)
for requirements definition and SCADE for modeling critical systems with development of
an artifacts a translator from SCR. However the practice of developing is not restricted
to the transition from requirements to design artifacts. Changes made on design should
be reflected in the requirements. In this work we developed a translator from SCADE
to SCR. In this way we can generate requirements specification from the code (reverse
engineering) and complement the previous Andrade (ANDRADE, 2013) thesis. For the
translator development, we use the Spoofax platform through which we describe the XML
schema syntax used in SCADE and also the translation rules having SCR as the target
language. The translation validation had as its starting point the result of the translator
developed by Andrade (ANDRADE, 2013), where the output is the same input developed
by Andrade(ANDRADE, 2013). Furthermore, examples developed to demonstrate that
the structural modification that preserves semantics in SCADE, is verifiable through the
use of tests generated by the TTM-TVEC tool.
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Chen, Feng De. "A corpus-assisted research on translator style :Eileen Chang as a self-translator." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3954273.
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Alowedi, Noha. "Developing A Translator Career Path: a New Approach to In-House Translator Development Evaluation." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1446784750.
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Tonchev, Ognyan, and Mohammed Salih. "High-level programming languages translator." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för för interaktion och systemdesign, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2560.
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This paper discusses a high level language translator. If we divide translators of programming languages in two types: those working for two specific languages and universal translators that can be used for translation between different programming languages, the solution that will be presented in this work can be classified as both, specific language oriented and an universal translator. For the purpose of the research it was limited to translate only from Java to C++, but it can easily be extended to translate between any other high level languages. For simplifying the process of translation the project uses an intermediate step. All programs in the input language are first compiled to an abstract XML language and then to the desired output language. That way it is not necessary to translate directly from one programming language to another which is a very tricky and difficult task and could make the solution difficult to be maintained and extended. Hence the translator can also be used to translate from any high level language to XML. That gives another advantage to our solution: an XML representation of a computer program is valuable information by itself. We describe the design and implementation of the solution, demonstrate how it works and also give information on how it can be extended to work for any other programming language.<br>This paper discusses a high level language translator. If we divide translators of programming languages in two types: those working for two specific languages and universal translators that can be used for translation between different programming languages, the solution that will be presented in this work can be classified as both, specific language oriented and an universal translator. For the purpose of the research it was limited to translate only from Java to C++, but it can easily be extended to translate between any other high level languages. For simplifying the process of translation the project uses an intermediate step. All programs in the input language are first compiled to an abstract XML language and then to the desired output language. That way it is not necessary to translate directly from one programming language to another which is a very tricky and difficult task and could make the solution difficult to be maintained and extended. Hence the translator can also be used to translate from any high level language to XML. That gives another advantage to our solution: an XML representation of a computer program is valuable information by itself. We describe the design and implementation of the solution, demonstrate how it works and also give information on how it can be extended to work for any other programming language.
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Halim, Roohul, and Syed Atif Shaharyar. "FrontWay PaperFront to OpenModelica Translator." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, PELAB - Laboratoriet för programmeringsomgivningar, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-72085.
Full textAbstract:
Many companies in the domain of modeling and simulation are showing interest in the new emerging OpenModelica, an object oriented modeling and simulation platform based on Modelica language. The purpose of this thesis is to study if and how simulation libraries written in ExtendSim such as PaperFront, can be semi-automatically converted to equivalent Modelica libraries. The ExtendSim tool is based upon a C like language called ModL that is used for designing models. A prototype translator is developed for translating ModL to Modelica. One difficulty that had to be overcome was the fact that ExtendSim is a commercial tool which hides part of its model information in a binary format. The generated code from prototype translator can be viewed using any text editor or using the textual view of Modelica graphical editors such as OMEdit or Dymola. The implementation of the prototype translator is done using the Java based ANTLR tool, which generates a parser and a lexer from the defined grammar rules. Moreover, a set of templates is written using the StringTemplate language for the code generation. The prototype translator takes ModL code of an ExtendSim library file and generates an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST), which is then converted to an equivalent Modelica AST. This Modelica AST is later converted to textual Modelica code. Subject to limited resource availability and time constraints of the thesis work, the basic constructs of ModL language are supported by the translator e.g. data types, if-else statements, loops, procedures etc. The enhancements in the translator can be made in the future by adding support for remaining language features such as support for tracing and additional ModL built-in functions etc.
