Academic literature on the topic 'Second segment climb'
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Journal articles on the topic "Second segment climb"
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Dancila, B. D., and R. M. Botez. "Vertical flight path segments sets for aircraft flight plan prediction and optimisation." Aeronautical Journal 122, no. 1255 (2018): 1371–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2018.67.
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ABSTRACTThe paper presents a method for constructing a set of vertical flight path segments, that would compose an aircraft's vertical flight envelope, by using an aircraft performance model. This method is intended to be used for aircraft flight plan prediction and optimisation algorithms. The goal is to reduce the volume of recurring segment performance computations currently required for flight plan prediction or optimisation. The method presented in this paper applies to a free-flight scenario. The flight-path segments composing the vertical flight envelope belong to one of the unrestricted climb, constant-speed level flight, step-climb and continuous descent segments, performed at the consigned climb, cruise and descent speed schedules and at the consigned air temperature values. The method employs an aircraft model using linear interpolation tables. Nine test scenarios were utilised to assess the performances of the resulting flight envelopes as a function of the number of cruise altitudes and descent flight paths. The set of evaluated performance parameters includes the range of total flight times and still-air flight distances, and the vertical profiles describing the minimum and maximum flight times, and still-air flight distances. The advantages of the proposed method are multiple. First, it eliminates the need for repetitive aircraft performance computations of identical vertical flight plan segments, and provides the means for quick retrieval of the corresponding performance data for use in the construction of a full flight plan. Second, the vertical flight path look-up structure and the vertical flight-path graph describe a set of vertical flight paths that consider an aircraft's and flight plan's configuration parameters and cover its maximum flight envelope. Third, the look-up structure and the graph provide the means for rapid and clear identification of the available options for constructing a flight-plan segment, as well as for detecting the points associated with changes in the flight phases, including climb, cruise, step-climb and descent.
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Kim, Hyun-Young, and Kyu-Won Sim. "Comparative study on national park visitation behavior of the MZ generation: Comparison of Old Millennials, Young Millennials, and Generation Z(2023)." Korea National Park Research Institute 14, no. 2 (2023): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54406/jnpr.2023.14.2.014.
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The purpose of this study is to segment the MZ generation (Old Millennial/Young Millennial/Generation Z), which will lead future national park visiting culture and trends, to compare differences in national park visiting behavior and identify the characteristics of each generation. The results are as follow. First, the Old Millennial generation has the highest rate of visiting mountain-type national parks, but compared to Young Millennials and Generation Z, they are a generation with a higher rate of visiting marine & coastal-type and urban-type national parks. Additionally, this generation visits national parks by car with a variety of companions( friends/colleagues/lover, family, mountain climbing clubs/clubs). They mainly engage in accommodation travel and summit climbing activities, and enjoy linked tourism such as visiting tourist attractions both before and after visiting the national park as well as before or after visiting the national park. Second, young millennials mainly visit mountain-type national parks with friends/colleagues/ lover or alone by car, and the highest proportion of visitors enjoy summit climbing on day trips and visit national parks only. However, compared to Generation Z and Old Millennials, this generation has the highest rate of visiting other tourist destinations before or after visiting a national park. This generation is mainly comprised of office workers with an income of more than 2 million won to less than 4 million won who visit for the purposes of recreation/rest/healing, experience of appreciating natural scenery/cultural assets, and promoting friendship. Lastly, Generation Z mainly visits mountainous national parks with friends/colleagues/lover using various means of transportation such as private car and public transportation, and mainly climb to the top as a day trip. However, among the MZ generation, they explore lowlands the most. They have a higher rate of only visiting national parks than linked tourism, and visit for the purposes of recreation/rest/healing, promoting friendship, and experience of appreciating natural scenery/cultural assets. This generation is mainly comprised of students with an income of less than 4 million won. Based on the research results, we aim to contribute to improving the satisfaction of MZ generation visitors in national parks.
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Aksoy, H., O. Usanmaz, and E. T. Turgut. "Effect of vertical profile inefficiency during descent on fuel burn, emissions and flight time." Aeronautical Journal 122, no. 1252 (2018): 913–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2018.41.
