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1
Kennedy, H. G. "Anger and Irritability." British Journal of Psychiatry 161, no. 2 (1992): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.161.2.145.
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Although there have been many studies of violent behaviour, anger has been neglected as a subject of scientific and clinical investigation. Anger can be defined as an affective state experienced as the motivation to act in ways that warn, intimidate or attack those who are perceived as challenging or threatening. Anger is associated with sensitivity to the perception of challenges or heightened awareness of threats. Anger is likely to be closely associated with fear. Although anger is common in mental illnesses it is largely neglected, perhaps because of the social stigma attached to its expression.
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Boateng, Peter Agyekum. "Strategic Managerial Implications of Irritability and Human Relations: Exploring the Role of Gender and Knowledge." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation X, no. VI (2023): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2023.10616.
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This study explores the impact of irritability in managerial contexts, a state of heightened sensitivity associated with increased feelings of anger and frustration on human relationships in organizations. The research also investigates how gender and knowledge influence the relationship between irritability and human relations. The study reveals significant consequences of irritability on effective management and group dynamics, necessitating the development of strategic interventions that enhance human relations and minimize the negative effects of irritability on managers. To gather information on the issue of irritability, the study employed a systematic review of relevant academic literature from reputable databases. The objective was to determine how gendered factors and knowledge acquisition affect the occurrence and regulation of irritability, as well as their strategic implications for human relationships and organizations. The review identified the influence of gender-related factors on the perception and expression of irritability among managers, specifically societal expectations, gender roles, and power dynamics. Furthermore, the research showed that knowledge acquisition, sharing, and utilization are critical factors for managing irritability and improving managerial effectiveness in human relations. The implications of the study highlight the need for organizations to foster gender diversity, create inclusive work environments, and adopt knowledge-based interventions to mitigate the impact of irritability on managerial relationships and team dynamics. The study emphasizes the importance of addressing irritability in managerial training and development programs, as well as cultivating an organizational culture that supports emotional intelligence and knowledge sharing. Further research should explore specific strategies and interventions that organizations can use to cope with irritability in different managerial contexts.
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Gröndal, Maria, Karl Ask, and Stefan Winblad. "An evaluation of the Ultimatum Game as a measure of irritability and anger." PLOS ONE 19, no. 8 (2024): e0304038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0304038.
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The Ultimatum Game is an effective tool for understanding how social decision-making is influenced by emotions in both research and clinical settings. Previous findings have shown that the Ultimatum Game can evoke negative emotions, especially anger and aggression. In a sample of non-clinical adults (N = 143) we evaluated the sensitivity of an anger-infused version of the Ultimatum Game to individual differences in anger and irritability. Findings showed significant relationships between anger and aggressive behaviors in the Ultimatum game, but no association between irritability and aggressive behavior were observed. This indicates that the anger-infused Ultimatum Game is a promising method for studying individual differences in trait anger and anger expression. However, the relationship between decision-making in the anger-infused Ultimatum Game and irritability is less straight forward and needs further investigation. Therefore, when studying the behavioral responses of irritability, it would be beneficial to capture other behaviors beyond aggressive responses.
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Simon, Gregory E. "Psychiatric Symptoms in Multiple Chemical Sensitivity." Toxicology and Industrial Health 10, no. 4-5 (1994): 487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379401000518.
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Neuropsychiatric symptoms are among the most prominent manifestations of generalized chemical sensitivity. Patients, clinicians, and researchers are in agreement that symptoms such as depression, irritability, and mood instability are prominent among the distressing and disabling symptoms occurring in response to low-level chemical exposure. Beyond that point, however, agreement is difficult. The pathophysiology and clinical management of these symptoms remain quite controversial. This paper will review available data on the prevalence and form of psychiatric symptoms among those suffering from multiple chemical sensitivity. Various models explaining the relationship of psychiatric symptoms to chemical sensitivity will be discussed. Finally, the implications of these models for clinical management and future research will be reviewed.
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Lauslahti Graves, Pirkko, and Caroline Bedell Thomas. "Habits of Nervous Tension and Suicide." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 21, no. 2 (1991): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278x.1991.tb00458.x.
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ABSTRACT: In a prospective study of 1,046 male medical students, those who later committed suicide showed a heightened sensitivity in stressful situations as assessed by the Habits of Nervous Tension Questionnaire (HNT). Survival analyses specified 2 of the 25 HNT items as the strongest suicide predictors: Irritability (relative risk 5.5; 95% confidence interval 1.76–17.17) and Urinary Frequency (3.3; 1.07–10.32). No other risk factors for suicide emerged from family background measures or individual medical school measures. It appears that types of sensitivity reflect psychological characteristics that are long‐term precursors of suicide.
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Deter, Hans-Christian, Clemens Micus, Miriam Wagner, Arya M. Sharma, and Konrad Buchholz. "Salt Sensitivity, Anxiety, and Irritability Predict Blood Pressure Increase over Five Years inHealthy Males." Clinical and Experimental Hypertension 28, no. 1 (2006): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10641960500386627.
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Hagekull, Berit, Gunilla Stenberg, and Gunilla Bohlin. "Infant–mother social referencing interactions: Description and antecedents in maternal sensitivity and infant irritability." Early Development and Parenting 2, no. 3 (1993): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/edp.2430020306.
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Serra, G., M. Uchida, C. Battaglia, et al. "Pediatric Mania: The Controversy Between Euphoria and Irritability." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (2017): S224—S225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2220.
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IntroductionPediatric bipolar disorder (BD) is a highly morbid pediatric psychiatric disease, consistently associated with family psychiatric history of mood disorders, with high levels of morbidity and disability and with a great risk of suicide.ObjectivesWhile there is a general consensus on the symptomatology of depression in childhood, the phenomenology of pediatric mania is still highly debated and the course and long-term outcome of pediatric BD still need to be clarified.AimsTo assess the prevalence, demographics, clinical correlates and course of these euphoric versus irritable pediatric mania.MethodsSystematic review of the available studies assessing the phenomenology, course and outcome of pediatric mania.ResultsEighteen studies reported the number of subjects presenting with either irritable or elated mood during mania. Irritability has been reported to be the most frequent clinical feature of pediatric mania reaching a sensitivity of 95–100% in several samples. Only half the studies reviewed reported on number of episodes or cycling patterns and the described course was mostly chronic and ultra-rapid whereas the classical episodic presentation was less common. Few long-term outcome studies have reported a diagnostic stability of mania from childhood to young adult age.ConclusionsSevere irritability is the most common presentation of abnormal mood described in children with bipolar disorder. Longitudinal studies of samples with irritable versus elated mood presentation and chronic versus episodic course may help clarify whether these are factors predicting different long-term course, treatment-response and outcome of pediatric onset bipolar disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Meier, Petra, Dieter Wolke, Tina Gutbrod, and Libi Rust. "The influence of infant irritability on maternal sensitivity in a sample of very premature infants." Infant and Child Development 12, no. 2 (2003): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/icd.284.
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Kim, Juyeong, Eunkyung Kim, Seon-Cheol Park, and Yongchon Park. "The Effect of Anxiety Sensitivity on Irritability: The Mediating Effects of Anxiety and Sleep Quality." Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 62, no. 4 (2023): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.4306/jknpa.2023.62.4.157.
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Ali, Amira Mohammed, Saeed A. Al-Dossary, Abdulaziz Mofdy Almarwani, Maha Atout, Rasmieh Al-Amer, and Abdulmajeed A. Alkhamees. "The Impact of Event Scale-Revised: Examining Its Cutoff Scores among Arab Psychiatric Patients and Healthy Adults within the Context of COVID-19 as a Collective Traumatic Event." Healthcare 11, no. 6 (2023): 892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11060892.
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The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) is the most popular measure of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It has been recently validated in Arabic. This instrumental study aimed to determine optimal cutoff scores of the IES-R and its determined six subscales in Arab samples of psychiatric patients (N = 168, 70.8% females) and healthy adults (N = 992, 62.7% females) from Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic as a probable ongoing collective traumatic event. Based on a cutoff score of 14 of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 8-items (DASS-8), receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis revealed two optimal points of 39.5 and 30.5 for the IES-R in the samples (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.86 & 0.91, p values = 0.001, 95% CI: 0.80–0.92 & 0.87–0.94, sensitivity = 0.85 & 0.87, specificity = 0.73 & 0.83, Youden index = 0.58 & 0.70, respectively). Different cutoffs were detected for the six subscales of the IES-R, with numbing and avoidance expressing the lowest predictivity for distress. Meanwhile, hyperarousal followed by pandemic-related irritability expressed a stronger predictive capacity for distress than all subscales in both samples. In path analysis, pandemic-related irritability/dysphoric mood evolved as a direct and indirect effect of key PTSD symptoms (intrusion, hyperarousal, and numbing). The irritability dimension of the IES-R directly predicted the traumatic symptoms of sleep disturbance in both samples while sleep disturbance did not predict irritability. The findings suggest the usefulness of the IES-R at a score of 30.5 for detecting adults prone to trauma related distress, with higher scores needed for screening in psychiatric patients. Various PTSD symptoms may induce dysphoric mood, which represents a considerable burden that may induce circadian misalignment and more noxious psychiatric problems/co-morbidities (e.g., sleep disturbance) in both healthy and diseased groups.
