Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Safeners / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Safeners.

Journal articles on the topic 'Safeners'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Safeners.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Nelson, Eric A., and Donald Penner. "Reduction Of Isoxaflutole Injury To Corn (Zea Mays) with Herbicide Safeners And Water-repellent Adjuvants." Weed Technology 20, no. 4 (2006): 999–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-05-100.1.

Full text

Abstract:

The objectives of this research were to evaluate herbicide safeners and water repellents for their efficacy in reducing injury caused by isoxaflutole to corn at four application timings (PRE, spike, two-leaf, and four-leaf), and to evaluate the retention of the combinations of isoxaflutole, herbicide safeners, and water-repellent adjuvants. The safeners R-29148 and furilazole decreased injury from isoxaflutole when applied PRE. Corn injury increased from POST applications at the two-leaf and four-leaf stage of isoxaflutole mixed with safeners compared with isoxaflutole alone. The safeners may

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Hatzios, Kriton K. "An Overview of the Mechanisms of Action of Herbicide Safeners." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 46, no. 9-10 (1991): 819–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1991-9-1017.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Herbicide safeners are chemicals used for manipulating the tolerance of large-seeded grass crops to selected soil-applied herbicides. The physiological interactions of herbicides and their respective safeners are characterized by the following facts: a) safeners are most effective when applied prior to or simultaneously with the herbicides whose injury they prevent; b) safeners exhibit a high degree of botanical and chemical specificity protecting only certain grasses against injury caused from specific classes of herbicides; and c) protected grass crops are moderately tolerant to the

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Dutka, Ferenc. "Bioactive Chemical Bond Systems in Safeners and Prosafeners." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 46, no. 9-10 (1991): 805–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1991-9-1014.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Acetals and ketals involving a dichloromethyl group on their central carbon atom were found to be active or highly active as safeners of corn against thiocarbamate and chloroacet-anilide herbicide injury. A mechanism for the biotransformation of these compounds as prosafeners to the actual dichloroacetic ester safeners is proposed. Similarly, S-and N-analogues of the cyclic acetals (ketals) which show safener activity can also be considered as prosafeners because they can be converted in the biophase by the same mechanism into actual safeners such as dichloroacetic thiolesters or dic

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Ekler, Zsigmond, and Ferenc Dutka. "Chemical Reactivity and Safener Activity of Acetal Compounds." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 46, no. 9-10 (1991): 810–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1991-9-1015.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Although detailed examinations have been published on structure-activity relationships of herbicide safeners, only a few data are available on chemical reactivity-safener activity relationships. Chemical reactivity of acetamide type compounds as well as their safener activity against thiocarbamate herbicides change with the number of chlorine substituents in the order: non-chlorinated < monochloro < dichloro. Several compounds of another chemical group, acetals (e.g. MG-191, 2-dichloromethyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane), are also effective safeners for thiocarbamate herbicides. Accor

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Stephenson, Gerald R., and Tuvia Yaacoby. "Milestones in the Development of Herbicide Safeners." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 46, no. 9-10 (1991): 794–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1991-9-1012.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The concept of using chemical safeners to improve herbicide selectivity became widely known in 1969 with the introduction of naphthalic anhydride (NA) to improve the tolerance of maize to thiocarbamate herbicides. Soon thereafter dichlormid was also developed as a safener for thiocarbamates in maize. At present there are at least eight different chemical safeners that have been developed commercially. Many of these safeners have been most effective for chloroacetamide or thiocarbamate herbicides in monocotyledonous crops such as maize or sorghum. Some are like dichlormid and have bee

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Elmore, Matthew T., James T. Brosnan, Gregory R. Armel, Jose J. Vargas, and Gregory K. Breeden. "Herbicide Safeners Increase Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) Tolerance to Pinoxaden and Affect Weed Control." Weed Technology 30, no. 4 (2016): 919–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-16-00033.1.

