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1
Christensen, Mathew. "Forced Sexual Intercourse in Relation to Female Adolescents' Risky Sexual Behavior, Psychopathology, and Behavior Problems." DigitalCommons@USU, 1999. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2459.
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During 1995, over 20,000 adolescents completed the in-home interview for The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). One question asked females if they had ever been forced to have sexual intercourse (FSI). In addition, they were asked about other sexual behavior, their psychological well-being, and behavior problems. The present study examines the associations between FSI and 26 outcome variables, comparing adolescent females who reported FSI with females who reported voluntary intercourse, and with females who reported no intercourse. In addition, the large Add Health sample allowed comparisons between five race/ethnicity groups and four adolescent groups broken down by age.
Psychological and emotional correlates of sexual abuse have been widely documented, but until now, studies of sexual abuse had largely consisted of small samples of mostly White females with limited generalizability. The Add Health sample was large enough to go beyond psychopathology to include risky sexual behavior, and behavior problems. The Add Health sample is representative of the overall population of adolescents in the United States during the mid 1990s.
Results showed that females forced to have intercourse have earlier and more frequent risky sexual behavior, more severe symptoms of psychopathology, and were much more likely to report behavior problems such as smoking, drinking, and drug use (a finding that has been largely unreported) than were females who reported no intercourse. Drug use was the variable on which females who reported forced intercourse and those who reported no intercourse differed most. Females who reported FSI were five times more likely to have reported illicit drug use than were females who reported no intercourse. Asian and White females who reported forced intercourse had the greatest vulnerability for negative outcomes, while African American females who reported forced intercourse had the greatest resilience against negative outcomes. Among female adolescents who reported forced intercourse, the youngest (ages 12, 13, and 14 years) were the most vulnerable to experience severe psychopathology and to report cigarette smoking and drinking alcohol.
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JENKINS, DANELLE N. "COLLEGE FEMALES' SEXUAL KNOWLEDGE, BELIEFS AND BEHAVIORS RELATED TO THE PREVENTION OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1123617019.
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Klepper, Josie. "Examining the Relationship between Physical and Sexual Abuse and Mental Illnesses Among Female Inmates: Revising the Mental Health Care Process in Prisons." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/341.
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Females are becoming a prominent population within America’s correctional facilities, which has led to incarcerated females increasingly becoming the popular subjects of more recent research. Along with the growing population of female inmates, the rates of sexual and physical victimization reported by incarcerated females is rapidly growing. The purpose of this project is to evaluate the pre-established correlation between mental health diagnoses, and the prior physical and/or sexual abuse of female inmates within the custody of correctional institutions, outline the current treatment process, and devise a revision of the treatment process in order to improve the future of mental health care for incarcerated females. First, a brief description of the increasing female inmate population, their significant mental health care needs, and the lack of effective mental health care they are actually receiving, followed by the issues that this poses to rehabilitation and the community will be provided. Second, an examination of the commonality of childhood physical and/or sexual abuse among the female offenders that have been diagnosed with mental illnesses will be conducted. Next, a discussion of the most common mental health diagnoses of incarcerated women, what they are said to be caused by, and how they are being treated behind bars will be directed. Finally, a conclusion covering the established relationship between physical and sexual abuse and adult mental illnesses, the issues that the lack of adequate mental health care for incarcerated females poses, and what can be done to change and improve the future will be presented.
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Scorcia-Wilson, Theresa. "The Relationship Between Knowledge and Beliefs About Human Papillomavirus, Acceptance of the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine, and Intentions to Practice Safer Sex Behaviors Among Female College Students." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3477.
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Introduction. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to be highly prevalent among young women, and STIs continue to be a challenging health issue on college campuses. Studies have shown that the highest prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) is among young adult women, ages 20 to 24, including female college students. While the HPV vaccine has proven to be highly effective in preventing certain high-risk types of HPV, it is not effective in preventing all types of HPV or other STIs. Practicing other safer sex behaviors, in addition to condom use, also can help individuals protect themselves and their partners from acquiring HPV and other STIs. Purpose. Relationships between knowledge about HPV and the HPV vaccine, beliefs about HPV, acceptance of the HPV vaccine, and intentions to practice safer sex behaviors were assessed to determine if female college students who had a high acceptance of the HPV vaccine were also more likely to practice safer sex behaviors. Methods. A convenience sample of 2,706 undergraduate female college students, ages 18 to 24, from three U.S. public universities, completed an online survey that measured the following study variables: knowledge about HPV; knowledge about the HPV vaccine; acceptance of the HPV vaccine, specifically influential factors and barriers to vaccination; as well as attitudes, normative beliefs, control beliefs and intentions for practicing safer sex behaviors. Results. The majority of participants had a high level of knowledge of HPV (70.4%) and the HPV vaccine (73.7%). Over one-third of the participants (37.3%) received at least one dose of the HPV vaccine. Most participants thought they had a low susceptibility to HPV, as 54% thought they were unlikely to contract HPV; however, most (53.6%) thought that HPV would be a serious problem for them. The safer sex behavior that participants thought was the easiest was refusing to have sex with a partner that would not use a condom (51.8% “Strongly agree”) and the safer sex behavior that participants thought to be the most difficult was asking a partner to get tested for STIs (54.5% “Disagree”). Attitudes, normative beliefs, and control beliefs combined to strongly predict intentions (R = .730, p < .001), and attitudes was the strongest predictor for intentions to practice safer sex behaviors (β = .666), 95% CI [.649, .711]. There was a significant positive correlation between vaccine acceptance and intentions to practice safer sex behaviors (r = .087, p < .001), including likelihood of getting vaccinated against HPV (r = .098, p < .001). Conclusions. Findings from this study demonstrate the need for university student health centers to provide information about the HPV vaccine as part of broader STI prevention and social marketing campaigns, targeting female college students who are single, as well as those in monogamous relationships. Furthermore, because young men can be carriers of HPV and the HPV vaccine is now available to them, follow-up studies are needed to determine acceptance of the HPV vaccine among male college students as it relates to HPV knowledge, knowledge of the vaccine, and intentions to practice safer sex behaviors.
