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Hite, Shere. "Sexual behavior in the human female." Sexuality and Culture 10, no. 1 (March 2006): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12119-006-1006-4.
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Gómez, Claudia Orozco, Jane Dimmitt Champion, and María Guadalupe Moreno Monsiváis. "Factors Protecting Male and Female Adolescents in Mexico From Human Papillomavirus Infection." Hispanic Health Care International 16, no. 1 (March 2018): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1540415318762553.
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Introduction: Adolescents may be infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) during their first sexual relationship. Persistent infections in adulthood may result in associated cancers among both women and men. This study explored condom use action plans, its influence on sexual activity in adolescents, and associated HPV protective behavior. Methods: A descriptive correlational design was used. A convenience sample including adolescents ( N =313; male n = 171, female n = 142), aged 15 to 17 years, attending one of three public high schools in Mexico was recruited. Self-report structured questionnaires were used to assess sociodemographics, sexual behavior, and HPV protective behavior. Findings: Self-reported HPV knowledge among Mexican adolescents was low. Adolescents ( n = 81, 25.9%) self-reported sexual experience. Comparisons of adolescents by self-reported sexual experience identified significant differences, including higher condom use self-efficacy, sexual rights knowledge, a condom use action plan, and greater interpersonal influence on HPV protective behavior among those who had sexual experience. Significant factors predicting HPV protective behavior included self-reported number of sexual partners, condom use in past 3 months, and having a condom use action plan. Conclusion: An intervention targeting adolescents should encourage adolescents to develop their own cognitive processes, thereby facilitating the adoption or development of action plans for HPV protective behavior.
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Retnaningsih, Dwi, MY Martini, and Windyastuti Windyastuti. "Sexually Transmitted Diseases Preventive Behavior Among Female Sex Workers." INDONESIAN NURSING JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND CLINIC (INJEC) 2, no. 2 (February 22, 2018): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.24990/injec.v2i2.147.
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Introduction: Sex workers and their customers are the high-risk group population that potentially transmitting sexually transmitted diseases including Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). This research aims to describe the preventive behaviour of female sex workers in preventing transmission of STDs and HIV in Gambilangu Semarang Localization. Methods: This research was qualitative study, The 5 participants of this study were female sex workers who still active in Localization within the period of 2016-2017. Results: The behavior of female sex workers on the prevention of STDs and HIV, were identified as: all participants always offered condoms to clients before sexual transactions, all the participants negotiated the clients to use condom before having sexual intercourse, all participants rejected firmly to have sex with the client suspected having STDs yet reluctant to use condoms, most participants washed the vagina using betel soap, consuming herbs and antibiotics without a medical prescription that they believed it could prevent STDs.
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Kowalczyk, R., K. Nowosielski, J. Kurpisz, and M. Lew-Starowicz. "Female sexuality in the context of dual control model." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1685.
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IntroductionDual Control Model (DCM) is one of the contemporary concepts of mechanisms rooted in the central nervous system that control human sexual behaviors. The DCM holds promise for application both in scientific settings and, although at the moment limited, clinical practice. A number of psychometric tools, i.e. the SIS/SES, SES II-W and SES II-W/M questionnaires based on the DCM theoretical assumptions have been developed.MethodsA total of 309 women aged 18–45 were eligible for the study. Inclusion criteria were met by 214 individuals who were included in the further analysis. Sexual excitation/sexual inhibition inventory for women (SESII-W) was used to evaluate sexual inhibition and sexual excitation. Semi-structure interview was used to evaluate sexual function in investigated individuals. Correlation between risky sexual behaviors, FSD and SE/SE was measured.ResultsAmong the women, 28.5% were diagnosed with FSD, with orgasmic dysfunction being the most common, 11.2%. Engaging in risky sexual behavior (having multiple sexual partners and one-night-stand sexual relationships, sexual intercourse with persons known to be HIV-positive, drug users or prostitutes, unprotected vaginal, oral and anal sex, sex for money or drugs and sexual activity while using alcohol and/or psychoactive substances) was associated with higher sexual excitation scores and lower sexual excitation scores of SESII-W. In contrast, the presence of FSD were negatively correlated with SE and positively with SI.ConclusionsDual control model might be a good model describing different sexual behaviors in the population of women.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Knapp, Rosemary, Edie Marsh-Matthews, Luanne Vo, and Sarah Rosencrans. "Stress hormone masculinizes female morphology and behaviour." Biology Letters 7, no. 1 (July 22, 2010): 150–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0514.
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Sex steroids play major roles in vertebrate sexual differentiation. Unexpectedly, we now find that exposure to elevated levels of the naturally occurring stress hormone cortisol can also masculinize sexually dimorphic morphological characters and behaviour in adult female mosquitofish ( Gambusia affinis ) in a dose-dependent manner. Females masculinized by cortisol developed elongated anal fins with distal tip features similar to those of mature males. Most masculinized females also attempted to copulate when placed with normal females. Although the mechanism of masculinization is currently unknown, we propose a role for an enzyme that both inactivates cortisol and catalyzes the final step in synthesis of a major teleost androgen. This mechanism may also help explain some previously reported effects of stress on sexual development across vertebrate taxa. Our findings underscore the need to understand the full range of chemicals, both naturally occurring hormones and human-produced endocrine disruptors, that can influence sexual differentiation and reproductive function.
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Chu, Xi, and Anders Ågmo. "Studies of Sociosexual Interactions in Rats in an Externally Valid Procedure: Are They Relevant for Understanding Human Sexual Behavior?" International Journal of Psychological Research 9, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 76–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21500/20112084.2339.
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When a prolonged observation of groups of rats in a seminatural environment is used as testing procedure, different behavioral patterns are shown compared with what observed in a pair housed in a small cage. Males and females copulate simultaneously, they show a promiscuously and random copulatory pattern. Females remain completely receptive from the first lordosis displayed in the period of behavioral estrus until the last. There is no reduction in paracopulatory behaviors and no increase in rejections towards the end of estrus. Female paracopulatory behavior and receptivity change in a most abrupt way at both initiation and termination of behavioral estrus. It appears that, in the seminatural environment, males copulate in bouts, and males do not pursue the females unless they are fully receptive. Non-sexual, social behavior including affiliative and nonaffiliative interaction among rats is rather unrelated to sexual activities in both sex.