Full text

Abstract:

The herbicide pinoxaden is a phenylpyrazoline inhibitor of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase. Research was conducted to determine the effects of pinoxaden (90 g ai ha−1) alone and in combination with herbicide safeners on creeping bentgrass injury as well as perennial ryegrass and roughstalk bluegrass control. Greenhouse experiments determined that herbicide safeners cloquintocet-mexyl, fenchlorazole-ethyl, and mefenpyr-diethyl were more effective in reducing creeping bentgrass injury from pinoxaden than benoxacor, isoxadifen-ethyl, and naphthalic-anhydride. Other experiments determined that creep

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Kunkel, Daniel L., John C. Steffens, and Robin R. Bellinder. "Effect of Temperature and Safeners on Glutathione Levels and Glutathione S-Transferase Activity in Maize." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 46, no. 9-10 (1991): 856–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1991-9-1022.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Studies were conducted to determine the biochemical aspects of chloroacetamide injury to maize and the mechanism by which safeners maintain herbicide tolerance, even at reduced temperatures. The objectives of these studies were threefold: one, determine whether glutathione (GSH) content varies in maize plants grown at three different temperatures in safener-treated and non-treated plants; two, determine whether glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity varies in plants grown at different temperatures; and three, determine if GSH activity is sensitive to low temperatures in vitro. The

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Nelson, Eric A., and Donald Penner. "Leaching of Isoxaflutole and the Herbicide Safeners R-29148 and Furilazole." Weed Technology 21, no. 1 (2007): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-06-036.1.

Full text

Abstract:

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the leaching of isoxaflutole and the safeners R-29148 and furilazole to test the hypothesis that safeners and isoxaflutole were moving at different rates through the soil profile. The isoxaflutole movement down soil columns was measured by evaluating the visible injury on crop and weed bioassay species seeded into columns split longitudinally. The movement of the safeners was measured by evaluating the isoxaflutole injury to the crop assay species compared to the injury observed without a safener present. The results indicated that a heavy rainfall

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Iqtiar, Md Siddique. "Herbicides and Safeners: Enhancing Agricultural Productivity and Environmental Safety." European Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology 10, no. 11 (2023): 40–46. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12804511.

Full text

Abstract:

Herbicides and safeners play a crucial role in modern agriculture by enhancing crop productivity and ensuring environmental safety. Herbicides are chemical substances used to control or eliminate unwanted vegetation, particularly weeds, which compete with crops for nutrients, water, and sunlight. However, the application of herbicides can also pose risks to crops and the environment, necessitating the use of safeners. Safeners are compounds added to herbicide formulations to protect crops from potential damage caused by herbicides, without compromising their effectiveness against weeds. This e

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Ekler, Zsigmond, and Gerald R. Stephenson. "Comparative Effectiveness and Mode of Action of Safeners for Chloroacetamide Herbicides in Maize Seedlings." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 46, no. 9-10 (1991): 828–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1991-9-1018.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract In growth room bioassays, four herbicide safeners {BAS-145138: 1-dichloroacetyl-hexa-hydro-3,3,8a-trimethyl-pyrrolo(1,2a)pyrimidin-6(2H)-one, dichlormid: N,N-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide, flurazole: phenylmethyl 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-5-thiazole-carboxylate and MG-191: 2-dichloromethyl-2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane} were compared for their effective ness in reducing metazachlor {N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(1-pyrazolylmethyl)-chloroacet-amide} injury to maize seedlings. Three of these compounds (BAS-145138, dichlormid and MG-191) and two different compounds (AD-67: N-dichloroacetyl-1-ox

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Simarmata, Marulak, and Donald Penner. "Protection from Primisulfuron Injury to Corn (Zea mays) and Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) with Herbicide Safeners." Weed Technology 7, no. 1 (1993): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00037088.

Full text

Abstract:

Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate and compare herbicide safeners for protection of corn and sorghum from herbicidal injury from metolachlor, primisulfuron, and the interaction of primisulfuron with terbufos, an insecticide. With the exception of CGA-133205 which killed corn, the safeners oxabetrinil, flurazole, naphthalic anhydride, dichlormid, and R-29148 protected against significant injury from the interaction between primisulfuron (40 g ai ha−1) and terbufos (9.8 kg ha−1equivalent to 750 g per 1000 m of row) and from metolachlor (6.7 kg ai ha−1). No primisulfuron-terbufos inter

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Griffin, Timothy S., Lowell E. Moser, and Alex R. Martin. "Influence of Antidotes on Forage Grass Seedling Response to Metolachlor and Butylate." Weed Science 36, no. 2 (1988): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500074713.

