Academic literature on the topic 'Semantic structure of the word'

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Journal articles on the topic "Semantic structure of the word"

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Luo, Guanran, and Yunpeng Cui. "A Sememe Prediction Method Based on the Central Word of a Semantic Field." Electronics 13, no. 2 (2024): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13020413.

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A “sememe” is an indivisible minimal unit of meaning in linguistics. Manually annotating sememes in words requires a significant amount of time, so automated sememe prediction is often used to improve efficiency. Semantic fields serve as crucial mediators connecting the semantics between words. This paper proposes an unsupervised method for sememe prediction based on the common semantics between words and semantic fields. In comparison to methods based on word vectors, this approach demonstrates a superior ability to align the semantics of words and sememes. We construct various types of semantic fields through ChatGPT and design a semantic field selection strategy to adapt to different scenario requirements. Subsequently, following the order of word–sense–sememe, we decompose the process of calculating the semantic sememe similarity between semantic fields and target words. Finally, we select the word with the highest average semantic sememe similarity as the central word of the semantic field, using its semantic primes as the predicted result. On the BabelSememe dataset constructed based on the sememe knowledge base HowNet, the method of semantic field central word (SFCW) achieved the best results for both unstructured and structured sememe prediction tasks, demonstrating the effectiveness of this approach. Additionally, we conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses on the sememe structure of the central word.
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Evteeva, M. Yu. "THE SEMANTIC STRUCTURE OF THE WORD: POLYSEMY VS BROAD SEMANTIC WORD." Humanities And Social Studies In The Far East 18, no. 1 (2021): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31079/1992-2868-2021-18-1-28-36.

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The paper deals with the modeling of the semantic structure of polysemantic and broad semantic words. The article suggests determining meanings of polysemantic words as lexical-semantic variants that potentially can be united by means of the invariant meaning though not obligatory for the semantic structure of such words – the invariant meaning of a polysemantic word is seen as something artificial. I argue that it is possible to construct the semantic structure of the broad semantic word on the basis of prototypical meanings which are interpreted as basic meanings. Such prototypical meanings are to be united by the use of a broad invariant meaning. This approach is applied while describing the semantics of the nuclear verbs in the action field (do and make in English, tun and machen in German, делать in Russian). Both types of meanings play a critical role in organizing the semantic structure of the broad semantic words: there is a single invariant while there can be more than one prototype, so that an invariant and definite prototype value is realised in speech. In addition the existence of interdependence of semantic derivation between prototypes and within the meaning itself is assumed. There can be a lot of semantic transfers, but they occur based on a regular cognitive model such as cognitive metaphor and cognitive metonymy. For example, the prototypical meanings of the verbs to do and to make remain the same while the nature of the object changes. Based on the conducted research, a new definition of a broad semantic phenomenon is offered along with distinctive criteria for the phenomena of poly- and broad semantics.
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Abisheva, Klara M., Kamar K. Karimova, Aiman B. Nurgazina, Galiyabanu K. Rezuanova, and Bakhyt H. Galiyeva. "The structure of a polysemantic word in the cognitive-semantic aspect." XLinguae 16, no. 1 (2023): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2023.16.01.02.

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The article presents the results of the study of the semantic structure of the polysemantic word in the aspect of cognitive semantics. The study is based on the position of cognitive lexicology that "the semantics of a word is not limited only to a meaning; it is wider than the meaning". Therefore, the meaning of a word can be studied in the aspect of cognitive semantics. The cognitive-semantic aspect of studying the meanings of a polysemantic word implies its multilevel analysis, so the semantic structure of a polysemic word is studied not only from the outside, surface semantics but also from the inside, at the cognitive level of semantics. The study proposes a methodology of multilevel analysis of the structure of a polysemous word and also approves the methodology of its interdisciplinary study on the basis of the integral methodological paradigm involving the values and methods of different sciences (lexicology, cognitive semantics, pragmatics, cultural studies, associative linguistics). The aim of the study is to identify and describe the meanings of a polysemous word and its meanings in terms of different approaches to their research. In the article on the basis of the analysis of different meanings, the polysemous word is considered with also its meanings as denotative, figurative, pragmatic, connotative, and associative meanings of the word. The novelty of the research consists in the author's attempt to apply the cognitive-semantic approach to the analysis of the multivalued word structure. This approach differs from the linguistic and lexicological one, which considers polysemantic words as the nuclear meaning of the word and its lexical-semantic variant. In the course of the research, scientific results were obtained: 1. The disciplinary approach in the process of multilevel analysis of polysemantic words revealed new meanings and meanings of this phenomenon; 2. The role of the subject in the formation of meanings of a polysemous word was revealed; 3. The structure of the polysemantic word is described on the basis of taking into account the principle of conceptual unity of language and speech.
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Temirgazina, Zifa, та Olga Andryuchshenko. "Semantic and grammatical connections of the Old Turkic word аčïγ with the vocabulary of the Kazakh language". Turkic Studies Journal 7, № 2 (2025): 197–212. https://doi.org/10.32523/2664-5157-2025-2-197-212.

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The article examines the semantic connections of the Old Turkic word аčïγ, which is part of the main lexical fund of the language, with the words of the Kazakh language, genealogically ascending to the Old Turkic word. The lexeme ačïγ denotes a basic taste and is derived from the verb ačï- following a word-formation pattern with the suffix -g, which forms deverbal nouns. The reconstruction of the semantic structure of the polysemous Old Turkic word enables to conclude that it is largely preserved in the modern Turkic languages. This is confirmed by data from Kazakh language dictionaries. The analysis of the semantic structure of the word ačïγ, its comparison with the semantics of the verbal root from which it is derived in Old Turkic, as well as with the semantic structure of the lexeme ащы in Kazakh, has made it possible to identify a number of trends in the development of lexical and grammatical connections between polysemous words in Old Turkic and Kazakh. These include the expansion of direct meanings, the divergence of lexical-semantic variants of the polysemous Old Turkic word, and the emergence of homonyms in the modern Turkic language, such as Kazakh. A simplification of the semantic structure of lexemes etymologically related to the Old Turkic word is also observed, due to the aforementioned process of divergence in lexical-semantic variants, along with the simultaneous emergence of new meanings. An important role in the semantic development of the word ащы in the Kazakh language was played by the syncretism of Old Turkic deverbal words, which led to the differentiation of meanings between adjectives and nouns that were originally part of a single semantic structure of the Old Turkic lexeme. The analysis of the semantic structure of Old Turkic lexemes, as demonstrated by our study, reveals hidden and lost semantic connections in Kazakh words and reconstructs the logic behind the development of their meanings.
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Peng Ding, Peng Ding, Dan Liu Peng Ding, Zhiyuan Zhang Dan Liu, Jie Hu Zhiyuan Zhang, and Ning Liu Jie Hu. "A Novel Discrimination Structure for Assessing Text Semantic Similarity." 網際網路技術學刊 23, no. 4 (2022): 709–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/160792642022072304006.

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<p>Discrimination of semantic textual similarity refers to comparing the similarity between two or more entities (including words, short texts and documents) through certain strategies to obtain a specific quantitative similarity value. Traditional research put more experience into the similarity calculation of the original text content, using the matching degree or distance of characters or words as the yardstick to judge whether the text pairs are similar. However, there are still some problems to be solved in the following aspects: the key points of sentence meaning and word semantics, which play important role in the semantic expression of natural language, are not well integrated into the similarity discrimination, and the interactive features between texts are not fully utilized. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a novel discrimination structure based on the Siamese Network model and the idea of text matching. In this structure, we introduce sentence meaning key information and word semantic information to realize the extraction of word interaction feature information, and then we realize the text vector representation by using Siamese BiLSTM. The experimental results showed that the accuracy of the proposed model is higher than that of the basic models.</p> <p> </p>
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Derkevych, Nataliia. "DERIVATIVE VERBS – ACTIVE LEXICAL UNITS FOR THE CONNECTION OF THE TEXT." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 17(85) (2023): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2023-17(85)-45-48.