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Bieger, Susanne Regine 1966. "Contraceptive knowledge and sexual behavior in female adolescents." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278357.
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Ethnographic interviews with pregnant Mexican-American and Native-American adolescents and young adults from low-income households explored their knowledge about conception and contraception as well as their contraceptive and sexual behavior. The findings suggest that their unwanted pregnancies are not due to a lack of knowledge but rather are due to their heteronomous sexual behavior which results in infrequent contraceptive usage and thereby a risk of unwanted pregnancy.
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Jenkins, DaNelle N. "College females' sexual knowledge, beliefs and behaviors related to the prevention of human papillomavirus." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1123617019.
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Thesis (Master of Education)--University of Cincinnati, 2005.Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Jul. 11, 2006). Includes abstract. Keywords: Human papillomavirus; Cervical cancer; College women; Age; Condom use; Sexual behavior; Pap test; Knowledge; Sexual Health; Beliefs. Includes bibliographical references.
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Terry, Lesley L., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Food, feeding and female sexual arousal." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Psychology, c2010, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2510.
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Feederism is a fat fetish subculture that eroticizes eating, feeding, and gaining weight.
This thesis attempts to explain the practice of Feederism using an evolutionary approach.
Chapter one examines the historical and cross-cultural meaning of fat and its association
with fertility, health, and beauty. Chapter one also reviews the current literature on fat
admiration and Feederism, and introduces some possible explanations for what
Feederism is, and how it can be conceptualized. Chapter two describes a case study that
was conducted on a female member of the Feederism community. The results of this case
study add support to the hypothesis that Feederism is paraphilic. Chapter three describes
a psychophysiological study that tested how members of the general population respond
to and rate feeding stimuli. This study was conducted to determine whether Feederism is
an exaggeration of a more normative and functional mate selection strategy. The results
of this study demonstrate that males and females both respond to and rate feeding stimuli
similarly. No definitive conclusions were drawn with respect to the exaggeration
hypothesis, because, although participants did subjectively rate the feeding stimuli as
more sexually arousing than neutral stimuli, they did not genitally respond to the feeding
stimuli significantly more than to the neutral stimuli. Chapter four summarizes the results
of the two studies and discusses how these finding might inform future research on
paraphilias, courtship, and intimacy.viii, 128 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
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Mendelson, Scott Douglas. "Serotonin receptor subtypes and sexual behaviour in the female rat." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25470.
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Recently, it has been discovered that serotonin (5-HT) receptors exist as subtypes in the mammalian brain. At least two major subtypes that differ in their distribution, and affinity for serotonergic drugs, have now been described. These receptors have been labeled 5-HT₁, and 5-HT₂ receptors. The purpose of this thesis is to determine what roles the 5-HT₁, and 5-HT₂ receptors might play in the modulation of sexual behaviour in the female rat.
The administration of the 5-HT₂ receptor antagonist pirenperone inhibited sexual receptivity in adult, ovariectomized Sprague Dawley rats that had been primed either chronically with estradiol benzoate (EB), or acutely with EB plus varying doses of progesterone (P). An inhibition occurred at peripherally administered doses of 50, 100 and 150, but not 25 µg/kg of pirenperone. Pirenperone also inhibited receptivity when administered intraventricularly at a dose of 15 µg/kg, however this dose of pirenperone was ineffective when administered peripherally. Increasing the dose of P did not attenuate the inhibitory effect of pirenperone. The 5-HT₂ antagonists ketanserin (2.5 mg/kg) and spiperone (250 µg/kg) also inhibited receptivity in females that had been primed with EB plus P. The inhibitory effect of pirenperone was attenuated by the 5-HT₂ agonist quipazine , however the 5-HT precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) (20 mg/kg), and the 5-HT₁, agonists 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethytryptamine (5MeODMT) (200 µg/kg) and tryptamine (2 mg/kg) did not attenuate the effect of pirenperone. Quipazine, 5-HTP, and 5MeODMT did not effect receptivity in females that had been primed with EB plus P, however tryptamine inhibited receptivity. Whereas the nonselective 5-HT antagonist methysergide (3 mg/kg) failed to have an effect on receptivity in females that had been primed with EB, methysergide coadministered with quipazine facilitated receptivity. Pirenperone also inhibited proceptivity in females that had been primed with EB plus P. Although quipazine did not attenuate the inhibitory effect of pirenperone upon proceptivity, quipazine alone facilitated proceptivity in females that had been primed either with EB, or with EB and P. Methysergide did not effect proceptivity, and 5-HTP, 5MeODMT, and tryptamine were also ineffective with regards to proceptivity.
The results of the present series of experiments are not entirely consistent with Meyerson's widely held theory of serotonergic inhibition , rather they suggest a dual role for 5-HT in female sexual behaviour. Therefore, a new theory regarding the role of 5-HT in sexual behaviour is proposed. Specifically, it is proposed that inhibitory effects of 5-HT are mediated by activity at 5-HT₁, receptors, whereas facilitatory effects are mediated by activity at 5-HT₂ receptors.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Cook, Scott C. "Human immunodeficiency virus : determining predictors of unsafe sexual behavior /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9962514.
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Bale, Tracy. "Oxytocin receptor regulation, expression, and role in female sex behavior /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6270.
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DEAN, JUDITH CAROL HICKMAN. "PSYCHOSOCIAL ADJUSTMENT AND SEXUAL FUNCTION IN FEMALE SURVIVORS OF HODGKIN'S DISEASE." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184230.