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Brito, R. S., K. M. H. Cavalcante, V. S. Lima, and P. P. Cavalcanti. "Attitudes of Female Sexual Behavior and Its Peculiarities." Scientific Electronic Archives 8, no. 1 (October 20, 2014): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/812015166.
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This study aimed to characterize the attitudes of female sexual behavior. This is a descriptive and quantitative. The sample consisted of 100 women attending the Family Health Strategy Sinop - MT. Data were collected through a semistructured interview containing questions regarding sexual health. The study complied with the ethical standards of research with humans. It is noteworthy that the age of participants ranged from 18 to 85 years and 3% said to be sex workers. Note that 40% of respondents cannot be sexual excited before penetration and 14% have dyspareunia. As to orgasm, 4% reported never having reached, 1% do not have an orgasm at the moment and 95% have made it clear that orgasm. Thus, sexual function may be affected, facts that can be avoided and / or minimized with comprehensive care in nursing consultation.
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Goodman, Elizabeth, and Alwyn T. Cohall. "Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Adolescents: Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviors in a New York City Adolescent Minority Population." Pediatrics 84, no. 1 (July 1, 1989): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.84.1.36.
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In this survey, the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors concerning acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in a group (N = 196) of innercity adolescents in New York City were assessed. Sexual activity was the major risk factor for AIDS in this population; 58% of the adolescents had engaged in sexual intercourse; 12% of these had never used contraception. There were small reported rates of homosexuality, anal intercourse, and prostitution. Of respondents, 22% reported alcohol use and 22% had tried recreational drugs. None had ever taken drugs intravenously. Knowledge of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission was generally good, although there were prominent misconceptions. For example, 52% of the adolescents believed that donating blood could transmit HIV. Of respondents, 47% "never" or "rarely" worried about the disease. Of the total group, 39% reported behavior changes because of concern about AIDS in the previous 6 months. Those who changed behaviors tended to have a greater perceived risk, worry more frequently about the disease, and have a better knowledge of means of HIV transmission. Of those reporting behavior changes, 66% (25% of the total study group) claimed to be using condoms currently, and 16% (6% of the total study group) claimed to be abstemious. More black adolescents than Hispanic adolescents instituted behavior changes. Of black female adolescents, 71% were sexually active, as compared with 30% of Hispanic female adolescents. Assessment of beliefs in methods of risk reduction indicated that although female adolescents were more likely to believe that condoms were a good way to decrease their risk of acquiring HIV, those who were sexually active were less likely than men to institute the behavior change of insisting on condom use or of having their partners use condoms the last time they had sexual intercourse. Of sexually active female adolescents, 73% did not insist on condom use the last time they had sexual relations, whereas 51% of sexually active male adolescents did use a condom. These adolescent women were not using their knowledge concerning HIV transmission and protection to alter behavior effectively and thereby decrease their risk. Also, 21% of respondents spontaneously claimed that they would commit suicide if they tested positive for the HIV antibody. Other motivational and educational strategies besides education, targeting female adolescents, must be used and the consequences of the use of the HIV antibody test must be carefully considered in this age group.
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Legato, Marianne J. "Untangling the Gordian Knot of Human Sexuality." Gender and the Genome 2, no. 3 (July 2018): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2470289718803639.
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There is increasing interest in and tolerance of the lay public for variations in human sexuality. In contrast, the molecular biology that underlies gender identity, the development of gonadal and genital anatomy, and the factors that define sexual behavior is proving unexpectedly complex and is still incompletely understood. It is now evident that humans cannot be characterized as member of 1 of 2 clearly defined units: male or female. In fact, individuals exist on a continuum: those who do not conform unequivocally to the dyadic view of human sex in terms of anatomy, gender identity, and/or sexual behavior should be characterized as having variations in rather than disorders of sexual development. Such individuals can no longer be regarded as anomalies to be rejected, condemned, and, if possible, “corrected” either psychologically or anatomically.
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Wu, Linfeng, Karen B. Chen, and Edward P. Fitts. "Effect of body-gender transfer in virtual reality on the perception of sexual harassment." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 65, no. 1 (September 2021): 1089–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181321651094.
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While sexual harassments are inappropriate behaviors in the society, the interpretation of and sensitivity toward sexual harassment can vary by individual. Differences across individuals, such as gender, may influence whether one interprets an action to be sexually harassing or not. Virtual reality technology enables human behavior assessment without interfacing with physical danger. The present work examined whether gender and body-gender transfer in VR influenced the perception of sexually harassing behaviors, and explored the utility of emerging technology in increasing one’s awareness of behaviors that may be considered sexually harassing. Participants (n=12) embodied in virtual characters of different genders and experienced seven sexually harassing scenarios in an immersive virtual environment in random order. In general, participants provided higher rating to the sensitivity toward sexual harassment in the VR harassment scenarios than those scenarios described on paper. There was an increase in participants’ sensitivity toward sexual harassment after experiencing sexual harassment scenarios from the perspective of the victim in VR. Participants perceived higher level of sexual harassment when they embodied in female avatars, which suggested there was an effect of VR with body-gender transfer on perception of sexual harassment. There were gender differences in awareness of harassing behaviors in VR environment, and VR may be a training method to narrow gender gap and increase awareness toward sexual harassment.
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Bjelica, Artur, Aleksandra Kapamadzija, and Milana Maticki-Sekulic. "Hormones and female sexuality." Medical review 56, no. 9-10 (2003): 446–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0310446b.
