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Journal articles on the topic 'Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)'

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Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Guyansyah, Assangga, and ML Edy Parwanto. "Protein pengikat hormon seks: sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) dan aksi steroid seks." Jurnal Biomedika dan Kesehatan 2, no. 1 (2019): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18051/jbiomedkes.2019.v2.45-50.

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Jumlah gen pada manusia sekitar 30 000 gen, salah satunya yaitu gen SHBG (sex hormone binding globulin). Telah terbukti bahwa protein merupakan produk gen. Gen yang diekspresikan berarti mengkode sintesis protein. Pada studi ini mempelajari tentang protein sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) yang merupakan produk gen SHBG. Gen SHBG terletak pada kromosom 17 p 3.1 di setiap sel tubuh kita. Gen SHBG pada hepatosit mengkode protein SHBG, protein tersebut selanjutnya disekresikan ke sistem sirkulasi. Gen SHBG di dalam hepatosit memiliki kesamaan dengan gen androgen binding protein (ABP) di sel Ser

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Dumoulin, Sonia C., Bertrand P. Perret, Antoine P. Bennet, and Philippe J. Caron. "Opposite effects of thyroid hormones on binding proteins for steroid hormones (sex hormone-binding globulin and corticosteroid-binding globulin) in humans." European Journal of Endocrinology 132, no. 5 (1995): 594–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1320594.

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Dumoulin SC, Perret BP, Bennet AP, Caron PJ. Opposite effects of thyroid hormones on binding proteins for steroid hormones (sex hormone-binding globulin and corticosteroid-binding globulin) in humans. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;132:594–8. ISSN 0804–4643 Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) levels were evaluated in euthyroid (N = 111), hyper- (N = 58) and hypothyroid (N = 38) men, in pre- and postmenopausal women (study 1) and in hyper- (N = 24) and hypothyroid (N = 15) patients before and after treatment with carbimazole or levothyroxine therapy (study 2). T

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HILPERT, Jan, Henrik VORUM, Regina BURMEISTER, et al. "Efficient eukaryotic expression system for authentic human sex hormone-binding globulin." Biochemical Journal 360, no. 3 (2001): 609–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3600609.

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Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is the main carrier for androgens and oestrogens in humans. It mediates the transport of steroid hormones in the circulation and testicular fluid, and regulates their bioavailability to steroid-responsive tissues. In addition, the protein interacts with membrane receptors expressed in target tissues. Binding to the receptors is suspected to facilitate the uptake of steroid hormones and/or elicit cellular signal transduction. The identity of the SHBG receptor has not yet been resolved, in part due to a lack of sufficient quantities of authentic SHBG for recep

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4

Winters, Stephen J., Jyothi Gogineni, Marjan Karegar, et al. "Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Gene Expression and Insulin Resistance." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 99, no. 12 (2014): E2780—E2788. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-2640.

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Context: The plasma level of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), a glycoprotein produced by hepatocytes, is subject to genetic, hormonal, metabolic, and nutritional regulation, and is a marker for the development of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Objective: Because the mechanism for these associations is unclear, and no studies of SHBG gene expression in humans have been published, SHBG mRNA was measured in human liver samples and related to anthropometric data. Setting: Inpatients at a private, nonprofit, university-associated hospital were studied. Participants: Subjects were fifty fi

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5

Misao, Ryou, Naoki Itoh, Hidehiro Mori, Jiro Fujimoto, and Teruhiko Tamaya. "Sex hormone-binding globulin mRNA levels in human uterine endometrium." European Journal of Endocrinology 131, no. 6 (1994): 623–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1310623.

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Misao R, Itoh N, Mori H, Fujimoto J, Tamaya T. Sex hormone-binding globulin mRNA levels in human uterine endometrium. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;131:623–9. ISSN 0804–4643 Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a specific steroid hormone-binding protein that plays a role in transporting dihydrotestosterone, testosterone and estradiol-17β (E2), altering their concentration in blood and influencing their biological action. Recently it has been reported that immunoreactive SHBG is localized in target tissues and that SHBG mRNA was identified in human endometrial and prostatic cell lines. In the present

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Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Dhayana Dallmeier, Michael D. Denkinger, et al. "Physical Activity and Sex Hormone–Binding Globulin in Older Adults." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 27, no. 5 (2019): 621–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.2018-0171.