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This study examined differences in psychosocial adjustment and sexual function between female survivors of Hodgkin's disease and a control group of recently diagnosed but untreated cancer patients. The Hodgkin's disease survivors were assigned to one of two groups depending on whether they had retained ovarian functioning following their cancer therapy. Differences among the three groups were examined on variables consisting of the principal components derived from scores on the: Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory (DSFI); Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI); and Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS). These variables included: DSFI (General background and sexual functioning, Attitudes and feelings, and Information and Drive); BSI (General distress, and Somatic anxiety); and PAIS (General social functioning, and Health care orientation). No statistically significant differences in psychosocial adjustment and sexual function were found among the three groups. Additional analyses suggested that women who required therapeutic abortions to terminate pregnancies (existing at their diagnosis or occurring while they were receiving cancer treatment) had greater problems in psychosocial adjustment and sexual function than those who did not require abortions.
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Ahl, Therese. "Sexual behavior among Chinese male and female medical university students in Chongqing, China." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-14683.
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Sexuality is one of the most fundamental values of life as it affects our behaviors, thoughts and emotions. Young people are an especially essential group for promoting sexual health as it is during adolescents the base for our sexuality is created. The aim of this study was to examine Chinese male and female medical university student’s knowledge and ideas of sexual behavior at Chongqing Medical University in Chongqing, China. An explorative quantitative survey study was conducted at place in Chongqing. The survey study’s result showed that ideas of sexual behavior were seem to be permissive and love-based, and also bi- and homosexuality to be mainly acceptable. The Internet, books and friends were seemed as important sources for knowledge whereas few believed to have received adequate knowledge from school. It was also seemed to be a major lack of knowledge regarding STD’s and how to protect yourself as “safe periods” was believed to be an important contraceptive method. The relationship between contraception and the protection against STD seems to be obscure.性行为是生活中最基本最重要的要素之一，它影响着我们的行为，思想及情感。年轻人是一个特别有必要促进健康性行为的群体。这项研究的目的是为了检测中国的重庆医科大学的男性，女性大学生对于性行为相关知识的认识及看法。于是在重庆进行了这项探索性的定量的调查研究。这项调查研究的结果表明被调查群体的性行为看似是以爱和自由为基础的，当然双性恋及同性恋也是被广泛接受的。性相关知识的大多数来源于网络，书籍以及朋友，而不是来自于学校。被调查的样本中大多数样本提示他们缺少对性病的认识，以及认识到在安全期保护自己是一项非常重要的避孕手段。所以他们对避孕以及保护自己远离性病之间的关系看起来是比较模糊的。
Sexualitet utgör en av de mest grundläggande värden i livet då de påverkar såväl våra beteenden, tankar som känslor. Unga utgör en viktig grupp för främjande av sexuell hälsa då det är under denna tid grunden för vår sexualitet skapas. Studiens syftade till att undersöka manliga och kvinnliga kinesiska medicinstudenters kunskap och idéer om sexuellt beteende vid Chongqing Medical University i Chongqing, Kina. En explorativ enkätstudie genomfördes på plats i Chongqing. Studien visade på att idéer om sexuellt beteende verkar vara tillåtande och kärleksbaserande, med en övervägande acceptans för bi- och homosexualitet. Internet, böcker och vänner verkade utgöra viktiga källor till kunskap gällande sex samt preventivmetoder då få ansåg sig ha fått tillräcklig kunskap från skolan. Det verkade även finnas en stor brist gällande STD kunskap och hur man skyddar sig då ”safe periods” ansågs vara en viktig preventivmetod. Relationen mellan preventivmedel och skydd mot STD’s verkar vara otydlig.
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Townsend, Simon W. "Intra-sexual competition and vocal counter-strategies in wild female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii)." Thesis, St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/774.
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Bargelletti, Olivia. "Mate preference in female weakly electric fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100762.
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This study explores the morphology and electrical behavior of breeding weakly electric fish. Wave-type electric fish communicate by means of a continuous oscillatory electric signal produced by an electric organ. The electric organ discharges at frequencies which are sexually dimorphic in many species of electric fish. This dimorphism is thought to be attributed to female mate choice, although to date, there is no evidence for mate choice or intrasexual competition to have driven the evolution of this signaling dimorphism in wave-type electric fish. Here, I have tracked changes in body shape and electric organ discharge (EOD) frequency of A. leptorhynchus throughout a breeding conditioning period. I find that only females alter the shape of their bodies, presumably to account for increasing egg mass, during the breeding conditioning period. Throughout this period, both females and males do not alter their EOD frequencies significantly. Gravid females were used in an unforced preference test, where they were presented with two live, male A. leptorhynchus. Female preference was indicated by a passage of the female into one of the two male compartments. I find that females show a preference for higher EOD frequency males, while no preference is shown for longer, heavier or larger-amplitude males. Further investigations are needed to dissociate the role of EOD frequency from potentially correlated male traits, such as rate and type of modulations of EOD frequency. The finding of this study that female A. leptorhynchus prefer males of higher EOD frequency establishes wave-type weakly electric fish as a promising model system for the study of the evolution and the sensory mechanisms of female choice.
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Martinez, Luis A. "Neural Regulation of Sexual Solicitation in Female Syrian Hamsters: Role of Oxytocin." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/neurosci_diss/8.
