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Journal articles on the topic 'Saturation Problems'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Roberts, Barnaby. "Partite Saturation Problems." Journal of Graph Theory 85, no. 2 (2016): 429–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jgt.22071.

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2

Erdős, P., and P. Vértesi. "On certain saturation problems." Acta Mathematica Hungarica 53, no. 1-2 (1989): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02170070.

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3

Ferrara, Michael, Daniel Johnston, Sarah Loeb, et al. "On edge-colored saturation problems." Journal of Combinatorics 11, no. 4 (2020): 639–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/joc.2020.v11.n4.a4.

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4

Gavrilyuk, V. T., and A. I. Stepanets. "Problems of saturation of linear methods." Ukrainian Mathematical Journal 43, no. 3 (1991): 255–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01060833.

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5

Moshkovitz, Guy, and Asaf Shapira. "Exact bounds for some hypergraph saturation problems." Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series B 111 (March 2015): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jctb.2014.08.004.

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6

Hong, Jiuzu, and Linhui Shen. "Tensor invariants, saturation problems, and Dynkin automorphisms." Advances in Mathematics 285 (November 2015): 629–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aim.2015.08.015.

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7

Keszegh, Balázs, Nathan Lemons, Ryan R. Martin, Dömötör Pálvölgyi, and Balázs Patkós. "Induced and non-induced poset saturation problems." Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A 184 (November 2021): 105497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcta.2021.105497.

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8

Fulek, Radoslav, and Balázs Keszegh. "Saturation Problems about Forbidden 0-1 Submatrices." SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 35, no. 3 (2021): 1964–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/20m1376327.

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9

Kasztenny, B., and D. Finney. "Generator Protection and CT-Saturation Problems and Solutions." IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 41, no. 6 (2005): 1452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tia.2005.858298.

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10

Hamed Hassani, S., Nicolas Macris, and Ruediger Urbanke. "Threshold Saturation in Spatially Coupled Constraint Satisfaction Problems." Journal of Statistical Physics 150, no. 5 (2012): 807–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10955-012-0664-x.

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11

Algazin, S. D. "Numerical algorithm without saturation for solving nonstationary problems." Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics 82, no. 5 (2009): 956–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10891-009-0274-x.

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12

Cherenkov, A. P. "Knowledge Aspects of Resource Allocation Problems with Saturation." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 07, no. 02 (1997): 231–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194097000138.

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In this paper we consider some knowledge aspects which arise when investigating problems of optimal resource allocation with saturation. Among them we mention information state before resource allocation, utilization of lexicographical variables, space transformations, some principles used for finding solutions, finding quality form of solution on the basis of the necessary conditions of optimality, inner and outer parametrization, essential reduction of dimension of solved problems, reasons of solution non-uniqueness, utilization of continual problems for solution of analogous discrete problems. We shall try to show the mutual interplay between software engineering and knowledge engineering. Examples of problems solved with attraction of methods discussed in this paper exist in papers [1–10] and others.
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13

Takeuchi, Shingo. "Stationary profiles of degenerate problems with inhomogeneous saturation values." Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications 63, no. 5-7 (2005): e1009-e1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.na.2005.01.018.

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14

Rashwand, Saeed, Jelena Misic, and Hamzeh Khazaei. "IEEE 802.15.6 under saturation: Some problems to be expected." Journal of Communications and Networks 13, no. 2 (2011): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jcn.2011.6157413.

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15

Haines, Thomas J. "Equidimensionality of convolution morphisms and applications to saturation problems." Advances in Mathematics 207, no. 1 (2006): 297–327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aim.2005.11.014.

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16

SERNELIUS, BO E. "THE THERMAL CASIMIR EFFECT: SATURATION." International Journal of Modern Physics A 25, no. 11 (2010): 2319–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x10049591.

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This article addresses the discrepancies between theoretical and experimental results obtained for the thermal Casimir effect. Here we test the possibility that saturation effects may be the root of the problems. We present graphs that describe the numerical derivations in great detail.
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17

Chen, Yung Yue, Shyang Jye Chang, Sheng Chih Shen, and Yung Hsiang Chen. "Robust Estimation Design of a Class of Systems with Noise Coupling Input Saturation." Materials Science Forum 594 (August 2008): 494–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.594.494.