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Besides its known function as a transport protein for testosterone and other steroid hormones, sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) is a biomarker associated with many adverse health effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of physical activity with SHBG serum levels in older adults. The physical activity and SHBG values for 1,259 older adults (43.4% female; 56.6% male) with a mean age of 75.6 ± 6.5 years were included in the analysis. The average daily walking duration was 104.2 ± 40.4 (mean ± SD) min. A positive dose–response relationship of daily walking duration wit

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Kahn, SM, DJ Hryb, AM Nakhla, NA Romas, and W. Rosner. "Sex hormone-binding globulin is synthesized in target cells." Journal of Endocrinology 175, no. 1 (2002): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1750113.

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Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a multifunctional protein that acts in humans to regulate the response to steroids at several junctures. It was originally described as a hepatically secreted protein that is the major binding protein for sex steroids in plasma, thereby regulating the availability of free steroids to hormone-responsive tissues. SHBG also functions as part of a novel steroid-signaling system that is independent of the classical intracellular steroid receptors. Unlike the intracellular steroid receptors that are ligand-activated transcription factors, SHBG mediates androgen

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Bobe, Julien, Sophie Mahé, Thaovi Nguyen, et al. "A Novel, Functional, and Highly Divergent Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin that May Participate in the Local Control of Ovarian Functions in Salmonids." Endocrinology 149, no. 6 (2008): 2980–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-1652.

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A cDNA encoding for a novel rainbow trout SHBG was identified and characterized. Phylogenetic analysis showed that this novel SHBG, named SHBGb, was a highly divergent paralog of the classical SHBG (SHBGa) form previously known in vertebrates including zebrafish, seabass, and rainbow trout. Using all available sequences, no SHBGb-like sequence could be identified in any fish species besides Atlantic salmon. Rainbow trout SHBGa and SHBGb share only 26% sequence identity at the amino acid level and exhibit totally distinct tissue distribution, thus demonstrating a functional shift of SHBGb. Inde

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Lee, Sang R., Young Ho Lee, Hyun Yang, et al. "Sex hormone-binding globulin suppresses NAFLD-triggered hepatocarcinogenesis after menopause." Carcinogenesis 40, no. 8 (2019): 1031–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgz107.

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Abstract It is generally accepted that androgen receptors increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and that estrogen reduces risk of HCC. Many studies regarding this have involved males. We, therefore, have focused our attention on females, especially postmenopausal females, who typically have limited supplies of estrogen. By using sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) transgenic mice, we produced a humanoid environment, and facilitated deposition and modulation of sex hormones. After exposure to diethylnitrosamine to induce HCC and upon reaching the age of 40 weeks, mice were fed th

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Miguel-Queralt, Solange, and Geoffrey L. Hammond. "Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin in Fish Gills Is a Portal for Sex Steroids Breached by Xenobiotics." Endocrinology 149, no. 9 (2008): 4269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-0384.

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As in most vertebrates, plasma sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is produced in fish liver and regulates sex steroid access to target tissues. Low levels of SHBG mRNA are present in zebra fish gills but are unlikely to account for the high amounts of immunoreactive SHBG in filaments and lamellae. Although the uptake of steroids by fish from water has been reported to correlate with their affinity for SHBG, it is not known how this occurs. Our studies of zebra fish SHBG have revealed its preference for biological active androgen (testosterone), as well as for androstenedione, a sex steroid pr

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Li, Huika, Thy Pham, Brett C. McWhinney, et al. "Sex Hormone Binding Globulin Modifies Testosterone Action and Metabolism in Prostate Cancer Cells." International Journal of Endocrinology 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6437585.

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Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) is the major serum carrier of sex hormones. However, growing evidence suggests that SHBG is internalised and plays a role in regulating intracellular hormone action. This study was to determine whether SHBG plays a role in testosterone uptake, metabolism, and action in the androgen sensitive LNCaP prostate cancer cell line. Internalisation of SHBG and testosterone, the effects of SHBG on testosterone uptake, metabolism, regulation of androgen responsive genes, and cell growth were assessed. LNCaP cells internalised SHBG by a testosterone independent process.

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12

Niemi, S., O. Mäentausta, N. J. Bolton, and G. L. Hammond. "Time-resolved immunofluorometric assay of sex-hormone binding globulin." Clinical Chemistry 34, no. 1 (1988): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/34.1.63.

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Abstract A time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (trlFMA) for human sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is described in which antibody-coated tubes or microliter strip-wells and a europium (Eu) chelate-labeled monoclonal antibody are used. The trlFMA sensitivity is similar to that of other SHBG immunoassays, and other analytical variables compare favorably with an SHBG immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) kit and a steroid binding capacity assay: the interassay coefficient of variation (CV) is less than 8% and the intra-assay CV is less than 6% for concentrations between 6 and 200 nmol/L. The refer

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13

Ryzhkov, A. I., S. Yu Sokolova, and I. S. Shormanov. "Physiological role and clinical significance of sex hormone binding globulin in men." Experimental and Сlinical Urology 17, no. 2 (2024): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29188/2222-8543-2024-17-2-45-51.