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The article analyzes the semantics of derivatives of verbs with an indefinite prefix ver- in a literary text, because the derivative word has the ability to display or describe a situation with the required degree of completeness, accuracy and detail. Derivatives in formal and semantic structure of text provide semantic compression, which lies in their ability to express semantics, commensurate with the value of syntactic units, as well as grammatical re-categorization of sign values, which provides for them new communicative functions. A derivative word, in comparison with simple, underived, introduces more information because of its motivation, because of presence in it of additional component that carries this information. The complex character of meaning of word-building units, semantic and functional correlation of most derivative words with the corresponding syntactic structures, predetermines the possibility and need for the use of secondary names. Continuous replenishment of vocabulary of a given language with derivative words serves as a very suitable material to study the ways of language functioning, its connection with the development of society. A particularly broad perspective opens the study of semantic structure in the context of a new derivative word, which can capture the direct act of word formation, as well as interpret the use of neologisms in it. Any text displays the sequence of nominative units, including derivative words. In the text, the word-forming unit receives an incentive to disclose its derivative possibilities, since the text is the environment in which the word is born, it is in it that it is possible to define the stages of the natural process of formation of derivatives. The property of the derivative verb by means of one token to convey information that is equivalent to the semantics of the syntactic construction, can become decisive in the content organization of the text.
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Pavlick, Ellie. "Semantic Structure in Deep Learning." Annual Review of Linguistics 8, no. 1 (2022): 447–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-031120-122924.

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Deep learning has recently come to dominate computational linguistics, leading to claims of human-level performance in a range of language processing tasks. Like much previous computational work, deep learning–based linguistic representations adhere to the distributional meaning-in-use hypothesis, deriving semantic representations from word co-occurrence statistics. However, current deep learning methods entail fundamentally new models of lexical and compositional meaning that are ripe for theoretical analysis. Whereas traditional distributional semantics models take a bottom-up approach in which sentence meaning is characterized by explicit composition functions applied to word meanings, new approaches take a top-down approach in which sentence representations are treated as primary and representations of words and syntax are viewed as emergent. This article summarizes our current understanding of how well such representations capture lexical semantics, world knowledge, and composition. The goal is to foster increased collaboration on testing the implications of such representations as general-purpose models of semantics.
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Аkhmedov, Oybek, and Malika Tilavova. "SEMANTIC STRUCTURE OF WORDS RELATED TO EDUCATION IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES." Ижтимоий-гуманитар фанларнинг долзарб муаммолари / Актуальные проблемы социально-гуманитарных наук / Actual Problems of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (2023): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47390/342v3i1y2023n5.

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The article is devoted to combinatorial semasiology, which is a description of the relationship between word semantics and its coherence. A word has a specific meaning to join with another word in which its cognate is already included, which is an important correct linguistic indicator of this meaning. The semantic structure of words related to education in English and Uzbek languages is discussed and reflected in examples. Also, the study of several methods of semanticizing words is carried out in this article.
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Yermolenko, S. "RECONSTRUCTION OF THE SEMANTIC STRUCTURE OF GERMANIC-BALTIC-SLAVIC WORD FAMILIES (INDO-EUROPEAN *BHLENDH-)." Comparative studies of Slavic languages and literatures. In memory of Academician Leonid Bulakhovsky, no. 36 (2020): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2075-437x.2020.36.03.

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Being a research within the framework of the genetical word family approach to the comparative-historic study of Indo-European lexis and semantics, the article focuses on the semantic structure of the historical-etymological word family of the Indo-European root *bhlendh- encompassing words of the Germanic, Baltic and Slavonic languages. Analyzing the evidence provided by the reflexes of this word family’s underlying etymon, the author reconsiders the reconstruction of its primitive meaning and, outlining principal directions of its further semantic development, gives an explanation to certain peculiarities of this development which up till now remained unaccounted for.
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Kostryba, Olha V. "COGNITIVE SEMANTICS OF NOUNS IN DENUMERATIVE WORD FORMATION (BASED ON UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE)." Alfred Nobel University Journal of Philology 1, no. 29 (2025): 328–48. https://doi.org/10.32342/3041-217x-2025-1-29-19.

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Revival of interest in the linguistic-cognitive interpretation of the deep level of language, as a means of facilitating the computerization of the semantic continuum of derived words, is driven by the schemati- zation of both implicit and explicit data concerning these words. The mental interpretation of word-forma- tive semantics, framed by the word-formative nest as a structured framework of knowledge, underscores the significance of this scientific inquiry. The goal of the work is to model natural language through the propositional semantics of derived words, which are expressions of semantic positions established according to the onomasiological criteri- on. The cognitive analysis of word-formation semantics is conducted using denumerative nouns, which are organized by the nesting principle into sixteen complex, system-forming units, each characterized by nu- merative vertices. The goal involves solving the following tasks: 1) to represent the semantic positions of derived nouns through the prism of frame organization; 2) to identify the cognitive structure of verbalized slots within subframes; 3) to establish the semantic content of propositional structures. In order to achieve the goal, the method of frame propositional-semantic modeling was applied in combination with the tool of interlevel interpretation. In the aspect of linguo-cognitology, word-forming nests are interpreted as structures organized with- in frames, which are used to verbalise the elements of the concept “QUANTITY”. Emphasis has shifted from analyzing the frame itself towards establishing the mental dimension of word-forming meaning, in accor- dance with the hirerarchy of frames. To mitigate mental-verbal dissonance, a verbalized slot within the frame structure of the word-form- ing nest has been established. This slot functions analogously to the “motivational sema” in motivation- al process. The propositional structure of nouns under investigation, which have a simple motivational base, is conceptualized as tripartite, consisting of “actant 1 – predicate – actant 2”. The right-sided propagator is designated as both primary and secondary based on the nonderivative's capacity to motivate the deriva- tive. Additionally, the linguistic affiliation of the motivator is also determined. For the first time, this study introduces a typology of specific derivative propositions, categorized according to the inherent situation- ality in derivative semantics. The propositional-semantic approach of the frame enables the identification of the disparity be- tween the semantics of the deep level (syntactic increments at the proposition level) and its surface layer with the lexical meaning and its mental modeling (semantic increments). As a result of investigation, frames are differentiated by the nature of heterogeneity in terms of their abil- ity to combine frame structures. It was found that the word-forming meanings of the analyzed nouns are char- acterized by the predominance of nouns of numerative and adjectival origin, based on the categorical feature. The cognitive content of the verbalized slots is represented by common and distinct (unique) topics. The unique cognitive theme of verbalized slots prevails, in particular, it refers to unique secondary mental themes within subframes with the indirect derivation of derived knowledge from the base, represented by a frame with quantitative-numerical notation. Therefore, the result of the study are modeled schemes of the semantics of numerical derivatives, which serve as a basis for their digitization, which will contribute to the improvement of machine transla- tion using the Ukrainian language, because situational implicite meanings often do not lend to verbaliza- tion due to the lacunarity of information data in the computer databases. The prospects of the research involve the cognitive structuring through the prism of semantic posi- tions of multilingual derivatives in numeral word formation and units motivated by other peripheral and core classes of derivates, at the word-formational level in the Ukrainian language. Additionally, it encom- passes the derivational systems of languages worldwide, excluding isolating ones.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Semantic structure of the word"

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Tsiplakou, Stavroula. "Focus in Greek : its structure and interpretation." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313433.

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Karmakar, Saurav. "Syntactic and Semantic Analysis and Visualization of Unstructured English Texts." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cs_diss/61.