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Introduction In contrast to animal species in which linear relationships exist between hormonal status and sexual behaviour sexuality in human population is not determined so simply by the level of sexual steroids. The article analyses female sexuality in the light of hormonal status. Administration of sexual steroids during pregnancy and sexual differentiation High doses of gestagens, especially those with high androgen activity, widely used against miscarriages may lead to tomboys, but without differences in sexual orientation. However, it has been observed that the frequency of bisexual and lesbian women is higher in women with congenital adrenogenital syndrome. Hormones sexual desire and sexuality during menstrual cycle It has been established that sexual desire, autoeroticism and sexual fantasies in women depend on androgen levels. There are a lot of reports claiming that sexual desire varies during the menstrual cycle. Hormonal contraception and sexuality Most patients using birth control pills present with decreased libido. But, there are reports that progestagens with antiandrogenic effect in contraceptive pills do not affect sexual desire. Hormonal changes in peri- and postmenopausal period and sexuality Decreased levels of estrogen and testosterone in older women are associated with decreased libido, sensitivity and erotic stimuli. Sexuality and hormone replacement therapy Hormonal therapy with estrogen is efficient in reference to genital atrophy, but not to sexual desire. Really increased libido is achieved using androgens. Also, therapy with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and tibolone have positive effects on female libido. Conclusion Effect of sexual steroids on sexual sphere of women is very complex. The association between hormones and sexuality is multidimensional, as several hormones are important in regulation of sexual behaviour. Still, it should be pointed out that sexuality is in the domain of hormonal, emotional-motivational and social factors.
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Mokgatle, Mathildah Mpata. "Self-Reported Prevalence of HIV Infection, Sexually Transmitted Infections and Risky Sexual Behavior among Mental Health Care Users Accessing Healthcare Services in Tshwane District, South Africa." Healthcare 9, no. 10 (October 19, 2021): 1398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9101398.
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The rate of HIV and sexually transmitted infections among mental patients is higher than that of the general population worldwide. Many risky sexual behaviors are associated with mental illness. However, mental health care users (MHCUs) are not specifically targeted for HIV preventative care, and routine HIV testing is not done among this population. Limited studies have investigated self-reported HIV and STI prevalence and associated risky sexual behavior in persons with mental illnesses accessing health care services in South Africa in particular. This study set out to determine both the Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) self-reported prevalence and sexual practices of MHCUs. A descriptive cross-sectional survey using purposive sampling was used to select 107 MHCUs across five clinics within Gauteng Province of South Africa who were above the age of 18, had a mental illness, and were currently stable and receiving chronic medication. Descriptive statistics were performed using Stata IC version 16. The chi square test was used to indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05) of differences in frequency distributions. More males (52.5%) than females were currently in a sexual relationship (50.0%), having multiple sexual partners (n = 4.13%), and having alcohol-driven sex (n = 4.19%). The majority of MHCUs (n = 82.77%) had an STI in the past six months, and a quarter (n = 21.25%) were HIV-positive with over two-thirds of MHCU (n = 69.70%) perceiving themselves not at risk for HIV. MHCUs engaged in risky behaviors had a low perception of the risks of contracting HIV. Bivariate analysis of gender by sexual behavior revealed that female MHCUs are more at risk of being forced to have sex compared to males (p = 0.006). Integrated interventions should be put in place to ensure that MHCUs’ sexual and reproductive health are not left behind and issues such as sexual education, safe sex, and sexually transmitted infections should form part of the care of MHCUs.
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HILL, E. "The menstrual cycle and components of human female sexual behaviour." Journal of Social and Biological Systems 11, no. 4 (October 1988): 443–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-1750(88)90082-6.
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Mekonnen, Getachew A. "Determinants of Risky Sexual Behaviors Among Adolescents." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 13, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.290318.
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As adolescence is a stage in which human beings face once throughout a lifetime and it is the experimental period for this reason risky sexual behavior is common among young people, and it has several sexual and reproductive health consequences. In Ethiopia, mostly as in many other settings, the behaviors of adolescents strongly influence the course of STDs including HIV/AIDS due to their risky sexual practices. This study is a descriptive cross sectional survey research design. The finding showed that, Pocket money, peer pressure, substances use and self-efficacy to resist sexual advances are associated with risky sexual behaviors. The findings regarding gender difference showed that there was no statistically significant difference between male and female students with regard to age of first sexual intercourse. Concerned with risk factor for unsafe sexual behavior of adolescents was observed with abuse of alcohol, Khat, Shisha, Tela and cigarette. Providing the necessary knowledge and skills for adolescents, parents and different stakeholders are the suggested recommendation.
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Zhou, Xiaoping, Jichao Zhao, and Xun Liang. "Cyberphysical Human Sexual Behavior Acquisition System (SeBA): Development and Implementation Study in China." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 4 (April 9, 2020): e12677. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/12677.
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Background Sexual health is one of the principal components of human well-being. Traditional methods for observing human sexual behavior typically adopt manual intervention approaches (eg, interviews). However, the data obtained by such traditional approaches suffer from intrinsic bias and limited sample sizes. Objective To address the limitations of traditional human sexual behavior data observation methods, a novel cyberphysical system is proposed to capture natural human sexual behavior data in China at the nationwide level. Methods A cyberphysical human sexual behavior acquisition system (SeBA) was designed and implemented. SeBA jointly utilizes state of the art information and communication technologies such as smart sex toys, smartphones, and mobile social networks. Smart sex toys enable objective collection of data on human sexual behavior, while the mobile social network provides the possibility of partnered sex in a cyberphysical manner. The objectives and function settings are discussed, and the overall framework of the system architecture is presented. Results Operation and privacy policies are proposed and the technical solution of SeBA is described. The effectiveness of SeBA was verified based on analysis of users’ human sexual behavior data collected from January 2016 to June 2017. A total of 103,424 solo sexual behaviors were recorded involving 13,047 users, and 61,007 partnered sexual behaviors from 7,140 users were observed. The proportions of males and females in the solo and partnered sex groups were fairly consistent with recent statistics on unmarried individuals in China. We also found that only a small portion of individuals provided information on at least one other attribute besides the required input of gender, such as age, height, location, job, sex preferences, purposes, and interests. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to analyze objective human sexual behavior data at the nationwide level. Although the data are restricted to China, this study can provide insight for further research on human sexual behavior based on the huge amount of data available from wireless smart sex toys worldwide. It is anticipated that findings from such objective big data analyses can help deepen our understanding of sexual behavior, as well as improve sexual health and sexual wellness.
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Yu, Helen H., and David Lee. "Gender and Public Organization: A Quasi-Experimental Examination of Inclusion on Experiencing and Reporting Wrongful Behavior in the Workplace." Public Personnel Management 49, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091026019836196.