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The main physiological functions of globulin that binds sex hormones (SHBG) in the male body are the transport of sex steroids in hydrophilic blood and the creation of a buffer system that smooths out fluctuations in the concentration of free testosterone. In addition, sex hormone binding globulin can limit the biological activity of sex steroids by reducing the concentration of the free fraction of the hormone, but only when the hypothalamicpituitary-testicular axis is non-functioning or inadequately functioning. If the negative feedback mechanism works correctly, the concentration of SHBG wi

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Miguel-Queralt, Solange, Michelle Knowlton, George V. Avvakumov, Rana Al-Nouno, Greg M. Kelly, and Geoffrey L. Hammond. "Molecular and Functional Characterization of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin in Zebrafish." Endocrinology 145, no. 11 (2004): 5221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2004-0678.

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Abstract SHBG (sex hormone binding globulin) transports androgens and estrogens in the blood of vertebrates including fish. Orthologs of SHBG in fish are poorly defined, and we have now obtained a zebrafish SHBG cDNA and characterized the zebrafish SHBG gene and protein through molecular biological, biochemical, and informatics approaches. Amino-terminal analysis of zebrafish SHBG indicated that its deduced precursor sequence includes a 25-residue secretion polypeptide and exhibits 22–27% homology with mammalian SHBG sequences and 41% with a deduced fugufish SHBG sequence. The 356-residue matu

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Arathimos, Ryan, Louise A. C. Millard, Joshua A. Bell, Caroline L. Relton, and Matthew Suderman. "Impact of sex hormone-binding globulin on the human phenome." Human Molecular Genetics 29, no. 11 (2020): 1824–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddz269.

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Abstract Background: Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a circulating glycoprotein and a regulator of sex hormone levels, which has been shown to influence various traits and diseases. The molecular nature of SHBG makes it a feasible target for preventative or therapeutic interventions. A systematic study of its effects across the human phenome may uncover novel associations. Methods: We used a Mendelian randomization phenome-wide association study (MR-pheWAS) approach to systematically appraise the potential functions of SHBG while reducing potential biases such as confounding and reverse

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Selva, David M., та Geoffrey L. Hammond. "Peroxisome-Proliferator Receptor γ Represses Hepatic Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Expression". Endocrinology 150, № 5 (2009): 2183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-1289.

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Plasma SHBG production by the liver is influenced by its metabolic state, and hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α regulates SHBG expression in response to changes in lipogenesis. Peroxisome-proliferator receptors (PPARs) also regulate glucose homeostasis and fatty acid metabolism. The human SHBG promoter contains a PPAR-response element (PPAR-RE), and plasma SHBG levels increase in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients treated with the PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone. In addition, plasma SHBG levels are associated with a genetic polymorphism in the PPARγ-2 coding sequence that alters its transcriptional

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Cooke, R. R., J. E. McIntosh, and R. P. Murray-McIntosh. "Effect of cortisol on percentage of non-sex-hormone-bound steroid: implications for distribution of steroids on binding proteins in serum." Clinical Chemistry 42, no. 2 (1996): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/42.2.249.

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Abstract We previously observed that in men concentrations of serum testosterone (T) not bound to sex-hormone-binding globulin (n-SHBGT) decreased as concentrations of cortisol increased in early morning. This led us to investigate in vitro the influence of several steroids on protein-bound T. Steroids were added to late-evening sera containing low concentrations of cortisol. Changes were measured in percent T or estradiol not bound to SHBG (%n-SHBGT or %n-SHBGE). Results were compared with computer simulations of a mass action model describing current understanding of steroid binding to serum

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Misao, Ryou, Yoshihito Nakanishi, Jiro Fujimoto, Masashi Hori, Satoshi Ichigo, and Teruhiko Tamaya. "Expression of sex hormone-binding globulin mRNA in human ovarian cancers." European Journal of Endocrinology 133, no. 3 (1995): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1330327.