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Aquino, Wislla Ketlly Menezes de, Marcos Venícios de Oliveira Lopes, Viviane Martins da Silva, et al. "Accuracy of the defining characteristics in nursing diagnoses of Hyperthermia in newborns." Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 71, no. 2 (2018): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0037.
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ABSTRACT Objective: to clinically validate the accuracy of the defining characteristics in nursing diagnoses of Hyperthermia in newborns. Method: a cross-sectional study conducted in units of medium and high risk in a maternity from the city of Fortaleza-CE. A total of 216 newborns were evaluated to identify the defining characteristics of diagnoses. A latent class model with random effects was used to measure sensitivity and specificity. Results: Hyperthermia was present in 5.6% of the sample. The characteristics lack of suction maintenance (31.3%); skin warm to touch (25.5%); lethargy (24.2%); and tachypnea (21.4%) were the most frequent. Stupor presented higher sensitivity (99.9%) and specificity (100%) while vasodilation characteristics, irritability and lethargy only showed significant values for specificity (92.7%, 91.6% and 74.3%, respectively). Conclusion: four characteristics of high specificity contribute to Hyperthemia. However, stupor is the only one with significant sensitivity to identify it at its early-stage.
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Badrian, Afsane, Sayed Abbas Haghayegh, and Hamid Reza Nikyar. "The Relationships Between Anxiety Sensitivity, Irritability, Intrusive Thoughts and Sleep Problems in Patients With Generalized Anxiety Disorder." Practice in Clinical Psychology 5, no. 1 (2017): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.jpcp.5.1.45.
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Mishra, Deepak, Ram Hari Chapagain, Susan Bhattarai, Nitu Kumari Jha, and Rakesh Mishra. "Clinico-pathological Profile of Late Onset Neonatal Sepsis in a Tertiary Centre of Nepal." Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital 18, no. 2 (2019): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v18i2.23517.
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Background: Neonatal sepsis is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Late onset sepsis (LOS) is associated with community environment or postnatal exposure to hospital environment. Its incidence is rising due to greater survival of preterm neonates and very low birth weight babies. Because of difference in local epidemiology and possible variation with time, regular monitoring and updates on pathogen and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern is important for prevention and treatment. The objective of this study was to identify the common symptoms and signs and determine the common bacterial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of late onset neonatal sepsis.
 Methods: This was hospital based prospective observational study conducted among the neonates admitted with diagnosis of late onset neonatal sepsis in Kanti Children’s Hospital from July 2016 to June 2017.
 Results: Poor feeding (89.6%), fever/hypothermia (47.2%), excessive/ poor cry (40.8%) and irritability/lethargy (33.6) were the common symptoms. Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CONS), the most predominant organisms, were isolated in 66.7% and 18.5% of culture positive cases respectively. Most of the isolated organisms showed sensitivity to cloxacillin (16/27), amikacin (15/27), ciprofloxacin (14/27), cefotaxime (11/27), cotrimaxazole (6/27) and amoxyclox (6/27).
 Conclusion: Poor feeding, fever/hypothermia, excessive/ poor cry and irritability/lethargy were the common symptoms. This study has indicated possible emergence of Staphylococcus aureus as the dominant cause of late onset neonatal sepsis. Cloxacillin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime were more efficacious against the commonly isolated bacteria in late onset neonatal sepsis.
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Deshpande, S. N., K. R. Sundaram, and N. N. Wig. "Psychiatric Disorders Among Medical In-patients in an Indian Hospital." British Journal of Psychiatry 154, no. 4 (1989): 504–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.154.4.504.
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Psychiatric symptoms among medical inpatients in an Indian hospital were assessed: the SRQ was used as a screening instrument, and those with probable psychiatric disorders were given the PSE and MSE, for further, detailed assessment. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was 34%, with a further 15% reporting distressing psychiatric symptoms only. The most frequent complaints were delirium and adjustment disorders. They were largely associated with connective tissue, as well as cardiovascular and endocrine, disorders, and were characterised by depression, worrying and irritability. The reliability of the SRQ varied with the cut-off score, which gave optimal specificity and sensitivity when set at 9.
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Abdullah, Majeed A., and Muhammad S. Nagmulden. "Mathematical Modeling of Meningitis." International Academic Journal of Science and Engineering 11, no. 1 (2024): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/iajse/v11i1/iajse1129.
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Meningitis is acute inflammation of the brain and spinal cord coverings, caused by viral or bacterial infections, or occasionally, medications. It poses a severe risk to life due to its proximity to vital neurological structures. Symptoms include headache, neck stiffness, fever, confusion, vomiting, and sensitivity to light or sound. In children, symptoms like irritability and drowsiness are common, and the presence of a rash may indicate specific causes such as meningococcal infection. Mathematical modeling, especially SIR modeling, helps understand disease dynamics and informs intervention strategies. This paper examines meningitis models and methods for find the basic reproduction number (ℛ0).
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Inanc, Oyku, and Tirth Dave. "From Irritability to Amnesia: Unraveling Thalamic Glioma – a Case Report." BJPsych Open 10, S1 (2024): S279—S280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2024.668.
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AimsGliomas, encompassing astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas, constitute the majority (40–55%) of primary brain tumors. Diagnosis can be challenging due to their uncommon nature, subtle symptoms, and diverse clinical manifestations. While neurological signs are typical, psychiatric symptoms may occasionally precede them. This case report explores a 59-year-old man whose initial psychiatric symptoms, resistant to treatment, evolved into memory impairment, ultimately revealing a high-grade glioma in the thalamus.MethodsA 59-year-old male patient presented to the psychiatric service, expressing concerns about excessive anger and aggression. His family observed his behavior as abnormal, noting uncharacteristic personality changes, particularly increased irritability. Following an outpatient psychiatric evaluation, he was diagnosed with excessive irritability. Over time, the patient's aggressive behaviors intensified, accompanied by feelings of being ignored and devalued by his family, heightened emotional sensitivity, and episodes of muteness. Despite two trials of medication (i.e., sertraline and alprazolam), there was a deterioration in adaptive functioning. Two years after the first onset, the patient experienced unfamiliarity with surroundings, forgetting place names, memories, and people's names. The patient had no family history of neurological or psychiatric illness, and there was no evidence of substance use in his past. To rule out organic causes, an MRI revealed a 17×21 mm lesion in the right thalamus and a calcified focus in the superior part of the left tentorium. Subsequent biopsy confirmed a high-grade glial tumor: anaplastic astrocytoma Grade III, with a Ki-67 index of 10%.ResultsThe extended onset of memory impairment in our patient, following a 3-year history of aggressive attacks and irritation, prompts an exploration of the intricate interplay between psychiatric and neurological manifestations. Unlike typical associations of personality changes with frontal lobe tumors, our case challenges this by implicating a thalamic tumor, highlighting the complexity of symptom correlation with precise brain lesion locations. Psychiatric symptoms, though not exclusive, may indicate underlying brain tumors. New-onset psychosis, mood or memory symptoms, atypical occurrences, personality changes, and anorexia in individuals over 40 warrant a thorough diagnostic workup, including neuroimaging, to investigate potential intracranial lesions.ConclusionThis case emphasizes the significance of identifying psychiatric symptoms as potential indicators of underlying brain tumors. The diverse manifestations, such as sudden psychosis, mood or memory changes, or unusual symptoms, should prompt further investigation, including neuroimaging. Early detection is crucial for improving overall quality of life, and understanding these psychiatric signs aids in unraveling the broader narrative of potential brain tumor involvement.
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Tudor, Lucija, Josip Podobnik, Gordana Nedic Erjavec, et al. "Association of Lower COMT Activity Alleles with Aggressive Traits in Male Youth with Conduct Disorder Living in a Correctional Facility." Biomolecules 15, no. 4 (2025): 554. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15040554.