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In most animal species, reproductive success depends critically on precopulatory or solicitational behaviors that occur prior to mating. The specific sensory systems and behavioral strategies employed in precopulatory behaviors vary across species; in all cases, however, animals must be able to identify potential mating partners and solicit sexual interest. Female Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) engage in multiple forms of precopulatory behaviors that are preferentially expressed to males or their odors, including vaginal scent marking and sexual odor preference. Conspecific odors relevant for precopulatory behaviors are processed by a network of forebrain areas that includes the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and the medial preoptic area (MPOA). The precise functional and neurochemical mechanisms whereby these areas regulate the expression of precopulatory behaviors, however, are unknown. Therefore, the aim of this dissertation is to address the following research questions: (1) Is the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT), acting within BNST or MPOA, necessary for the normal expression of odor-guided precopulatory behaviors? (2) Is BNST or (3) MPOA required for the preferential expression of vaginal marking or investigation towards male odors?, and (4) Does OT interact with social odor processing to regulate vaginal marking? We found that blockade of OT receptors (OTRs) in MPOA and BNST decreased vaginal marking to male odors. There was no effect of OTR blockade on sexual odor preference. Selective lesions of BNST also disrupted preferential vaginal marking responses to male odors, without affecting sexual odor preference. In contrast, lesions of MPOA disrupted odor preference without affecting vaginal marking responses. Finally, central blockade of OTRs eliminated the normal pattern of increased activation of neurons to male vs. female odors in BNST, but not MPOA. Considered together, these results suggest that OT normally acts within BNST to drive preferential vaginal marking responses to male odors via selective facilitation of neural responses to these odors, and further, that there are separate and distinct neural circuits that regulate different forms of odor-guided precopulatory behaviors in females.
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Baird, J. Aileen. "Medical and popular attitudes toward female sexuality in late seventeenth century England (1660-1696)." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22557.
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This thesis is an analysis of medical and popular views toward female sexuality in late seventeenth century England (1660-1696), based on the study of learned vernacular medical texts, personal sources and popular literature. In that period, women's subordinate social status to men was largely determined by their 'inferior' biology; "female illnesses" were considered to be a product of women's innate physiological 'weakness' as defined by humoral medical theory, and their reproductive organs were linked to their less restrained (than men's) sexual desires.This research examines those medical and social ideas that defined the female sex in late seventeenth century England, in conjunction with women's own records of their experiences; it is argued that while their physiology was used to justify their inferior social status, women's degree of self-autonomy in early modern England--particularly in the area of pregnancy and childbirth--was probably far greater than would be thought from an examination of the contemporary printed sources. This thesis also demonstrates how medical and social attitudes toward women mutually reinforced the secondary position of women in that society.
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Christensen, Roger B. "Self Esteem and Adolescent Sexual Attitudes and Behavior." DigitalCommons@USU, 1985. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2508.
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This study was designed to determine; (1) if adolescent self esteem is related to premarital sexual attitudes and intercourse behavior; (2) if religious affiliation and church attendance affect the relationship between adolescent self esteem and premarital sexual attitudes and behavior. Approximately 2400 adolescents residing in California, New Mexico, and Utah comprised the sample.
Adolescents who attended church services more often reported less sexually permissive attitudes and behavior than those who attended church less often. Similarly, Mormons' premarital sexual attitudes and behavior was more conservative than was the case for non-Mormon adolescents. Findings indicated that the nature of the relationship between permissiveness and self esteem did depend on cultural norms or contexts. In the most conservative normative contexts (among Mormons and frequent church attenders) there was a negative relationship between self esteem and sexual attitudes and sexual behavior; there was no significant relationship between self esteem and sexual attitudes and sexual behavior among the more moderate sample groups.
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Worden, Bradley Dean. "Female mating behavior in the Beetle Tenebrio Molitor : polyandry and parasite-mediated sexual selection /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488205318511058.
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Faro, Livi Ferreira Testoni de. "As disfunções sexuais femininas no periódico Archives of Sexual Behavior." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4439.
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Após o sucesso de vendas do Viagra, medicamento indicado para o tratamento da disfunção erétil, lançado em 1998, houve uma rápida proliferação de artigos, livros e encontros sobre as disfunções sexuais femininas. Desde 2000, um intenso debate sobre o envolvimento da indústria farmacêutica na produção biomédica sobre as disfunções sexuais femininas e a concomitante busca por um medicamento similar ao Viagra destinado às mulheres tem envolvido profissionais de diferentes disciplinas. Esta dissertação teve como objetivo investigar os discursos científicos sobre as disfunções sexuais femininas, através do exame dos artigos publicados no periódico Archives of Sexual Behavior, desde sua fundação, em 1971, até 2007. O periódico foi escolhido por sua legitimidade neste campo de saberes, por abranger um amplo período (36 anos) e seu caráter multidisciplinar. Pretendeu-se investigar quando, como e por quais grupos profissionais as disfunções sexuais femininas foram descritas e abordadas no periódico. No caso das chamadas disfunções sexuais, as descrições científicas, que vêm aumentando significativamente nos últimos anos, dão origem
a prescrições de terapias, medicamentos, intervenções cirúrgicas, programas de educação sexual e políticas públicas. Ou seja, subjacente a esse discurso, que afirma ser empírico e
imparcial, estão processos que se encontram muito além dos limites de um laboratório ou das atividades de um pesquisador. Buscou-se, assim, pensar a produção científica como produto
de articulações e negociações que se desenrolam em esferas diversas, envolvendo processos culturais, sociais, econômicos e também cognitivos ou científicos, em contraposição às
concepções que caracterizam a ciência como um projeto que apenas revela verdades. Para tanto, foi apresentado o contexto do surgimento de uma ciência da sexualidade, no decorrer do século XIX e, em seguida, o contexto no qual emergiram os discursos sobre as disfunções sexuais femininas, o que propiciou sua emergência naquele dado momento, o modo como foram definidas e por quem, como se articularam a processos sociais, econômicos e culturais e que transformações sofreram ao longo dos anos.After the sale success of Viagra, a medicament indicated for the treatment of erectile dysfunction, which was launched in 1998, there was a fast proliferation of articles, books and meetings on female sexual dysfunctions. Since 2000, an intense debate about the involvement of the pharmaceutical industry in the biomedical production related to female sexual dysfunctions and the simultaneous search for a medicament similar to Viagra aimed to women has been involving professional from different areas. The goal of this dissertation was to investigate scientific discourses on female sexual dysfunctions through the analysis of articles published in the periodical Archives of Sexual Behavior, since its foundation in 1971 until 2007. The periodical was chosen due to its legitimacy in this field of knowledge, for covering a vast period (36 years) and for its multidisciplinary nature. The intention was to locate when, how and by which professional groups female sexual dysfunctions were described and dealt with in the periodical. In the case of the so-called sexual dysfunctions, scientific descriptions, which have been significantly increasing in recent years, originate therapeutic prescriptions, medicaments, chirurgical interventions, sexual education programs and public policies. That is, subjacent to this discourse, which poses as empirical and impartial processes were found that reach quite beyond the limits of a lab or the activities of a researcher. Therefore, the aim was to think of the scientific production as a product of articulations and negotiations unfolded in diversified domains and involving cultural, social and economical processes, as well as cognitive and scientific ones, in contrast to the conceptions that characterize science as a project that only brings about the truth. For this, the context in which a science of sexuality emerged throughout the 19th Century was presented, followed by the context in which the discourses on female sexual dysfunctions appeared: what has facilitated their emergence in that given moment, how and by whom were they defined, how were they articulated to social, economical and cultural processes and which transformations they suffered throughout the years.