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Misao R, Nakanishi Y, Fujimoto J. Hori M, Ichigo S, Tamaya T. Expression of sex hormone-binding globulin mRNA in human ovarian cancers. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;133:327–34. ISSN 0804–4643 To know the role of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in the intracellular steroidal actions in human ovarian cancers, the expression of SHBG mRNA as a substitute for intracellular SHBG expression was investigated in normal ovarian tissues and ovarian tumors. In the present study, we used competitive reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction–Southern blot analysis to evaluate SHBG mRNA levels. The expres

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Dubrovina, S. O. "Androgen status in peri- and postmenopausal women: emphasizing key points." Voprosy ginekologii, akušerstva i perinatologii 23, no. 5 (2024): 54–64. https://doi.org/10.20953/1726-1678-2024-5-54-64.

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Peri- and postmenopause are associated with hormonal imbalance. A decrease in estrogen levels leads to a reduction in liver synthesis of the major carrier of sex hormones, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Since androgen levels do not decline with age as rapidly as estrogen levels, there is an increase in the ratio of androgens to estrogens and the development of relative hyperandrogenism. There is a category of women with absolute hyperandrogenism, but the prevalence of this condition during peri- and postmenopause does not exceed 10%. Hypoandrogenism in women leads to apathy, loss of libi

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Le, Shenglong, Leiting Xu, Moritz Schumann, et al. "Does sex hormone-binding globulin cause insulin resistance during pubertal growth?" Endocrine Connections 8, no. 5 (2019): 510–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-19-0044.

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Background The directional influences between serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), adiposity and insulin resistance during pubertal growth remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate bidirectional associations between SHBG and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and adiposity from childhood to early adulthood. Methods Participants were 396 healthy girls measured at baseline (age 11.2 years) and at 1, 2, 4 and 7.5 years. Serum concentrations of estradiol, testosterone and SHBG were determined by ELISA, glucose and insulin by enzymatic photometry, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)

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Stangl, Theresa A., Chantal M. Wiepjes, Annemieke C. Heijboer, and Martin den Heijer. "The influence of gender-affirming hormone therapy on serum concentrations of hormone-binding proteins." European Journal of Endocrinology 192, no. 5 (2025): 614–20. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejendo/lvaf038.

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Abstract Background Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), thyroid-binding globulin (TBG), sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG), and insulin-like growth factor–binding protein 3 (IGF-BP3) regulate the bioavailability and transport of hormones, affecting hormone concentration measurements and therapy plans. This study investigates to what extent gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) impacts serum concentrations of these binding proteins. Methods This prospective study included 41 transfeminine persons starting oral or transdermal 17β-estradiol in combination with cyproterone acetate (CPA) or g

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Ottarsdottir, Kristin, Margareta Hellgren, David Bock, Anna G. Nilsson, and Bledar Daka. "Longitudinal associations between sex hormone-binding globulin and insulin resistance." Endocrine Connections 9, no. 5 (2020): 418–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-20-0141.

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Purpose We aimed to investigate the association between SHBG and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-Ir) in men and women in a prospective observational study. Methods The Vara-Skövde cohort is a random population of 2816 participants living in southwestern Sweden, aged 30–74. It was recruited between 2002 and 2005, and followed up in 2012–2014. After excluding participants on insulin therapy or hormone replacement therapy, 1193 individuals (649 men, 544 women) were included in the present study. Fasting blood samples were collected at both visits and stored in biobank

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Grasa, María del Mar, José Gulfo, Núria Camps, et al. "Modulation of SHBG binding to testosterone and estradiol by sex and morbid obesity." European Journal of Endocrinology 176, no. 4 (2017): 393–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-16-0834.

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ObjectiveSex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) binds and transports testosterone and estradiol in plasma. The possibility that SHBG is a mixture of transporting proteins has been postulated. We analyzed in parallel the effects of obesity status on the levels and binding capacity of circulating SHBG and their relationship with testosterone and estradiol.DesignAnthropometric measures and plasma were obtained from apparently healthy young (i.e. 35 ± 7 years) premenopausal women (n = 32) and men (n = 30), with normal weight and obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2).MethodsSHBG protein (Western blot), as well a

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Dinakaran, Asha, AR Srinivasan, Reeta Rajagambeeram, Sunil Kumar Nanda, and Mary Daniel. "SHBG and Insulin Resistance - Nexus revisited." Bioinformation 20, no. 8 (2024): 816–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/973206300200816.

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Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is a liver-synthesized glycoprotein. Low SHBG levels are associated with insulin resistance (IR). Specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SHBG gene are linked to IR. Therefore, it is of interest to provide a review on the comprehensive overview for SHBG related to IR.

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Round, Phillip, Samir Das, Tsung-Sheng Wu, Kristiina Wähälä, Filip Van Petegem, and Geoffrey L. Hammond. "Molecular interactions between sex hormone–binding globulin and nonsteroidal ligands that enhance androgen activity." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 5 (2019): 1202–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra119.011051.