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Aggression constitutes a significant behavioral issue associated with delinquent behavior, commonly observed in youth diagnosed with conduct disorder (CD) and living in correctional facilities. Catechol-o-methyl-transferase (COMT) gene variants modify the environmental sensitivity associated with the risk of aggression. This study evaluated the association of COMT rs4680 and rs4818 polymorphisms with aggressive behavior in 341 male adolescents living inside and outside a correctional facility, with or without a diagnosis of CD. Aggression was assessed using the Hare Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL-YV), Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) and Swanson, Nolan and Pelham Questionnaire. COMT rs4680 and rs4818 polymorphisms were genotyped using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays. A similar prevalence of the COMT genotypes or haplotypes was found between adolescents with or without CD, suicidal behavior, or detention in correctional facility. In youth with CD, the COMT rs4680 A allele was associated with higher MOAS verbal aggression, aggression toward objects, irritability (subjective and open), and PCL-YV interpersonal domain scores compared with carriers of the COMT rs4680 G allele. COMT rs4818 GC carriers with CD had higher scores on the MOAS subjective irritability than GG heterozygotes. These novel findings revealed the association of lower COMT rs4680 and rs4818 activity alleles with aggression in detained male adolescents with CD.
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Sharma, Chandra Shekhar, Rajesh Kumar Nema, and Vinod Kumar Sharma. "Synthesis, anticonvulsant activity and in silico study of some novel amino acids incorporated bicyclo compounds." Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 2 (2010): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjps.v2i2.2607.
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In the present study, some novel amino acids incorporated bicyclo compounds have been synthesized and their structure was confirmed by physico-chemical and spectral data. The title compounds were evaluated for in silico toxicity study and anticonvulsant activity by maximal electric shock method. The results showed that substitution with cysteine and glutamic acid moiety was found to increase the activity. In silico toxicity study results showed that the compounds are free of toxicity in neurotoxicity, irritability, sensitivity, immunotoxicity and oncogenecity Key words: Maximal electrical shock method; anticonvulsant activity; in silico toxicity. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i2.2607Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(2) 2009: 42-47
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Sohail, Shehreen, Kaleem Ullah, and Fareeha Sohail. "Case report: Typhoid fever due to laboratory acquired Salmonella paratyphi confirmed through antibiotic sensitivity testing." Journal of Cellular and Molecular Immunology 3, no. 1 (2025): 33–35. https://doi.org/10.46439/immunol.3.028.
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Enteric fever is a major public health concern in developing countries. Enteric fever can result from Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi infections after consuming contaminated food or water. The increase in widespread drug resistance is severely limiting treatment options for this serious disease. This case report covers a 23 year old patient history who got lab acquired infection of Salmonella paratyphi A infection. Initially, he experienced symptoms of fever, and irritability, which progressed to severe loose motions and high-grade fever. Due to the worsening condition, the patient was admitted to the hospital where blood testing was done and the patient was advised to be treated with Azithromycin. With appropriate treatment, the patient showed significant improvement, including resolution of fever and normal bowl movement. Management of Salmonella is often challenging but prompt administration of appropriate antibiotics based on sensitivity testing is crucial for successful management. This case emphasizes the importance of early recognition and effective management of this uncommon yet severe complication of Salmonella infection.
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Chen, Jian, Bruce Oddson, and Heather C. Gilbert. "Differential Effect of Recurrent Concussions on Symptom Clusters in Sport Concussion Assessment Tool." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 28, no. 7 (2019): 735–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2018-0166.
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Context: Symptom checklist in Sport Concussion Assessment Tool has been widely used in preseason assessment and in concussion diagnosis, but the impact of prior concussions on the graded symptoms after a new concussion has not been evaluated. Objective: This study was undertaken to examine reported symptoms associated with recurrent concussions using data of a comprehensive survey among athletes. Design: Retrospective survey and cross-sectional study. Setting: College athletes. Participants: Student athletes who sustained one or more concussions. Main Outcome Measures: Concussion history and graded symptoms of the most recent concussion at time of the survey were surveyed. The impact of prior concussions was examined over symptoms and aggregated symptoms. Results: Multiple concussions were associated with greater reporting of individual symptoms related to emotion and physical symptoms of sensitivity to light and noise: more emotional (z = 2.3, P = .02); sadness (z = 2.4, P = .02); nervousness (z = 2.4, P = .02); irritability (z = 3.6, P = .01); sensitivity to light (z = 2.6, P = .01); and sensitivity to noise (z = 2.4, P = .04). The composite scores of emotional symptom and sensitivity symptom clusters were significantly higher: t = 2.68 (P < .01) and t = 3.35 (P < .01), respectively. Conclusions: The significant rises in emotional and sensitivity symptoms may be an important additive effect of concussive injury. Closer attention should be given to these symptom clusters when evaluating concussion injury and recovery.
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Currie, Dustin W., Matthew J. Kraeutler, John B. Schrock, Eric C. McCarty, and R. Dawn Comstock. "Time Trends in Concussion Symptom Presentation and Assessment Methods in High School Athletes." American Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 14 (2017): 3368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546517725068.
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Background: Concussion rates have increased significantly over the past decade. This may reflect an increase in the knowledge and diagnosis of the symptoms of a concussion rather than a true increase in the incidence. Assessing trends in the way that concussions are presenting to and being identified by clinicians over the same period may provide additional insight into the apparent rise in concussions. Purpose: To evaluate patterns of change in concussion symptom presentation, diagnostic/evaluation methods, and symptom resolution time reported for United States high school athletes from the 2007-2008 through 2014-2015 academic years. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of a web-based longitudinal high school sports injury surveillance database (High School RIO [Reporting Information Online]) collected from 2007-2008 through 2014-2015. For each concussion, athletic trainers entered data regarding symptom presentation, resolution time, and diagnostic/evaluation tools utilized. Academic year was the primary exposure in assessing each aim. Time trends were then assessed using linear regression or the Cochran-Armitage test for trends, depending on the outcome distribution. Results: The proportion of concussed athletes presenting with amnesia, loss of consciousness (LOC), and tinnitus significantly decreased from 2007-2008 through 2014-2015, while the proportion presenting with drowsiness, irritability, light sensitivity, and noise sensitivity increased significantly. The use of diagnostic radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography all significantly decreased during the study period, while the use of computerized neurocognitive tests increased. Concussion symptoms took significantly longer to resolve in more recent years. Conclusion: The decrease in what have traditionally been considered severe symptoms (LOC, amnesia) and the increase in what were traditionally considered minor symptoms (drowsiness, irritability, light sensitivity) suggest that clinicians may have a lower threshold in diagnosing sports-related concussions in more recent years. The significant reduction in the use of all forms of diagnostic head imaging demonstrates an increased recognition of concussions as functional disturbances rather than structural abnormalities. Improved concussion education and the nationwide passage of state-level concussion legislation have likely led to the increased recognition of lingering symptoms in athletes with a diagnosed concussion, thereby leading to a longer symptom resolution time.
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Cafaro, R., M. Macellaro, B. Dell’Osso, and T. Suppes. "Mixed Features in Bipolar Disorder: assessing symptoms profiles and their relation with DSM-5 criteria." European Psychiatry 66, S1 (2023): S579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.1210.
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IntroductionMixed states, the co-occurrence of manic and depressive symptoms, were recognized and described from the time of antiquity. DSM-5 first, and DSM-5-TR after, introduced the ‘’mixed features’’ specifier, defined by the presence of at least three non-overlapping opposite-pole symptoms during a syndromic depressive, hypomanic, or manic episode. Various manifestations, including irritability, distractibility, anxiety, psychomotor agitation, were excluded from the specifier, since they can occur during both depressive and hypo/manic episodes and other mental illnesses.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate the phenomenology and prevalence of mixed states among bipolar disorder (BD) patients. We first assessed the frequency of specific features during different mood states. Then, we estimated the prevalence of mixed states by applying DSM-5 criteria, comparing it qualitatively with the one detected from psychometric questionnaires.MethodsIn a naturalistic study, 903 adult outpatients with BD participating in the Stanley Foundation Bipolar Network were followed longitudinally across 14,213 visits for 7 years. The scores at the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology–Clinician-Rated Version (IDS-C) and at the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), administered at each visit, were used to define the mood episode and to assess the frequency of specific symptoms. In addition, we applied DSM-5 criteria for “with mixed features” to our sample, to examine a DSM-5-based construct.ResultsSpecific symptomatic profiles differentiate mixed states from pure ones (Figure 1 and 2). Mainly, a higher prevalence of irritability was found during mixed episodes, both depressive and hypo/manic, compared to pure depression (0.60 vs. 1.20, p < 0,001) and hypo/mania (0.82 vs. 1.54, p < 0,001), as reported at the 6th item of IDS-C.Figure 1. Individual YMRS items scores in visits with pure depression, mixed depression, pure hypo/mania and mixed hypo/mania.Figure 2. Individual IDS-C items scores in visits with pure depression, mixed depression, pure hypo/mania and mixed hypo/mania.Image:Image 2:ConclusionsPreliminary results of the present study showed that symptoms like irritability are strongly prevalent during mixed states. Moreover, the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for “with mixed features” specifier for any of the mood episodes detected lower rates of mixed states, hence this criteria may yield inadequate sensitivity in recognizing patients suffering from such conditions.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
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Mento, Carmela, Maria Silvestri, Pilar Amezaga, et al. "Anxiety sensitivity, uncertainty and recursive thinking: A continuum on Cyberchondria conditions during the Covid Outbreak." Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences 9, no. 1 (2022): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22543/7674.91.p7887.