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An investigation about the robust estimation of a class of systems with noise coupling input saturation is presented in this study. In general, the existed estimation algorithm is based on the exactly known of the input saturation, but in fact, this is not always true in some practical cases because of the coupling of input saturations and input noises. For treating these kinds of coupling problems in the state estimations of systems, in this study, one fuzzy-based robust estimation algorithm is proposed. The proposed robust estimator includes two parts: firstly, a regression form fuzzy system that is adopted to approximate the unknown input saturation, and then, a robust estimator that combines the above fuzzy system by robust filter design concept for eliminating the effects of noises and modeling uncertainties is proposed. This combination of fuzzy approach and robust filtering technologies successfully offers one a more simple and practical method for treating the estimation problem of a class of systems that input saturations and input noises couple together.
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18

Della Pietra, Francesco, and Gianpaolo Piscitelli. "Saturation phenomena for some classes of nonlinear nonlocal eigenvalue problems." Rendiconti Lincei - Matematica e Applicazioni 31, no. 1 (2020): 131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4171/rlm/883.

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19

Herdman, Terry, Ruben D. Spies, and Karina G. Temperini. "Global Saturation of Regularization Methods for Inverse Ill-Posed Problems." Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications 148, no. 1 (2010): 164–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10957-010-9739-5.

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20

Westerdiep, Jan. "On p-Robust Saturation on Quadrangulations." Computational Methods in Applied Mathematics 20, no. 1 (2020): 169–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cmam-2018-0136.

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AbstractFor the Poisson problem in two dimensions, posed on a domain partitioned into axis-aligned rectangles with up to one hanging node per edge, we envision an efficient error reduction step in an instance-optimal hp-adaptive finite element method. Central to this is the problem: Which increase in local polynomial degree ensures p-robust contraction of the error in energy norm? We reduce this problem to a small number of saturation problems on the reference square, and provide strong numerical evidence for their solution.
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21

Sprunt, E. S., K. P. Desai, M. E. Coles, R. M. Davis, and E. L. Muegge. "CT-Scan-Monitored Electrical-Resistivity Measurements Show Problems Achieving Homogeneous Saturation." SPE Formation Evaluation 6, no. 02 (1991): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/21433-pa.

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22

Belkale, Prakash, and Shrawan Kumar. "Eigencone, saturation and Horn problems for symplectic and odd orthogonal groups." Journal of Algebraic Geometry 19, no. 2 (2010): 199–242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s1056-3911-09-00517-7.

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23

LLOYD, J. M., and G. G. L. MEYER. "METHODS OF MODELING CONSUMPTION SATURATION WITH UNCERTAINTY IN OPTIMAL STOCKPILE PROBLEMS." Natural Resource Modeling 28, no. 3 (2015): 256–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nrm.12068.

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24

Lei, Hui, Suil O, Yongtang Shi, Douglas B. West, and Xuding Zhu. "Extremal problems on saturation for the family ofk-edge-connected graphs." Discrete Applied Mathematics 260 (May 2019): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dam.2019.01.009.

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25

Carstensen, C., J. Gedicke, V. Mehrmann, and A. Międlar. "An adaptive finite element method with asymptotic saturation for eigenvalue problems." Numerische Mathematik 128, no. 4 (2014): 615–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00211-014-0624-2.

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26

Bayen, Térence, and Olivier Cots. "Tangency property and prior-saturation points in planar minimal time problems." IFAC-PapersOnLine 53, no. 2 (2020): 6887–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.349.

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27

Merrikh-Bayat, Farshad, and Mehdi Afshar. "Formulation of nonlinear control problems with actuator saturation as linear programs." European Journal of Control 61 (September 2021): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcon.2021.07.005.

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28

Palková, Adela, and Milan Palko. "Hydrothermal Problems of Wooden Windows." Advanced Materials Research 1057 (October 2014): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1057.68.

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The paper deals with the thermal moisture problems in the functional gap wooden window. The moisture transport through gap between casement and window frame at condensation temperature is the main cause of condensation of water vapour. The transport causes: air pressure differences (taking water vapour) – infiltration a exfiltration and diffusion of water vapour (different saturation of water vapour in exterior and indoor air). It analyzes the reasons for the formation of condensation in the functional gap. Experimental verification of the problem is made on a large climatic chamber for four typical samples. Computer simulations support the evaluation of the measurement results.
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29

Berg, Charles. "An effective medium algorithm for calculating water saturations at any salinity or frequency." GEOPHYSICS 72, no. 2 (2007): E59—E67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2432261.