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Sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) determines the equilibrium between free and protein-bound androgens and estrogens in the blood and regulates their access to target tissues. Using crystallographic approaches and radiolabeled competitive binding-capacity assays, we report here how two nonsteroidal compounds bind to human SHBG, and how they influence androgen activity in cell culture. We found that one of these compounds, (−)3,4-divanillyltetrahydrofuran (DVT), present in stinging nettle root extracts and used as a nutraceutical, binds SHBG with relatively low affinity. By contrast, a synthet

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Ma, Hanghao, and Yan Chen. "Examining the causal relationship between sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and infertility: A Mendelian randomization study." PLOS ONE 19, no. 6 (2024): e0304216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0304216.

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Background The causal relationship between sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and infertility has remained unclear. Thus, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate this relationship. Methods Risk factors for SHBG were extracted from European individuals within the UK Biobank using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. Summary-level data for infertility outcomes were obtained from the FinnGen dataset. The causal relationship between SHBG and infertility was examined using inverse variance weighted, weighted model, weighted median, and MR-Egger regression analyses. Additionally,

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De Toni, Luca, Diego Guidolin, Vincenzo De Filippis, et al. "Osteocalcin and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin Compete on a Specific Binding Site of GPRC6A." Endocrinology 157, no. 11 (2016): 4473–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2016-1312.

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The undercarboxylated form of osteocalcin (ucOC) regulates male fertility and energy metabolism, acting through the G protein-coupled receptor (GPRC)6A, thus forming a new pancreas-bone-testis axis. Recently, GPRC6A has also been suggested to mediate the nongenomic responses of free testosterone (T). However, these data did not consider the physiological scenario, where circulating T is mainly bound to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and only a small percentage circulates freely in the blood. Here, by the use of computational modelling, we document the existence of similar structural moiet

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Hussain, Nayab, Muhammad Usman Munir, Muhammad Qaiser Alam Khan, Zujaja Hina Haroon, and Mohammad Younas. "ROLE OF SEX HORMONE BINDING GLOBULIN AS AN INDICATOR OF INSULIN RESISTANCE." Pakistan Journal of Pathology 34, no. 1 (2023): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.55629/pakjpathol.v34i1.747.

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Objective: To determine the role of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) in cases of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance among our population. Material and Methods: It was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted at Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, from Jun 2022 – Dec 2022. Study is comprised of total 90 samples consisting of both males and females. Study individuals were categorized as Pre-Diabetic and Diabetic according to their fasting plasma glucose levels. Fasting plasma insulin levels were done on Advia Centaur XP

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Alquraini, Ali. "Potency of Hexaconazole to Disrupt Endocrine Function with Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 4 (2023): 3882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043882.

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Hexaconazole is widely used as a fungicide for agricultural purposes. However, the endocrine-disrupting potential of hexaconazole is still under investigation. In addition, an experimental study found that hexaconazole may disrupt the normal synthesis of steroidal hormones. The potency of hexaconazole to bind with sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), a plasma carrier protein that binds androgens and oestrogens, is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of hexaconazole to bind with SHBG by molecular interaction, a molecular dynamics method. In addition, principal component analysis w

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Szybiak-Skora, Weronika, Wojciech Cyna, and Katarzyna Lacka. "New Insights in the Diagnostic Potential of Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG)—Clinical Approach." Biomedicines 13, no. 5 (2025): 1207. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13051207.

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SHBG is a glycoprotein that not only controls serum sex hormone levels but is also strongly correlated with metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular risk, thyroid function, gynecological conditions, and even the process of carcinogenesis. Synthesis of SHBG is controlled by many factors related to obesity, lipogenesis, inflammatory status, and genetic predisposition. By influencing the bioavailability of sex hormones, SHBG regulates their effects not only on the reproductive system, but also cardiomyocytes, vascular epithelium, and more. In this review, we aim to gather and summarize current knowledg

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Lee, W. M., A. S. T. Wong, A. W. K. Tu, C.-H. Cheung, J. C. H. Li, and G. L. Hammond. "Rabbit sex hormone binding globulin: primary structure, tissue expression, and structure/function analyses by expression in Escherichia coli." Journal of Endocrinology 153, no. 3 (1997): 373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1530373.