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Background. Cyberchondria is a term used to refer to excessive surfing the web looking for health care information, excessive checking behavior being related to health-related anxiety. This period of quarantine for the Covid-19 pandemic is increasing the pathological use of the internet, and the excessive surfing the web looking for health care information. Another dimension related to the Covid-19 outbreak refers to uncertainty intolerance, for this reason being necessary for the healthcare professionals to provide clear and linear information. Aim. The aim of this review is to identify the psychological correlations connected to cyberchondria in the quarantine period. Methods. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we carried out a systematic review of the literature on PubMed. The terms used for the search were “Cyberchondria” OR “Anxiety” AND “Quarantine”. Results. As resulting from the reviewed literature, there is a relationship between anxiety for one’s own state of health and cyberchondria, with negative psychological effects of quarantine, including post-traumatic stress symptoms, depression, anxiety, low mood, irritability, insomnia, uncertainty, emotional exhaustion, this condition being associated with hypervigilance, and catastrophic misinterpretation of bodily signs. Conclusion. In the light of this and according to the literature, it would be desirable that research can further explore the factors influencing the increase in cyberchondria in the future.
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Hussein, Naser S. "Clinical, Etiological and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles of Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infection in a Western Hemisphere of Baghdad." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 14, no. 4 (2015): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v14i4.19071.
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Background: In majority of community-acquired urinary tract infection (CA-UTI) cases, physicians can prescribe empirical therapy without a pretreatment urine culture especially in resource poor settings, where the cost of urine culture is more than cost of treatment itself. Objective: With growing problem of drug resistance globally as well as data on CA-UTI in Iraq are scare. We conduct this study to analyze clinical presentation, etiology and antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria causing community acquired urinary tract infection (CA-UTI). Material and Methods: Outpatients urine cultures and clinical presentations were collected from April 2012 to October 2012. A positive urine culture was defined as growth of a single bacteria with colony count of more than 100,000 CFU/ml and disk diffusion technique was performed to determine antibiotics susceptibility of isolated bacteria species. Clinical symptoms, causative uropathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity were recorded. Results: Of 299 urine cultures processed, a positive urine culture was detected in 100 subjects. Dysuria and bladder irritability (frequency and urgency) were the most common clinical presentation. 39% of isolated bacteria was Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus strains (30%). The isolated uropathogens showed a substantial sensitivity reduction to most of test antibiotics. Conclusion: Clinical presentation had a minor role in diagnosis of CA-UTI and this study revealed that E. coli and Staphylococcus strains were most prevalent isolated uropathogens. Susceptibility test showed there was a high sensitivity to nitrofurantoin, amikacin and imipenem.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(4) 2015 p.352-358
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Araújo Alves, Juliana, Filipa Neto Paiva, Lígia Torres Silva, and Paula Remoaldo. "Low-Frequency Noise and Its Main Effects on Human Health—A Review of the Literature between 2016 and 2019." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15 (2020): 5205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155205.
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This paper summarizes the presently available knowledge about the association between low-frequency noise and its effects on health. A database was constructed with a total of 142 articles published between 2016 and 2019 regarding low-frequency noise exposure and its effects on health. A total of 39 articles were analysed in depth. The articles were divided into categories according to the effects on human health addressed. Regarding the emitting source, there was a greater number of articles addressing issues related to sources of environmental noise and noise from wind turbines. As for the effects generated on human health, there was a greater number of articles referring to the effects on sleep disorders, discomfort, sensitivity to and irritability from noise, annoyance, hearing loss, and cardiovascular diseases, and these effects are analysed in more detail in the present article.
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Lo, Denise Swei, Larissa Rodrigues, Vera Hermina Kalika Koch, and Alfredo Elias Gilio. "Clinical and laboratory features of urinary tract infections in young infants." Brazilian Journal of Nephrology 40, no. 1 (2018): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-jbn-3602.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common serious bacterial infection in young infants. Signs and symptoms are often nonspecific. Objectives: To describe clinical, demographic and laboratory features of UTI in infants ≤ 3 months old. Methods: Cross-sectional study of infants ≤ 3 months old with UTI diagnosed in a pediatric emergency department, for the period 2010-2012. UTI was defined as ≥ 50,000 colony-forming units per milliliter of a single uropathogen isolated from bladder catheterization. Paired urinalysis and urine culture from group culture-positive and group culture-negative were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of pyuria and nitrite tests in detecting UTI. Results: Of 519 urine cultures collected, UTI was diagnosed in 65 cases (prevalence: 12.5%); with male predominance (77%). The most common etiologies were Escherichia coli (56.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.5%) and Enterococcus faecalis (7.7%). Frequent clinical manifestations were fever (77.8%), irritability (41.4%) and vomiting (25.4%). The median temperature was 38.7°C. The sensitivity of the nitrite test was 30.8% (95%CI:19.9-43.4%), specificity of 100% (95%CI:99.2-100%). Pyuria ≥ 10,000/mL had a sensitivity of 87.7% (95%CI:77.2-94.5%), specificity of 74.9% (95%CI:70.6 -78.8%). The median peripheral white blood cell count was 13,150/mm3; C-reactive protein levels were normal in 30.5% of cases. Conclusions: The male: female ratio for urinary tract infection was 3.3:1. Non-Escherichia coli etiologies should be considered in empirical treatment. Fever was the main symptom. Positive nitrite is highly suggestive of UTI but has low sensitivity; whereas pyuria ≥ 10,000/mL revealed good sensitivity, but low specificity. Peripheral white blood cell count and C-reactive protein concentration have limited usefulness to suggest UTI.
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Nabat ul Hassan, Saeeda, Ghulam Asghar Bhutta, and Khushbu Farva. "Frequencies, sensitivity pattern and molecular characterization of bacterial isolates in blood in neonatal sepsis." Professional Medical Journal 28, no. 7 (2021): 987–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2021.28.07.5902.
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Objective: To determine frequency, molecular characterization and sensitivity of bacterial isolates against commonly used antibiotics in neonatal sepsis. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Pathology Sahara Medical College Narowal. Period: October 2019 to March 2020. Material & Methods: Neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of study institution having signs and symptoms of neonatal symptoms such as fever, irritability, seizures, anorexia and lethargy, were included in the study using consecutive sampling technique. Blood sample from all study patients taken and sent for culture to determine bacterial isolates and antibiotic sensitivity against commonly used antibiotics for neonatal sepsis. Bacterial isolates identification was done using standard bacteriological technique performed by modified Kirby & Bauer disc diffuse method as per Clinical and Laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: Total 200 cases were studied having neonatal sepsis and admitted in NICU including 58% female and 42% male children. Bacterial growth occurred in 10.5% samples and in 89.5% samples no bacterial growth seen. There were 1% samples with gram positive and 9.5% samples with gram negative bacterial isolates. Klebsiella was the commonest organism isolated in 38.1% cases out of total positive isolates. There were 72.5% neonates having age 1-14 days and 27.5% neonates having age 15-28 days. Conclusion: Gram negative bacteria are common cause of neonatal sepsis, out of which Klebsiella is the commonest organism. Antimicrobial drug resistance in different infections is a serious emerging issue.
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Goyal, Shri Gopal, Prem Prakash, Suresh Parihar, and K. K. Verma. "Assessment of Psychiatric Comorbidities and Disability in Patients with a Complaint of Headache Attending Psychiatric Outpatient Department at Tertiary Care Center." Annals of Indian Psychiatry 7, no. 3 (2023): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/aip.aip_146_21.