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ABSTRACTVertical profile inefficiency caused by low-level flight segments during arrival and departure operations has a great impact on the financial cost of operators as well as negative environmental effects. In this regard, continuous descent and climb operations for arrival and departure phases are mostly preferred as one of the methods that reduce or eliminate vertical profile inefficiencies. In this study, focus is put on the arrival phase and the purpose is: (i) to analyse the vertical profiles of arrival traffic at Mugla Milas-Bodrum Airport (BJV), Antalya Airport (AYT) and Ankara Esenboga Airport (ESB) and to characterise the level-offs that occur in the arrival phase and (ii) to quantify the potential time, fuel and emission savings in the event of a shift of inefficient low-level flight segments to the cruise segment of equal distance. For the purpose of this paper, real-time flight data is used for the analysis of the vertical profiles of flights. Flight parameters, such as latitude, longitude, altitude, speed and so on are used to determine, visualise and characterise level-off segments. The Boeing Fuel Flow Method 2 is used to calculate emissions at any altitude. Analyses of the results show that 80%, 74% and 69% of arrival traffic at BJV, AYT and ESB, respectively. were exposed to at least one level-off lasting longer than 20 seconds and significant potential for time, fuel and emissions savings exist for three airports.
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Cai, Minglei, Tedi Kujofsa, Xinkang Chen, Md Tanvirul Islam, and John E. Ayers. "Interaction Length for Dislocations in Compositionally-Graded Heterostructures." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 27, no. 03n04 (2018): 1840022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156418400220.
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Several simple models have been developed for the threading dislocation behavior in heteroepitaxial semiconductor materials. Tachikawa and Yamaguchi [Appl. Phys. Lett., 56, 484 (1990)] and Romanov et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett., 69, 3342 (1996)] described models for the annihilation and coalescence of threading dislocations in uniform-composition layers, and Kujofsa et al. [J. Electron. Mater., 41, 2993 (2013)] extended the annihilation and coalescence model to compositionally-graded and multilayered structures by including the misfit dislocation-threading dislocation interactions. However, an important limitation of these previous models is that they involve empirical parameters. The goal of this work is to develop a predictive model for annihilation and coalescence of threading dislocations which is based on the dislocation interaction length Lint. In the first case if only in-plane glide is considered the interaction length is equal to the length of misfit dislocation segments while in the second case glide and climb are considered and the interaction length is a function of the distance from the interface, the length of misfit dislocations, and the density of the misfit dislocations. In either case the interaction length may be calculated using a model for dislocation flow. Knowledge of the dislocation interaction length allows predictive calculations of the threading dislocation densities in metamorphic device structures and is of great practical importance. Here we demonstrate the latter model based on glide and climb. Future work should compare the two models to determine which is more relevant to typical device heterostructures.
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Pancieri, Marcos Vinícius Cataneo, Daniele Cristina Cataneo, Jair Cortez Montovani, and Antonio José Maria Cataneo. "Comparison between actual and predicted postoperative stair-climbing test, walk test and spirometric values in patients undergoing lung resection." Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 25, no. 6 (2010): 535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502010000600014.
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PURPOSE: To assess whether the tests - Forced Expiratory Volume at one second (FEV1), 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and stair-climbing test (SCT) showed proportional changes after the resection of functioning lung. METHODS: Candidates for pulmonary resection were included. Spirometry, 6MWT and SCT were performed preoperatively (pre) and at least 3 months after surgery (pos). SCT was performed on a staircase with a total ascent height of 12.16m. The time taken to climb the total height the fastest possible was defined as stair-climbing time (SCt). Number of functioning segments lost, was used to calculated predicted postoperative (ppo) tests values. Pre, ppo and pos values for each test were compared. Data were analyzed by repeated-measure ANOVA with significance level set at 5%. RESULTS: A total of 40 patients were enrolled. Pulmonary resection results ranged from gain of 2 functioning segments to loss of 9. Pre, ppo and pos values were the following: preFEV1 = 2.6±0.8L, ppo FEV1 =2.3±0.8L, and pos FEV1=2.3±0.8L, (pre FEV1 > ppo FEV1 = pos FEV1); pre6MWT = 604±63m, ppo6MWT= 529±103m, pos6MWT= 599±74m (pre6MWT = pos6MWT > ppo6MWT); preSCt = 32.9±7.6s, ppoSCt = 37.8±12.1s, posSCt = 33.7±8.5s (preSCt = posSCt < ppoSCt). CONCLUSION: In our group of patients, pulmonary resection led to loss of lung function measured by spirometry, but not to exercise capacity measured by stair-climbing and walk tests.