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People have complex thoughts, and they often express their thoughts with complex sentences using natural languages. This complexity may facilitate efficient communications among the audience with the same knowledge base. But on the other hand, for a different or new audience this composition becomes cumbersome to understand and analyze. Analysis of such compositions using syntactic or semantic measures is a challenging job and defines the base step for natural language processing. In this dissertation I explore and propose a number of new techniques to analyze and visualize the syntactic and semantic patterns of unstructured English texts. The syntactic analysis is done through a proposed visualization technique which categorizes and compares different English compositions based on their different reading complexity metrics. For the semantic analysis I use Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) to analyze the hidden patterns in complex compositions. I have used this technique to analyze comments from a social visualization web site for detecting the irrelevant ones (e.g., spam). The patterns of collaborations are also studied through statistical analysis. Word sense disambiguation is used to figure out the correct sense of a word in a sentence or composition. Using textual similarity measure, based on the different word similarity measures and word sense disambiguation on collaborative text snippets from social collaborative environment, reveals a direction to untie the knots of complex hidden patterns of collaboration.
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Morbiato, Anna. "Word order and sentence structure in Mandarin Chinese: new perspectives." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10278/3716543.

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Word order (WO) is one of the most fascinating and investigated topics in Mandarin Chinese (MC) linguistics, and many accounts have been proposed on different WO patterns and constructions. However, despite the large amount of research, several WO related issues remain rather controversial. Crucially, no unified consensus exists on the relationship between WO and the different dimensions of the language (i.e. semantics, syntax and pragmatics), and on how these levels interact with each other. The present thesis’s aim is twofold: (1) identify the categories that are useful to account for WO patterns and variations in MC; (2) examine in greater depth the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic factors that influence word order in MC, as well as how they interact and impose constraints on possible WO variations. The novelty of the approach lies on three aspects: (i) a typological, comparative perspective that benefits from cross-linguistic investigation of WO phenomena in other languages; (ii) a bottom up approach that employs cross-linguistically validated typological tools (e.g., GR tests, or constituenthood tests) aimed at conducting the analysis on a language-internal basis, and (iii) an empirical approach: the analysis avails itself of natural linguistic data, mainly drawn from corpora, and relies on acceptability checks with native speakers. Overall, the thesis highlights that WO patterns and constructions are determined by the interplay of different factors and constraints. It also highlights that, for the sake of clarity and ambiguity avoidance, WO constraints are hierarchically organized, and WO freezing phenomena occur to allow disambiguation of participants in the described event.
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Koivisto-Alanko, Päivi. "Abstract words in abstract worlds : directionality and prototypical structure in the semantic change in English nouns of cognition /." Helsinki : Société néophilologique, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb392874530.

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Romeo, Lauren Michele. "The Structure of the lexicon in the task of the automatic acquisition of lexical information." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/325420.

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La información de clase semántica de los nombres es fundamental para una amplia variedad de tareas del procesamiento del lenguaje natural (PLN), como la traducción automática, la discriminación de referentes en tareas como la detección y el seguimiento de eventos, la búsqueda de respuestas, el reconocimiento y la clasificación de nombres de entidades, la construcción y ampliación automática de ontologías, la inferencia textual, etc. Una aproximación para resolver la construcción y el mantenimiento de los léxicos de gran cobertura que alimentan los sistemas de PNL, una tarea muy costosa y lenta, es la adquisición automática de información léxica, que consiste en la inducción de una clase semántica relacionada con una palabra en concreto a partir de datos de su distribución obtenidos de un corpus. Precisamente, por esta razón, se espera que la investigación actual sobre los métodos para la producción automática de léxicos de alta calidad, con gran cantidad de información y con anotación de clase como el trabajo que aquí presentamos, tenga un gran impacto en el rendimiento de la mayoría de las aplicaciones de PNL. En esta tesis, tratamos la adquisición automática de información léxica como un problema de clasificación. Con este propósito, adoptamos métodos de aprendizaje automático para generar un modelo que represente los datos de distribución vectorial que, basados en ejemplos conocidos, permitan hacer predicciones de otras palabras desconocidas. Las principales preguntas de investigación que planteamos en esta tesis son: (i) si los datos de corpus proporcionan suficiente información para construir representaciones de palabras de forma eficiente y que resulten en decisiones de clasificación precisas y sólidas, y (ii) si la adquisición automática puede gestionar, también, los nombres polisémicos. Para hacer frente a estos problemas, realizamos una serie de validaciones empíricas sobre nombres en inglés. Nuestros resultados confirman que la información obtenida a partir de la distribución de los datos de corpus es suficiente para adquirir automáticamente clases semánticas, como lo demuestra un valor-F global promedio de 0,80 aproximadamente utilizando varios modelos de recuento de contextos y en datos de corpus de distintos tamaños. No obstante, tanto el estado de la cuestión como los experimentos que realizamos destacaron una serie de retos para este tipo de modelos, que son reducir la escasez de datos del vector y dar cuenta de la polisemia nominal en las representaciones distribucionales de las palabras. En este contexto, los modelos de word embedding (WE) mantienen la “semántica” subyacente en las ocurrencias de un nombre en los datos de corpus asignándole un vector. Con esta elección, hemos sido capaces de superar el problema de la escasez de datos, como lo demuestra un valor-F general promedio de 0,91 para las clases semánticas de nombres de sentido único, a través de una combinación de la reducción de la dimensionalidad y de números reales. Además, las representaciones de WE obtuvieron un rendimiento superior en la gestión de las ocurrencias asimétricas de cada sentido de los nombres de tipo complejo polisémicos regulares en datos de corpus. Como resultado, hemos podido clasificar directamente esos nombres en su propia clase semántica con un valor-F global promedio de 0,85. La principal aportación de esta tesis consiste en una validación empírica de diferentes representaciones de distribución utilizadas para la clasificación semántica de nombres junto con una posterior expansión del trabajo anterior, lo que se traduce en recursos léxicos y conjuntos de datos innovadores que están disponibles de forma gratuita para su descarga y uso.<br>La información de clase semántica de los nombres es fundamental para una amplia variedad de tareas del procesamiento del lenguaje natural (PLN), como la traducción automática, la discriminación de referentes en tareas como la detección y el seguimiento de eventos, la búsqueda de respuestas, el reconocimiento y la clasificación de nombres de entidades, la construcción y ampliación automática de ontologías, la inferencia textual, etc. Una aproximación para resolver la construcción y el mantenimiento de los léxicos de gran cobertura que alimentan los sistemas de PNL, una tarea muy costosa y lenta, es la adquisición automática de información léxica, que consiste en la inducción de una clase semántica relacionada con una palabra en concreto a partir de datos de su distribución obtenidos de un corpus. Precisamente, por esta razón, se espera que la investigación actual sobre los métodos para la producción automática de léxicos de alta calidad, con gran cantidad de información y con anotación de clase como el trabajo que aquí presentamos, tenga un gran impacto en el rendimiento de la mayoría de las aplicaciones de PNL. En esta tesis, tratamos la adquisición automática de información léxica como un problema de clasificación. Con este propósito, adoptamos métodos de aprendizaje automático para generar un modelo que represente los datos de distribución vectorial que, basados en ejemplos conocidos, permitan hacer predicciones de otras palabras desconocidas. Las principales preguntas de investigación que planteamos en esta tesis son: (i) si los datos de corpus proporcionan suficiente información para construir representaciones de palabras de forma eficiente y que resulten en decisiones de clasificación precisas y sólidas, y (ii) si la adquisición automática puede gestionar, también, los nombres polisémicos. Para hacer frente a estos problemas, realizamos una serie de validaciones empíricas sobre nombres en inglés. Nuestros resultados confirman que la información obtenida a partir de la distribución de los datos de corpus es suficiente para adquirir automáticamente clases semánticas, como lo demuestra un valor-F global promedio de 0,80 aproximadamente utilizando varios modelos de recuento de contextos y en datos de corpus de distintos tamaños. No obstante, tanto el estado de la cuestión como los experimentos que realizamos destacaron una serie de retos para este tipo de modelos, que son reducir la escasez de datos del vector y dar cuenta de la polisemia nominal en las representaciones distribucionales de las palabras. En este contexto, los modelos de word embedding (WE) mantienen la “semántica” subyacente en las ocurrencias de un nombre en los datos de corpus asignándole un vector. Con esta elección, hemos sido capaces de superar el problema de la escasez de datos, como lo demuestra un valor-F general promedio de 0,91 para las clases semánticas de nombres de sentido único, a través de una combinación de la reducción de la dimensionalidad y de números reales. Además, las representaciones de WE obtuvieron un rendimiento superior en la gestión de las ocurrencias asimétricas de cada sentido de los nombres de tipo complejo polisémicos regulares en datos de corpus. Como resultado, hemos podido clasificar directamente esos nombres en su propia clase semántica con un valor-F global promedio de 0,85. La principal aportación de esta tesis consiste en una validación empírica de diferentes representaciones de distribución utilizadas para la clasificación semántica de nombres junto con una posterior expansión del trabajo anterior, lo que se traduce en recursos léxicos y conjuntos de datos innovadores que están disponibles de forma gratuita para su descarga y uso.<br>Lexical semantic class information for nouns is critical for a broad variety of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks including, but not limited to, machine translation, discrimination of referents in tasks such as event detection and tracking, question answering, named entity recognition and classification, automatic construction and extension of ontologies, textual inference, etc. One approach to solve the costly and time-consuming manual construction and maintenance of large-coverage lexica to feed NLP systems is the Automatic Acquisition of Lexical Information, which involves the induction of a semantic class related to a particular word from distributional data gathered within a corpus. This is precisely why current research on methods for the automatic production of high- quality information-rich class-annotated lexica, such as the work presented here, is expected to have a high impact on the performance of most NLP applications. In this thesis, we address the automatic acquisition of lexical information as a classification problem. For this reason, we adopt machine learning methods to generate a model representing vectorial distributional data which, grounded on known examples, allows for the predictions of other unknown words. The main research questions we investigate in this thesis are: (i) whether corpus data provides sufficient distributional information to build efficient word representations that result in accurate and robust classification decisions and (ii) whether automatic acquisition can handle also polysemous nouns. To tackle these problems, we conducted a number of empirical validations on English nouns. Our results confirmed that the distributional information obtained from corpus data is indeed sufficient to automatically acquire lexical semantic classes, demonstrated by an average overall F1-Score of almost 0.80 using diverse count-context models and on different sized corpus data. Nonetheless, both the State of the Art and the experiments we conducted highlighted a number of challenges of this type of model such as reducing vector sparsity and accounting for nominal polysemy in distributional word representations. In this context, Word Embeddings (WE) models maintain the “semantics” underlying the occurrences of a noun in corpus data by mapping it to a feature vector. With this choice, we were able to overcome the sparse data problem, demonstrated by an average overall F1-Score of 0.91 for single-sense lexical semantic noun classes, through a combination of reduced dimensionality and “real” numbers. In addition, the WE representations obtained a higher performance in handling the asymmetrical occurrences of each sense of regular polysemous complex-type nouns in corpus data. As a result, we were able to directly classify such nouns into their own lexical-semantic class with an average overall F1-Score of 0.85. The main contribution of this dissertation consists of an empirical validation of different distributional representations used for nominal lexical semantic classification along with a subsequent expansion of previous work, which results in novel lexical resources and data sets that have been made freely available for download and use.
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Shebani, Zubaida Soliman. "Semantic word category processing." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610751.