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Most public organizations share values and beliefs and socially constructed patterns of action that guide the behavior of their employees, resulting in their unique organizational culture. Existing literature on police organizations describes an unmistakable culture that celebrates masculine values and a social structure that exists purposely and specifically to repress female officers. Using a survey data set of 1,114 female federal law enforcement officers, this research employs coarsened exact matching to examine perceived inclusion and its effects on women experiencing disrespect by male colleagues and incidences of sexual harassment and sexual discrimination. In addition, reporting behavior is captured for female officers who experience wrongful conduct. The study finds that women who report working in an inclusive organizational culture are less likely to experience pervasive negative attitudes from their male colleagues or occurrences of sexual harassment and sexual discrimination. However, the existence of an inclusive organizational culture did not show a significant difference in reporting sexual harassment or sexual discrimination if women experienced such wrongful behavior.
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Mustafa, Adriana. "PERILAKU SEKSUAL TRANSGENDER (Studi Komparatif Hak Asasi Manusia Antara Perspektif The Universal Declaration of Human Right dan The Cairo Declaration of Human Right)." Al-Risalah Jurnal Ilmu Syariah dan Hukum 19, no. 2 (March 4, 2020): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/al-risalah.v19i2.12837.
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The emergence of the term Transgender in Indonesia first appeared in 1860 and underwent development in the 1990s. In 1986 the term Wadam (Female Adam) emerged, but changed into a transsexual (Male Female). The amendment was based on the objection of several parties because of the use of the name of Adam's Woman. It was considered impolite because the name of the Prophet Adam as.In the Universal Declaration of Human Right, there is indeed no mention of sexual orientation, it must be of the opposite sex, what is concerned about human rights to marry and build families, namely article 16 which is then used as a basis by transgender people to justify deviant sexual behavior they are through same-sex marriage. On the other hand, in the Universal Declaration of Human Right there is also article 18 which guarantees the right of everyone to believe in the teachings of his religion and practice his religious teachings well. While we all know there is no religious teaching in this world that allows sexual behavior to deviate, even the most tolerant religion.
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Trefilov, Andrea, Peter J. P. Croucher, Michael Krawczak, and Jörg Schmidtke. "Genetic Influence on Reproductive Behavior in Female Rhesus Macaques." Twin Research and Human Genetics 8, no. 6 (December 1, 2005): 551–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.8.6.551.
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AbstractCommentary on Cherkas et al. (2004). Genetic Influences on Female Infidelity and Number of Sexual Partners in Humans: A Linkage and Association Study on the Role of the Vasopressin Receptor Gene (AVPR1A). Twin Research, 7, 649–658.
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Leidner, Andrew J., Harrell W. Chesson, and Makram Talih. "HPV vaccine status and sexual behavior among young sexually-active women in the US: evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2014." Health Economics, Policy and Law 15, no. 4 (May 21, 2019): 477–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744133119000136.
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AbstractConcern has been expressed that human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programs might promote risky sexual behavior through mechanisms such as risk compensation, behavioral disinhibition, or perceived endorsement of sexual activity. This study assesses whether HPV vaccination status is associated with any differences in selected sexual behaviors among young sexually-active women in the US. Our dataset includes young, adult female respondents from questionnaire data collected in the National Center for Health Statistics' National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2014. The empirical approach implements a doubly robust estimation procedure, based on inverse probability of treatment weighting. For robustness, we implement several specifications for the propensity model and the outcomes model. We find no consistent association between HPV vaccination and condom usage or frequency of sex. Specifically, we find no evidence that HPV vaccination is associated with condom usage or with whether a person had sex more than 52 or more than 104 times per year. We find inconsistent evidence that HPV vaccination is associated with a person having sex more than 12 times per year. As in previous research, HPV vaccination does not appear to have a substantive effect on sexual behavior among young sexually-active women in the US.
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Lanfranchi, Angela. "A Scientific Basis for Humanae Vitae and Natural Law." Linacre Quarterly 85, no. 2 (April 12, 2018): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0024363918756191.
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This article will review Humanae Vitae’s predictions of the effect of oral contraceptives (the pill) on male–female relationships and societal behaviors. A scientific, biochemical basis underpinning these predictions is made. Evidence of human pheromones will be given. Evidence for the changes in male and female pheromones caused by the pill is given. Observational and experimental evidence of changes in primate and human behaviors by pheromones is detailed. The role these changes have caused in attractiveness and selection of mate by both males and females in preferences concerning major histocompatibility genes is examined. These changes have also resulted in societal changes in sexual behavior and family structure and have led to increased violence against women. Biochemical evidence for the abortifacient properties of the pill is given. The use of natural family planning is given as a needed alternative to the harms of the pill. Summary: The human biological bases of Humanae Vitae’s predictions of the effect of the pill on male–female relationships are examined. Evidence of the presence of pheromones in primates and humans is given. The pill changes human pheromones, odors which are subconsciously detected. These pheromones cause humans to change what they find attractive in a mate. Choosing a mate while on the pill can result in unstable and more violent unions. The biological basis for the fact that the pill causes abortion of human embryos is given. A healthy alternative for fertility control is explained.
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Kim, Ssirai, Sun-Young Lee, and Smi Choi-Kwon. "Cervical Cancer Screening and Human Papillomavirus Vaccination among Korean Sexual Minority Women by Sex of Their Sexual Partners." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (November 30, 2020): 8924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238924.
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Cervical cancer-preventive behaviors in Korean sexual minority women (SMW) are underexplored. We aimed to assess the differences in cervical cancer screening uptake and completion of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among Korean SMW by sex of their sexual partners. This cross-sectional study used data from the 2017 Korean Sexual Minority Women’s Health Study; we included Korean lesbian and bisexual women aged ≥20 years. They were divided into three groups: SMW with more than one male sexual partner (male only/both), SMW with only female sexual partners (female-only), or no sexual partner (no partner). Among the 671 participants, 266 (39.6%), 294 (43.8%), and 111 (16.5%) belonged to the male-only/both, female-only, and no partner groups, respectively. Compared to the male-only/both group, the female-only group was significantly less likely to have undergone cervical cancer screening (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.15–0.37) and to have completed HPV vaccinations (AOR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.37–0.91). In conclusion, Korean SMW with only female sexual partners had lower cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination completion rates than SMW who had male sexual partners. More extensive efforts are needed to improve cervical cancer-preventive behaviors among Korean SMW.