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Kelle, Ferreira Nunes, Barbosa de Barros Katia, Teixeira Leal de Vasconcelos Rhadyja, Judicleide de Lima Maria, and Matheus Martins de Lima Yago. "HANDROANTHUS IMPETIGINOSUS: GENERALIDADES E PROPRIEDADES FOTOQUÍMICAS." Revistaft 27, no. 122 (2023): 17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7920217.
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O <em>handroanthus impetiginosus </em>(Ipê Roxo) é uma árvore que pode se desenvolver aproximadamente até 12 metros, muito encontrada no cerrado e tendo um amplo aspecto de metabólitos secundários com aplicações clínicas, que podem proporcionar vários benefícios em quadros patológicos, desde que seu uso seja racional e acompanhado por profissionais habilitados, todavia sabemos que por se tratar de várias substâncias e dosagens variadas, se faz necessário compreender seus possíveis riscos e vantagens. Nesse segmento pode-se entender que a referida árvore apresenta atividades antioxidantes, antiviral, antibiótica, bactericida, cicatrizante, antifúngicas e antineoplásica, sendo assim vale salientar que seu manejo vai interferir diretamente em seus compostos, como a qualidade do solo, clima, localização e outros. Seus metabólitos se classificam como lapachol, menaquinona, naftoquinonas, tectoquinona e tabebuia, antraquinonas, saponinas esteroidais, tecomina, alcalóide, lapachol, alfa e beta-lapachona, através de chás e a parte da planta utilizada são as cascas por meio da decocção, já que estamos tratando de fragmentos mais rígidos e não moles/sensíveis como folhas.
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Yulasmana, Yoga. "ANALISIS PRESTASI TERBANG PESAWAT KONSEPTUAL PEMADAM KEBAKARAN WATRAFT-25." Jurnal : Industri Elektro dan Penerbangan 12, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.56244/indept.v12i1.596.
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Pesawat terbang merupakan salah satu transportasi paling efektif yang digunakan di Indonesia sebagai negara yang berpredikat negara kepulauan atau biasa dikenal Nusantara. Selain fungsi transportasi untuk manusia, pesawat juga memiliki fungsi lain yaitu sebagaipengangkut barang (kargo), alat evakuasi medis, patroli untuk suatu wilayah, dan bahkanpemadam kebakaran. Pada penelitian ini objek yang digunakan adalah pesawat konseptualWatraft-25 yang dirancang sebagai pesawat pemadam kebakaran dengan kapasitas angkutair sebanyak 7200 liter. Untuk mengetahui performa dari pesawat konseptual Watraft-25,maka diperlukan perhitungan dan analisis prestasi terbangnya. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk menganalisis prestasi terbang dari pesawat konseptual Watraft-25 saat fase climb,cruise, loiter, descent dan menentukan nilai second segment climb dan missed approachclimb dalam memenuhi aspek regulasi yang ada pada CASR (Civil Aviation SafetyRegulation) part 25. Bedasarkan hasil proses analisis tersebut, diketahui pada sea level totaltime to climb pesawat dari ketinggian sea level menuju 17000 feet membutuhkan waktu401,284 detik dengan climb angle sebesar 14.53˚ dan pesawat memenuhi regulasi CASRpart 25 pada fase second segment climb dengan persentase 2.45%. Selain itu range padaelevasi 17000 feet sebesar 562.87 nautical miles dengan endurance maksimum selama 3.1jam. Hasil perhitungan terbang belok diketahui dengan elevasi 2000 feet radius putarsebesar 1369.7 feet dengan waktu 62.4 detik untuk membuat satu putaran 360˚ dengankeliling lingkaran sebesar 8598.88 feet dan dengan sudut belok sebesar 23.32˚. Sementara pada fase descent diketahui time to descent dari ketinggian 17000 feet ke ketinggian 4000 feet selama 903.603 detik dengan descent angle sebesar 6.4˚ dan pesawat memenuhi aspekdari regulasi CASR 25 pada fase missed approach climb dengan persentase 5.9%.