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Isheden, Gabriel. "Diagnostics of Semantic Word Spaces." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-142614.

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In collaboration with Gavagai, a company that develops automated and scalable methods for retrieving actionable intelligence from dynamic data, I have been studying semantic word spaces and topology. In this bachelor’s thesis, with help from computational topology, I introduce new ways to describe properties of these semantic word spaces, so called barcodes. I develop a measure to describe barcodes of betti number zero, prove its validity and discuss its implications.
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Westum, Asbjörg. "Ris, skäver och skärva : Folklig kategorisering av några barnsjukdomar ur ett kognitivt semantiskt perspektiv." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Litteraturvetenskap och nordiska språk, 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-51634.

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In Swedish dialects we find the terms ris,skäver and skärva referring to illnesses in children. The words are also parts of various compounds which refer to variants of the illnesses. The terms are linguistic expressions denoting two folk categories of illnesses, RIS and SKÄVER/SKÄRVA. These categories are investigated from a cognitive semantic perspective. The cognitive perspective argues that we organize our understanding of reality by using Idealized Cognitive Models (ICM) based on our physical, mental and emotional experiences of the world. The aim is twofold: to demonstrate the bases on which an experienced illness is placed in a certain category, and to show how a folk conception of illness is reflected in the word formation strategies. The word formation strategies emanate from notions of characteristic symptoms, and from notions of causes of illnesses. Both categories, RIS and SKÄVER/SKÄRVA, are based on a number of ICM's. The category RIS is a radial structure, which means that the category is held together although its members have no structural criteria in common. The category SKÄVER/SKÄRVA is a concentrating structure, meaning that all members share all structural criteria. There is a strong connection between word formation strategies and the structures of the categories. Terms related to symptoms refer to members of a category which are part of a radial structure, while terms related to causes refer to members of a category which are part of a concentrating structure. This can be explained by two of the basic assumptions of cognitive semantics: semantic content is structred and symbolized overtly on the surface form of a language and categories are conventional, based on cultural assumptions about the world.<br>digitalisering@umu
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Fu, Hao. "Semantic image understanding : from pixel to word." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12847/.

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The aim of semantic image understanding is to reveal the semantic meaning behind the image pixel. This thesis investigates problems related to semantic image understanding, and have made the following contributions. Our first contribution is to propose the usage of histogram matching in Multiple Kernel Learning. We treat the two-dimensional kernel matrix as an image and transfer the histogram matching algorithm in image processing to kernel matrix. Experiments on various computer vision and machine learning datasets have shown that our method can always boost the performance of state of the art MKL methods. Our second contribution is to advocate the segment-then-recognize strategy in pixel-level semantic image understanding. We have developed a new framework which tries to integrate semantic segmentation with low-level segmentation for proposing object consistent regions. We have also developed a novel method trying to integrate semantic segmentation with interactive segmentation. We found this segment-then-recognize strategy also works well on medical image data, where we designed a novel polar space random field model for proposing gland-like regions. In the realm of image-level semantic image understanding, our contribution is a novel way to utilize the random forest. Most of the previous works utilizing random forest store the posterior probabilities at each leaf node, and each random tree in the random forest is considered to be independent from each other. In contrast, we store the training samples instead of the posterior probabilities at each leaf node. We consider the random forest as a whole and propose the concept of semantic nearest neighbor and semantic similarity measure. Based on these two concepts, we devise novel methods for image annotation and image retrieval tasks.
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Rabovsky, Milena. "Semantic richness effects in visual word processing." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17073.