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MENEZES, JULIANA CUNHA. "FERNANDO PESSOA AS A TRANSLATOR." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=22458@1.
Full textAbstract:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>FUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>A presente dissertação tem como objetivo verificar que tipo de tradutor, do
inglês para o português, foi Fernando Pessoa. A fim de atingir essa meta, li o livro
Fernando Pessoa: poeta-tradutor de poetas (1999), de Arnaldo Saraiva, e analisei os
níveis métrico, rimático, rítmico, semântico e os diversos recursos estilísticos dos
poemas To a skylark de Percy Bysshe Shelley, Catarina to Camoens de Elizabeth
Barrett Browning, The last metamorphosis of Mephistopheles de Frank Marzials, e de
suas traduções feitas por Fernando Pessoa. A metodologia adotada encontra-se em
Britto (2002, 2004, 2006a, 2006b, 2006c, 2008a, 2008b), e ela visa identificar as
características poeticamente significativas do poema original; atribuir uma prioridade a
cada característica, dependendo da maior ou menor contribuição por ela dada ao efeito
estético total do poema; e verificar, nas traduções, se foram recriadas as características
tidas como as mais significativas das que podem efetivamente ser recriadas — ou seja,
verificar se foram encontradas correspondências para elas. Para essa análise, utilizei
também a terminologia de Abrams et al. (1974), Fraser (1977), Hollander (1989) e
Fussell (1979) para os originais; e de Chociay (1974), Mattoso (2010) e Proença (1955)
para as traduções. Questões que permeiam as discussões sobre tradução poética, como a
fidelidade, também foram levadas em conta.<br>The present thesis aims to verify what kind of translator, from English into
Portuguese, Fernando Pessoa was. In order to achieve this goal, I read Arnaldo
Saraiva’s book Fernando Pessoa: poeta-tradutor de poetas (1999), and analyzed the
meter, rhyme scheme, rhythm and meaning, as well as the diverse stylistic devices in
Percy Bysshe Shelley’s To a skylark, Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Catarina to
Camoens, Frank Marzials’s The last metamorphosis of Mephistopheles, and in
Fernando Pessoa’s translations of these poems. The methodology adopted can be found
in Britto (2002, 2004, 2006a, 2006b, 2006c, 2008a, 2008b), and its goal is to identify
the characteristics of the original poem which are poetically significant; to assign a
priority to each characteristic, depending on its higher or lower contribution to the total
aesthetic effect of the poem; and to verify whether the translator was able to re-create
the characteristics considered the most significant among the ones which can effectively
be re-created – in other words, to verify whether the translator was able to find
correspondences for them. For these analyses, I used the terminologies in Abrams et al.
(1974), Fraser (1977), Hollander (1989) and Fussell (1979) for the originals; and in
Chociay (1974), Mattoso (2010) and Proença (1955) for the translations. Issues that
pervade the discussions of poetic translation, such as fidelity, were also taken into
account.
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Ochani, Vidit. "Java bytecode to Pilar translator." Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16987.
Full textAbstract:
Master of Science<br>Department of Computing and Information Sciences<br>Robby<br>Software technology is the pivot around which all modern industries revolve. It is not surprising that industries of diverse nature such as finance, business, engineering, medicine, defense, etc. have assimilated sophisticated software in every step of functioning. Subsequently, with larger reach of application, software technology has evolved intricately; thereby thwarting the desirable testing of software. Companies are investing millions of dollars in manual and automated testing, however, software bugs continue to persist. It is well known that even a trivial bug can ultimately cost the company millions of dollars. Therefore, we need smarter tools to help eliminate bugs.
Sireum is a research project to develop a software analysis platform that incorporates various tools and techniques. Symbolic execution, model checking, deductive reasoning and control flow graph are few examples of the aforementioned techniques. The Sireum platform is based on previous projects like the Indus static analysis framework, the Bogor model checking framework and the Bandera Java model checker. It uses the Pilar language as intermediate representation. Any language which can be translated to Pilar can be analyzed by Sireum. There exists translator for Spark - a verifiable subset of Ada for building high-integrity systems.
In this report, we are presenting one such translator for Java Bytecode - A frontend which can generate Pilar from Java intermediate representation. The translator emulates the working of the Java Virtual Machine(JVM), by simulating a stack-based virtual machine. It will help us analyse JVM based softwares, such as, mobile applications for Android. We also evaluate and report statistics on the efficiency and speed of translation.