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Magyara, Nora, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Multiple mating and female choice in Richardson's ground squirrels (Urocitellus Richardsonii)." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2009, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/1258.
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I studied the mating behaviour of Richardson’s ground squirrels (Urocitellus richardsonii) in 2007 and 2008, near Picture Butte, AB, Canada with the goals of evaluating multiple paternities within litters, sperm competition, and female mate choice. Eleven microsatellites and use of behavioural data to eliminate males who could not be putative sires based on their spatial and temporal remoteness from estrous females enabled exclusive assignment of paternity to 82.8% of 598 offspring with known maternity. The frequency of multiple paternities (26.4%, n=87 litters) in my population was lower than that reported for Richardson’s ground squirrels in a Manitoba population (80.0%, n=15 litters). Sperm competition was absent except in litters weaned by those females that mated again within 5 minutes of the first copulation, in which case sperm displacement was evident. Female choice was observed through avoidance of copulation, termination of copulation, and hide-then-run behaviour.x, 98 leaves ;|c29 cm. --
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Gerardi, Margit Brigitta. "The relationship between depression and unwanted sexual contact in adolescent females : a dissertation /." San Antonio : UTHSC, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1375514321&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=70986&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Norton, Sephanie S. "MATING BEHAVIOR AND MATE PREFERENCE IN SCHIZOCOSA OCREATA WOLF SPIDERS: THE FEMALE PERSPECTIVE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin998333694.
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Zengin, Ezgi. "Sexual Harassment Among Turkish Female Athletes: The Role Of Ambivalent Sexism." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614693/index.pdf.
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The aim of the thesis was to focus on sexual harassment in sport in Turkey and the role of ambivalent sexism on attitudes toward sexual harassment. 170 female university students, playing in team sports participated to the study. Demographic Information Form, Coach Behaviors List (CBL), Responses to Sexual Harassment in Sport (RSHS) Scale, Attitudes toward Sexual Harassment (ASH) Scale, and Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) were used in the study. Mean and standard deviations of coach behaviors and responses to sexual harassment were calculated in order to have descriptive information about the acceptance levels and frequency levels of them. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed unique predictions of age, political view, hostile sexism (HS), and benevolent sexism (BS) in female athletes&rsquoattitudes toward viewing sexual harassment as the result of provocative behaviors of women (ASHPBW), but not in attitudes toward accepting sexual harassment as a trivial matter (ASHTM). ASHPBW, ASHTM, and HS were found as predictors of ASBC, but not for ANPTBC. In predicting the three dimensions of RSHS, years of sport experience, ASHPBW, ASHTM, and BS were found to be significant. This thesis mainly contributed to the literature by (1) development of RSHS scale, and adaptation of CBL for Turkey, (2) supporting the relationship between ASH and ambivalent sexist attitudes in sport environment, (3) investigating the predicting powers of ASHPBW, ASHTM, HS, and BS on acceptability of coach&rsquo
s negative behaviors, and (4) investigating the predictive powers of HS and BS on RSHS.
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Smith, Jolene A. "The Effects of a College Human Sexuality Course on Students' Sexual Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3030/.
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Using an experimental-comparison group design, data were collected at the beginning and end of a semester to assess the effect of a human sexuality course on students' sexual knowledge, sexual attitude, and sexual behaviors. Data analysis by t-tests showed statistical differences between the experimental and comparison group only on sexual knowledge scores ( p < .001), with the experimental group scoring higher. T-tests showed statistical difference between males and females in sexual attitude (p< .001) and sexual behavior (p< .001) with women scoring higher than men in the experimental group, and also when experimental and control groups were combined. Although not statistically significant, women scored higher in sexual knowledge than males.
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Akbas, Halil. "Application of Situational Crime Prevention to Female Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation in Turkey." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1258724618.
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Brookins, Jodi M. "The relationship between a human sexuality course and sexual anxiety, sexual decision making skills and level of comfort." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722431.
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The thesis was designed to determine the relative impact of an academic course in human sexuality on specific sexual attitudes and intimate communication skills of undergraduate college students.Seventy-five students were subdivided into experimental and control groups. Data regarding personal sexual anxiety, sexual decision making skills and level of comfort about sexual issues were collected during the first and last weeks of the Spring 1990 semester. These served as pre and posttests. Descriptive data about the subjects were also obtained.The results of this study indicated that although males and females differ significantly from each other in sexual anxiety and sexual decision making skills, the subjects did not differ in their level of comfort. However, experimentalfemales did approach significant change in their reported comfort level scores from pre to posttest.Department of Physiology and Health Science
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Richters, Juliet. "The social construction of sexual practice setting, sexual culture, and the body in casual sex between men /." Connect to this title online, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/352.
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何明詩 and Ming-sze Eugenie Ho. "The nature and presentation of female sexual dysfunction in a group ofChinese diabetic population." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31970564.