Full text

Abstract:

Field studies were conducted for 3 yr near Mead, NE, to evaluate the effectiveness of seed safeners CGA-92194 [N-(1,3-dioxalon-2-yl-methoxy)iminobenzeneacetonitrile], NA (1,8-naphthalic anhydride), and R-29148 (2,2-dimethyl-5-methyldichloroacetyloxazolidine) to reduce herbicide injury to big bluestem (Andropogon gerardiiVitman), indiangrass[Sorghastrum nutans(L.) Nash], intermediate wheatgrass[Agropyron intermedium(Host.) Beauv.], sideoats grama[Bouteloua curtipendula(Michx.) Torr.], and switchgrass (Panicum virgatumL.) from preplant-incorporated butylate [5-ethyl bis-(2-methylpropyl)carbamoth

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Gao, Liu, Jiang, et al. "Protective Responses Induced by Chiral 3-Dichloroacetyl Oxazolidine Safeners in Maize (Zea mays L.) and the Detoxification Mechanism." Molecules 24, no. 17 (2019): 3060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24173060.

Full text

Abstract:

Herbicide safeners selectively protect crops from herbicide injury while maintaining the herbicidal effect on the target weed. To some extent, the detoxification of herbicides is related to the effect of herbicide safeners on the level and activity of herbicide target enzymes. In this work, the expression of the detoxifying enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) and antioxidant enzyme activities in maize seedlings were studied in the presence of three potential herbicide safeners: 3-dichloroacetyl oxazolidine and its two optical isomers. Further, the protective effect of chiral herbicide safen

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Gerhards, Roland, and Hans-Joachim Santel. "Kann die Saatgutbehandlung mit dem Safener Cyprosulfamid die Verträglichkeit von Isoxaflutole in Mais steigern, die Unkrautbekämpfung verbessern und die Wirkstoffmenge verringern?" Gesunde Pflanzen 72, no. 4 (2020): 371–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10343-020-00519-1.

Full text

Abstract:

Zusammenfassung Herbizide Wirkstoffe werden in kommerziellen Produkten manchmal mit Safenern kombiniert, um die Verträglichkeit des Herbizids für die Kulturpflanze zu gewährleisten. Dabei regen Safener meist die Metabolisierung von Herbiziden in der Kulturpflanze an. Das Herbizid Isoxaflutole (IFT) wird in Mais mit dem Safener Cyprosulfamid (CSA) als Co-Formulierung angewendet. In dieser Arbeit wurde untersucht, ob CSA auch zeitlich getrennt von IFT als Saatgutbehandlung den Mais vor Herbizidschäden durch IFT schützen kann und ob die Unkrautbekämpfung in diesem Fall höher ist als bei der Co-Fo

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Böger, Peter, and Roswitha Miller. "Protoporphyrin Accumulation Induced by Peroxidizing Herbicides is Counteracted by Safeners." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 49, no. 11-12 (1994): 775–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1994-11-1213.

Full text

Abstract:

A number of safeners like naphthalene-1,8-dicarboxylic acid anhydride (naphthalic anhydride) or dichloroacetyl-hexahydro-3,3,8-α-trimethylpyrrolo-[1 ,2 α]-pyrimidine-6-(2H̲)-one (BAS 145138) drastically decreased the accumulation of protoporphyrin IX induced by a peroxidative cyclic imide (chlorophthalim, N-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimide), or p-nitrodiphenyl ether (acifluorfen methyl, 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoicmethylester). This effect was observed with etiolated maize and cress seedlings during a 16-h illumination period with these herbicides and 0.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Bernards, Mark L., Joseph T. Simmons, Corey J. Guza, Crystal R. Schulz, Donald Penner, and James J. Kells. "Inbred Corn Response to Acetamide Herbicides as Affected by Safeners and Microencapsulation." Weed Technology 20, no. 2 (2006): 458–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-05-130r.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Corn inbreds are often more sensitive to herbicides than hybrids. Field experiments were conducted with three corn inbreds to (1) evaluate inbred sensitivity to the acetamide herbicides acetochlor, dimethenamid, flufenacet, and metolachlor, (2) compare the effects of various crop safeners in combination with acetochlor and metolachlor, and (3) measure the effect of herbicide microencapsulation on acetochlor injury. Herbicides were applied preemergence at the registered rate and at two, three, or four times the registered rate in corn. Injury ratings, plant population, and the percentage of pla

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Giraldo-Acosta, Manuela, and Marino B. Arnao. "Melatonin, A Promising Natural Crop Safener." Outlooks on Pest Management 35, no. 3 (2024): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v35_jun_06.