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Lesen zielt darauf ab, Bedeutung aus geschriebenem Text zu extrahieren. Interessanterweise unterscheiden sich Wörter beträchtlich hinsichtlich der Menge mit ihnen assoziierter Bedeutung, und es wurde kürzlich gezeigt, dass eine hohe Bedeutungshaltigkeit lexikalische und semantische Aufgaben erleichtert. Die vorliegende Dissertation kombiniert ereigniskorrelierte Potentiale (EKPs) und konnektionistische Modellierung, um einige offene Fragen zur Rolle der Bedeutungshaltigkeit bei der Wortverarbeitung anzugehen. Hierbei wurden EKPs verwendet, um den Zeitverlauf unabhängiger Einflüsse der Anzahl semantischer Merkmale und Assoziationen beim Wortlesen zu bestimmen sowie Einflüsse von Bedeutungshaltigkeit auf implizites Wortlernen zu untersuchen. Um die zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen besser zu verstehen, wurden die Ergebnisse anschließend mittels eines semantischen Netzwerk-Modells simuliert. Es zeigten sich keine Einflüsse der Anzahl der Assoziationen, aber eine schnelle Aktivierung semantischer Merkmale, die das EKP bereits ab 190 ms beeinflussten - nur 20 bis 30 ms nach und zeitlich überlappend mit der Aktivierung orthographischer Repräsentationen, die durch N1-Lexikalitätseffekte angezeigt wurden. Im weiteren Verlauf ging eine hohe Merkmalsanzahl mit größeren N400-Amplituden einher. Zudem verstärkten semantische Merkmale Wiederholungseinflüsse auf die Akkuratheit lexikalischer Entscheidungen und N400-Amplituden, was einen ersten Hinweis auf Einflüsse von Bedeutungshaltigkeit auf implizites Wortlernen darstellt. Diese Ergebnisse stehen im Einklang mit merkmalsbasierten semantischen Netzwerk-Modellen. Simulationen legen nahe, dass semantische Aktivierung lexikalische Entscheidungen erleichtert, während Netzwerk-Fehler in engem Zusammenhang mit N400-Amplituden stehen. Da Netzwerk-Fehler psychologisch als implizite Vorhersagefehler interpretiert werden, deuten diese Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass N400-Amplituden implizite Vorhersagefehler im semantischen System widerspiegeln.<br>Language ultimately aims to convey meaning. Importantly, the amount of associated semantic information varies considerably between words. Recent evidence suggests that the richness of semantic representations facilitates performance in lexical and semantic tasks, but much remains to be learned about semantic richness effects. The present dissertation combined event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and connectionist modeling to address several unresolved issues concerning the role of semantic richness in word processing. Specifically, ERPs were employed to investigate the time course of independent influences of the number of semantic features and associates during word reading (study 1) and influences of semantic richness on implicit word learning (study 2). Aiming at advancing a mechanistic understanding of the obtained results, both studies were subsequently simulated using a network model of semantic cognition (study 3). Results showed no influences of the number of associates, but fast access to semantic features, with influences of feature-based semantic richness starting at about 190 ms - a mere 20 to 30 ms after and temporally overlapping with the activation of orthographic representations as reflected by N1 lexicality effects. Later on, a high number of semantic features induced larger N400 amplitudes. Furthermore, the number of semantic features enhanced repetition priming effects on lexical decision accuracy and N400 amplitudes, providing initial evidence for influences of semantic richness on implicit word learning. These results are in line with feature-based network models of semantic cognition. Simulations with such a model suggest that semantic activation can facilitate lexical decisions, while network error closely corresponds to N400 amplitudes. In psychological terms, network error has been conceptualized as implicit prediction error. Thus, these results are taken to suggest that N400 amplitudes reflect implicit prediction error in semantic memory.
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Books on the topic "Semantic structure of the word"

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undifferentiated, Allan Ramsay. The logical structure of English: Computing semantic content. Pitman, 1990.

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Frappier, Rhonda M. Semantic structure and partial word presentation differentially affects immediate and delayed recollection. Laurentian University, Department of Psychology, 1994.

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Lipka, Leonhard. An outline of English lexicology: Lexical structure, word semantics, and word-formation. Niemeyer, 1990.

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William, Empson. The structure of complex words. Penguin, 1995.

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William, Empson. The structure of complex words. Harvard University Press, 1989.

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Brugman, Claudia Marlea. The story of over: Polysemy, semantics, and the structure of the lexicon. Garland, 1988.

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Choi, Hye-Won. Optimizing structure in context: Scrambling and information structure. CSLI Publications, 1999.

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Koivisto-Alanko, Päivi. abstract words Abstract words in abstract worlds: Directionality and prototypical structure in the semantic change in English nouns of cognition. Société Néophilologique, 2000.

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Bañcamin, Ḍi. Derrida's concept of word and meaning: A critical analysis with special reference to the semantic theories of Saussure, Ānandavardhanācārya and A.R. Rajarajavarma. International School of Dravidian Linguistics, 2018.

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Ramsay, Allan. The semantic structure of noun phrases. University of Sussex School of Cognitive Sciences, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Semantic structure of the word"

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Ward, Gregory, and Betty J. Birner. "12. Discourse effects of word order variation." In Semantics - Sentence and Information Structure, edited by Paul Portner, Claudia Maienborn, and Klaus von Heusinger. De Gruyter, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110589863-012.

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Jagoda, Jakub, and Tomasz Boiński. "Assessing Word Difficulty for Quiz-Like Game." In Semantic Keyword-Based Search on Structured Data Sources. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74497-1_7.

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Nayak, Gopa, and Navreet Kaur Rana. "7. ‘Aboutness’ and semantic knowledge." In Digital Humanities in the India Rim. Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0423.07.

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This essay establishes the use of computational methods to study the semantics of a historical corpus compiled from the ancient Indian text of Yajnavalkya Smriti. Although the use of corpora has been extended to the study of computational semantics, in addition to grammar usage and patterns of language, they have mostly been limited to word-sense disambiguation, structural disambiguation or analysing a semantic space in terms of calculating semantic distances and determining relations between words within a corpus. This study adopts the use of computational semantics on ‘aboutness’ and ‘knowledge-free analysis’ within a limited aspect of ‘aboutness’ based on the methodology of Philips (1985). The text-only corpus of this study comprises 36,000 words of verses of the Yajnavalkya Smriti text translated by Vidyarnava (1918; 2010) from the original Sanskrit to English. In this study, ‘aboutness’ and ‘knowledge-free analysis’ aim to find the semantics of collocations and bring out bias-free information on the inheritance rights and the status of women in ancient India as described in the text. The application of the ubiquitous yet rarely applied concept of ‘aboutness’ is used to derive semantics in an unprecedented manner from an ancient historical text.This research on ‘aboutness’, which has seldom been used in computational semantics (Yablo, 2014), opens up avenues for further research on corpus analysis for extracting semantic knowledge from ancient texts to minimise knowledge bias.
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Rojas Garcia, Juan. "Chapter 10. Semantic annotation of named rivers and its application for the prediction of multiword-term bracketing." In Current Issues in Linguistic Theory. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.366.10roj.

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The acquisition of knowledge is essential for specialized translation, hence the representation of specialized phraseology in terminological knowledge bases is part of this process. The aim of this study was thus two-fold. Firstly, it describes how the semantic annotation of predicate-argument structure of sentences mentioning named rivers can be addressed from the perspective of Frame-based Terminology. The results showed that this approach provides valuable insights into the knowledge structures underlying the usage of named rivers in specialized texts. Secondly, this study explores whether the bracketing of a three-component multi-word term can be predicted from the semantic information encoded in the sentence where the ternary compound and a named river are used as arguments. The semantic annotations permitted construction of two machine-learning models capable of accurately predicting ternary-compound bracketing.
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Ascencion Arevalo, Kiara M., Christoph Neunsinger, Roland Zimmermann, Ralph Blum, and Kendra Weakly. "HOLY: An Ontology Covering the Hydrogen Market." In The Semantic Web – ISWC 2023. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47243-5_1.

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AbstractThis paper presents the Hydrogen Ontology (HOLY), a domain ontology modeling the complex and dynamic structures of hydrogen-based markets. The hydrogen economy has become a politically and economically crucial sector for the transition to renewable energy, accelerating technological and socio-economic innovations. However, the attainment of market insights requires a large variety of informational concepts which are predominantly found in unstructured text data. HOLY provides the necessary structure for the representation of these concepts. Through a top-down approach, HOLY defines taxonomies based on a hierarchical structure of products and applications. In addition, to ensure reusability, the ontology incorporates components from established ontologies in its structure. As a result, HOLY consists of over 100 classes defining information about organizations, projects, components, products, applications, markets, and indicators. Hence, our work contributes to the systemic modeling of the hydrogen domain with a focus on its value chain. Formally, we represent and validate the ontology with Semantic Web Technologies. HOLY includes lexical-semantic information (e.g., synonyms, hyponyms, definitions, and examples) to simplify data integration into knowledge acquisition systems. Therefore, we provide a foundation for the retrieval, storage, and delivery of market insights. A first application based on HOLY at the Fraunhofer IIS offers an up-to-date market overview of developments in the fuel cell environment.
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Miao, Guoyi, Jinan Xu, Yancui Li, Shaotong Li, and Yufeng Chen. "An Unknown Word Processing Method in NMT by Integrating Syntactic Structure and Semantic Concept." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7134-8_5.