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Spruille, Twania Makita. "An exploratory study of the knowledge of AIDS, sexual attitudes and sexual behavior of African American male and female high school students." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1998. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1976.
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This was an exploratory/descriptive study to explore the relationship of knowledge, attitudes and sexual behaviors among African American high school students regarding AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). Thirty students from Port Gibson High School, located in Port Gibson, MS were surveyed to determine levels of knowledge of AIDS, sexual attitudes, and sexual behaviors. Attitude and knowledge are necessary to identify specific consequences following the behavior.
A descriptive and exploratory design was used in this study. A self administered questionnaire was administered to African American male and female high school students.
The study was an attempt to provide a clear understanding of the knowledge of AIDS, sexual attitudes, and sexual behaviors of the African American male and female high school students. The results indicated no significant differences between the groups in the areas explored.
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Dhand, Arti. "Poison, snake, the sharp edge of a razor : yet the highest of Gurus defining female sexuality in the Mahābhārata." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36761.
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This thesis theorizes the conceptual grid upon which discussions of sexuality are based in India's Great Epic, the Mahabharata . The Mahabharata contains complex multilevel taxonomies of sexuality, framed within hierarchies of religious experience. The thesis isolates two categories of religious experience: pravr&dotbelow;tti dharma ("involvement in the world"), and nivr&dotbelow;tti dharma ("renunciation of the world"). Within nivr&dotbelow;tti dharma, discourses on sexuality are inalienable from discourses on the body, and on asceticism. Within pravr&dotbelow;tti dharma, discourses on sexuality are anchored by parallel discourses on the dharmas of caste and stage of life (varn&dotbelow;asrama dharma), as well as on the dharmas based on sex and familial hierarchy. These subcategories are identified and the place of sexuality within them is drawn in detail.
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Yang, Wen, and 楊文. "Self-expression and discourse on female sexuality: online sex discussion forums in contemporary China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42182025.
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Perez-Altamirano, Tatiana. "Copulatory behavior and hypothalamic evoked potentials after systemic and intracerebral administration of atropine in the female rat /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487325740719243.
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Durães, Renata. "Spatial and temporal dynamics of lekking behavior and female choice in the blue-crowned manakin (Lepidothrix coronata, AVES: Pipridae)." Diss., St. Louis, Mo. : University of Missouri--St. Louis, 2008. http://etd.umsl.edu/r3001.
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Moore, Fhionna R. "The effects of female status on sex differentiated mate preferences." Thesis, St Andrews, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/332.
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Gillikin, Cynthia Lee. "Psychosocial Predictors of Juvenile Justice Involvement among Adolescent Female Offenders." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/287.
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Approximately 2.2 million children and adolescents are arrested each year, and these youthful offenders often display serious psychosocial dysfunction across a wide spectrum of areas: family dysfunction, mental health distress, problems with drug use, risky sexual behaviors, and a history of traumatic experiences. Of particular interest, the rate of female adolescent arrest and incarceration has been on the rise over the past several decades, yet female juvenile offenders are understudied compared with their male peers. It is important to identify risk factors that predispose certain female adolescents to criminal behavior to inform future interventions. Given the associations of mental health problems, substance use, trauma, and family dysfunction with crime in adolescent girls, further study is warranted to more clearly understand the links between these psychosocial factors and criminality in adolescents, especially girls. The impacts of mental health disorders, family functioning, risky sexual behavior, trauma, and substance use on juvenile justice involved youths are of great public health and social importance because of the potential to intervene and to prevent criminal behavior in at-risk teens. However, the relationships between these risk factors and the severity of juvenile offending in girls have not been studied adequately. By analyzing data from interviews and follow-up criminal records for almost 500 arrested and detained adolescent girls, we first investigated the associations between concurrent substance use and psychosocial dysfunction in this population. Secondly, we examined which psychosocial domains (i.e., mental health disorders, substance use/abuse, trauma, sexual behavior, and family functioning) were most predictive of recidivism and violent recidivism during adolescence for this group of offending girls. Finally, we studied which psychosocial variables best predicted time to next arrest, thereby determining if psychosocial functioning can also predict the amount of time before a given adolescent reoffends. Our findings indicated that substance use and sexual risk behaviors are the most important psychosocial predictors of poor outcomes in adolescent female juvenile offenders.
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Levine, Alissa. "The social construction of female orgasm : a cross-cultural study." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38219.
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This study presents cross-cultural research into women's sexuality, and orgasm in particular. Qualitative interviews of women who have undergone excision of the clitoris and women who have not form the core of my data. My analysis indicates that female orgasm in diverse societies is problematized and controlled, causing me to postulate numerous similarities between women despite cultural and physical differences. One of the most significant findings is that similar attitudes toward the clitoris might be invoked to explain both its removal, in excising societies, and clitoral-vaginal theoretical bifurcations in non-excising ones.The originality of my theoretical approach is to examine various types of social constructionism. I demonstrate its pertinence to an understanding of the literal construction of the body through social practices or social imperatives which determine physical reality. My use of the term constructionism as anti-essentialism also enables me to identify common components of drive theory in diverse cultures, and to demonstrate their lack of correlation with sexual behavior. Finally, constructionism is a crucial element to my analysis of subjective beliefs concerning female orgasm. Interpretation of physiological response supports a belief in clitoral-vaginal opposition in defiance of the interdependence of these two organs, thereby reflecting the constructionist insistence upon reality as socially defined.
The originality of this research lies in its comparative perspective and resulting emphasis on similarities in culturally diverse groups. Female sexuality and orgasm are filtered through social existence. A physiological response can thus be denied or substantiated by social means.
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Persaud, Kamini N. Galef Bennett G. "Male sexual coercion, female mate choice and control of fertilization in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) /." *McMaster only, 2005.