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Wong, William C. W., Ben Fong, and Paul K. S. Chan. "Acceptance of human papillomavirus vaccination among first year female university students in Hong Kong." Sexual Health 6, no. 4 (2009): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh09017.
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The present study assessed sexual behaviour, knowledge and attitudes among first year university students in order to identify factors that may affect their acceptance of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. A cross-sectional survey was conducted at the Chinese University of Hong Kong in August 2006. The survey was a self-administered questionnaire comprising questions regarding general health, sexual behaviour, knowledge about HPV and cervical cancer, and attitudes towards vaccination. χ2, anova and logistic regression tests were used to identify associations between categories. Of 992 students, 63 (6.5%) reported having had sexual intercourse, 22.4% of whom had had more than one sexual partner and 36.5% had had unprotected sexual intercourse. A total of 70.8% of participants were willing to accept the HPV vaccine, with ‘willingness’ independently associated with age, having had sexual intercourse and beliefs regarding the effectiveness of vaccination (P < 0.05). Understanding the role of these influences can aid in the design of successful HPV education, prevention and vaccination programs.
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james, william h. "biological and psychosocial determinants of male and female human sexual orientation." Journal of Biosocial Science 37, no. 5 (November 17, 2004): 555–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932004007059.
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some propositions on male and female sexual orientation will be considered. some of these are established; others are more speculative. the aim is to offer some notes towards a coherent, comprehensive theory of sexual orientation. 1. the distinction between butch and femme lesbians seems real rather than a social construct. 2. high levels of prenatal steroid hormones seem to be causally associated with the sexual orientation of butch lesbians. however it is not established whether the causal process operates prenatally or postnatally (or both). this is so because prenatal hormone levels are thought to correlate positively with postnatal hormone levels. and high postnatal hormone levels may facilitate homosexual behaviour as a consequence of sensation-seeking. 3. male bisexuals also are interpreted to have been exposed to high prenatal testosterone levels. but (for reasons similar to those outlined above in regard to butch lesbians) it is unclear whether these have a direct prenatal effect on the brain or whether they are precursors of high postnatal testosterone levels, which are associated with male bisexual orientation by promoting sensation-seeking behaviour. 4. postnatal learning processes seem to be causally involved in the sexual orientation of some femme lesbians and some exclusive male homosexuals. 5. some homosexual men have genes that predispose to their sexual orientation. 6. the same may apply to some lesbians, but such genes have not, as far as i know, been identified. 7. people (of both sexes) who engage in same-sex sexual behaviour may be classified simultaneously in two ways, viz (1) ‘active’ vs ‘passive’ and (2) those who do and those who do not engage (or consider engaging) in sex with members of the opposite sex. ex hypothesi, some of the ‘active’ ones initiate some of the ‘passive’ ones. the active ones are driven more by hormones and the passive ones by psychosocial factors. the active males contain a substantial proportion of self-identified bisexuals; and the active females a substantial proportion of self-identified butches. 8. these two active categories (butch lesbians and male bisexuals) share a number of endocrinological, psychological, morphological and behavioural features vis-à-vis their exclusively homosexual and heterosexual peers. methods of testing some of these ideas are presented.
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Pham, Michael N., Todd K. Shackelford, Lisa L. M. Welling, Alyse D. Ehrke, Yael Sela, and Aaron T. Goetz. "Oral Sex, Semen Displacement, and Sexual Arousal: Testing the Ejaculate Adjustment Hypothesis." Evolutionary Psychology 11, no. 5 (December 2013): 147470491301100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147470491301100515.
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Male Indian Flying Foxes ( Pteropus giganteus) that spend more time performing oral sex on a female also spend more time copulating with her. In humans, men who spend more time copulating with their regular partner also perform more “semen-displacing” copulatory behaviors (e.g., deeper, more vigorous penile thrusting). We investigated whether men who spend more time performing oral sex on their regular partner also spend more time copulating with her and perform more semen-displacing copulatory behaviors. We proposed and tested the ejaculate adjustment hypothesis for men's copulatory behaviors: Men adjust their copulatory behaviors to increase their sexual arousal and consequent ejaculate quality, thereby increasing their chances of success in sperm competition. Two hundred and thirty-three men in a committed, heterosexual relationship responded to questions about their copulatory behavior and sexual arousal during their most recent sexual encounter with their long-term partner. The results indicated that men who spend more time performing oral sex on their partner also spend more time copulating with her, perform more semen-displacing copulatory behaviors, and report greater sexual arousal. We discuss limitations to the current research and highlight the heuristic value of sperm competition theory for understanding human sexual behaviors.
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Chen, Min, Yong Liao, Jia Liu, Wenjie Fang, Nan Hong, Xiaofei Ye, Jianjun Li, Qinglong Tang, Weihua Pan, and Wanqing Liao. "Comparison of Sexual Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior between Female Chinese College Students from Urban Areas and Rural Areas: A Hidden Challenge for HIV/AIDS Control in China." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8175921.
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Currently, research in sexual behavior and awareness in female Chinese college students (FCCSs) is limited, particularly regarding the difference and the influencing factors between students from rural areas and urban areas. To fill the gap in available data, a cross-sectional study using anonymous questionnaires was conducted among 3193 female students from six universities located in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, China, from February to June, 2013. Of the 2669 respondents, 20.6% and 20.9% of the students from urban and rural areas, respectively, reported being sexually experienced. The proportion of students who received safe-sex education prior to entering university from rural areas (22.4%, 134/598) was lower (P<0.0001) than the proportion from urban areas (41.8%, 865/2071). Sexual behavior has become increasingly common among FCCSs, including high-risk sexual behavior such as unprotected commercial sex. However, knowledge concerning human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) transmission and the risks is insufficient, particularly for those from rural areas, which is a challenge for HIV/AIDS control in China. The Chinese government should establish more specific HIV/AIDS prevention policies for Chinese young women, strengthen sex education, and continue to perform relevant research.