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An algorithmic approach is used to mix the conductivities and geometric factors of the disperse components (the rock and hydrocarbon particles) with the host conductivity (formation water). The theoretical basis for the algorithm is the Hanai-Bruggeman (HB) equation, which itself incorporates only one disperse component. The new approach, the incremental model, accommodates geometric factors such as sand and shale porosity exponents, saturation exponent, and also accommodates the associated grain conductivities. Its advantage over previous methods is that it works at any water salinity or tool frequency while allowing saturation and porosity exponents to have values other than 1.5. The algorithm is general and is written to accommodate simultaneous mixing of up to three disperse components and the formation water, but it can be extended to accommodate any number of disperse components. In its application to shaley sands, hydrocarbon and sand elements are set to zero conductivity at low frequency, but they can be nonzero for calculating saturations at higher frequencies. The reason for this is that hydrocarbon and sand conductivities are real and very close to zero at low frequencies, but at high frequencies the dielectric constants become significant, making the complex conductivities nonzero. The incremental model compared well with the Waxman-Smits model on multiple water-conductivity saturation data from two published experimental data sets. The model is adaptable to other rock conductivity problems such as vuggy porosity, vuggy water saturation, and clay-coated sand grains. The potential exists for the algorithm to be part of a comprehensive computer program for calculating rock conductivities and saturations using many different combinations of rock fabrics and compositions.
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30

Hofmann, Bernd, and Robert Plato. "On ill-posedness concepts, stable solvability and saturation." Journal of Inverse and Ill-posed Problems 26, no. 2 (2018): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jiip-2017-0090.

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AbstractWe consider different concepts of well-posedness and ill-posedness and their relations for solving nonlinear and linear operator equations in Hilbert spaces. First, the concepts of Hadamard and Nashed are recalled which are appropriate for linear operator equations. For nonlinear operator equations, stable respective unstable solvability is considered, and the properties of local well-posedness and ill-posedness are investigated. Those two concepts consider stability in image space and solution space, respectively, and both seem to be appropriate concepts for nonlinear operators which are not onto and/or not, locally or globally, injective. Several example situations for nonlinear problems are considered, including the prominent autoconvolution problems and other quadratic equations in Hilbert spaces. It turns out that for linear operator equations, well-posedness and ill-posedness are global properties valid for all possible solutions, respectively. The special role of the nullspace is pointed out in this case. Finally, non-injectivity also causes differences in the saturation behavior of Tikhonov and Lavrentiev regularization of linear ill-posed equations. This is examined at the end of this study.
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31

Shimoya-Bittencourt, Walkiria, Carlos Alberto de Castro Pereira, Solange Diccini, and Ana Rita de Cássia Bettencourt. "Interference of nail polish on the peripheral oxygen saturation in patients with lung problems during exercise." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 20, no. 6 (2012): 1169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692012000600020.

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AIM: To assess the interference of nail polish on the reading of peripheral oxygen saturation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on the step exercise. METHODS: In this study, there was the inclusion of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, current non-smokers, of both sexes. Four different colours of nail polish were used in the present study (base, light pink, red and brown), randomly distributed among the fingers of the right hand, with the corresponding fingers on the opposite hand being controls. Saturation was measured at rest, with and without the polish, and also during the 4th, 5th and 6th minutes of the exercise programme. RESULTS: The experimental universe included 42 patients with ages of 62.9±8.7 years. In the exercise considered, the red colour reduced it in the fourth minute of the exercise (p=0.047). In contrast, the brown colour reduced saturation at rest and also during the course of exercise (p=0.01). CONCLUSION: In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the red and brown colours interfered with the reading of the peripheral oxygen saturation during exercise. This study is registered at the Brazilian Register of Clinical Trials (Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos) under No. RBR-9vc722.
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32

Plato, Robert. "Converse Results, Saturation and Quasi-optimality for Lavrentiev Regularization of Accretive Problems." SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis 55, no. 3 (2017): 1315–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/16m1089125.

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33

Mathé, Peter. "Saturation of Regularization Methods for Linear Ill-Posed Problems in Hilbert Spaces." SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis 42, no. 3 (2004): 968–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/s0036142903420947.

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34

Li, Y., W. Wei, and J. Xiang. "Consensus problems for linear time-invariant multi-agent systems with saturation constraints." IET Control Theory & Applications 5, no. 6 (2011): 823–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cta.2009.0299.

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35

Damásdi, Gábor, Balázs Keszegh, David Malec, Casey Tompkins, Zhiyu Wang, and Oscar Zamora. "Saturation problems in the Ramsey theory of graphs, posets and point sets." European Journal of Combinatorics 95 (June 2021): 103321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejc.2021.103321.

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36

Kyurkchiev, Nikolay V. "A new class of activation functions. Some related problems and applications." BIOMATH 9, no. 1 (2020): 2005033. http://dx.doi.org/10.11145/j.biomath.2020.05.033.