Full text

Abstract:

The simultaneous use of pesticides and safeners was established as a tool to protect crops. Several lab trials suggest that the use of melatonin as a natural safener can be an interesting, inexpensive, and eco-friendly strategy to improve crops and pest management.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Matolcsy, György, Ágota Tombor, and Antal Gimesi. "Dithiocarbamate Derivatives as Herbicide Safeners." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 46, no. 9-10 (1991): 815–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1991-9-1016.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The growing environmental and toxicological concern about the dichloroacetamide type herbicide safeners prompted us to search for alternative safener types. Based on analogy considerations, a random screening of structurally unrelated bivalent sulphur compounds was performed, followed by successive structure optimization phases representing both speculative and empirical elements. Dithiocarbamate ester type compounds derived from 1,4-exaza-spiro[4.5]decane revealed highest protecting potency both agains thiolcarbamate and chlor-acetanilide herbicides in corn (Zea mays L.), with the b

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Deng, Xile. "Current Advances in the Action Mechanisms of Safeners." Agronomy 12, no. 11 (2022): 2824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12112824.

Full text

Abstract:

Herbicide safeners are a series of agrochemicals that can selectively protect crop plants from herbicide injury without affecting herbicidal efficacy. Understanding mechanisms by which safeners act is significant for discovery of novel types. Safeners primarily alleviate herbicide phytotoxicity to crop plants via several actions: (i) enhancing metabolism of herbicides in crops; (ii) affecting absorption and transportation of herbicides in crops; (iii) competitively binding to herbicide target sites; and (iv) affecting activity of target enzymes. This review describes recent advances in the act

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Deng, Xile. "A Mini Review on Natural Safeners: Chemistry, Uses, Modes of Action, and Limitations." Plants 11, no. 24 (2022): 3509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11243509.

Full text

Abstract:

Herbicide injury is a common problem during the application of herbicides in practice. However, applying herbicide safeners can avoid herbicide damage. Safeners selectively protect crops against herbicide injury without affecting the biological activity of herbicides against the target weeds. However, after long-term application, commercial safeners were found to pose risks to the agricultural ecological environment. Natural safeners are endogenous compounds from animals, plants, and microbes, with unique structures and are relatively environment-friendly, and thus can address the potential ri

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Liu, Li-Ming, Qi-Fan Pang, and Yue Zhai. "Crystal structure and biological activity studies of two different types of herbicide safeners." INDIAN JOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 34, no. 03 (2024): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.59467/ijhc.2024.34.281.

Full text

Abstract:

Two heterocyclic compounds, imidazolidine-1,3-diylbis((5-methyl-3-phenylisoxazol-4-yl)methanone) (I) and (5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)(1-oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]decan-4-yl)methanone (II), were characterized by X-rays. Compound I was crystallized in monoclinic system, space group Cc, a= 9.81000(12) Å, b= 15.21199(16) Å, c= 14.25369(17) Å, β= 90.3862 (12)degree, Z= 4, V= 2127.02(4) Å3, F(000) = 928.0, Dc= 1.382 Mg/m3, crystal size: 0.150 x 0.130 x 0.120 mm. Compound II was crystallized in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n, a = 5.6113(5) Å, b = 11.2280(10) Å, c = 20.675(2) Å, β = 95.543(10)degree, Z

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Castro, Edicarlos, Carolina Pucci, Stefano Duarte, Nilda Roma Burgos, and Te Ming Tseng. "Improved herbicide selectivity in tomato by safening action of benoxacor and fenclorim." Weed Technology 34, no. 5 (2020): 647–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wet.2020.30.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractSafeners have been widely used to reduce phytotoxicity to crops, thus serving as an alternative weed control strategy. Benoxacor and fenclorim safeners have the potential to protect plants from herbicide phytotoxicity by increasing glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity within the plant. The study aimed to evaluate the safening effect of benoxacor and fenclorim on tomato against selected herbicides applied POST. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized designed with four replications in a 9 × 3 factorial scheme, where Factor A consisted of eight herbici

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Fu, Ying, Hai Tao Li, Qing Shan Zhao, and Fei Ye. "CoMSIA Study of a Series of N-Dichloroacetyl Oxazolidine Derivatives." Applied Mechanics and Materials 195-196 (August 2012): 380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.195-196.380.

Full text

Abstract:

Comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) were performed on N-dichloroacetyl oxazolidine derivatives as herbicide safeners. The best CoMSIA models that were generated using atom based alignmen, Rcv2=0.632, n=4, R2=0.927, F=31.796 and s=0.097. The contributions of steric field, electrostatics field, hydrophobicities field and hydrogenbond acceptor were 0.127, 0.260, 0.285 and 0.328, respectively. The CoMSIA model was satisfactory and would be useful for the future design of new N-dichloroacetyl oxazolidine herbicide safener.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Deng, Xile, Wenna Zheng, Qingcai Zhan, Yanan Deng, Yong Zhou, and Lianyang Bai. "New Lead Discovery of Herbicide Safener for Metolachlor Based on a Scaffold-Hopping Strategy." Molecules 25, no. 21 (2020): 4986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25214986.