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Bigerl, Alexander, Lixi Conrads, Charlotte Behning, Muhammad Saleem, and Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo. "Hashing the Hypertrie: Space- and Time-Efficient Indexing for SPARQL in Tensors." In The Semantic Web – ISWC 2022. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19433-7_4.

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AbstractTime-efficient solutions for querying RDF knowledge graphs depend on indexing structures with low response times to answer SPARQL queries rapidly. Hypertries—an indexing structure we recently developed for tensor-based triple stores—have achieved significant runtime improvements over several mainstream storage solutions for RDF knowledge graphs. However, the space footprint of this novel data structure is still often larger than that of many mainstream solutions. In this work, we detail means to reduce the memory footprint of hypertries and thereby further speed up query processing in hypertrie-based RDF storage solutions. Our approach relies on three strategies: (1) the elimination of duplicate nodes via hashing, (2) the compression of non-branching paths, and (3) the storage of single-entry leaf nodes in their parent nodes. We evaluate these strategies by comparing them with baseline hypertries as well as popular triple stores such as Virtuoso, Fuseki, GraphDB, Blazegraph and gStore. We rely on four datasets/benchmark generators in our evaluation: SWDF, DBpedia, WatDiv, and WikiData. Our results suggest that our modifications significantly reduce the memory footprint of hypertries by up to 70% while leading to a relative improvement of up to 39% with respect to average Queries per Second and up to 740% with respect to Query Mixes per Hour.
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Gębski, Wiktor. "6. Syntax of verbs and Clauses." In Semitic Languages and Cultures. Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0394.06.

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This chapter includes sections on subordination, expressions of tense and aspect, and word order. The first study explores three types of subordination in Jewish Gabes—relative clauses, adverbial clauses, and complementation—considering both cross-linguistic and Semitic dimensions. Relative clauses are post-nominal, influenced by historical patterns of nominal dependency. Adverbial clauses, historically linked to nominal dependency, involve coordination for rendering relations. The analysis of complementation emphasises the influence of the matrix predicate's semantics on the complement's syntactic structure, and includes a semantic taxonomy. The second section explores aspectual and temporal values of the prefix and suffix stems. In addition, compound forms involving auxiliaries and preverbal particles are explained. The final section deals with word-order patterns attested in the narratives and aims to outline the functional differences between the subject-verb and topic-comment alignments.
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Schneider, Gerold. "Chapter 4. Digital Dickens." In Studies in Corpus Linguistics. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/scl.119.04sch.

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This investigation employs computational linguistic methods such as document classification, topic modelling, and distributional semantics to scrutinize eight novels by Charles Dickens, uncovering dimensions of social criticism, literary realism, and narrative structures. While affirming positive results for automated analysis of social criticism, the study emphasizes that it could discover differing associations only due to semantic abstraction, which distributional semantics, word embeddings, and topic modelling can offer. Literary realism is successfully traced through detailed descriptions and everyday activities. Plotting plots with computational linguistic methods, specifically conceptual maps with textplot, shows promise but requires refinement. The study shows that current methods in content analysis offer new possibilities for literary analysis and digital humanities.
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Han, Weifeng. "Chapter 7. “Grammar, I hate” or “I grammar hate”?" In Studies in Bilingualism. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sibil.66.07han.

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Cross-module interfaces, such as the syntax-semantics interface, are among the most problematic properties to fully acquire in a second language (L2). First language (L1) monodialectal and bidialectal speakers may show different performances at the interfaces in L2. However, little is known if such a different performance is caused by learners’ diverse L1 dialectal backgrounds. The study is motivated by the need to link speech-language pathology and word order typological studies in a bidialectal/bilingual context. The aim is to investigate L1 bidialectism in the L2 syntax-semantics interface acquisition outcome and to separate language difference from language disorder. A sentence-picture matching task on the topic-comment structure was administered among 37 Mandarin monodialectal and 39 Mandarin – Wu bidialectal child speakers. Results of a generalized linear model showed that L1 bidialectals exhibited better syntactic-semantic awareness in L2 than their L1 monodialectal counterparts. The results showed that mono- and bidialectal speakers have different performance patterns at the syntax-semantics interface involving noncanonical word orders for L2. However, the L2 performance was under the impact of language difference between L1 and L2, it does not qualify for Developmental Language Disorder (DLD). Finally, the study offers both theoretical and clinical implications for the diagnosis and assessment of bilingual DLD.
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Conference papers on the topic "Semantic structure of the word"

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Maklakova, Elena, and Liudmila Litvinova. "Correlation Of Semantic Components In The Structure Of Word Semantics." In International Conference on Language and Technology in the Interdisciplinary Paradigm. European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.12.3.

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Fogarolli, Angela. "Word Sense Disambiguation Based on Wikipedia Link Structure." In 2009 IEEE International Conference on Semantic Computing (ICSC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsc.2009.7.

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Pesina, Svetlana. "Lexical Knowledge Representation And Semantic Structure Of A Word." In Joint Conferences: 20th Professional Culture of the Specialist of the Future & 12th Communicative Strategies of Information Society. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.12.03.56.

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Yonghe, Chu, Hongfei Lin, Liang Yang, Yufeng Diao, Shaowu Zhang, and Fan Xiaochao. "Refining Word Representations by Manifold Learning." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/749.

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Pre-trained distributed word representations have been proven useful in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, the effect of words’ geometric structure on word representations has not been carefully studied yet. The existing word representations methods underestimate the words whose distances are close in the Euclidean space, while overestimating words with a much greater distance. In this paper, we propose a word vector refinement model to correct the pre-trained word embedding, which brings the similarity of words in Euclidean space closer to word semantics by using manifold learning. This approach is theoretically founded in the metric recovery paradigm. Our word representations have been evaluated on a variety of lexical-level intrinsic tasks (semantic relatedness, semantic similarity) and the experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms several popular word representations approaches.
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Lu, Yuyin, Xin Cheng, Ziran Liang, and Yanghui Rao. "Graph-based Dynamic Word Embeddings." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/594.

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As time goes by, language evolves with word semantics changing. Unfortunately, traditional word embedding methods neglect the evolution of language and assume that word representations are static. Although contextualized word embedding models can capture the diverse representations of polysemous words, they ignore temporal information as well. To tackle the aforementioned challenges, we propose a graph-based dynamic word embedding (GDWE) model, which focuses on capturing the semantic drift of words continually. We introduce word-level knowledge graphs (WKGs) to store short-term and long-term knowledge. WKGs can provide rich structural information as supplement of lexical information, which help enhance the word embedding quality and capture semantic drift quickly. Theoretical analysis and extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of our GDWE on dynamic word embedding learning.
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de Souza, Sydelle, Alina Villalva, and Carina Pinto. "The grammar behind word association tasks." In 11th International Conference of Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2020/11/0021/000436.

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Most word association tasks (WATs) focus on semantic representations but can also illuminate other linguistic phenomena (Van Rensbergen et al., 2015). This study reports a WAT comprising 152 Portuguese verbs and their corresponding compositional deverbal action nouns ending in -ção, that aims to test whether the morphological nature of the stimulus conditions the response. The results suggest that (i) the morphological structure of the stimuli does condition the response; (ii) associations can be constrained by grammatical factors other than semantics; and (iii) L1 Portuguese speakers are more likely to respond with a word belonging to the same word family if the stimulus is a complex word.
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Ge, DongLai, Junhui Li, Muhua Zhu, and Shoushan Li. "Modeling Source Syntax and Semantics for Neural AMR Parsing." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/691.