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The cumulative distribution function (cdf) of the discrete two--parameter bathtub hazard distribution has important role in the fields of population dynamics, reliability analysis and life testing experiments. Also of interest to the specialists is the task of approximating the Heaviside function by new (cdf) in Hausdorff sense. We define new activation function and family of new recurrence generated functions and study the ''saturation'' by these families. In this paper we analyze some intrinsic properties of the new Topp-Leone-G-Family with baseline ''deterministic-type'' (cdf) - (NTLG-DT). Some numerical examples with real data from Biostatistics, Population dynamics and Signal theory, illustrating our results are given. It is shown that the study of the two characteristics - "confidential curves" and ''super saturation'' is a must when choosing the right model. Some related problems are discussed, as an example to the Approximation Theory.
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37

Nelson, James. "Using conceptual depth criteria: addressing the challenge of reaching saturation in qualitative research." Qualitative Research 17, no. 5 (2016): 554–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468794116679873.

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Saturation remains a problematic concept within the field of qualitative research, particularly with regard to issues of definition and process. This article sets out some of the common problems with saturation and, with reference to one research study, assesses the value of adopting a range of ‘conceptual depth criteria’ to address problems of definition and process when seeking to establish saturation within a grounded theory approach. It is suggested that the criteria can act as a test to measure the progress of the theoretical sampling and thus ascertain the readiness of the research for the final analytical stages and theory building. Moreover, the application of ‘conceptual depth criteria’ provides the researcher with an evaluative framework and a tool for producing a structured evidence base to substantiate choices made during the theoretical sampling process.
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38

Li, Chang Feng. "A Characteristic Finite Difference Domain Decomposition Substructuring Method for Immiscible Displacement Problems in Three-Dimensional Porous Media." Advanced Materials Research 629 (December 2012): 915–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.629.915.

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Two-phase immiscible displacement in porous media is described by a coupled nonlinear system of an elliptic equation (for the pressure) and a parabolic equation (for the saturation). For the saturation changes much rapidly than the pressure, a more accurate solution (in both time and space) should be illustrated in practical numerica simulaiton for the former unknown. In this paper we present a seven-point central finite difference scheme to simulate the pressure and a characteristic finite difference combinng with domain decomposition method for the saturation equation. This method consists of reduced two-dimensional computation on the subdomain interface boundaries and fully implicit computation parallelly in subdomains. Aparallel algorithm is outlined and an error estimate in discrete norm is derived by introducing new inner products and norms. At the end of this paper, numerical experiments are presented in order to demonstrate theoretical results and the efficiency.
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39

Tang, Ke Dong, Zi Shuai Xu, and Guo Jun Wang. "The Strengthening Scheme Optimization of a Homogeneous Earth Dam." Applied Mechanics and Materials 204-208 (October 2012): 393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.204-208.393.

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There will be a variety of problems in the process of dam using. The common problem is that the saturation line is high. When the saturation line is too high, it will not only lead to the increase of downstream leakage, but it may also cause dam break and finally causing the loss of life and property. So we need to pay much attention to the saturation line of the dam. When the saturation line is too high, it should be noted and if necessary we should adopt the measures of strengthening. This paper through the comparison and selection of several schemes and finally to determine the reasonable reinforcement method.
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40

Wang, Rong Long, Zheng Tang, and Qi Ping Cao. "A Saturation Computation Method of Artificial Binary Neural Networks for Combinatorial Optimization Problems." IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 123, no. 2 (2003): 355–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.123.355.

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41

Ren, Xiaofeng, and Juncheng Wei. "Oval Shaped Droplet Solutions in the Saturation Process of Some Pattern Formation Problems." SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics 70, no. 4 (2009): 1120–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/080742361.

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42

Genna, Francesco, and Giancarlo Gioda. "An approach for undrained geotechnical problems accounting for the development of partial saturation." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21, no. 12 (1985): 2169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620211205.

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43

Mateos, Mariano, and Arnd Rösch. "On saturation effects in the Neumann boundary control of elliptic optimal control problems." PAMM 7, no. 1 (2007): 1060505–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.200700674.

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44

Mateos, Mariano, and Arnd Rösch. "On saturation effects in the Neumann boundary control of elliptic optimal control problems." Computational Optimization and Applications 49, no. 2 (2009): 359–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10589-009-9299-5.

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45

Neubauer, Andreas. "On Converse and Saturation Results for Tikhonov Regularization of Linear Ill-Posed Problems." SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis 34, no. 2 (1997): 517–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/s0036142993253928.