Full text

Abstract:

The use of herbicide safeners can significantly alleviate herbicide injury to protect crop plants and expand the application scope of the existing herbicides in the field. Sanshools, which are well known as spices, are N-alkyl substituted compounds extracted from the Zanthoxylum species and have several essential physiological and pharmacological functions. Sanshools display excellent safener activity for the herbicide metolachlor in rice seedlings. However, the high cost of sanshools extraction and difficulties in the synthesis of their complicated chemical structures limit their utilization

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Kőmíves, Tamás, and Kriton K. Hatzios. "Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationships of Herbicide Safeners." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 46, no. 9-10 (1991): 798–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1991-9-1013.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The discovery and commercial success of safeners against thiolcarbamate herbicide injury to corn has stimulated a rapid progress and opened new possibilities for further research and development in the last decade. Compounds with new chemistry, increased efficacy, and a broader selectivity spectrum were synthesized and developed for agricultural use. Structure-activity relationship studies helped to optimize their chemical properties and to understand their biological modes of action. Several examples indicate close similarity between chemical structures possessing herbicidal and safe

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Edwards, Robert, Daniele Del Buono, Michael Fordham, et al. "Differential Induction of Glutathione Transferases and Glucosyltransferases in Wheat, Maize and Arabidopsis thaliana by Herbicide Safeners." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 60, no. 3-4 (2005): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2005-3-416.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract By learning lessons from weed science we have adopted three approaches to make plants more effective in phytoremediation: 1. The application of functional genomics to identify key components involved in the detoxification of, or tolerance to, xenobiotics for use in subsequent genetic engineering/breeding programmes. 2. The rational metabolic engineering of plants through the use of forced evolution of protective enzymes, or alternatively transgenesis of detoxification pathways. 3. The use of chemical treatments which protect plants from herbicide injury. In this paper we examine the r

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Moreland, Donald E., and Frederick T. Corbin. "Influence of Safeners on the in vivo and in vitro Metabolism of Bentazon and Metolachlor by Grain Sorghum Shoots: a Preliminary Report." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 46, no. 9-10 (1991): 906–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1991-9-1031.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Metabolism of bentazon and metolachlor by excised shoots and a microsomal fraction isolated from the shoots, of 3-day-old, dark-grown, grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor cv. Funk G 522 DR) seedlings was studied. The effects of seed treatments, on the subsequent metabolism of the herbicides, with the safeners naphthalic anhydride, oxabetrinil, and CGA 133205 were compared against surface-sterilization and Captan-treatments. Bentazon was aryl hydroxylated in both in vivo and in vitro studies with the hydroxylated derivative undergoing glycosylation only under in vivo conditions. Both shoo

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Zhang, Zujie, G. Euel Coats, and Albert H. Boyd. "Germination and Seedling Growth of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Hybrids After Seed Storage with Safeners at Varying Humidities." Weed Science 42, no. 1 (1994): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004317450008423x.

Full text

Abstract:

Laboratory and growth room experiments were conducted to determine effects of CGA-133205, oxabetrinil, and flurazole on grain sorghum hybrids ‘DeKalb 46’ and ‘DeKalb 48’ after the seed were treated with the herbicide safeners and stored for up to 24 wk at various relative humidity levels. Each safener treatment had an adverse effect on grain sorghum seed as reflected by fewer normal seedlings at 4 d when averaged over storage time and relative humidity levels. Flurazole and oxabetrinil increased the number of ungerminated seed of both hybrids, and 0.4 and 0.8 g ai kg–1CGA-133205 increased unge

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

de Oliveira, Tabata Raissa, Antonio Augusto Correa Tavares, Shaun Broderick, Taghi Bararpour, and Te Ming Tseng. "Assessing the Protective Effects of Benoxacor, Fenclorim, Melatonin, and 2,4,6-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Against Herbicide Injury in Tomato." HortTechnology 34, no. 6 (2024): 782–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech05480-24.