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Abstract Background: Headache is one of the most common complaints seen among the patients attending the psychiatric outpatient department. Psychiatric comorbidities worsen the headache and there is a vicious cycle of headache and psychiatric symptoms, aggravating each other. This further complicates headache management so it is better to explore psychiatric symptoms whenever we come across a headache patient. Aims and Objectives: The aim and objective of the study are to assess the psychiatric comorbidities and disability among the patients complaining of headaches. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out at a tertiary care center. Patients attending the outpatient department with complaints of headaches were enrolled. Psychiatric comorbidities were assessed by using patient health questionnaire-9, generalized anxiety disorder-7 scale, depression, anxiety, and stress 21 scale along with allodynia symptom checklist-12. Disability in the past 3 months was assessed by Migraine Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) scale. A semi-structured Performa was used to record sociodemographic details and clinical variables. Results: Majority of the patients (69%) were of the age group 20–40 years. Females (75%) predominated in the study. The average severity of headaches reported by 63% of patients was moderate over Likert’s scale. Temple area (73%) was the main location. Throbbing (81%) was the main type of headache. One-third of the patients got compelled to wake at night due to headache attacks. The main premonitory symptoms were depression, irritability, and sensitivity to sound. Other associated symptoms during headache attacks were sensitivity to sound, anxiety, and irritability. Psychological stress was the main provoking factor. The majority of patients (75%) show mild disability in the past 3 months over the MIDAS scale. 25% of the patient-reported moderate depression over the patient health questionare-9 scale. The majority of the patients (85%) reported moderate-to-severe anxiety and nearly half of the patients reported severe stress. Conclusion: Patients with headaches have high chances of associated psychiatric comorbidities that make worse outcomes of each other so it is better to do detailed psychiatric workup and treat them efficiently keeping in view of psychiatric symptoms.
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Bibi, Amena Tabassum, Chengty Siddaling, Uplaonkar Vinod, and Honnalli Charanraj. "Study of Urinary Tract Infections in Infants with Acute Fever in North Karnataka." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 16, no. 12 (2024): 823–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14592167.
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<strong>Background:</strong> Urinary tract infection (UTI) is identified by the presence of both pyuria and at least 50,000 colo-nies/ml of a single uropathogenic organism in an appropriately collected specimen of urine. In infants, the only presentation of UTI shows non-specific signs such as irritability, feeding poorly, vomiting, sleeping more, or showing signs of jaundice. <strong>Method:</strong> 60 infants admitted for fever were studied. Symptoms were increased frequency of micturition, crying while voiding, and pyuria. General and systemic examinations were done to rule them out. Phimosis, vulvular synechiae, and suprapubic mass, renal mass, dysmorphic features, and associated congenital anomalies were observed. A provisional diagnosis was done mainly based on signs and symptoms. Routine urine analysis, mi-croscopic analysis of urine, and urine culture were carried out. Positive patients were further examined by USG and MCU, and a differential diagnosis was also done to confirm the UTI.<strong> Results:</strong> 60 (100%) fever, 23 (38.3%) vomiting, 34 (56.61%) irritability, 42 (70%) failure to thrive, 8 (13.31%) jaundice, 13 (21.1%) convulsion, 18 (30%) gastroenteritis, 15 (25.7%) fever without focus, 8 (13.3%) URTI, 11 (18.3%) UTI, 5 (8.33%) septicaemia, and 3 (3%) bronchitis. The highest antibiotic sensitivity of the organism growing in the urine culture sample was 54 (90%) amikacin, followed by 43 (71.6%) laxacin, 35 (58.3%) nor-floxacin, 25 (41.6%) gentamicin, and the least was 6 (10%) ceftriaxone. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Urine culture should be an essential part of the evaluation of febrile infants with no longer signs for proper diagnosing of UTL.
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Kapustina, Ksenia O., and Elena N. Azletskaya. "Emotional stability of the personality in adolescence." Pedagogy: history, prospects 3, no. 5 (2020): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2686-9969-2020-3-5-113-119.
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The article presents various definitions and characteristics of emotional stability, as well as its components. The purpose and objectives of the study are determined. The analysis of methods of correction and development of emotional stability of a personality in adolescence has been carried out. The approaches to the psychological correction of emotional stability are characterized. It is shown that psychodynamic in-cludes the creation of an environment that eliminates social and external obstacles to interpersonal conflict. The methods of resolution are art therapy, psychoanalysis, psy-chocorrection in the family. Behavioral helps to better master adaptive forms of behav-ior or help get rid of maladaptive forms. It is noted that with an acceptable level of emotional stability in a young man, moderate psychoticism, sensitivity and irritability are at an average level. In addition to the methods of correction, recommendations are given for the development of emotional stability.
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Kaku, Sowmyashree Mayur, Ananya Varshney, Dhwani Ravi, and Ann Maria Moncy. "Efficacy and Safety of Antiepileptic Drugs in the Management of Behavioral Issues in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." Journal of Psychiatry Spectrum 4, no. 1 (2024): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jopsys.jopsys_33_24.
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Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often accompanied by comorbidities such as epilepsy and behavioral problems. The interplay between epilepsy, behavior, and language suggests a potential role for antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in managing ASD-related behavioral issues. Despite some preliminary studies indicating possible benefits, the evidence remains inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of AEDs in managing behavioral issues in individuals with ASD. Methodology: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search across multiple databases (PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and others) for double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English. Inclusion criteria focused on individuals with ASD exhibiting behavioral problems, with or without EEG abnormalities, treated with AEDs. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. The primary outcome was focused on investigating the efficacy of AEDs in improving behavioral symptoms, predominantly irritability, and aggression. We also investigated the safety profiles of the AEDs. Results: Seven RCTs met the inclusion criteria, involving AEDs such as valproate, levetiracetam, and topiramate. Two RCTs were excluded due to incompatible outcome measures. Meta-analysis of the remaining five RCTs showed no significant difference in the reduction of aggression and irritability between AEDs and placebo, with high heterogeneity (I2 = 93%). Sensitivity analysis confirmed the nonsignificance and high heterogeneity (I2 = 87%). Adverse effects commonly reported included insomnia and weight gain. Conclusion: This meta-analysis found no significant benefit of AEDs in managing behavioral symptoms of ASD compared to placebo, consistent with previous findings. The high heterogeneity and methodological limitations highlight the need for more robust and larger-scale studies. Future research should consider the role of electroencephalography abnormalities and standardize outcome measures to better evaluate the potential of AEDs in this population or in a specific subgroup of ASD.
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Srećković, Biljana, Snezana Knežević, and Slavica Đorđević. "Chronic Lyme neuroborreliosis." ABC - casopis urgentne medicine 21, no. 2 (2021): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/abc2102024s.
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Introduction. Lyme neuroborreliosis is an infectious disorder of the central and/or peripheral nervous system caused by the tick stump of the genus Ixodes rici, infected with species Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (in Europe). The disease manifests as meningitis, encephalitis, meningoradiculitis, vasculitis, paresthesia of the facial nerve and painful radiculopathy. Case report. A 44-year-old patient reports fatigue, forgetfulness, headache, confusion, depression, drowsiness, irritability, instability, her undercooks are crushed, sheeps of a bride and does not recall being called an object. Muscular reflexes of the undergrowth are reduced. Plantar response flexion, Lazarevic sign is positive at 45 degrees from the surface. No weakness of the dorsal and plantar flexion of the fingers of the feet. Relieves sensitivity in the region of inertia nerv peroneus and tibialis. Sphincters were fine. The patient had a diagnosed Lyme disease, five months prior to the exacerbation of anxiety. Due to erythema migrans and subfebrility, diagnosis and seropositivity to Borrelia burgdorferi were established in both classes of the enzymelinked immunosorbent assay antibodies and a confirmed Western blot test. She took doxycycline 200 milligrams/day, three weeks. The analysis of cerebrospinal fluid revealed proteinhorn (0.42 g/L), normal glycorrhachia, pleocytosis, and positive intrathecal IgG antibodies. Electromyography pointed to axonal degeneration of the lower extremities. The magnetic resonance is neat. The therapy includes ceftriaxone, 2 grams/day, vitamins and analgesic therapy. Neuroborreliois was maintained by the laboratory during one-year follow-up. Mental disorders, headaches, confusion and irritability, neurological signs have significantly regressed. Conclusion. The gold standard in diagnostics of neuroborelliosis is the determination of intrathecal antibodies. For the definitive diagnosis, clinical signs of disease, pleocytosis and positive antibodies are necessary. Intrathecal antibodies remain long positive and they are not recommended for monitoring for the effects of therapy.
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Rasskazova, E. I. "Inter- and intraindividual approaches to study functional and somatic reactionsof individuals." Experimental Psychology (Russia) 8, no. 3 (2015): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/exppsy.2015080305.