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46

Bayen, T., and O. Cots. "Tangency Property and Prior-Saturation Points in Minimal Time Problems in the Plane." Acta Applicandae Mathematicae 170, no. 1 (2020): 515–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10440-020-00344-8.

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47

Yan, Weichao, Fujing Sun, Jianmeng Sun, and Naser Golsanami. "Distribution Model of Fluid Components and Quantitative Calculation of Movable Oil in Inter-Salt Shale Using 2D NMR." Energies 14, no. 9 (2021): 2447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092447.

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Some inter-salt shale reservoirs have high oil saturations but the soluble salts in their complex lithology pose considerable challenges to their production. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been widely used in evaluating physical properties, fluid characteristics, and fluid saturation of conventional oil and gas reservoirs as well as common shale reservoirs. However, the fluid distribution analysis and fluid saturation calculations in inter-salt shale based on NMR results have not been investigated because of existing technical difficulties. Herein, to explore the fluid distribution patterns and movable oil saturation of the inter-salt shale, a specific experimental scheme was designed which is based on the joint adaptation of multi-state saturation, multi-temperature heating, and NMR measurements. This novel approach was applied to the inter-salt shale core samples from the Qianjiang Sag of the Jianghan Basin in China. The experiments were conducted using two sets of inter-salt shale samples, namely cylindrical and powder samples. Additionally, by comparing the one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR results of these samples in oil-saturated and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane-saturated states, the distributions of free movable oil and water were obtained. Meanwhile, the distributions of the free residual oil, adsorbed oil, and kerogen in the samples were obtained by comparing the 2D NMR T1-T2 maps of the original samples with the sample heated to five different temperatures of 80, 200, 350, 450, and 600 °C. This research puts forward a 2D NMR identification graph for fluid components in the inter-salt shale reservoirs. Our experimental scheme effectively solves the problems of fluid composition distribution and movable oil saturation calculation in the study area, which is of notable importance for subsequent exploration and production practices.
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48

Zakovych, M. "Problems of Religious Studies in Ukraine." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 4 (December 10, 1996): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/1996.4.72.

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Ukraine in our time is characterized by a high level of saturation by various educational institutions. Now there are 14 classical and 45 technical universities, 30 academies, 72 institutes and 740 other educational institutions of different levels of accreditation, which are in state ownership. At the same time, 90 higher private educational institutions were created, which were licensed by the Ministry of Education of Ukraine. Except for this, various religious churches and religious organizations reorder 50 religious educational institutions. About 5,000 future clerics and preachers learn about them. More than 4,000 Sunday Schools are organized in religious communities of different denominations, which are visited by almost 60 thousand children of the faithful. Education in Ukraine is based on democratic principles, the requirements of the Constitution and the current legislation.
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49

Yan, Maode, Ye Tang, Panpan Yang, and Lei Zuo. "Consensus Based Platoon Algorithm for Velocity-Measurement-Absent Vehicles with Actuator Saturation." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8023018.

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We investigate the vehicle platoon problems, where the actuator saturation and absent velocity measurement are taken into consideration. Firstly, a novel algorithm, where a smooth function is introduced to deal with the sharp corner of the input signals, is proposed for a group of vehicles with actuator saturation by using the consensus theory. Secondly, by applying an auxiliary system for the followers to estimate the velocities, a control strategy for the vehicle platoon with actuator saturation and absent velocity measurement is designed via the adaptive control approach. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
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50

Zhang, Qitao, Chenji Wei, Yuhe Wang, Shuyi Du, Yuanchun Zhou, and Hongqing Song. "Potential for Prediction of Water Saturation Distribution in Reservoirs Utilizing Machine Learning Methods." Energies 12, no. 19 (2019): 3597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12193597.

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Machine learning technology is becoming increasingly prevalent in the petroleum industry, especially for reservoir characterization and drilling problems. The aim of this study is to present an alternative way to predict water saturation distribution in reservoirs with a machine learning method. In this study, we utilized Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to build a prediction model for forecast of water saturation distribution. The dataset deriving from monitoring and simulating of an actual reservoir was utilized for model training and testing. The data model after training was validated and utilized to forecast water saturation distribution, pressure distribution and oil production. We also compared standard Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) which are popular machine learning methods with LSTM for better water saturation prediction. The results show that the LSTM method has a good performance on the water saturation prediction with overall AARD below 14.82%. Compared with other machine learning methods such as GRU and standard RNN, LSTM has better performance in calculation accuracy. This study presented an alternative way for quick and robust prediction of water saturation distribution in reservoir.
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