 Kata kunci : Pesawat konseptual, Prestasi Terbang, Pesawat Pemadam Kebakaran.
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Ambuj, Srivastava, and Singh Narender. "Effect of Installation of Long Cylindrical External Store on Performance, Stability, Control and Handling Qualities of Light Transport Aircraft." March 1, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1124223.
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This paper presents the effect of installation of cylindrical external store on the performance, stability, control and handling qualities of light transport category aircraft. A pair of long cylindrical store was installed symmetrically on either side of the fuselage (port and starboard) ahead of the wing and below the fuselage bottom surface running below pilot and co-pilot window. The cylindrical store was installed as hanging from aircraft surface through specially designed brackets. The adjoining structure was sufficiently reinforced for bearing aerodynamic loads. The length to diameter ratio of long cylindrical store was ~20. Based on academic studies and flow simulation analysis, a considerable detrimental effect on single engine second segment climb performance was found which was later validated through extensive flight testing exercise. The methodology of progressive flight envelope opening was adopted. The certification was sought from Regional airworthiness authorities and for according approval.
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DeVol, Nathaniel, Christopher Saldana, and Katherine Fu. "Evaluating Image Classification Deep Convolutional Neural Network Architectures for Remaining Useful Life Estimation of Turbofan Engines." International Journal of Prognostics and Health Management 13, no. 2 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.36001/ijphm.2022.v13i2.3284.
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Accurate estimation of the remaining useful life (RUL) is a key component of condition-based maintenance (CBM) and prognosis and health management (PHM). Data-based models for the estimation of RUL are of particular interest because expert knowledge of systems is not always available, and physical modeling is often not feasible. Additionally, using data-based models, which make decisions based on raw sensor data, allow features to be learned instead of manually determined. In this work, deep convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures are investigated for their ability to estimate the RUL of turbofan engines. To improve the accuracy of the models, CNN architectures, which have proven successful in image classification, are implemented and tested. Specifically, the blocks used in the Visual Geometry Group (VGG) architecture, inception modules used in the GoogLeNet architecture, and residual blocks used in the ResNet architecture are incorporated. To account for varying flight lengths, the input to the models is a window of time series data collected from the engine under test. Window locations at the climb, cruise, and descent stages are considered. To further improve the RUL estimations, multiple overlapping windows at each location are used. This increases the amount of training data available and is found to increase the accuracy of the resulting RUL estimations by averaging the estimates from all overlapping segments. The model is trained and tested using the new Commercial Modular Aero-Propulsion System Simulation (N-CMAPSS) data set, and high prognosis accuracy was achieved. This work expands on the model developed and used in the 2021 PHM Society Data Challenge, which received second place.
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Chen, Xuyang, Xue Zhao, Mary Beatrix Jones, et al. "The relationship between hair metabolites, air pollution exposure and gestational diabetes mellitus: A longitudinal study from pre-conception to third trimester." Frontiers in Endocrinology 13 (December 2, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.1060309.
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BackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic condition defined as glucose intolerance with first presentation during pregnancy. Many studies suggest that environmental exposures, including air pollution, contribute to the pathogenesis of GDM. Although hair metabolite profiles have been shown to reflect pollution exposure, few studies have examined the link between environmental exposures, the maternal hair metabolome and GDM. The aim of this study was to investigate the longitudinal relationship (from pre-conception through to the third trimester) between air pollution exposure, the hair metabolome and GDM in a Chinese cohort.MethodsA total of 1020 women enrolled in the Complex Lipids in Mothers and Babies (CLIMB) birth cohort were included in our study. Metabolites from maternal hair segments collected pre-conception, and in the first, second, and third trimesters were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Maternal exposure to air pollution was estimated by two methods, namely proximal and land use regression (LUR) models, using air quality data from the air quality monitoring station nearest to the participant’s home. Logistic regression and mixed models were applied to investigate associations between the air pollution exposure data and the GDM associated metabolites.ResultsOf the 276 hair metabolites identified, the concentrations of fourteen were significantly different between GDM cases and non-GDM controls, including some amino acids and their derivatives, fatty acids, organic acids, and exogenous compounds. Three of the metabolites found in significantly lower concentrations in the hair of women with GDM (2-hydroxybutyric acid, citramalic acid, and myristic acid) were also negatively associated with daily average concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO and the exposure estimates of PM2.5 and NO2, and positively associated with O3.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that the maternal hair metabolome reflects the longitudinal metabolic changes that occur in response to environmental exposures and the development of GDM.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Second segment climb"
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"Takeoff Obstacle Clearance Procedures: The Feasibility of Extended Second Segment Climb." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.43949.