Full text

Abstract:

Safeners protect crops by enhancing their ability to metabolize various compounds, including herbicides. They increase a crop’s tolerance to herbicide damage, activating herbicide-metabolizing proteins, and aiding in their detoxification. This study aimed to investigate the chemical effects of safeners in tomato cultivation and focus on injury reduction and tissue protection. The experiment followed a randomized factorial design (5 × 4) with four replications repeated twice. We evaluated the effects of herbicides dicamba, 2,4-D, metribuzin, and sulfentrazone (diluted to 1% of the recommended f

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Davies, Joanna, and John C. Caseley. "Herbicide safeners: a review." Pesticide Science 55, no. 11 (1999): 1043–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9063(199911)55:11<1043::aid-ps60>3.0.co;2-l.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Kunkel, Daniel L., Robin R. Bellinder, and John C. Steffens. "Safeners Reduce Corn (Zea mays) Chloroacetanilide and Dicamba Injury Under Different Soil Temperatures." Weed Technology 10, no. 1 (1996): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00045802.

Full text

Abstract:

The results of two experiments involving the effects of safeners on chloroacetanilide and dicamba injury in corn are reported here. The first experiment was conducted to determine whether MON-4660, CGA-154281, dichlormid, and MON-13900 would increase corn tolerance to alachlor, metolachlor, and acetochlor, respectively, over a range of soil temperatures (12 to 37 C). All three herbicides, particularly acetochlor, reduced corn shoot lengths at temperatures less than 32 C. The safeners effectively increased corn tolerance to their respective chloroacetanilide herbicide at all soil temperatures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Zhao, Li-Xia, Hai-Tao Qu, Ying Fu, Shuang Gao, and Fei Ye. "Alleviation of injury from chlorimuron-ethyl in maize treated with safener 3-dichloroacetyl oxazolidine." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 95, no. 5 (2015): 897–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps-2014-437.

Full text

Abstract:

Zhao, L.-X., Qu, H.-T., Fu, Y., Gao, S. and Ye, F. 2015. Alleviation of injury from chlorimuron-ethyl in maize treated with safener 3-dichloroacetyl oxazolidine. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 897–903. The protective effects of herbicide safeners, including 3-dichloroacetyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine (R-28725), 3-dichloroacetyl-2,2-dimethyl-4-ethyl-1,3-oxazolidine (Racemate), and its two enantiomers (R)-3-dichloroacetyl-2,2-dimethyl-4-ethyl-1,3-oxazolidine (R-enantiomer) and (S)-3-dichloroacetyl-2,2-dimethyl-4-ethyl-1,3-oxazolidine (S-enantiomer), on reducing the phytotoxicity of chlorimuron-ethyl t

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Cottingham, C. K., and K. K. Hatzios. "Influence of the Safener Benoxacor on the Metabolism of Metolachlor in Corn." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 46, no. 9-10 (1991): 846–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1991-9-1020.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The herbicide safener benoxacor (CGA -154281) is effective in protecting corn from metolachlor injury. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity of corn seedlings was stimulated by low concentrations of benoxacor as was the formation of a polar metabolite identified as the glutathione (GSH) conjugate of metolachlor. A similar degree of enhancement of metolachlor metabolism was observed in both a metolachlor-tolerant (’Cargill 7567’) and a metolachlor-susceptible (’Northrup-King 9283’) corn line. The total GSH content of shoots of the metolachlor-susceptible corn hybrid was not affecte

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Farago, Slobodan, Christian Brunold, and Klaus Kreuz. "Herbicide safeners and glutathione metabolism." Physiologia Plantarum 91, no. 3 (1994): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1994.tb02985.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Farago, Slobodan, Christian Brunold, and Klaus Kreuz. "Herbicide safeners and glutathione metabolism." Physiologia Plantarum 91, no. 3 (1994): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.1994.910326.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Kral, Andrew E., Nicholas C. Pflug, Monica E. McFadden, Gregory H. LeFevre, John D. Sivey, and David M. Cwiertny. "Photochemical Transformations of Dichloroacetamide Safeners." Environmental Science & Technology 53, no. 12 (2019): 6738–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b00861.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Kotoula-Syka, Eleni, and Kriton K. Hatzios. "Interactions of Tribenuron with Four Safeners and Piperonyl Butoxide on Corn (Zea mays)." Weed Science 44, no. 2 (1996): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500093802.