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Paper is devoted to comparisons of inter- and intra-individual approaches to study functional and somatic reactions of individuals to subjective stress in the normative sample. Adult participants (N=79) appraised stress level, experienced somatic symptoms and filled the test of the differentiated assessment of a functional condition within four days in the evenings. In addition, illness frequency and quality of life were estimated. According to the results, appraisals of subjective stress levels, irritability, joints movements’ difficulties, headaches and symptoms that are rare in normative sample should not be averaged due to high variability. Application of the intra-individual approach in addition to the inter-individual one allows revealing cases of individual resistance and mobilization of a functional and somatic condition under the stress. Different patterns of the empirical relationships with illness frequency and quality of life are revealed depending on whether the average estimates of a stress and functioning, or individual sensitivity to a stress are measured.
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Shoaib, Maryam, Muhammad Sohail Tareen, Samia Saifullah, and Fahmida Umar. "Effect of Maternal Migraine during Gestation and Delivery Outcomes." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 12 (2021): 3310–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2115123310.
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Background: Migraine is defined as a condition accompanied with head ache, nausea, visual and sound sensitivity. Objective: To determine the effect of migraine on maternal and neonatal health. Study Design: Case control study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta from 1st August 2018 to 31st August 2021. Methodology: One hundred pregnant women divided into migraine and non-migraine groups were enrolled. Both groups were assessed for their sociodemographic, clinical and biochemical status. Their information was documented. Results: Group I females were above 36 years of age and were in their first trimester. There were 56% women who did not presented visual aura. More irritability, pre-term labour and preeclampsia, risk of C section and hypertension was noticed in group I than Group II. Conclusion: Migraine is linked with higher risk of hypertension, preeclampsia, C section and low birth weight new born. Key words: Migraine, Pregnancy, Low birth weight
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CAVAZZA, MARTA. "LA RECEZIONE DELLA TEORIA HALLERIANA DELL'IRRITABILIT NELL'ACCADEMIA DELLE SCIENZE DI BOLOGNA." Nuncius 12, no. 2 (1997): 359–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/182539197x00762.
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Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title In Italy, the physiological theories of Albrecht von Haller, based on the thesis of the independence of the property of irritability, characteristic of muscles, from sensitivity, characteristic of nerves, and on a refutation of the traditional iatro-mechanical explanation of muscular motion, found numerous supporters and just as many opponents. This gave rise to a heated polemic, which involved numerous physicians, physicists and philosophers. The principal site for this polemic, most acute between 1756 and 1760, was Bologna, a city where the influence of Malpighian iatromechanics was still very strongly felt, but also where Haller's two most ardent supporters, Marc'Antonio Caldani and Felice Fontana, were active. The present study proposes to analyse the reactions of scientific circles in Bologna to this debate, especially for the case of the local Academy of Sciences, and to place them in the context of the continuing dialectic between innovation and tradition that characterised the city.
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Karabasil, Nedjeljko, Mirjana Dimitrijevic, Natasa Kilibarda, Vlado Teodorovic, and Milan Baltic. "Significance of salmonella in pork production chain." Veterinarski glasnik 62, no. 5-6 (2008): 259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl0806259k.
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Animals, feed, meat and meat products are often transported across long distances, being an important part of international trade, which enables a dissemination of salmonella, including even of some resistant strains. Pigs are animals which are difficult to manipulate because of their temperament, build, sharp teeth, irritability, good sense of smell, bad sight and their sensitivity to stress. Animals coming from different farms should be separated in stock yards to prevent both contamination with pathogens such as salmonella and their irritation and aggressiveness caused by contacts with other pigs. These animals are usually a significant reservoir of salmonella which are 'inside' the gastrointestinal tract and gut associated lymph tissue. In contrast to our country, in the EU, even countries which have always had low salmonella prevalence, e.g. Finland, have a control program. The program has to be based on a guarantee that all relevant factors will participate in the prevention of salmonella contamination.
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Aristawidya, Rafika, Indahwati Indahwati, Erfiani Erfiani, Anwar Fitrianto, and Muftih A. A. "PERBANDINGAN ANALISIS REGRESI LOGISTIK BINER DAN NAÏVE BAYES CLASSIFIER UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI FAKTOR RESIKO DIABETES." Jurnal Lebesgue : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Matematika, Matematika dan Statistika 5, no. 2 (2024): 782–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.46306/lb.v5i2.617.
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Diabetes is a global health problem that is increasing in prevalence worldwide. This study compares the performance of two data analysis methods, namely binary logistic regression and naïve bayes classifier in predicting diabetes risk. This study aims to identify factors that significantly affect diabetes risk and classify diabetes risk using binary logistic regression, then compare the classification with the naive bayes classifier algorithm. Binary logistic regression models the relationship between independent predictor variables and binary dependent variables, while naïve bayes classifier uses the assumption of independence between variables. In this study, both methods were evaluated based on accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value. The results show that the factors that influence the risk of diabetes are Age, Gender, Polyuria, Polydipsia, Genital thrush, Itching, Irritability, and Partial paresis. Furthermore, the binary logistic regression results have a higher classification accuracy (92.31%) compared to the naïve bayes classifier (84.61%). Therefore, binary logistic regression was identified as the best method to predict diabetes risk in the context of this study
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Al-Mustafa, Sarab S., and Rayya G. Al-Sultan. "Histological Changes of Liver and Lung Induced by Bisphenol a in Pregnant Mice." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY 12, no. 02 (2022): 678–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.12.2.37.
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The current study was conducted to investigate the tissue lesions induced by Bisphenol (BPA) in pregnant mice. The administration of BPA (450 mg/kg) begins from the seventh to the eighteenth day of pregnancy. The results showed behavioral changes that include increased activity and movement excessive, aggressive behavior and irritability for 15 minutes after the dose, sensitivity and itching in the ear area, and sleeping for several hours with decreased activity and loss of appetite, especially on the 17th and 18th days of pregnancy, bleeding and inflammation in the vaginal area was also observed on the 16th day of pregnancy. On the other hand, the results showed that the weights of pregnant mothers increased with the increase in BPA concentration compared to the control group. Histological changes in the fetus included congestion and swelling of sinusoids, necrosis, degeneration of hepatocytes, and infiltration of mono-nucleated cells. The lung showed destruction of bronchi, and thickening of inflamed cells. Alveolar walls were showed inflammatory cell infiltration and hemorrhage.
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Hussain, Muhammad Ashraf, Sumera Akram, Muhammad Ahmed Khan, Sadaf Nawaz, Shamshad Ali, and Mumtaz Amir. "Neonatal Sepsis; Incidence and Microbiological Profile along with Antibiotic Sensitivity of Causative Microorganisms." Life and Science 4, no. 1 (2023): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.37185/248.
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Objective: To find the incidence of neonatal sepsis, microorganisms involved and their antibiotic sensitivityamong neonates admitted with neonatal sepsis during the study period.Study Design: Prospective observational study.Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of combinedmilitary Hospital (CMH), Kharian, Pakistan from January 2019 to December 2020.Materials and Methods: After getting permission from Ethical Review Board of hospital, all the neonates whowere admitted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of hospital with neonatal sepsis were included in subjectstudy. All the neonates with fever, irritability, difficulty in feeding, respiratory distress, fits, bulging fontanels,jaundice, bleeding etc. were suspected as case of "Neonatal sepsis". Venous blood sample of neonates wasdrawn under aseptic technique and collected in sterile BacT/ALERT (PF) blood collecting culture bottles andsent to laboratory immediately for culture, sensitivity procedure and reporting.Results: A total of 4892 neonates were admitted in neonatal intensive care unit from January 2019 toDecember 2020. Out of these, 342 neonates were clinically diagnosed as cases of neonatal sepsis. Incidence ofneonatal sepsis was 6.99%, comprising 185 males (54.1%) and 157 females (45.9%). The age range was from 2days to 88 days with a mean age 35.47+23.40 days. Staphylococcus aureus was found to be the most commonlyinfectious microorganism (33.9%) followed by Candida species (18.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.5%) andCoagulase negative Staphylococci (12.3%). Non-fermenting Gram negative bacteria were found to be infecting26 (11.5%) out of the total positive cases (Acinetobacter baumannii complex 8.4%, Stenotrophomonasmaltophilia 3.1% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2.6%).Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent organism found to be responsible for neonatalsepsis with majority being resistant to Methicillin. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a100% percent sensitive to vancomycin and Teicoplanin. On the other hand, Gram Negative organisms haveshown promising sensitivity to Colistin.
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Maralov, V. G., and V. A. Sitarov. "POSITIONS OF NON-VIOLENCE AND NON-INTERFERENCE IN STUDENTS: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS." Education and science journal 21, no. 4 (2019): 115–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2019-4-115-138.