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Melis, Maria Rosaria, and Antonio Argiolas. "Oxytocin, Erectile Function and Sexual Behavior: Last Discoveries and Possible Advances." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (September 26, 2021): 10376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910376.
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A continuously increasing amount of research shows that oxytocin is involved in numerous central functions. Among the functions in which oxytocin is thought to be involved are those that play a role in social and sexual behaviors, and the involvement of central oxytocin in erectile function and sexual behavior was indeed one of the first to be discovered in laboratory animals in the 1980s. The first part of this review summarizes the results of studies done in laboratory animals that support a facilitatory role of oxytocin in male and female sexual behavior and reveal mechanisms through which this ancient neuropeptide participates in concert with other neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in this complex function, which is fundamental for the species reproduction. The second part summarizes the results of studies done mainly with intranasal oxytocin in men and women with the aim to translate the results found in laboratory animals to humans. Unexpectedly, the results of these studies do not appear to confirm the facilitatory role of oxytocin found in male and female sexual behavior in animals, both in men and women. Possible explanations for the failure of oxytocin to improve sexual behavior in men and women and strategies to attempt to overcome this impasse are considered.
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Laband, David N., and Bernard F. Lentz. "The Effects of Sexual Harassment on Job Satisfaction, Earnings, and Turnover among Female Lawyers." ILR Review 51, no. 4 (July 1998): 594–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399805100403.
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Using data from the American Bar Association's National Survey of Career Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction (1990), the authors estimate the incidence and impact of sexual harassment in the legal profession. Nearly two-thirds of female lawyers in private practice and nearly half of those in corporate or public agency settings reported either experiencing or observing sexual harassment by male superiors, colleagues, or clients during the two years prior to the survey. Female lawyers who had experienced or observed sexual harassment by male superiors or colleagues reported lower overall job satisfaction than did those who had not, as well as a greater intention to quit. The authors speculate that employers and coworkers may sometimes be able to sexually harass female employees in ways or degrees that are not sanctionable but that induce the victims to quit. Sexual harassment may contribute to an undetermined extent to many aspects of women's employment experience, including absenteeism, turnover, productivity rates and work motivation, job dissatisfaction, and unemployment. —MacKinnon, Sexual Harassment of Working Women
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Thacker, Rebecca A., and Stephen F. Gohmann. "Male/Female Differences in Perceptions and Effects of Hostile Environment Sexual Harassment: “Reasonable” Assumptions?" Public Personnel Management 22, no. 3 (September 1993): 461–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102609302200309.
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Two recent court decisions have dealt with the appropriate legal standard for determining reasonableness in hostile environment sexual harassment cases. This paper discusses the “reasonable woman” standard adopted by these courts and explores the notion that gender-based differences in definition of sexually harassing behaviors do, in fact, exist. And secondly, the paper investigates the issue of gender-based differences in the emotional and psychological effects of hostile environment harassment. Data from a major survey of sexual harassment in the federal workplace are analyzed.
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Malecki, I. A., and P. K. Rybnik-Trzaskowska. "325. INVESTIGATION INTO THE EXPRESSION OF HUMAN FRIENDLY BEHAVIOUR IN THE OSTRICH (STRUTHIO CAMELUS) - EFFECT OF IMPRINTING." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 9 (2010): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb10abs325.
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In birds, filial imprinting to humans occurs after artificial hatching, which may lead to human following and sexual imprinting. We investigated the effect of imprinting on expression of favourable to human behaviours in juvenile ostriches. For the first seven days from hatching, the birds were exposed to a dummy female. At 12 months of age, a year before ostriches reach sexual maturity, the males (n = 25) were given testosterone intramuscularly in five every second day injections to induce precocial sexual behaviour. Additional six males, not exposed to the dummy, received the vehicle. Two weeks after the first injection, behavioural data collection commenced and, a range of behaviours were scored in five times over the period of 2 weeks from the last injection. The behaviours were given a score of 1 (behaviour present) or 0 (behaviour not present). The males exposed to a dummy female (n = 11) scored less for friendly to human behaviours than those not exposed to a dummy. No courtship type behaviour was observed in all males. Plasma testosterone concentrations increased and reached maximum levels by day 6 post-injection in exposed and not exposed to a dummy males but the levels were not different from the control (vehicle). We conclude that exposure to a dummy led to less friendly to human behaviour, while absence of the dummy led to more friendly behaviour towards humans. Testosterone injections failed to induce precocial sexual behaviour possibly because the amount given was insufficient or the birds could not yet express sexual behaviour to humans. The levels of testosterone in blood plasma occurred coincidently as they were probably associated with pre-pubertal development.
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Cherkas, Lynn F., Elizabeth C. Oelsner, Y. T. Mak, Anna Valdes, and Tim D. Spector. "Genetic Influences on Female Infidelity and Number of Sexual Partners in Humans: A Linkage and Association Study of the Role of the Vasopressin Receptor Gene (AVPR1A)." Twin Research 7, no. 6 (December 1, 2004): 649–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.7.6.649.
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AbstractIn humans, in contrast to animals, the genetic influences on infidelity are unclear. We report here a large study of over 1600 unselected United Kingdom female twin pairs who confidentially reported previous episodes of infidelity and total lifetime number of sexual partners, as well as attitudes towards infidelity. Our findings demonstrate that infidelity and number of sexual partners are both under moderate genetic influence (41% and 38% heritable, respectively) and the genetic correlation between these two traits is strong (47%). Conversely, attitudes towards infidelity are driven by shared and unique environmental, but not genetic, influences. A genome-wide linkage scan identified three suggestive but nonsignificant linkage areas associated with infidelity and number of sexual partners on chromosomes 3, 7 and 20 with a maximum LOD score of 2.46. We were unsuccessful in associating infidelity or number of sexual partners with a locus implicated in other mammals' sexual behavior, the vasopressin receptor gene. Nonetheless, our findings on the heritabil-ity of sexual infidelity and number of sexual partners provide support for certain evolutionary theories of human sexual behavior, as well as justifying further genetic and molecular research in this domain.
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Belle, Johanes A., and Nokuthula N. Gamedze. "Behavioral factors contributing to the transmission of HIV and AIDS amongst young women of Mbabane in Swaziland." African Health Sciences 19, no. 3 (November 4, 2019): 2302–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i3.2.