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Abstract Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is a homodimeric plasma protein found in mammals that binds sex steroids with high affinity and regulates their bioavailability. The protein is identical in structure and properties to the androgen binding protein (ABP) found in the male reproductive tract. We have isolated a 1245-base pair rabbit SHBG cDNA encoding a reading frame for a signal peptide followed by a protein of 367 amino acids, which shares 79·0, 68·1 and 63·2% amino acid identity with the corresponding human, rat and mouse proteins respectively. Northern blot and hot-nested PCR anal

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Grigorova, Marina, Margus Punab, Olev Poolamets, Mart Adler, Vladimir Vihljajev, and Maris Laan. "Genetics of Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and Testosterone Levels in Fertile and Infertile Men of Reproductive Age." Journal of the Endocrine Society 1, no. 6 (2017): 560–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/js.2017-00050.

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Context: Testosterone (T) is a central androgenic hormone, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is the major determinant of its bioactivity. There are no acknowledged genetic variants with clear-cut clinical implications, modulating T levels in men. Objective: To confirm genetic associations of top loci (SHBG, GCKR, SLCO1B1, and JMJD1C) from genome-wide association (GWA) studies for serum SHBG and T. Design, Patients: Groups differing in general and reproductive parameters: young men (n = 540; 19.3 ± 1.8 years), severe idiopathic male infertility patients (n = 641; 31.6 ± 6.0 years), and ma

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Schöttner, Matthias, Dietmar Ganßer, and Gerhard Spitelle. "Interaction of Lignans with Human Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG)." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 52, no. 11-12 (1997): 834–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1997-11-1218.

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Abstract Lignans bind to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG ). The lignan with the highest binding affinity is (±)-3,4-divanillyltetrahydrofuran. In a double Stobbe condensation - without use of protecting groups - a wide variety of lignans with different substitution pattern in the aromatic and aliphatic part of the molecule was synthesized. These lignans were tested in a SHBG -binding assay which allowed to deduce the following relationship between structure and activity: 1) (±)-diastereoisomers are more active than meso compounds 2.) the 4-hydroxy- 3-methoxy (guajacyl) substitution pattern

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Park, Gihong, Kyungchul Song, Youngha Choi, et al. "Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Is Associated with Obesity and Dyslipidemia in Prepubertal Children." Children 7, no. 12 (2020): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children7120272.

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Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is associated with age, sex, and puberty. The association of SHBG with various diseases has been suggested nowadays, however, the relationships in prepubertal children have not been sufficiently investigated. This study analyzed the relationship of SHBG with body mass index (BMI) and plasma lipid levels in prepubertal children. We evaluated the association of SHBG with BMI among the 693 prepubertal children subdivided into normal, overweight, and obese groups, with plasma lipid levels among the children subdivided into normal and dyslipidemia groups. The obe

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Lee, Sang R., Su Hee Jeong, Jun H. Heo та ін. "Dietary Intake of 17α-Ethinylestradiol Promotes HCC Progression in Humanized Male Mice Expressing Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, № 22 (2021): 12557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212557.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a male-oriented malignancy; its progression is affected by sex hormones. 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) is a synthetic estrogen widely used as an oral contraceptive; however, it is unknown whether EE2 regulates sex hormone action in HCC. We investigated whether EE2 influences HCC risk in male androgenic environments, using mice expressing human sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Two-week-old male mice were injected with diethyl-nitrosamine (DEN, 25 mg/kg) and fed an EE2 diet for 10 weeks from 30 weeks of age. Development and characteristics of liver cancer were

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Sá, Emmanuela Quental Callou de, Francisco Carleial Feijó de Sá, Kelly Cristina Oliveira, Fausto Feres, and Ieda Therezinha Nascimento Verreschi. "Association between sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and metabolic syndrome among men." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 132, no. 2 (2014): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2014.1322666.

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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Metabolic syndrome consists of a set of factors that imply increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The objective here was to evaluate the association between sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), sex hormones and metabolic syndrome among men. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective analysis on data from the study "Endogenous oestradiol but not testosterone is related to coronary artery disease in men", conducted in a hospital in São Paulo. METHODS: Men (aged 40-70) who underwent coronary angiography were selected. The age, weight, height, waist circumference, body mass index

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Hammond, G. L., and M. S. Langley. "Identification and measurement of sex hormone binding globulin1 (SHBG) and corticosteroid binding globulin2 (CBG) in human saliva." Acta Endocrinologica 112, no. 4 (1986): 603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1120603.