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Warote, Nuntaporn. "ETRANS : an English-Thai translator /." Online version of thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11639.
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Kopru, Selcuk. "Coupling Speech Recognition And Rule-based Machine Translation." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610001/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this thesis was to study the coupling of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems with rule-based machine translation (MT) systems. In this thesis, a unique approach to integrating ASR with MT for speech translation (ST) tasks was proposed. The proposed approach is unique, essentially because it includes the rst rule-based MT system that can process speech data in a word graph format. Compared to other rule-based MT systems, our system processes both a word graph and a stream of words. Thus, the suggested integration method of the ASR and the rule-based MT system is more detailed than a simple software engineering practice. The second reason why it is unique is because this coupling approach performed better than the rst-best and N-best list techniques, which are the only other methods used to integrate an ASR with a rule-based MT system. The enhanced performance of the coupling approach was verified with experiments.
The utilization of rule-based MT systems for ST tasks is important<br>however, there are some unresolved issues. Most of the literature concerning coupling systems has focused on how to integrate ASR with statistical MT rather than rule-based MT. This is because statistical MT systems can process word graphs as input, and therefore, the resolution of ambiguities can be moved to the MT component. With the new approach proposed in this thesis, this same advantage exists in rule-based MT systems. The success of such an approach could facilitate the efficient usage of rule-based systems for ST tasks.
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Tyers, Francis M. "Feasible lexical selection for rule-based machine translation." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/35848.
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Wang, Teng-I. 1967. "Multi-target AHPL netlist format translator." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291377.
Full textAbstract:
AENT91 and AENT-TTL are AHPL to EDIF netlist translator for the AHPL hardware programming language. Although they are able to provide connections to L-EditTM, GateSimTM and OrCAD/VSTTM some embedded limitations inhibit them from providing more useful connections to other advanced commercial CAD tools. This thesis describes a new AHPL Netlist Format Translator (ANFT) which serves as a multi-target translator with some local optimization processes for AHPL. The limitations of AENT91 and AENT-TTL as well as the design considerations of ANFT are discussed in the first of the three parts of this thesis. Implementation details are provided in the second part. In the last part, tests of ANFT output files and comparisons of results from AENT91, AENT-TTL and ANFT translated AHPL benchmarks are presented. The results show that ANFT not only provides better results but also successfully connects AHPL to more commercial CAD tool systems.
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McNair, Lynn Jacqueline. "'Rules, rules, rules and we're not allowed to skip'." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22942.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the breadth of research on the educational transition of young children, there has been little evidence, in Scotland, of this knowledge impacting on every day practice. The overall contention that emerges from the literature is that some children positively embrace the experience, while others face challenges and risk failure and regression. There is a need for research into the transition from the early years setting to school, which holds promise that the findings will be disseminated to stakeholders locally, nationally and internationally with the aim that the perspectives of young children are heard. This ethnographic study is an examination of the perspectives of 16 young children as they transition from an early years centre, Lilybank, to four primary schools, Northfield, Southfield, Eastfield and Westfield, in a Scottish city. Seven key qualitative questions were asked which explored how children, parents and professionals experienced this educational transition. Data was gathered from empirical methods such as participant observations, mind–mapping sessions, interviews and documentation – e.g., council procedures and school handbooks. Participant observations took place in the early years setting and the participating schools. Most of the interviews took place in the children’s homes, or in a convenient environment for the family, such as a local cafeteria. An analysis of the data shows that power is a central concept in understanding transitions. The voices of children, and their families, are often silenced by policy-makers, bureaucrats and professionals during the process, or overshadowed and undermined by mainstream procedures. Children are expected to become acquiescent, adjusting to coercive practices used in the school institution. However, the findings also show that some children find ways to creatively resist organisation. Unique life journeys involve differences and from their individual experiences, children construct elaborate knowledge. The views of children can (and do) add nuance to our understanding of how power impacts on their transition experience. Children’s accounts of discipline strategies used by the schools were insightful. The concept of power is under-theorised and under-explored in transitions. This study, therefore, adds to the growing body of transition research. Further, the findings of this study stress the need for policy makers and institutions to reflect on and question the complex role of power in young children’s transitions.
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Krithivasan, Bhavani. "Cross-Language tweet classification using Bing Translator." Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38556.