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Background: HIV and AIDS remains a pandemic that has greatly affected many regions and countries in the world. Africa is the hardest hit region by tthis disease while southern Africa appears to be the melting pot for HIV and AIDS. The HIV and AIDS pandemic remains the greatest sustainable human development and public health challenge for Swaziland. Swaziland is the world’s worst affected country with the youth the most vulnerable group to HIV and AIDS due to many factors.Objectives:’Methods: This study investigated the behavioral factors that contributed to the transmission of HIV and AIDS among female youth of Mbabane in Swaziland and to suggest measures that could encourage positive female youth behavior change in order to mitigate the spread and impacts of the pandemic. The study used a qualitative research approach in order to gain an in-depth experience of female youths in Mabane. Data were collected using a questionnaire, which were distributed to 210 randomly sampled females aged 16 to 24 years in Mbabane and who attended Mbabane Public Health Unit. The Behavior Change Communication (BCC) theoretical framework was usedin order to contextualize the study.Results: Most respondents were female-single youth (64%), almost half (45%) had a high school education and most were unemployed (57%) with little or no source of income. The majority (88%) were sexually active and the main sources of HIV/AIDS transmission was through sex. For many (52%) health facilities were their main source of HIV and AIDS information. The majority (97%) were knowledgeable about HIV and AIDS, but casual sex, inconsistent condom usage and early sexual debut among others were still prevalent indicating resistance to behavior change.Conclusion: The findings indicated that though the majority of the respondents had knowledge of HIV and AIDS, positive behavior change remained a challenge. Most respondents (88%) had one sexual partner with 38% reporting condom use during their last sexual encounter. HIV/AIDS awareness was widespread. However, there were still characteristics of resistance to behavior change, because there was evidence of underestimation of HIV risk through engagement in behavior, which contributed to HIV infection and spread.Behavioral change measures using the BCC model is proposed.Keywords: BCC Model, behavior change, HIV, AIDS, youth, Swaziland.
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Peplau, Letitia Anne. "Human Sexuality." Current Directions in Psychological Science 12, no. 2 (April 2003): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.01221.
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A large body of scientific research documents four important gender differences in sexuality. First, on a wide variety of measures, men show greater sexual desire than do women. Second, compared with men, women place greater emphasis on committed relationships as a context for sexuality. Third, aggression is more strongly linked to sexuality for men than for women. Fourth, women's sexuality tends to be more malleable and capable of change over time. These male-female differences are pervasive, affecting thoughts and feelings as well as behavior, and they characterize not only heterosexuals but lesbians and gay men as well. Implications of these patterns are considered.
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Tirado-González, Sonia, Antonio Navarro-Sánchez, Antonio Compañ-Rosique, Paloma Luri-Prieto, Jesús Rodríguez-Marín, Carlos J. Van-der Hofstadt-Román, María Berenguer Soler, et al. "Validation of the Center of Applied Psychology Female Sexuality Questionnaire (CAPFS-Q)." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 12 (June 18, 2021): 2686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10122686.
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Instruments for the measurement of human sexuality include self-report measures used to assess sexual functioning, but many of them have not yet been validated. The Center of Applied Psychology Female Sexual Questionnaire (CAPFS-Q) is an original self-report instrument. It has been developed for the study of sexuality in specific non-clinical populations, such as female university students of Medicine and other Health Sciences. The CAPFS-Q includes 26 items, organized as follows: sociodemographic and relevant data (four items); aspects of sexual relations with partner (five items); sexual practices (12 from 13 items); and dysfunctional aspects of sexual relations (four items). CAPFS-Q validity and reliability were examined in a sample of Spanish female university students of Health Sciences. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (FA) showed a four-factor structure which explained 71.6% of the variance. This initial version of the CAPFS-Q is a reliable measure of women’s sexual behavior, with a dimensionality that replicates the initial theoretical content and with adequate indicators of internal consistency, validity, and test–retest reliability. It is easy to administer and to complete.
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Bishara, Hanan. "Sex and Sexual Fantasy among the Arabs in the Middle Ages." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 5 (May 16, 2020): 96–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.75.7889.
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Dealing with the theme of sex among the Arabs in the Middle Ages requires distinction between two stages: the pre-revelation of the Koran and the life of Prophet Muhammad stage, and the post- Prophet stage, including the Umayyad and Abbasid ages. The Arabs were interested in the subject of 'sex' in an incomparable way, and this appears in their over-talking about everything that is related to the female sex organs and her reproductive system such as female circumcision, puberty, engagement, marriage, sexual intercourse, haymen, virginity and non-virginity. In addition, the Arabs dealt with the shortcomings of the wife, her childbearing and child birth, breastfeeding, nikaḥ al-mutʿah, literally "pleasure marriage", adultery, fornication, sexual deviation, male homosexuality (liwatt) and female homosexuality (lesbianism), which is called "sihaq" in Arabic. Islam gave interest to 'sexuality' because the sexual passion is a human instinct and a phenomenon that affects the behavior of human beings Therefore, it should be cultivated and refined without going away from its reality and the human tendencies that God created in the human being. According to Islam, the human being does not have to nullify his instincts or control them just for control's sake, but he has to employ them according to the Islamic Law (Shariʿa).
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Sweeney, Patrick, Michelle N. Bedenbaugh, Jose Maldonado, Pauline Pan, Katelyn Fowler, Savannah Y. Williams, Luis E. Gimenez, et al. "The melanocortin-3 receptor is a pharmacological target for the regulation of anorexia." Science Translational Medicine 13, no. 590 (April 21, 2021): eabd6434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abd6434.