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Bischoff-Seals, Lea. "Relationship between restrained eating behavior and dietary calcium intake among female adolescents." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1366297.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of restrained eating behavior on dietary calcium intake in adolescents. Research shows that female adolescents have lower calcium intake then males. Research also suggests that dieting has a negative impact on the dietary intake of several nutrients, including calcium.A random sample of adolescents from physical education and health classes at Muncie Central High School, a mid-western urban public school, participated in this study. Subjects completed one 24 hour food record, a modified three-factor eating questionnaire to assess dietary restraint, and demographic sheet.Of the 85 subjects (females n=60; males n=25) who participated in the study, 65% (n=56) did not meet the dietary calcium recommendations of 1300 mg/day. Among females, 75% (n=45) did not meet calcium recommendations. For males, 44% (n=11) did not meet the daily calcium recommendations. Mean calcium intake for females and males respectively was 1121 ± 939 mg/day and 1632 ±1242 mg/day.Seventy-five percent of all subjects had low to average dietary restraint. A greater percentage of females (17%, n=10; 15%, n=9) than males (4%, n=1; 4%, n=1) were found to have high and clinical levels of dietary restraint. Interestingly, the mean calcium intake for those males and females having clinical levels of dietary restraint did meet calcium recommendations (1403 mg/day and 1341 ± 829 mg/day). For females, the mean calcium intake for both low to average and high dietary restraint did not meet calcium requirements. For males, mean calcium intake among all levels of restraint met the recommendations.Department of Family and Consumer Sciences
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Shockley, Kathie Call. "Moral judgment, assertive social skills, and female adolescent birth control behavior in a middle class community /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487335992903133.
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Bailey, John Denver. "AN APPROACH TO THE MEASUREMENT OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR IN THE BULL (BOS TAURUS) USING VARIABLE FEMALE STIMULUS CONDITIONS." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2003. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukyansc2003d00105/JDBDiss.pdf.
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Thesis--University of Kentucky (Ph. D.), 2003.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 194 p. : ill. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 180-191).
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Walker, Erin M. "Help-seeking engagement among young female survivors of intimate partner violence a qualitative inquiry /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 0.46 Mb., 215 p, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1430762.
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Spengane, Zandile. "Reasons of early sexual debut of “female” adolescents attending Town-Two Clinic in Khayelitsha, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98080.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: There is an increase in the prevalence of HIV among young females compared to their male counterparts in South Africa (Shisana, 2012). Previous studies have shown early sexual debut is one of the contributing factors to acquiring HIV. Early sexual debut being defined as first sexual intercourse below the age of 15 years as illustrated in the literature (Aji et al., 2013). The aim of the study is to determine the contributing factors to early sexual debut by female adolescents in the ages between 13-19 attending Town-Two Clinic. To establish the knowledge of adolescent females about HIV & STI transmission, to evaluate what sexual and reproductive health education and management is required by adolescents attending the clinic, and to provide guidelines to deal with the concerns and needs of female adolescents attending Town-Two Clinic as well as reproductive health education. Methods: This is an exploratory qualitative study. Twenty female adolescents between the ages 13-19 attending Town Two Clinic for family planning were voluntarily recruited. Data collection was done by means of a 20 minute interview; two participants were interviewed a day. The interview was semi-structured using open-ended questions. Socio-demographic data was obtained by means of a questionnaire; linked to the interviewee by means of a study code to maintain anonymity. Data analysis was done using inductive analysis and creative synthesis, which analyses the details of the information collected to discover important patterns, themes and interrelationships (Larry, 2014). Results: The average age of the participants was 16 years. The youngest and eldest was 13 and 19 years old respectively; average grade was grade10. Majority of participants resided with their mothers (35%), 20% lived with both parents, 20% with their elder siblings, 15% with grandparents and 5% with other relatives. Participants (45%) reported they were sexually active; average age at first sexual intercourse was 14 years. The participants’ acceptable age for sexual debut was 18yrs. Reasons contributing to early sexual debut were identified as: peer pressure, easy access to alcohol, transaction and cross-generational sex, media and social networks, crowded living conditions, sexual abuse and lack of parental supervision and communication with children. The participants (95%) said they received sex education at school;. (65%) reported they were taught about safe sex practices and using a condom every time they have sex. Knowledge gaps; (60%) of the participants reporting they would like to receive more information and teaching about STI’s, as they knew very little about them. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the contributing factors to early sexual debut amongst female adolescents as: Peer pressure, easy access to alcohol, transaction and cross-generational sex, media and social networks, crowded living conditions, sexual abuse and lack of parental supervision and communication with children, and its risk to HIV infection. Appropriate and current sex education with regards HIV, STI prevention, testing and treatment is crucial. Parents play a vital role in educating their own children and need to overcome their socio-cultural views about sex. Interdisciplinary collaboration is needed between the health sector, education, law enforcement, church youth groups, media and social networks in developing effective programs for educating youth on HIV prevention, reproductive health and dangers of substance abuse.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nie beskikbaar
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Baggett, Linda R. "Relationship of body image self-consciousness and sexuality in sexually active heterosexual female college students." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1371193.
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Previous research has shown that many women feel self-conscious of their bodies during physical intimacy with their partners, and this body image self-consciousness was related to sexual esteem, sexual assertiveness, sexual experience, and avoidance of sexual behavior. The purpose of the present study was to further explore body image selfconsciousness and examine its relationship with sexual functioning, risky sexual behavior, and sexual victimization. Participants were 171 heterosexual, sexually active, female undergraduate college students and completed the Body Image Self-Consciousness Scale (BISCS), the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), the Sexual Experiences Survey (SES), and a questionnaire assessing sexual experience and risky sexual behavior. Results found that body image self-consciousness was associated with use of protection against sexually transmitted infection during vaginal sex, overall sexual functioning, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, and sexual satisfaction, and the frequency of some sexual behavior, but not sexual victimization.Department of Psychological Science
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Withuhn, Thomas F. "The effects of neonatal oxytocin on sexual maturation and the expression of sociosexual reproductive behavior in female rats." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1872.