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Abstract. Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) were detected by specific immunoassays in mixed-saliva taken from normal men and women. The immunochemical identity of both proteins was demonstrated by parallelism between dose response curves generated by serial dilutions of saliva and standards in the immunoassays. In addition, the specific removal of both proteins by incubation with steroid affinity-chromatography gels demonstrated the integrity of their steroid binding activity. The mean ± sd concentrations of SHBG (pmol/l) and CBG (μg/l) in mixed-sali

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Fortunati, N., M. G. Catalano, G. Boccuzzi, and R. Frairia. "Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG), estradiol and breast cancer." Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 316, no. 1 (2010): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2009.09.012.

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Schederecker, Florian, Alexander Cecil, Cornelia Prehn, et al. "Sex hormone-binding globulin, androgens and mortality: the KORA-F4 cohort study." Endocrine Connections 9, no. 4 (2020): 326–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-20-0080.

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Objective Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and androgens have been associated with mortality in women and men, but controversy still exists. Our objective was to investigate associations of SHBG and androgens with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in men and women. Design 1006 men and 709 peri- and postmenopausal women (age range: 45–82 years) from the German population-based KORA F4 cohort study were followed-up for a median of 8.7 years. Methods SHBG was measured with an immunoassay, total testosterone (TT) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) with mass-spectrometry in serum samples and we

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Selva, David M., та Geoffrey L. Hammond. "Thyroid hormones act indirectly to increase sex hormone-binding globulin production by liver via hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α". Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 43, № 1 (2009): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme-09-0025.

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Thyroid hormones increase hepatic sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) production, which is also regulated by hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF-4α) in response to changes in the metabolic state of the liver. Since the human SHBG promoter lacks a typical thyroid hormone response element, and because thyroid hormones influence metabolic state, we set out to determine whether thyroid hormones mediate SHBG expression indirectly via changes in HNF-4α levels in HepG2 human hepatoblastoma cells, and in the livers of transgenic mice that express a 4.3 kb human SHBG transgene under the control of its ow

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Basualto-Alarcón, Carla, Paola Llanos, Gerardo García-Rivas, et al. "Classic and Novel Sex Hormone Binding Globulin Effects on the Cardiovascular System in Men." International Journal of Endocrinology 2021 (July 21, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5527973.

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In men, 70% of circulating testosterone binds with high affinity to plasma sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), which determines its bioavailability in their target cells. In recent years, a growing body of evidence has shown that circulating SHBG not only is a passive carrier for steroid hormones but also actively regulates testosterone signaling through putative plasma membrane receptors and by local expression of androgen-binding proteins apparently to reach local elevated testosterone concentrations in specific androgen target tissues. Circulating SHBG levels are influenced by metabolic an

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Siddiqui, Khalid, Khalid Al-Rubeaan, Shaik Nawaz, Khaled Aburisheh, Anas Alaabdin, and Ibrahim Tolba. "Serum Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) Relation with Different Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Men with Type 2 Diabetes." Hormone and Metabolic Research 50, no. 02 (2017): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-123348.

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AbstractSex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is demonstrated to be decreased in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of SHBG in relation to MetS components among men with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This cross-sectional study was carried out among 429 Saudi T2D male patients aged >30 years. Metabolic syndrome was defined using International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, albumin, and lipid parameter were measured. Gonadal hormones, namely total testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), folli

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Saruwatari, J., Y. Uchiyashiki, A. Kajiwara, et al. "A Possible Association of Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin with Weight Gain in the Valproic Acid-Treated Female Patients with Epilepsy." International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology 3, no. 1 (2014): 106–10. https://doi.org/10.19070/2167-910X-1400020.

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Weight gain is a common adverse consequence of treatment with valproic acid. Although a low sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) level was shown to be an independent risk factor for the development of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes in the general population, there is presently no data available regarding the association between the SHBG level and valproic acid-induced weight gain. The association between the plasma SHBG level and being overweight was retrospectively investigated in 46 valproic acid-treated and 59 carbamazepine-treated patients with epilepsy. Among the fem

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Cunningham, Sean K., Therese Loughlin, Marie Culliton, and T. Joseph McKenna. "The Relationship between Sex Steroids and Sex-Hormone-Binding Globulin in Plasma in Physiological and Pathological Conditions." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 22, no. 5 (1985): 489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000456328502200504.

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Physiological and many pathological changes in plasma sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels have been attributed to the opposing effects of androgens which lower, and oestrogens which elevate, levels. We examined four clinical situations in which changes in SHBG levels may not be explained by sex steroid alterations. (1) Dexamethasone caused an increase in SHBG levels in hyperandrogenaemic hirsute women whether or not androgens were suppressed. (2) In male patients with untreated isolated gonadotrophin deficiency there was a highly significant correlation between SHBG levels and age, but

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Gershagen, S., and P. Fernlund. "Immunoradiometric assay of sex-hormone binding globulin with use of two different monoclonal antibodies." Clinical Chemistry 32, no. 1 (1986): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/32.1.130.