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Introduction. The ability to non-violent interaction acts as the most important indicator of professional competency of specialists of “person to person” type occupations: teachers, psychologists, physicians, social workers, etc. Such ability has to be formed at the stage of higher education institution. To build the conditions for development and consolidation in students of the position of non-violence and to neutralise propensity to coercion and manipulation, it is necessary to provide regular monitoring on the identification of prevalent psychological attitudes in students: coercion, manipulation, non-violence, non-interference, including the analysis of their structure and content. However, correctional work with students can become complicated by their internal resistance to the need to change personally, overcoming the developed stereotypes and attitudes, as well as by ambiguity of potential deformations of positions similar to non-violence, but not similar to its positions.The aim of the present research consisted in comparative characteristic of positions of non-violence and non-interference in students of psycho-pedagogical and medical specialties.Methodology and research methods. The methodological framework of the research was based on the provisions of modern philosophy, pedagogics and psychology about non-violence as a universal human value. As a diagnostic tool, the authors designed the questionnaires to identify the types of students’ interaction with people and the positions held by students. The tests of “Motivation to Success” and “Motivation of Failure Avoidance” by T. Ehlers, the test-questionnaire “Readiness for risk” by G. Schubert, “Method for Studying Trust to Own Self” by N. B. Astanina were employed. The total sample involved 362 students of the Moscow University for the Humanities, Cherepovets State University and Ivanovo State Medical Academy. To conduct the comparative analysis, the groups of students with the expressed non-violence position – 81 persons (22.38% of the total sample) and students with the expressed non-interference position – 34 persons (9.39% of the total sample) were allocated. The statistical significance of distinctions was calculated using of the Fisher’s angular transformation. Results and scientific novelty. As a result, it was established that a low level of irritability to people, high sensitivity to people, moderate expressiveness of motivation of success achievement and readiness to take the reasonable risk are common to students with prevalence of the position of non-violence. The respondents of this group demonstrated the dominant need for safety, which is expressed in high sensitivity to threats and choice of adequate ways of reaction in life-threatening situations with the average level of own credibility. The higher potential of irritability, low sensitivity to other people, tendency to failures avoiding and desire not to risk prevail among the students with the expressed position of non-interference. The need for experience of feeling safety, low sensitivity to threats, the aspiration to exaggerate value of dangers and low level of own credibility characterise the students of the group described above. The authors concluded that sensitivity to another person and own credibility act as the key factors, which cause the acceptance by students of the positions of non-violence or non-interference.Practical significance. The received results can be used in the course of formation of students’ ability to non-violent interaction as the most important professional competency of future specialists of “person to person” type occupations.
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Shinzato, Hotaka, Yu Zamami, and Tsuyoshi Kondo. "The 12-Item Self-Rating Questionnaire for Depressive Mixed State (DMX-12) for Screening of Mixed Depression and Mixed Features." Brain Sciences 10, no. 10 (2020): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10100678.
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For simultaneous screening of mixed features (MF) by DSM-5 and mixed depression (MD) by Benazzi, useful symptoms were extracted from our 12-item dimensional scale for depressive mixed state (DMX-12). Subjects were 190 consecutive cases with major depressive episode (MDE) who visited our clinic. Associations between symptomatological combinations of the DMX-12 and MF or MD were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC). The rate of MF was 4.2% while that of MD was 22.6%. Eight symptoms (overreactivity, inner tension, racing/crowded thought, impulsivity, irritability, aggression, risk-taking behavior, and dysphoria) with their AUC > 0.6 for ROC curves were specially focused on distinguishing patients with MF or MD from non-mixed patients. By using these 8 symptoms, 40.5% of the overall patients were screened as positive at the same cut-off value (≥13) for both MD and MF. The AUC of ROC curve and sensitivity/specificity were well balanced together with sufficient negative predictive values. The abovementioned 8 symptoms seem to be helpful for primary screening and negative check of DMX with considerable severity during MDE.
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ZHYTOVA, O. P., and L. P. BUTUZOVA. "The state of psycho-emotional health of students in distance learning conditions." Higher Education of Ukraine in the Context of Integration to European Educational Space 91, (II) 1 (2023): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.38014/osvita.2023.91.04.
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The indicators of psycho-emotional health of students, their emotional states during distance learning were analyzed. Evaluation of the relationship between well-being and psycho-emotional states of students was carried out. It has been established that most students in the process of distance learning show signs of fatigue, which are closely related to states of anxiety, frustration and aggressiveness. Deterioration of the well-being of students during distance learning was noted, which is reflected in physiological (fatigue, sleep disturbances, satisfaction with sexual relations, pain in the eyes, migraines and headaches) and psycho-emotional symptoms (mood swings, irritability and a sense of hopelessness). It is shown that the most important signs of exhaustion of students’ vital forces in the conditions of distance learning are: emotional overstrain, lack of contacts, technical problems, disturbed balance of study and rest, sensitivity to environmental influences. It was found that the majority of students are well aware of the organization of the educational process, and distance learning can act as both a mobilizing and a destabilizing factor.
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Azurin, Edelsa, Anne Kristine Claire Marasigan, and Joanna Valerie Ang. "Clinical and Bacteriologic Profile of Neonatal Sepsis in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A 5-Year Review." Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal 21, no. 2 (2020): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.56964/pidspj20202102005.
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Background: Neonatal sepsis, a clinical syndrome characterized by non-specific signs and symptoms, is the most common cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. It is classified into early or late-onset depending on the onset of symptoms, if within the first 72 hours or later. Early onset sepsis (EOS) occurs due to ascending infection following rupture of membranes or during passage through an infected birth canal. Late onset sepsis (LOS) can be nosocomial or community-acquired. A high index of suspicion and timely and judicious use of antibiotics are needed to achieve good outcomes. Objective: This study looked into the clinical and bacteriologic profile of neonatal sepsis in a tertiary care hospital from January 2013 to December 2017. Methodology: This was a retrospective observational study. Data on maternal risk factors, mode of delivery, gestational age, birth weight, birth setting, clinical manifestations, and blood culture and sensitivity were gathered. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. Results: Majority of cases were late onset sepsis with an equal distribution in those born via normal spontaneous delivery (NSD) and cesarean section (CS). There were more culture- positives in low birth weight (LBW) infants and those not delivered within a hospital. The most common maternal risk factor was UTI. Majority of culture-positive newborns presented with respiratory distress, poor feeding, fever, and irritability with respiratory distress being the most common manifestation for both EOS and LOS. Predominant isolates were CONS, E. coli and Klebsiella sp. Both E. coli and Klebsiella were resistant to both first-line empiric antibiotics – ampicillin and gentamicin but highly sensitive to piperacillin-tazobactam and imipenem. Conclusion: Clinical signs and symptoms of neonatal sepsis are non-specific. The presence of respiratory distress, fever, poor feeding, and irritability together with other risk factors should raise suspicion for sepsis and prompt investigation and treatment. Predominant isolates seen were CONS, E. coli and Klebsiella sp. with resistance to first-line empiric antibiotics.
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Kato, Kelly, Rikki Mangrum, Heather Gerould, et al. "Patient-reported treatment-related symptoms and use of the PRO-CTCAE for multiple myeloma clinical trials: A qualitative interview study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 16_suppl (2024): e19516-e19516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e19516.
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e19516 Background: Therapeutic regimens for multiple myeloma (MM) involve multiple pharmacological agents, including steroids. Many cause treatment-related symptoms that add to patient burden or may trigger treatment cessation. This study gathered qualitative data about the patient experience with MM treatments, including regimens with steroids. Findings were summarized and compared to the Patient Reported Outcome version of the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (PRO-CTCAE), to assess its comprehensiveness and relevance in MM clinical trials. Methods: Individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted virtually with a diverse sample of 16 US-based, English-speaking adults (38% male, 25% Black, 13% Hispanic) to explore their experiences with MM and treatments, including perspectives on steroids and potential benefits of steroid-sparing regimens. Content analysis was used to summarize and compare terminology participants used to describe their experiences with treatments. Results: Participants reported a diverse set of treatment-related symptoms impacting their overall experience, indicating the importance of assessing regimen tolerability in clinical trials. Steroids were linked to increased energy that interfered with sleep or functioning, irritability, taste changes, weight gain, increased appetite, and cognitive symptoms like brain fog. Participants reported that most symptoms were tolerable, but they would prefer to avoid steroids if treatment benefits did not diminish. Many reported symptoms were included in the PRO-CTCAE items (see Table), but several symptoms related to regimens with steroids are not covered: excess energy, bitter/metallic taste, taste sensitivity, brittle nails, irritability, hunger/increased appetite, and muscle weakness. Conclusions: MM patients experience a range of treatment-related symptoms, many of which impact their quality of life. If given the option, patients would prefer a steroid-free regimen if there was proven clinical benefit. While the PRO-CTCAE covers most of the treatment-related symptoms, proving to be an option for multiple myeloma clinical trials, additional PRO instruments may be needed to cover specific gaps in the PRO-CTCAE item library content coverage. [Table: see text]
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Premkumar, Preethi, Andrew K. Dunn, Juliana Onwumere, and Elizabeth Kuipers. "Sensitivity to criticism and praise predicts schizotypy in the non-clinical population: The role of affect and perceived expressed emotion." European Psychiatry 55 (January 2019): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.10.009.