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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Biology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Fleming, Melissa Anne. "The adaptive significance of multiple mating in female mink (Mustela vison) and its effects on the mating system \ by Melissa Anne Fleming." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9151.
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Ophir, Alexander G. Galef Bennett G. "Mate assessment and non-independent mate choice by female Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) /." *McMaster only, 2003.
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Williams, Kirsten Laurene. "The relationship between cheliped color and body size in female Callinectes sapidus and its role in reproductive behavior." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1169.
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Many species use color during courtship displays, with the more colorful individuals often selected as potential mates. Female blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, display prominent red markings on their chelipeds, which is absent in males. I tested the hypothesis that females use this sexual dimorphism as an effective signal to potential mates.
Body size was positively correlated with size of the colorful pattern on the crusher dactyl. Digital imaging techniques were used to examine and quantify a pattern of coloration in the female blue crab. Morphometric measurements were made using digital images of the carapace and chelae of crabs collected along the Gulf of Mexico coast in Galveston, Texas. Color complexity was examined on digital images of the chelae using Adobe? Photoshop? and Image J. Specific wavelengths were selected and their presence within the attribute quantified and evaluated.
To determine whether male blue crabs prefer more colorful females, males were given a choice between females of different female coloration. Males displayed more often and directed more courtship displays towards the more colorful females. I hypothesize that male blue crabs use cheliped coloration as a visual cue for mate selection.
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August, Euna Marie. "A Cross-National Analysis of the Human Papillomavirus, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Sexual Behavior among Men." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3959.
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There is a paucity of research on the risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and sexual behavior among general populations of men. Research with male populations predominantly has focused on those subgroups considered to be at high risk of disease transmission, such as gay and bisexual men, injection drug users, and adolescents/young adults. Considerably fewer studies have examined factors among men, in general, and heterosexual men, specifically. Therefore, I conducted analyses with a cross-national sample of adult, sexually active men in Brazil, Mexico, and the United States to investigate sexual behaviors and risk factors associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV) and other STIs. The research questions were: 1) How does sexual risk differ among men residing in Brazil, Mexico, and the US by age cohort?; 2) Do men's sexual behaviors change after being tested for HPV and other STIs?; and 3) Do men's sexual behaviors change after being informed of diagnosis with HPV and other STIs? These research questions were explored through a quantitative assessment of secondary data collected through a risk factor questionnaire administered using computer assisted self-interviewing. The study findings underscore the need for public health interventions to address STI risk and transmission among men across the lifespan. Additionally, this study revealed the potential of STI testing as an effective strategy to reduce sexual risk-taking among men. While this research identifies key issues of importance in improving men's sexual health, additional research is needed to provide an enhanced contextual understanding of socio-cultural, interpersonal, and community level factors that affect sexual behaviors and decision-making among men.
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Agbali, Muna. "Female mating decisions in the rose bitterling (Rhodeus ocellatus)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2104.
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The aim of this study was to obtain an understanding of the basis to female mating decisions in the Chinese rose bitterling (Rhodeus ocellatus). Bitterling have a resource-based mating system that involves the female laying her eggs inside the gills of a freshwater mussel. Male bitterling perform elaborate courtship behaviour and are territorial and aggressively guard mussels in their territory from other territory holders and non-territorial males. Using a series of laboratory experiments it was shown in this study that females were choosy over the males they mated with, but females were not congruent in their preferences. Female mate preferences correlated positively with offspring growth rates and survival during early development. Female mate choice did not correspond with male dominance, and there may be an intersexual conflict between female mate preferences and male dominance as a result. Females tended to prefer males with functionally dissimilar MHC alleles. MHC alleles may influence male odour cues, and females showed a preference for mussels in which the sperm of multiple males had been released, possibly indicating that females use odour cues associated with sperm release in mating decisions. Bitterling show an innate preference for the colour red in a foraging context and there may be a receiver bias for red nuptial colouration in female mating preferences. Despite a significant role for mate preferences, direct (oviposition) mating preferences were shown to be more important in the mating system. Choice of oviposition sites has both immediate (survival) consequences for offspring, as well as longer-term fitness effects.
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Hunt, Cathleen B. "Genetic polymorphisms associated with the developmental timing of pubertal maturation and subsequent onset of sexual behavior in female adolescents." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280188.
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Previous genetic research has identified many human genes with allelic variation that are associated with differences in hormone synthesis. Still other non-genetic biological research has shown that increased levels of hormones are predictive of onset of puberty and that pubertal maturation is one of the strongest predictors of sexual activity onset. Studies informed by evolutionary theory have also shown that family context, such as the presence or absence of the biological father in early childhood, can predict pubertal maturation and, indirectly, subsequent sexual activity. This study was unique in that no research to date had attempted to use genetic markers as direct predictors of pubertal maturation and subsequent onset of sexual behavior in adolescents. Two genes of particular interest included the androgen receptor (AR) gene and the cytochrome P450c17-alpha gene (CYP17). Saliva samples (for genetic marker identification), pubertal status, and sexual behavior measures were gathered bi-annually from 248 post-menarcheal females over 2--3 years. Hierarchical linear modeling and growth curve analyses revealed that the A1/A1 allele of the CYP17 gene was predictive of the presence of a biological father, which predicted age at menarche. Later ages at menarche predicted lower onset level of sexual development and earlier ages at menarche predicted higher onset levels of sexual development; however, lower onset levels of sexual development predicted faster rates of sexual development. These findings show that genetic markers can be used to help identify variation in timing of pubertal development. Also, these results provide additional insight into understanding the differences in rates of sexual development among girls and suggest that there are mediating factors that may be buffering girls with higher onset levels of sexual development from progressing through sexual stages faster.