Full text

Abstract:

The efficacy of the safeners naphthalic anhydride (NA), R-29148, benoxacor, and dichlormid as protectants of corn against injury from the methyl ester of tribenuron was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Tribenuron applied alone reduced the root length of both ‘Pioneer 3180’ and ‘Northrup-King 9283’ corn. The concentration of tribenuron causing 50% reduction of corn root length (GR50) was 1 μM. NA applied as a seed dressing at 0.5 and 1.0% (w/w) was the most effective of the four safeners tested and provided excellent protection to both corn hybrids against 1, 2, and 4 μM tribenuron. Soaki

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Matzenbacher, Felipe de Oliveira, Guilherme Ávila Soares, Roberto Fachinello, et al. "Safeners: impacto dos fatores ambientais, genéticos e interações entre agrotóxicos na fisiologia de sementes tratadas." CONTRIBUCIONES A LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES 17, no. 1 (2024): 4821–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/revconv.17n.1-289.

Full text

Abstract:

O sucesso no controle de plantas daninhas evoluiu com o desenvolvimento de safeners ou protetores. O tratamento de sementes com esses produtos químicos facilitou o manejo de herbicidas e reduziu a interferência no estabelecimento da lavoura. Porém, em algumas situações, esse tratamento de sementes proporciona interferências negativas nos atributos fisiológicos de sementes. Dessa forma, os objetivos desta revisão são identificar e descrever fatores que podem interferir na ação dos safeners em função de questões ambientais, com interação entre diferentes classes de defensivos vegetais ou fertili

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Simonsen, Derek, Nicole Cady, Chunyun Zhang, et al. "The Effects of Benoxacor on the Liver and Gut Microbiome of C57BL/6 Mice." Toxicological Sciences 186, no. 1 (2021): 102–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfab142.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The toxicity of many “inert” ingredients of pesticide formulations, such as safeners, is poorly characterized, despite evidence that humans may be exposed to these chemicals. Analysis of ToxCast data for dichloroacetamide safeners with the ToxPi tool identified benoxacor as the safener with the highest potential for toxicity, especially liver toxicity. Benoxacor was subsequently administered to mice via oral gavage for 3 days at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 5, and 50 mg/kg bodyweight (b.w.). Bodyweight-adjusted liver and testes weights were significantly increased in the 50 mg/kg b.w. gr

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Wilkinson, R. E., and R. R. Duncan. "Oxabetrinil Reversal of Metolachlor and Acid Soil Stress." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 46, no. 11-12 (1991): 950–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1991-11-1204.

Full text

Abstract:

Metolachlor and excess Mn2+ (acid soil stress) induce alterations in gibberellin precursor biosynthesis that can explain the morphological responses to these physiological stresses. Oxabetrinil protects sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] from the influence of metolachlor and excess Mn2+. Sorghum cultivar variations in response to excess Mn2+ are explicable as differential rates of ent-kaurene biosynthesis between acid soil sensitive and tolerant cultivars. Concentrations of Mn2+ present in vegetative leaves and reproductive stem tissues were not different. Therefore, cultivar differences in

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Wilkinson, R. E., and R. R. Duncan. "Oxabetrinil Reversal of Metolachlor and Acid Soil Stress." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 46, no. 9-10 (1991): 950–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1991-9-1039.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Metolachlor and excess Mn2+ (acid soil stress) induce alterations in gibberellin precursor biosynthesis that can explain the morphological responses to these physiological stresses. Oxabetrinil protects sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] from the influence of metolachlor and excess Mn2+. Sorghum cultivar variations in response to excess Mn2+ are explicable as differential rates of ent-kaurene biosynthesis between acid soil sensitive and tolerant cultivars. Concentrations of Mn2+ present in vegetative leaves and reproductive stem tissues were not different. Therefore, cultivar dif

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Elmore, Matthew T., James T. Brosnan, Gregory R. Armel, Jose J. Vargas, and Gregory K. Breeden. "Influence of Herbicide Safeners on Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) Tolerance to Herbicides." Weed Technology 29, no. 3 (2015): 550–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-14-00045.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Glasshouse research was conducted to investigate the efficacy of herbicide safeners for improving creeping bentgrass (CBG) tolerance to various herbicides. CBG injury from amicarbazone (150 g ha−1), bispyribac-sodium (110 g ha−1), fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (35 g ha−1), imazapic (45 g ha−1), quinclorac (1,050 g ha−1), or topramezone (37 g ha−1) applied in combination with the herbicide safeners naphthalic anhydride or isoxadifen-ethyl was evaluated. These safeners reduced CBG injury from topramezone only. Topramezone was then applied in combination with naphthalic anhydride, isoxadifen-ethyl, cloquint