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AbstractBackground:Schizotypy represents a cluster of personality traits consisting of magical beliefs, perceptual aberrations, disorganisation, and anhedonia. Schizotypy denotes a vulnerability for psychosis, one reason being psychosocial stress. High expressed emotion (EE), a rating of high criticism, hostility, and emotional over-involvement from a close relative, denotes psychosocial stress and vulnerability to psychosis, and is associated with schizotypy. This study aimed to decipher the relationship of schizotypy to perceived criticism and perceived praise in terms of affect and perceived EE.Methods:Ninety-eight healthy participants listened to short audio-clips containing criticism, praise, and neutral comments from a stranger, and evaluated them in terms of the comments’ arousal and personal relevance. Participants also answered self-report questionnaires of schizotypy, depression, mood, and perceived EE. Correlational analyses tested the relationship between schizotypy and the evaluations of criticism and praise. Mediation analyses then tested whether depression, positive mood, and perceived EE explained these relationships.Results:Greater relevance of standard criticism correlated with higher positive schizotypy. This association was fully mediated by high depression and perceived irritability from a close relative. Lower relevance of standard praise correlated with higher cognitive disorganisation (another schizotypal trait). This relationship was partially mediated by low positive mood and high perceived intrusiveness from a close relative.Conclusion:Greater perceived criticism and lower perceived praise predict schizotypy in the healthy population. Affect and interpersonal sensitivity towards a close relative explain these relationships, such that depression increases perceived criticism, and positive mood increases perceived praise. Perceived EE defines the interpersonal nature of schizotypy.
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Luo, Xu, Rui Wang, YunXiang Zhou, and Wen Xie. "The relationship between emotional disorders and heart rate variability: A Mendelian randomization study." PLOS ONE 19, no. 3 (2024): e0298998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0298998.
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Objective Previous studies have shown that emotional disorders are negatively associated with heart rate variability (HRV), but the potential causal relationship between genetic susceptibility to emotional disorders and HRV remains unclear. We aimed to perform a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the potential association between emotional disorders and HRV. Methods The data used for this study were obtained from publicly available genome-wide association study datasets. Five models, including the inverse variance weighted model (IVW), the weighted median estimation model (WME), the weighted model-based method (WM), the simple model (SM) and the MR–Egger regression model (MER), were utilized for MR. The leave-one-out sensitivity test, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test (MR-PRESSO) and Cochran’s Q test were used to confirm heterogeneity and pleiotropy. Results MR analysis revealed that genetic susceptibility to broad depression was negatively correlated with HRV (pvRSA/HF) (OR = 0.380, 95% CI 0.146–0.992; p = 0.048). However, genetic susceptibility to irritability was positively correlated with HRV (pvRSA/HF, SDNN) (OR = 2.017, 95% CI 1.152–3.534, p = 0.008) (OR = 1.154, 95% CI 1.000–1.331, p = 0.044). Genetic susceptibility to anxiety was positively correlated with HRV (RMSSD) (OR = 2.106, 95% CI 1.032–4.299; p = 0.041). No significant directional pleiotropy or heterogeneity was detected. The accuracy and robustness of these findings were confirmed through a sensitivity analysis. Conclusions Our MR study provides genetic support for the causal effects of broad depression, irritable mood, and anxiety on HRV.
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Abbasi, Nazia Bashir, Nighat Jabeen, and Shafat Khatoon. "NEONATAL SEPSIS;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 10 (2017): 1455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.10.709.
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Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a systemic condition characterized bybacteremia that occurs in the first month of life. It is a fatal condition and need to be treatedpromptly. Bacterial isolates include both gram positive and negative bacteria and the cureof condition is highly dependent on antimicrobial drug sensitivity and resistant patterns. It isthere for utmost important to known commonly occurring bacteria in neonatal septic statesand their drug sensitivity patterns. Objectives: To determine the frequency of the bacterialisolates in blood and their sensitivity patterns to commonly used antibiotics in neonatal sepsis.Setting: Neonatal intensive care unit(NICU), Department of Shifa International Hospital. (SIH),Islamabad. Study Design: Cross sectional. Duration: This study was conducted between 6 1stJune 2013 to 30th November 2013. Subject and Methods: A total of 180 neonates, admittedin NICU with evidence of clinical sepsis i.e. with signs and symptoms suggestive of septicemia(fever, lethargy, reluctance to feed, seizures, and irritability) were included in this study. Thesamples for blood cultures were taken. Identification of bacterial isolates was carried out by thestandard bacteriological techniques, which include gram staining and bacterial cultures andantimicrobial sensitivity patterns which was performed by modified Kirby and Bauer disc diffusemethod as per CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory StandardsInstitute)guidelines.A predesignedPerforma was filled. Results: Culture revealed bacterial growth in 7.2% samples. Gram negativeorganisms were observed in 6.67% and only 1 were gram positive. In this study, 50% and 100%of E-coli were sensitive to ampicillin, meropenem and amikacin, gentamycin respectively. Sixtyto 100% of pseudomonas was sensitive to ceftazidime, tazobactum, meropenem and 100%of enterococcus was sensitive to ampicillin and vancomycin. Conclusion: Antimicrobial drugresistance and constantly changing resistance patterns is emerging issues in various groupsof infections and septic states, especially for routinely used antibiotics as found in our study.Thus by prescribing rational use of antimicrobial as per bactriogram, It‘ll be easier totreat sepsiseffectively and economically and reduce the mortality and morbidity related to neonatal sepsis.
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Buzina, T. S., and A. S. Abdullaeva. "INDIVIDUAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM HYPERTENSION: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE." PERSONALITY IN A CHANGING WORLD: HEALTH, ADAPTATION, DEVELOPMENT 12, no. 4 (47) (2024): 355–64. https://doi.org/10.23888/humj2024124355-364.
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The article considers the problem of individual psychological characteristics of patients suffering from essential hypertension. Currently, cardiovascular diseases are among the most common. Essential hypertension (EH), which affects approximately 10-15% of the working population, leads to disability of people of working age and an increase in mortality rates. Essential hypertension is the main risk factor for the development of coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular accidents and myocardial infarctions. Some authors point to the decisive importance of individual psychological characteristics of patients for the course and treatment of this disease. The analyzed data of domestic and foreign scientific literature on the individual psychological characteristics of patients diagnosed with hypertension, as well as data on the influence of the psychological structure of the personality on the course of the disease and adherence to treatment are analyzed. Most authors note that patients with EH are characterized by emotional lability, anxiety, irritability, decreased mood, and increased sensitivity. According to numerous empirical data, a connection between psychological factors and exacerbations of hypertension has been established. In addition, these patients have low adherence to treatment. Individual psychological characteristics of patients with hypertension are important for the prognosis, course of the disease, and its outcome.
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Zhang, Suning, Ruman Yan, Siyu Zhang, and Yina Lu. "W/O/W Multiple Emulsified Microcapsules Based on Biopolymer Soybean Isolate Proteins: Improving Tannic Acid’s Biocompatibility and Sustained-Release Performance." Molecules 30, no. 11 (2025): 2373. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30112373.
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Tannic acid (TA) possesses antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial properties. However, its pH sensitivity, protein cross-linking properties, and susceptibility to oxidation restrict its application. To address these challenges, W/O/W multiple emulsified TA microcapsules were developed using soybean protein isolate (SPI) as the natural wall material emulsifier through a two-step emulsification and spray drying process. The encapsulation efficiency of the obtained TA microcapsules was 87.6%, and TA’s thermal stability was significantly improved. TA microcapsules effectively reduced the acidity and irritability of TA, eliminated protein flocculation, and enhanced biocompatibility. Notably, the cell viability of the TA microcapsule (>94%) was significantly higher than free TA (65.6%). The storage stability test revealed that the microcapsules maintained structural integrity, with a retention rate of 96% after 10 days of storage. In vitro release studies of TA microcapsules demonstrated a sustained-release effect within 24 h. Simulated digestion studies further elucidated the protective effect of microcapsules on TA during gastric digestion. These multi-structured microcapsules based on SPI effectively address the limitations associated with TA utilization and enhance its potential for dual oral/transdermal administration in biomedical and cosmetic applications.