Full textAbstract:
Master of Science<br>Department of Computing and Information Sciences<br>Doina Caragea<br>Social media affects our daily lives. It is one of the first sources for finding breaking news. In particular, Twitter is one of the popular social media platforms, with around 330 million monthly users. From local events such as Fake Patty's Day to across the world happenings - Twitter gets there first. During a disaster, tweets can be used to post warnings, status of available medical and food supply, emergency personnel, and updates. Users were practically tweeting about the Hurricane Sandy, despite lack of network during the storm. Analysis of these tweets can help monitor the disaster, plan and manage the crisis, and aid in research.
In this research, we use the publicly available tweets posted during several disasters and identify the relevant tweets. As the languages in the datasets are different, Bing translation API has been used to detect and translate the tweets. The translations are then, used as training datasets for supervised machine learning algorithms. Supervised learning is the process of learning from a labeled training dataset. This learned classifier can then be used to predict the correct output for any valid input. When trained to more observations, the algorithm improves its predictive performance.
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Fletcher, Narelle, University of Western Sydney, of Performance Fine Arts and Design Faculty, and School of Design. "The Role of the translator in theatre." THESIS_FPFAD_SD_Fletcher_N.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/757.
Full textAbstract:
The author approaches the subject of translating for theatre both as a theatre practitioner and professional translator working in three languages. Translation is generally regarded as process of linguistic transfer from one language to another language in written form. Theatrical texts are an unique literary form because their written form is a base, anchor and springboard for the text in performance. Until recently, translation studies have tended to oscillate between lofty pronouncements which remain too general to be easily applicable to the practical task of translating and close textual analysis which may appear fastidious and overly specific. The art of translation has often wanted to call itself a science, thereby ostensibly increasing its credibility. However nowhere more in the context of theatre can it be justifiably called an art, with all that entails in terms of subjectivity, cultural bias and transitory or timeless validity. There is no such thing as a perfect translation. Translation is a process of endless learning. Several translation theorists have offered broad categorisations or lengthy rationalised lists to help define the parameters of this most tangible practice. No such lists exist which addressed the specific criteria of translation for theatre. Through personal experience and critical reflection, this thesis will offer the beginning of a blueprint which may be useful for translators working in this field<br>Master of Arts (Hons)(Performance)
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Fletcher, Narelle Genet Jean Dorst Tankred. "The role of the translator in theatre /." View thesis, 1999. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030910.105959/index.html.
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Dobson, Caroline L. H. "Paul Celan's practice as poet and translator." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253774.
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PESSOA, MARILUCE FILIZOLA CARNEIRO. "THE PARATEXT AND THE TRANSLATOR`S VISIBILITY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=16281@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>Este trabalho tem como objetivo valorizar o paratexto como espaço de
visibilidade do tradutor. Baseia-se na abordagem teórica dos estudos descritivos
da tradução, com especial ênfase no conceito de normas tradutórias elaborado por
Gideon Toury. A partir do estudo das normas, pode-se compreender e explicar o
comportamento do tradutor e as diretrizes que regeram sua tarefa, o que torna
especialmente visível o processo de mediação e o agente mediador. Segundo
Toury, as normas tradutórias podem ser depreendidas a partir de duas fontes: a
tradução em si e as formulações semiteóricas de tradutores, editores ou críticos.
Para este estudo, selecionou-se um corpus constituído de prefácios, posfácios,
introduções e notas do tradutor, que se insere nesse segundo tipo de fonte. Ao
analisar o discurso do tradutor, procurando explicitar as normas que regeram seu
trabalho, esta pesquisa contrapõe-se à defesa feita pelo teórico norte-americano
Lawrence Venuti da estratégia estrangeirizadora que implica uma escrita de
resistência ao texto fluente como forma de promover a visibilidade do tradutor.