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Hatzios, Kriton K., and Nilda Burgos. "Metabolism-based herbicide resistance: regulationby safeners." Weed Science 52, no. 3 (2004): 454–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/p2002-168c.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Ricko, Allison N., Andrew W. Psoras, and John D. Sivey. "Reductive transformations of dichloroacetamide safeners: effects of agrochemical co-formulants and iron oxide + manganese oxide binary-mineral systems." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 22, no. 10 (2020): 2104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0em00331j.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Zhao, Yaning, Wenqing Li, Lanlan Sun, et al. "Candidate Genes Involved in Tolerance to Fenoxaprop-P-Ethyl in Rice Induced by Isoxadifen-Ethyl Hydrolysate." Agronomy 13, no. 1 (2023): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010225.

Full text

Abstract:

The metabolic resistance of plants to herbicides is similar to the herbicide metabolism process accelerated by safeners. The tolerance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl (FE) is distinct among different varieties of rice in which phytotoxicity forms easily, resulting in the restricted use of FE in paddy. Safener effectively resolves this issue. This study showed that rice 9311 and Meixiangzhan No. 2 (MXZ) had different tolerance mechanisms to FE. Isoxadifen-ethyl hydrolysate (IH) alleviated FE the inhibition of rice growth. Transcriptome sequencing revealed numerous differentially expressed genes (DEGs) be

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Braverman, Michael P., Terry L. Lavy, and Ronald E. Talbert. "Effects of Metolachlor Residues on Rice (Oryza sativa)." Weed Science 33, no. 6 (1985): 819–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500083429.

Full text

Abstract:

Field studies were conducted on a Taloka silt loam (Mollic Albaqualf) to determine the effects of residual levels of metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] on rice (Oryza sativaL.). Yield reductions could be overcome by increasing rice seeding rate, by decreasing seeding depth, or by applying the safeners CGA-43089 [α-(cyanomethoxyimino)-benzacetonitrile] or CGA-92194 [α-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl-methoximino)-benzacetonitrile] to the rice seed. Greenhouse studies with the safeners and reduced seeding depths indicated that CGA-92194 was better than CGA-4

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Cottingham, Charles K., Kriton K. Hatzios, and Sue Meredith. "Influence of Chemical Treatments on Glutathione S-Transferases of Maize with Activity Towards Metolachlor and Cinnamic Acid." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 53, no. 11-12 (1998): 973–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1998-11-1207.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The subcellular distribution of glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity extracted from shoots of 3-day-old etiolated seedlings of maize (Zea mays L., Northrup-K ing 9283 hybrid) and the induction of soluble and m em brane-bound G ST activity by the safener benoxacor, the herbicide metolachlor and their com bination (CGA -180937) were investigated. GST activity extracted from maize shoots was detected in both cytosolic and microsomal fractions and utilized l-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB ), metolachlor, and trans-cinnamic acid (CA) as substrates. Soluble GST activity extracted from

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Ye, Fei, Peng Ma, Yue Zhai, et al. "Design, microwave-assisted synthesis, bioactivity and SAR of novel substituted 2-phenyl-2-cyclohexanedione enol ester derivatives." RSC Advances 8, no. 35 (2018): 19883–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra02647e.

Full text

Abstract:

Based on the structure–activity relationship and active substructure combination, a novel class of substituted 2-phenyl-2-cyclohexanedione enol ester derivatives was designed for use as potential herbicide safeners.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Kotoula-Syka, Eleni, Kriton K. Hatzios, and Sue A. Meredith. "Interactions Between SAN 582H and Selected Safeners on Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and Corn (Zea mays)." Weed Technology 10, no. 2 (1996): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00039993.

Full text

Abstract:

The efficacy of the safeners naphthalic anhydride (NA), CGA-92194, and CGA-133205 as protectants of grain sorghum and of NA, R-29148, CGA-154281, and dichlormid as protectants of corn against injury from the chloroacetamide herbicide, SAN 582H, was evaluated under greenhouse conditions. SAN 582H applied alone reduced the shoot growth of ‘Funk G522DR’ and ‘Funk G623’ sorghum, but had no effect on the growth of the ‘GP-10’ genotype of sorghum. Corn (‘Northrup-King 9283’ hybrid) was considerably more tolerant than grain sorghum to SAN 582H. The rate of SAN 582H causing 50% reduction of corn shoot

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Stoilkova, Gergana, and Petranka Yonova. "Safeners for chlorsulfuron on maize (Zea mays L.)." Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods 2, no. 1 (2010): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-837x.2010.00047.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!