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Sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) approaches formalize Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) parsing as a translation task from a source sentence to a target AMR graph. However, previous studies generally model a source sentence as a word sequence but ignore the inherent syntactic and semantic information in the sentence. In this paper, we propose two effective approaches to explicitly modeling source syntax and semantics into neural seq2seq AMR parsing. The first approach linearizes source syntactic and semantic structure into a mixed sequence of words, syntactic labels, and semantic labels, while in the second approach we propose a syntactic and semantic structure-aware encoding scheme through a self-attentive model to explicitly capture syntactic and semantic relations between words. Experimental results on an English benchmark dataset show that our two approaches achieve significant improvement of 3.1% and 3.4% F1 scores over a strong seq2seq baseline.
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Navigli, Roberto. "Online word sense disambiguation with structural semantic interconnections." In the Eleventh Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Posters & Demonstrations. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1608974.1608982.

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Guarino, Stefano, and Mario Santoro. "Multi-word Structural Topic Modelling of ToR Drug Marketplaces." In 2018 IEEE 12th International Conference on Semantic Computing (ICSC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsc.2018.00048.

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Pazienza, Maria Teresa, and Paola Velardi. "A structured representation of word-senses for semantic analysis." In the third conference. Association for Computational Linguistics, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/976858.976898.

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Reports on the topic "Semantic structure of the word"

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Balandina, Nadiya. STRUCTURE OF MEDIAENVIRONMENT THROUGH THE PRISM OF LEXICAL INNOVATIONS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2024.54-55.12167.

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Using theoretical and empirical methods, this paper proves that the modern mediaenvironment is a complex configuration made by the material and the virtual components and is reflected in the language in various ways. Innovative lexis with the component media and its systematization has become the key to understanding the mediareality, in particular, detecting the constituent elements of the structure of the mediatized environment. In total, 455 lexemes chosen from the Ukrainian dictionaries, academic publications, and the results provided by Google search engine have been analyzed. The systematization of the lexical units have been done according to the principle of the lexical and semantic field, and as the result macro-, midi-, and mini-fields have been allocated with the subsequent ranging of the lexis into the core, the centre, and the periphery. Within the macro-field MEDIAENVIRONMENT, the midi-fields have been located – TECHNICAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, and SOCIO-COMMUNICATIVE. The conceptual core of the macro-field MEDIAENVIRONMENT has been shown to form lexemes signifying space specified from the point of view of temporality, structuredness, contextuality, and evaluation. TECHNICAL midi-field is represented by the names of media equipment; TECHNOLOGICAL midi-field – by the names of methods, processes, and ways of using media equipment. The structural and semantic framework of the SOCIO-COMMUNICATIVE concentre is represented by mini-fields: WHO – FOR WHAT PURPOSE – WHAT – CHANNEL – TO WHOM – EFFECTS. The senders of information are shown as social institutions, groups, and individuals. The nominations of the addressee reflect the transformation of the passive information consumer to the user. The informational object has been specified according to its form, meaning, and the virtual «shell». The wide array of names for communication channels shows the link between the social field with the technical and technological ones, with their relative autonomy. The effects of consuming the information are verbalized by a smaller number of lexemes, largely of behavioral and evaluative nature. To sum up, the specified groups of neolexemes with the component media create a qualitative-quantitative hierarchical structure, the most numerous parts of which serve as the indicators of the most media-determined spheres of socioenvironment. Key words: mediaenvironment, structure, verbalization, neolexemes with the component media, lexical-semantical field.
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Panta, Manisha, Padam Thapa, Md Hoque, et al. Application of deep learning for segmenting seepages in levee systems. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/49453.

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Seepage is a typical hydraulic factor that can initiate the breaching process in a levee system. If not identified and treated on time, seepages can be a severe problem for levees, weakening the levee structure and eventually leading to collapse. Therefore, it is essential always to be vigilant with regular monitoring procedures to identify seepages throughout these levee systems and perform adequate repairs to limit potential threats from unforeseen levee failures. This paper introduces a fully convolutional neural network to identify and segment seepage from the image in levee systems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in this domain. Applying deep learning techniques for semantic segmentation tasks in real-world scenarios has its own challenges, especially the difficulty for models to effectively learn from complex backgrounds while focusing on simpler objects of interest. This challenge is particularly evident in the task of detecting seepages in levee systems, where the fault is relatively simple compared to the complex and varied background. We addressed this problem by introducing negative images and a controlled transfer learning approach for semantic segmentation for accurate seepage segmentation in levee systems.
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Kapelyushnyi, Anatolyi. TRANSFORMATION OF WORD-FORMS DURING THEIR SPONTANEOUS CREATION IN LIVE TELEVISION BROADCASTIN: ADJECTIVES ADVERBS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11409.

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The article analyzes transformation of word-forms during spontaneous creation in live television broadcasting. Particular attention is paid to adjectives adverbs. The specific properties of adverbs makes it easier to trace general trends in their transformations, because adverbs are not burdened with many different forms and their variations, that occur in the process of word change of some other class of words at the same time adverbiatives allow to analyze in more detail the semantical and grammatical structure of speech. The main method we use is to observe the speech of live TV journalist, we used during the study methods of comparative analysis of comparison of theoretical positions from the work of individual linguists and journalists. Our objective is to trace these transformations and develop a certain attitude towards them in our researches of the language of the media and practicing journalists to support positive trends in the development of the broadcasting on TV and give recommendations for overcoming certain negative trends. All studies of the problems of transformation of grammatical forms in different ways relate to translation studies, mostly investigate the grammatical transformations, that the translator resorted to, when reproducing the original by means of another language. At first glance, it would be logical, if the live speech of television journalists was dominated by transformations? Associated with the translation from internal to foreign broadcasting in cases where natural for this TV journalists is Russian-speaking internal broadcasting and he reproducing the text from internal Russian-speaking. The transformation of grammatical forms however this cannot be seen in the live use of adverbiatives. An interesting trend can also be seen in the transformation of different types of gramma­tical forms. In particular, negative interference is mostly characteristic of the forms of corporate adverbs. Forms of the same word with the same grammatical meaning is such overlapping of two forms of the same grammatical meaning is practically impossible outside of adjectives adverbial and adjectives themselves. Only a small number of transformations are associated with the forms of superlatives.
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Chornodon, Myroslava. FEAUTURES OF GENDER IN MODERN MASS MEDIA. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11064.

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The article clarifies of gender identity stereotypes in modern media. The main gender stereotypes covered in modern mass media are analyzed and refuted. The model of gender relations in the media is reflected mainly in the stereotypical images of men and woman. The features of the use of gender concepts in modern periodicals for women and men were determined. The most frequently used derivatives of these macroconcepts were identified and analyzed in detail. It has been found that publications for women and men are full of various gender concepts that are used in different contexts. Ingeneral, theanalysisofthe concept-maximums and concept-minimum gender and their characteristics is carried out in the context of gender stereotypes that have been forme dand function in the society, system atizing the a ctual presentations. The study of the gender concept is relevant because it reveals new trends and features of modern gender images. Taking into account the special features of gender-labeled periodicals in general and the practical absence of comprehensive scientific studies of the gender concept in particular, there is a need to supplement Ukrainian science with this topic. Gender psychology, which is served by methods of various sciences, primarily sociological, pedagogical, linguistic, psychological, socio-psychological. Let us pay attention to linguistic and psycholinguistic methods in gender studies. Linguistic methods complement intelligence research tasks, associated with speech, word and text. Psycholinguistic methods used in gender psychology (semantic differential, semantic integral, semantic analysis of words and texts), aimed at studying speech messages, specific mechanisms of origin and perception, functions of speech activity in society, studying the relationship between speech messages and gender properties participants in the communication, to analyze the linguistic development in connection with the general development of the individual. Nowhere in gender practice there is the whole arsenal of psychological methods that allow you to explore psychological peculiarities of a person like observation, experiments, questionnaires, interviews, testing, modeling, etc. The methods of psychological self-diagnostics include: the gender aspect of the own socio-psychological portrait, a gender biography as a variant of the biographical method, aimed at the reconstruction of individual social experience. In the process of writing a gender autobiography, a person can understand the characteristics of his gender identity, as well as ways and means of their formation. Socio-psychological methods of studying gender include the study of socially constructed women’s and men’s roles, relationships and identities, sexual characteristics, psychological characteristics, etc. The use of gender indicators and gender approaches as a means of socio-psychological and sociological analysis broadens the subject boundaries of these disciplines and makes them the subject of study within these disciplines. And also, in the article a combination of concrete-historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is implemented. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. Also used is a method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-stamped journals. It was he who allowed quantitatively to identify and explore the features of the gender concept in the pages of periodicals for women and men. A combination of historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is also implemented in the article. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. A method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-labeled journals is also used. It allowed to identify and explore the features of the gender concept quantitatively in the periodicals for women and men. The conceptual perception and interpretation of the gender concept «woman», which is highlighted in the modern gender-labeled press in Ukraine, requires the elaboration of the polyfunctionality of gender interpretations, the comprehension of the metaphorical perception of this image and its role and purpose in society. A gendered approach to researching the gender content of contemporary periodicals for women and men. Conceptual analysis of contemporary gender-stamped publications within the gender conceptual sphere allows to identify and correlate the meta-gender and gender concepts that appear in society.
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Lebedenko, Nataliia. FUNCTIONS OF PAUSES IN A BROADCAST TEXT (CASE OF A RADIO ESSAY “FOR THOSE WHO ARE NOT SLEEPING”). Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2024.54-55.12148.