Levando-se em conta que, no Brasil de hoje, a fluência é a marca por excelência
de uma boa tradução, constituindo não somente uma expectativa por parte dos
leitores como um requisito por parte das editoras, propõe-se que o tradutor se
torne visível no paratexto e, não, por meio de intervenções explícitas no texto
traduzido, destacando que ambientes culturais diferentes requerem abordagens
diferentes, e que teorias desenvolvidas em um dado sistema não devem ser
aplicadas em outros sistemas sem os devidos ajustes aos respectivos contextos.<br>The purpose of this dissertation is to stress the role of the paratext as a
space of visibility for the translator. The study is based on the theoretical approach
of Descriptive Translation Studies, emphasizing the concept of translation norms
developed by Gideon Toury. From the study of norms, it is possible to understand
and explain the translators’ behavior and the guidelines that govern their tasks,
which makes the process of mediation as well as the agent of this mediation
especially visible. According to Toury, translation norms may be reconstructed
from two major sources: the translated texts themselves and the semi-theoretical
and critical formulations made by translators, editors and publishers. From the
second of these sources, a corpus comprised of translators’ prefaces, introductions
and notes was selected. The analysis of the translators’ discourses aims at
reconstructing the norms that govern their tasks. Lawrence Venuti has argued that
the translator disappears behind a fluent text that erases the foreignness of the
original text. Accordingly, he proposes an approach to translation that resists
fluency, stylistic and idiomatic norms as a way of promoting the translators’
visibility. In contrast, the present study argues that it is in the paratext, rather than
in the translated text itself, that the translator may become visible in society. This
study seeks also to show that different cultures require different approaches and
that theories developed in a particular system should not be applied to other
systems without the proper adjustments to their specific contexts.
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Syahrina, Alvi. "Online Machine Translator System and Result Comparison." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20869.
Full textAbstract:
Translation from one human language to another has been using the help of the capabilities of computer advances. There are a lot of machine translators nowadays, each adapts to different machine translator approaches. This thesis presents the distinction between two selected machine translator approaches, statistical machine translator (SMT) and hybrid machine translator (HMT). The research focuses on creating evaluation for two machine translator of different approaches by both textual studies and evaluation experiment. The result of this research is an evaluation of the translator system and also the translation result. This result is then hoped to add information into the history of machine translators.<br>Program: Kandidatutbildning i informatik
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Danaher, James. "GPS Translator Record and Interface System (TRIS)." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613761.
Full textAbstract:
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 29-November 02, 1990 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada<br>Global Positioning System (GPS) translator signals have been used to track U.S Navy Trident missile test launches for the past 15 years. Absolute position accuracies of better than 20 meters in real-time and 8 meters in post mission have been consistently demonstrated. Flight qualified GPS translators 40 cubic inches in size have been developed for the U.S. Army Exoatmospheric Re-entry Vehicle Interceptor Subsystem (ERIS) program and are currently available for use by U.S. and allied government test ranges.
More widespread use of GPS translators is constrained, however, by the great expense and size of the custom ground equipment currently used to acquire GPS translator signals and compute the position and velocity of the vehicle. To address this problem, the U.S. Air Force Western Space and Missile Center (WSMC) placed 3S under contract to design a lower-cost GPS translator processor based mainly on using commercial telemetry equipment.
This paper describes how a working prototype was constructed to demonstrate the feasibility of the Translator Record and Interface System (TRIS). This prototype shows that TRIS can be built from a combination of commercially-available telemetry equipment, GPS equipment developed for the U.S. Air Force Range Applications Joint Program Office (RAJPO), and a few elements of custom equipment.
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Newcomb, Christine Caroline. "August Wilhelm Schlegel : poet, critic and translator /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6681.
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Chan, Andy Lung Jan. "Information economics, the translation profession and translator certification." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8772.
Full textAbstract:
This research uses the framework of information economics to analyze the translation profession and translator certification. The translation market is found to be heterogeneous and fragmented and both buyers and sellers <br/>frequently enter and exit the market. The recruiters seeking translators surveyed believe translator certification can enhance the overall image of the translation profession but increased monetary benefits might be minimal. <br/>There are two reasons why currently translator certification systems do not function effectively as a signal. First, because of <br/>"counter-signaling", high-quality translators may have less incentive to use certification because signaling behavior may mark them down as mediocre translators. Second, due to "signal-jamming", vocational master's degrees in Translation are likely to compete with translator certification as a signaling device, and employers find it difficult to make inference about job applicants' employability from these two credentials.As recommendations, professional translator associations, translator <br/>training institutions and others need to collaborate in developing multilateral signaling devices as well as provide translators with the <br/>required knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary for them to thrive in the <br/>ever-changing translation market.<br>Esta investigación utiliza el marco teórico de la economía de la información para analizar la profesión de la traducción. Concretamente, se utilizan los conceptos económicos de información asimétrica y selección adversa. La información asimétrica implica dos o más agentes económicos, entre los que uno de ellos tiene mejor información que el resto. Aplicado al mercado de la traducción, analiza la situación en que los compradores de servicios de traducción necesitan reclutar nuevos traductores para su trabajo, pero no pueden distinguir con eficacia entre un "buen" traductor y uno "malo". Se ofrecen las siguientes recomendaciones para consolidar el efecto referencial del sistema de certificación del traductor: una coordinación más cercana entre los sistemas de certificación y las organizaciones profesionales en diversos países o regiones; una mejor aplicación de códigos profesionales y de regulación de la conducta; desarrollo de un reciclaje continuo que mantenga a los traductores al día de la realidad cambiante de la profesión. Pero sobre todo, es necesario que las asociaciones profesionales de traductores, las instituciones formativas y otros implicados, trabajen juntos en el desarrollo de mecanismos multilaterales de referencia que puedan cubrir las demandas de contratantes y clientes, a la vez que proporcionan a los traductores el conocimiento, habilidades y actitudes requeridas para su supervivencia y prosperidad en el complejo y variable mercado de la traducción.