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Abstract Two monoclonal antibodies (MK1 and MK2) reacting with human sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were obtained from mice hybridomas. The dissociation constants for the binding of SHBG to MK1 and MK2 were 7.5 and 75 pmol/L, respectively. MK1 was coupled to polyacrylamide beads with a yield of 37%, resulting in 15 mg of antibody per gram of beads. The maximal binding of SHBG by the MK1-beads was 16% of the theoretical capacity. The amount of 125l-labeled MK2 bound to MK1-beads was related to the amount of SHBG present. The system has been used for the immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) of SH

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Barlow, John W., Timothy C. Crowe, Neil L. Cowen, Lorna E. Raggatt, Duncan J. Topliss, and Jan R. Stockigt. "Stimulation of sex hormone-binding globulin mRNA and attenuation of corticosteroid-binding globulin mRNA by triiodothyronine in human hepatoma cells." European Journal of Endocrinology 130, no. 2 (1994): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1300166.

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Barlow JW, Crowe TC, Cowen NL, Raggatt LE, Topliss DJ, Stockigt JR. Stimulation of sex hormone-binding globulin mRNA and attenuation of corticosteroid-binding globulin mRNA by triiodothyronine in human hepatoma cells. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:166–70. ISSN 0804–4643 We examined the time course and dose response of the triiodothyronine (T3) effect on mRNAs for sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) in cells of the human hepatoma line HepG2. After 7 h of exposure to a saturating dose of T3, SHBG mRNA was unchanged but increased to 1.5±0.1 times the unstimul

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Birkebæk, N. H., A. Lange, P. Holland-Fischer, et al. "Effect of weight reduction on insulin sensitivity, sex hormone-binding globulin, sex hormones and gonadotrophins in obese children." European Journal of Endocrinology 163, no. 6 (2010): 895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-10-0538.

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ObjectiveObesity in men is associated with reduced insulin sensitivity and hypoandrogenism, while obesity in women is associated with reduced insulin sensitivity and hyperandrogenism. In children, the effect of obesity and weight reduction on the hypothalamo-pituitary–gonadal axis is rarely investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of weight reduction in obese Caucasian children on insulin sensitivity, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), DHEAS and the hypothalamo-pituitary–gonadal axis.MethodsOne hundred and sixteen (65 females) obese children with a median age

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Mohammadrezaei, Ali, Abnoos Mokhtari Ardekani, Mahdieh Abbasalizad-Farhangi, Mehran Mesgari-Abbasi, and Reihaneh Mousavi. "Association Between Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Atherogenic Indices of Plasma Among Young Sedentary Males." Nutrition and Metabolic Insights 16 (January 2023): 117863882311550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786388231155006.

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Background: Males are more likely than females to suffer from cardiovascular disease (CVD). So, sex hormones may modify these variations and affect the lipid profile. We examined the relationship between sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and CVD risk factors among young males in this study. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, we measured total testosterone, SHBG, lipids, glucose, insulin, antioxidant parameters, and anthropometric factors in 48 young males in the age range of 18 to 40 years. Atherogenic indices of plasma were calculated. In this study, a partial correlation analysis was

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Lee, Jennifer S., Andrea Z. LaCroix, LieLing Wu, et al. "Associations of Serum Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and Sex Hormone Concentrations with Hip Fracture Risk in Postmenopausal Women." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 93, no. 5 (2008): 1796–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2007-2358.

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Abstract Context: Endogenous estradiol, testosterone, and SHBG may influence the risk of hip fracture. Design and Methods: From the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study, 39,793 eligible postmenopausal women did not have a previous hip fracture and were not using estrogen or other bone-active therapies. Of these, 400 who had a first-time nonpathological hip fracture (median follow-up, 7 yr) were matched to 400 controls by age, ethnicity, and baseline blood draw date. Estradiol, testosterone, and SHBG were measured in banked baseline serum. Results: Compared with women in the lowest ter

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Aydin, Banu, and Stephen J. Winters. "Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A Focus on Puberty." Metabolites 15, no. 8 (2025): 494. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15080494.

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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of conditions, including obesity, insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia, and hypertension, that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). While studied often in adults, the increasing prevalence of MetS in children and adolescents underscores the need for its early detection and intervention. Among various biomarkers, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) has gained substantial attention due to its associations with metabolic health and disease. This review provides a comprehensive overview of SHBG and its associ

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