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The article explores the importance of pauses in radio broadcasts, specifically in one of 25 radio essays titled “For Those Who Are Not Sleeping” by Yurii Andrukhovych, which opened the project called “Air passion. Radio essays voiced by modern actors” on Kultura radio. The peculiarities of the radio essay intonation have been chosen as the object of the research. The goal of the article is to identify the functions of pauses in the radio essay voiced by its author. To study pauses in the radio essay, the methods of observation (when listening to the radio essay), analysis (when analyzing the functions of pauses in the spoken text), and description (when outlining the role of pauses in the radio text) were used. The research reveals that pauses in spoken texts, particularly in radio essays, are an essential element that contributes to their structure, logic, and expressiveness. Sometimes, pauses also serve as a specific tool for the author. The study shows that pauses are not just a stop in the spoken flow, but an important element that informs the listener about the meaning of what is spoken. The research also highlights the national features of the Ukrainian language in the “For Those Who Are Not Sleeping” radio essay. The pauses in the essay perform several functions, such as making the text more structured by abstracts, sentences, and semantic centers, providing space for reproduction of internoises, identifying logical stresses and varying the speech rate, attracting listeners’ attention, and encouraging them to reflect and act. Future research should focus on studying pauses in journalistic texts of various genres. This will help expand available knowledge and assist future journalists in developing proper text intonation skills. Key words: pause, radio, radio essay, intonation.
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Бережна, Маргарита Василівна. Psycholinguistic Image of Joy (in the Computer-Animated Film Inside Out). Psycholinguistics in a Modern World, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/5827.

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The paper is focused on the correlation between the psychological archetype of a film character and the linguistic elements composing their speech. The Nurturer archetype is represented in the film Inside Out by the personalized emotion Joy. Joy is depicted as an antropomorphous female character, whose purpose is to keep her host, a young girl Riley, happy. As the Nurturer, Joy is completely focused on Riley’s happiness, which is expressed by lexico-semantic group ‘happy’, positive evaluative tokens, exclamatory sentences, promissive speech acts, and repetitions. She needs the feeling of connectedness with other members of her family, which is revealed by lexico-semantic groups ‘support’ and ‘help’. She is ready to sacrifice everything to save the girl in her care, which is demonstrated by modal verbs, frequent word-combination ‘for Riley’, and directives.
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Zha, H., and Z. Zhang. On matrices with low-rank-plus-shift structure: Partial SVD and latent semantic indexing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/663268.

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Aroonmanakun, Wirote. Thoughts on word and sentence segmentation in Thai. Chulalongkorn University, 2007. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2007.92.

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This paper discusses problems of word and sentence segmentation in Thai. Disagreements on word segmentation are caused mostly from compound words. To set a standard resource and tool of word segmentation, we suggest that only simple words and true compound words should be segmented in the process of word segmentation. Other compounds can be grouped later by the same means as multiword identification in other languages. Sentence segmentation is also difficult because the boundary of sentence in Thai is fuzzy. We suggest that a discourse should be seen as a combination of clauses rather than sentences. Some discourse clues then can be used to segment these discourse units. The result from sentence segmentation module could be a sequence of segments composed of clauses, which then can be constructed into the discourse structure.
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Boyd, John-Paul. Polyamory in Canada: Research on an Emerging Family Structure. The Vanier Institute of the Family, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.61959/sxof3911e.

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The Canadian Research Institute for Law and the Family began a study of perceptions of polyamory in Canada in June 2016. The project is only midway through its course, but the data collected so far have important implications for law and policy in the coming decades, as the meaning of family continues to evolve. The term polyamory is a mash-up of the Greek word for much or many and the Latin word for love. As these roots suggest, people who are polyamorous are, or prefer to be, involved in more than one intimate relationship at a time. Some polyamorists are involved in stable, long-term, loving relationships involving two or more other people. Others are simultaneously engaged in a number of relationships of varying degrees of permanence and commitment. Still others are involved in a web of concurrent relationships ranging from short-term relationships that are purely sexual in nature to more enduring relationships characterized by deep emotional attachments. Polyamory The practice or condition of participating in more than one intimate relationship at a time. It is usually not related to religion and it is unrelated to marriage. Polygamy The practice or condition of having more than one spouse, typically a wife, at one time, usually for religious reasons.
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Kokurina, Olga Yu. STATE SOVEREIGNTY AND PUBLIC RESPONSIBILITY OF GOVERNMENT IN THE LIGHT OF A SYSTEMIC-ORGANIC APPROACH: INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH. SIB-Expertise, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0755.18122023.

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This electronic resource contains a critical summary of the problems of sovereign statehood and the responsibility of public authority in the light of an interdisciplinary systemic organic approach. The author reveals the essence and content of the categories “sovereign statehood” and “responsibility of public authority” as key factors of the state legal system for ensuring the life of the Russian Federation in the conditions of the emergence of a new world order. It is shown that the multi-valued category of “statehood” (statehood, stateness, nationhood, nationness) reflects the complexity of the concept, which characterizes the status and ability of the state to carry out its functions, and on the other hand, reflects the cultural-historical and spiritual-ideological unity of society, which is the deepest internal semantic content both preceding the state and completing its sociohistorical formation in the course of state development and historical transformations. Based on the systemic-organic approach and within the framework of the structure of the Aristotelian tetrad, the author reveals an integral model of the political and legal phenomenon of “statehood”, in which the final cause (ethion) is determined by “sovereign statehood”, which presupposes unity, integrity, actual autonomy, independence, independence and self-sufficiency states in making decisions that ensure the historical existence and development of the country. The work presents a theoretical understanding of social (public) solidarity as a legal construct and instrument of social harmony and integrity of the state-legal body of the Russian Federation. It is shown that public solidarity, as a constitutional and administrative-legal phenomenon in its positive and negative forms, creates the necessary basis for the implementation of the principle of mutual responsibility of the individual, society and state. An idea of the responsibilities of the state, its bodies and officials to the individual and society is given, the role and place of public legal responsibility of holders of power in the solidary social mechanism is outlined. In general, the results of interdisciplinary research are aimed at identifying key factors in social theory and practice that contribute to the acquisition of true independence and self-sufficiency of Russian statehood and the preservation of the civilizational foundations of a multinational Russian society. The manual will be useful to undergraduate and graduate students studying social and political sciences, and anyone interested in the theory and practice of government.
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