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Hessman, Emil. "Input Format Design and Translator Development for NJOY." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-156431.
Full textAbstract:
The NJOY Nuclear Data Processing System is a software system used for nuclear data management [1]. In particular, it is used to convert evaluated nuclear data for materials stored in Evaluated Nuclear Data Files (ENDF) [2] into different formats, as well as performing operations on the data. NJOY is widely used within nuclear data research, and as such, it is important that the system has a user friendly interface. The NJOY input instructions [4] is a non-interactive user interface used for specifying jobs to be run by NJOY. The input instructions are complex and hard to read compared to e.g. a high-level programming language. Working with a large and complex job easily becomes a daunting and error-prone task. Accordingly, there is a need for an improved input format. In this thesis, a new input format has been designed. In order to make the new input format useable with NJOY, a translator which is able to translate the new input format into the original NJOY input instructions has also been implemented. The results have been verified by a small set of tests.
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Ivarsson, Siw. "Being a Translator : - With a Licence to Improve." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-28831.
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This paper sets out to investigate and discuss what a translator may do when the source text for some reasons needs to be improved. The analysis is based on examples from a source text in need of quite extensive editing. This editing is called for to be able to present a translation that is satisfactory as well for the target reader as for the translator. To achieve this, the translator has to deal with a series of crucial decisions. One important determinant of any decision on part of the translator is, of course, the quality of the source text, which may vary a great deal. Originals sometimes exhibit flaws of various kinds. In such cases, what is the translator supposed to do? Is (s)he supposed to deliver a translation that contains the same mistakes as the ST, or is (s)he supposed to rewrite a poor text? The main focus of the present study is to discuss possible strategies for changes and to find support for the translator to work with improving editing in a text that needs to be improved. More specifically, focus is on looking at the strategies that are available when it comes to three specific problem areas, viz person perspective, author visibility and repetition. The study initiates a further discussion of the translator's mission – should it include making a brilliant version of a poor source text? It was found that the translator should not transfer language flaws that might appear in a source text with no stylistic pretentions, but instead produce an improved target text, even if that entails rather extensive editing.
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Emami, Hassan. "Fitzgerald as a Translator and Mediator of Persian." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521946.
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Yu, King Chung. "Object-oriented file translator for the MEMCAD system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36042.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1995.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-73).<br>by King Chung Yu.<br>M.Eng.
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Tan, Peter K. S. "A translator from RISC code into MC68020 code." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14289.
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Fernandes, Ronald, Michael Graul, Burak Meric, and Charles H. Jones. "ONTOLOGY-DRIVEN TRANSLATOR GENERATOR FOR DATA DISPLAY CONFIGURATIONS." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605328.