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abstract: To ensure safety is not precluded in the event of an engine failure, the FAA has
established climb gradient minimums enforced through Federal Regulations.
Furthermore, to ensure aircraft do not accidentally impact an obstacle on takeoff due to
insufficient climb performance, standard instrument departure procedures have their own
set of climb gradient minimums which are typically more than those set by Federal
Regulation. This inconsistency between climb gradient expectations creates an obstacle
clearance problem: while the aircraft has enough climb gradient in the engine inoperative
condition so that basic flight safety is not precluded, this climb gradient is often not
strong enough to overfly real obstacles; this implies that the pilot must abort the takeoff
flight path and reverse course back to the departure airport to perform an emergency
landing. One solution to this is to reduce the dispatch weight to ensure that the aircraft
retains enough climb performance in the engine inoperative condition, but this comes at
the cost of reduced per-flight profits.
An alternative solution to this problem is the extended second segment (E2S)
climb. Proposed by Bays & Halpin, they found that a C-130H gained additional obstacle
clearance performance through this simple operational change. A thorough investigation
into this technique was performed to see if this technique can be applied to commercial
aviation by using a model A320 and simulating multiple takeoff flight paths in either a
calm or constant wind condition. A comparison of takeoff flight profiles against real
world departure procedures shows that the E2S climb technique offers a clear obstacle
clearance advantage which a scheduled four-segment flight profile cannot provide.<br>Dissertation/Thesis<br>Masters Thesis Aerospace Engineering 2017
Conference papers on the topic "Second segment climb"
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Beard, John E., and Timothy T. Takahashi. "Revisiting Takeoff Obstacle Clearance Procedures: An Argument for Extended Second Segment Climb." In 17th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-3265.
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Tamilselvan, Gajapriya, Nurettin Dinler, and Stephen Belt. "Performance Vs. Workload Matrix of Primary Flight Training: Exploratory Study." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003166.
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Workload is a well-established metric to evaluate how pilots meet their task demands in flight. Workload is intertwined with human performance. Existing literature did not classify whether the pilots are overworked or underworked and how that relates to their inflight task demands and experience. Objective: To explore the relationships between performance and workload of pilots in a primary flight training environment. Method: In this exploratory study, we measured physical workload parameters by recording the flight control deflections of elevator and aileron and how they deviated from reference pitch and bank attitudes. We quantified flight performance by computing deviations between actual and desired altitude/heading parameters. Our study included a sample of twenty students and flight instructors from a Part 141 flight training school. Experimental stimuli for participants involved three instrument flight sessions in an Advanced Aviation Training Device (AATD) with ceiling and visibility set to unlimited, calm winds and light turbulent conditions. Participants were briefed to complete a preset flight pattern with seven segments twice per session. Flight segments were straight-and-level flight, level turns at a rate of 3 deg/s, a 500 ft/min climb and descent, and two airspeed changes. Spearman’s correlation tests were used to examine the relationships between performance and workload data between sessions. Results: Significant relationships between flight performance and physical workload parameters emerged from the data. Elevator workload was positively correlated with altitude performance across all flight sessions. There were positive relationships between elevator workload and heading performance during the first two sessions and no significant relationship in the last session. Aileron workload was inversely related to how much the pilots deviated from desired altitude performance. Aileron workload and heading performance were inversely related during the first and the last sessions, except for the second session. The research findings were limited in relation to generalizability to the population. Conclusion: This study’s results provide deeper insights into how pilots’ performance relates to physical workload parameters in a primary flight training setting. This study’s information elucidates the flight training community about skill development among Part 141 pilots and further provides a framework to develop evidence-based training strategies. Future research focuses on classifying the pilots’ performance and workload into high/medium/low categories, investigating the nature of relationships, developing interactions, and relating them to pilot demographics.