Full textAbstract:
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 18-21, 2004 / Town & Country Resort, San Diego, California<br>This paper presents a new approach for the effective generation of translator scripts that can be used
to automate the translation of data display configurations from one vendor format to another. Our
approach uses the IDEF5 ontology description method to capture the ontology of each vendor format
and provides simple rules for performing mappings. In addition, the method includes the
specification of mappings between a language-specific ontology and its corresponding syntax
specification, that is, either an eXtensible Markup Language (XML) Schema or Document Type
Description (DTD). Finally, we provide an algorithm for automatically generating eXtensible
Stylesheet Language Transformation (XSLT) scripts that transform XML documents from one
language to another. The method is implemented in a graphical tool called the Data Display
Translator Generator (DDTG) that supports both inter-language (ontology-to-ontology) and intra-language
(syntax-to-ontology) mappings and generates the XSLT scripts. The tool renders the XML
Schema or DTD as trees, provides intuitive, user-friendly interfaces for performing the mappings,
and provides a report of completed mappings. It also generates data type conversion code when both
the source and target syntaxes are XML Schema-based. Our approach has the advantage of
performing language mappings at an abstract, ontology level, and facilitates the mapping of tool
ontologies to a common domain ontology (in our case, Data Display Markup Language or DDML),
thereby eliminating the O(n^2) mapping problem that involves a number of data formats in the same
domain.
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Gustafsson, Salarp Niklas, and Herman Othelius. "Mobile Translator : En applikation for mobila Windows enheter." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-42994.
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Företaget Saab AB i Karlstad har utvecklat produkten Paratus Pocket Translator för att hjälpa ambulans\-sjukvårdare kommunicera med patienter som inte talar samma språk. Eftersom denna produkt enbart finns på en utgående mobil plattform behöver Saab en omskrivning av denna produkt på en modern plattform. Denna uppsats beskriver projektet Mobile Translator vilket även blev produktens arbetsnamn. Projektets huvudsakliga syfte var en ny version av den tidigare produkten Paratus Pocket Translator för Windows med bibehållen funktionalitet. Projektet har resulterat i en Windows applikation baserad på moderna tekniker som tillfredställer Saabs behov och önskemål.<br>The company Saab AB in Karlstad has developed the product Paratus Pocket Translator to help paramedics communicate with patients who do not speak the same language. This product is only available on an older mobile platform that has since been replaced. Saab is now in need of a rewrite of this product on a more modern platform. This dissertation describes the project Mobile Translator, which also became the products working title. The project's main aim was a new version of the previous product Paratus Pocket Translator for Windows with maintained functionality. The project has resulted in a Windows application based on modern technologies that satisfies Saab's needs and requests.
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Mason, Adrienne. "Translating landscape history : the translator as knowledge-producer." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/f3d12ed9-d82d-49d3-839d-4adc2ac79823.
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Authorship is a key indicator of individual scholarly distinction. Academic translators, however, are not academic authors and their status as co-producers of new knowledge is denied by the prevalent institutional assumption that they do no more than reproduce existing scholarship. My aim in this thesis is to challenge that preconception by showing how translators work interactively with others to produce texts which contribute independently to scholarship as hybrid discourses of knowledge, and by demonstrating that translation practice expands our knowledge of translation itself. As the basis for these claims, I use my translation of a French monograph on landscape history by Michel Baridon (1926-2009), published in 2006 by Actes Sud. Within a framework combining Bourdieusian approaches and Latour’s actor-network-theory, I analyse my participation in the ‘making’ of that translation within a global production network. All academic texts are produced and validated collaboratively in the academic communities to which they contribute. I argue that new technologies create a bilingual ‘laboratory’ in which authorial, translatorial and editorial roles and responsibilities can be holistically combined to increase the transformative potential of translation projects and expand the social limits of the translator-function. My construction of scholarly comparability between source and target texts during the translation process illustrates the translator’s role as a co-producer of new knowledge and evidences the interpretative power of translated texts in the production of new historical narratives. My contribution to Translation Studies is twofold: I show how interactive networks of translation production can optimise the epistemological and discursive hybridity of translated academic texts, and I demonstrate that translation practice can make a distinctive, independent contribution to scholarship. On that basis, I argue that practitioner-researchers should be mainstreamed within research communities as co-producers of knowledge and translations acknowledged as a research output.
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Nilsson, Daniel. "G-Code to RAPID translator for Robot-Studio." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för maskinteknik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-9981.
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With the emerging development of new technology and the constantly falling prices, more companies will find interest in industrial robots. Until today, the typical robot users have been large scale car manufacturers. But there exists a big potential market within the small to medium businesses that already uses of CNC machines. Attracting smaller businesses to start using industrial robots could open up the doors to new possibilities and increase their production. Unfortunately, most people still lack the knowledge of operating and programming industrial robots. But many companies have knowledge in G-code which is normally used in CNC machines. That is why this work is focussing on the development of a software that opens up the possibility to make use of G-code to program advanced robot paths with minimal user input. By striving for easier handling of robots, the vision about a more efficient and automated society will become one step closer. The introduction straightens out the different basic principles of CNC milling machines and robots. This will introduce the reader and highlight the different similarities and differences that exist between robots and CNC mills. The goal of this work has been to create an add-in application for ABB’s off-line programming software RobotStudio that was able to import at least one type of file format commonly used for CNC milling. The program should be able to handle some basic functionality, the focus has been on the standard iso6983 type of G-code. The project started with a literature study that gave the author a better insight in both the previous research within the area but also deeper knowledge of the systems CNC mills and robots. The work continued with the development of a software able to import the specified file format. The software has been built in C# and is built as an add-in software for ABB’s offline programming software RobotStudio. The result presents a software that is able to read different types of G-code and translate them into generated paths in RobotStudio. The software also has an inbuilt function in order to parameterize the G02 and G03 commands that represent curves in G-code into straight line segments of the type MoveL in RobotStudio.
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Lee, Chen-Hsiu. "A tabular propositional logic: and/or Table Translator." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2409.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this project is to design a tool to help users translate any logic statement into Disjunctive Normal Form and present the result as an AND/OR TABLE, which makes the logic relation easier to express by using a two-dimensional grid of values or expressions. This tool is implemented through a web-based and Java-based application. Thus, the user can utilize this tool via World Wide Web.
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Soto, Raymond. "First Rules." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 1991. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/636.
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Sánchez-Martínez, Felipe. "Using unsupervised corpus-based methods to build rule-based machine translation systems." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/13879.
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Devaki, A. R. Deepthi. "A Translator from CRL2representation of PowerPC Assembly to ALF." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Innovation, Design and Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-6584.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Real Time systems are systems which must give accurate results within a precise time period. These systems have now become an indispensable aspect of our day to day lives. As the importance of real time system increases, the need to ensure safety increases.</p><p>Imagine an intelligent sentry android with decision making ability which guards a frontier. It has to make quick analysis of images in order to decide whether it has to shoot, warn or say "howdy partner”. In such cases, it is desirable to make a correct calculation (to identify friends and foes) and also to make a correct timely behaviour after analysing data from its sensors. This is done by the inbuilt software of the android. There lies the risk of the sentry robot not matching the image within a given time and failing in functionality. For safety reasons, in such real time applications, where meeting deadlines is critical, it is sought-after to obtain the worst case execution time of programs.</p><p>Worst Case Execution Time (WCET) analysis finds the upper bound on the execution time of a program. By obtaining this, we can design a system which works fine even in the most stressed state. SWEdish Execution time Tool (SWEET) is a tool for WCET analysis developed by the Mälardalen WCET research group. SWEET performs static analyses on an intermediate code format named ALF (Artist2 Language for WCET flow Analysis) and finds an upper bound of the worst case execution time. aiT is another WCET tool developed by AbsInt company for static analysis in real time system. They maintain a format known as CRL (Control flow Representation Language) to represent various types of object code formats in terms of control flow graphs.</p><p>The main objective of this thesis work is to write a translator from CRL2's representation of PowerPC assembler code to ALF.</p>
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Dogbey, Felix Kwame Atsu. "GEST translator within the knowledge-based modelling system MAGEST." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4866.
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King, Regan R. "Untrained Forward Observer (UFO) translator for call for fire." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/37651.
Full textAbstract:
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>Many observers need indirect fire but are not proficient in Call for Fire, the procedure used to request indirect fire. To alleviate this, we propose the development of an application, which we call the Untrained Forward Observer (UFO) Translator, capable of assisting untrained observers in performing Call for Fire by asking a series of simple questions to generate a Call for Fire in the proper format. As a prior Forward Observer with more than 12 years of Call for Fire experience, and as a former Supporting Arms instructor at The Basic School in Quantico, VA, the application outlined in this thesis has been carefully designed to ensure the logic in place is sufficient and appropriate to retrieve the required information from users to generate a proper Call for Fire capable of executing a fire mission utilizing indirect fire. A prototype of the application was tested and partially verified in a pilot study conducted at the Naval Postgraduate School and discussed herein. We believe the UFO Translator will fulfill its design specifications and be easy enough to use by any military member, regardless of rank, billet, or experience. In this thesis, we present the design and layout of the UFO Translator.