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Ablation of hypothalamic AgRP (Agouti-related protein) neurons is known to lead to fatal anorexia, whereas their activation stimulates voracious feeding and suppresses other motivational states including fear and anxiety. Despite the critical role of AgRP neurons in bidirectionally controlling feeding, there are currently no therapeutics available specifically targeting this circuitry. The melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) is expressed in multiple brain regions and exhibits sexual dimorphism of expression in some of those regions in both mice and humans. MC3R deletion produced multiple forms of sexually dimorphic anorexia that resembled aspects of human anorexia nervosa. However, there was no sexual dimorphism in the expression of MC3R in AgRP neurons, 97% of which expressed MC3R. Chemogenetic manipulation of arcuate MC3R neurons and pharmacologic manipulation of MC3R each exerted potent bidirectional regulation over feeding behavior in male and female mice, whereas global ablation of MC3R-expressing cells produced fatal anorexia. Pharmacological effects of MC3R compounds on feeding were dependent on intact AgRP circuitry in the mice. Thus, the dominant effect of MC3R appears to be the regulation of the AgRP circuitry in both male and female mice, with sexually dimorphic sites playing specialized and subordinate roles in feeding behavior. Therefore, MC3R is a potential therapeutic target for disorders characterized by anorexia, as well as a potential target for weight loss therapeutics.
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Clay, Zanna, Simone Pika, Thibaud Gruber, and Klaus Zuberbühler. "Female bonobos use copulation calls as social signals." Biology Letters 7, no. 4 (March 2, 2011): 513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.1227.
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During mating events, females of many primate species produce loud and distinct vocalizations known as ‘copulation calls’. The adaptive significance of these signals is considered to be in promoting the caller's direct reproductive success. Here, we investigated copulation calling in bonobos ( Pan paniscus ), a species in which females produce these vocalizations during sexual interactions with partners of both sexes. Females were more likely to call when mating with males than with females. We also observed a positive relationship between the likelihood of calling and partner rank, regardless of partner sex. Sexual activity generally increased with swelling size (an indicator of reproductive state) and, during their peak swelling, females called more with male than with female partners. Female bonobos are unusual among the non-human primates in terms of their heightened socio-sexuality. Our results suggest that in this species, copulation calls have undergone an evolutionary transition from a purely reproductive to a more general social function, reflecting the intrinsic evolutionary links between vocal behaviour and social cognition.
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Elsayed Azab, Azab. "The Role of Oxytocin, Prolactin, and Estrogen in Male Sexual Functions." Journal of Clinical Research and Reports 10, no. 3 (February 8, 2022): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/228.
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Background: The dysfunction in sexual ability has effects on the quality of life in men. Oxytocin plays a role in sexual and social behaviors. Hyperprolactemic males had erectile dysfunction. Endogenous estrogens in men, are not only important for health integrity but can additionally cause the promotion of many diseases. Objectives: The current review aimed to high light on the role of oxytocin, prolactin, and estrogen in male sexual functions. Oxytocin neurons have been heavily implicated in mediating sexual behavior in both humans and animals. Oxytocin hormone regulates social behaviors such as mating, maternal/paternal care, and bonding. Oxytocin levels rise during mating in females and males in humans and animals and may mediate anxiolytic/calming effects of sexual activity and antidepressant effects.Oxytocin’s role in regulating erection and ejaculation has been studied in mice and rats. Oxytocinergic projections from the paraventricular nucleus to the hippocampus, medulla oblongata, and spinal cord facilitate penile erection. Prolactin (PRL) serves a dual function both as a circulatory hormone and as a cytokine. PRL is known to be involved in the control of male copulatory behavior in humans, mice, rats, and other rodent models. It release during copulation in males and has a positive modulation for various aspects of testicular functions which hinting at the crucial role of prolactin in male reproduction. The lower concentration of prolactin was associated with reduced seminal vesicle volume and ejaculate in the infertile human male. Hypoprolactinemia has been associated with premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction. Hyperprolactinemia can be caused by tumors, drugs, or idiopathic, leading to alterations in sexual behavior as loss of libido and erectile dysfunction. It is also reported that it can cause endocrine disturbances leading to abnormal levels of testosterone, FSH, and LH. Chronic hyperprolactinaemia suppresses copulatory behaviour in animal models and yields sexual dysfunction and other side effects in men. In men, testosterone acting via its action on androgen receptors may be dependent on the action of aromatase enzyme on of testosterone and converting it to estradiol (E2). Estrogens act through ERα and ERβ at the plasma membrane and in the nucleus to regulate functions of many organs in men. The role of estradiol action on libido is seen at various levels of regulation, starting with direct effects in the brain. Not only does estradiol modulate sexual behavior in the adult male, it also appears to organize the early brain to program sexual behavior. The exact role of estradiol in each area of male sexual function including libido, spermatogenesis, and erectile function is difficult to determine. A complex balance of testosterone, estradiol, aromatase, and estrogen receptors in brain, testes, and penis, confirmed the indispensable and highly regulated hormonal interaction of estrogen in the male. Conclusion: It can be concluded that oxytocin hormone regulates social behaviors such as mating, maternal/paternal care, and bonding. PRL is involved in the control of male copulatory behavior in humans, rats, mice, and other rodent models. Hypoprolactinemia has been associated with reduced seminal vesicle volume, premature ejaculation, and erectile dysfunction. Hyperprolactinemia can be caused by tumors, drugs, or idiopathic, leading to alterations in sexual behavior as loss of libido and erectile dysfunction. Also, hyperprolactemic males had erectile dysfunction. Estradiol modulates sexual behavior in the adult male, and appears to organize the early brain to program sexual behavior.
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Spasojevic, Goran, Zlatan Stojanovic, Dusan Suscevic, and Slobodan Malobabic. "Sexual dimorphism of the human corpus callosum: Digital morphometric study." Vojnosanitetski pregled 63, no. 11 (2006): 933–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0611933s.
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Background/Aim. Changes in the morphology and the size of the corpus callosum, are related to various pathological conditions. An analysis of these changes requires data about sexual dimorphism of the corpus callosum, which we tried to obtain in our study. We also investigated the method of digital morphometry and compared the obtained results with the results of other authors obtained by magnetic resonance imaging or by planimetry. Methods. A morphological research included 34 human brains (cadavers of both sexes ? 19 female and 15 male aged 26?72 years). By digital morphometry using an AutoCAD software we performed measurements in the corpus callosum: the length (L), width in the half of its length (WW?), length of its cortical margin (LCM), area and perimeter of the anterior and posterior callosal segments, as well as the area and perimeter of the corpus callosum section area. The investigated parameters were analyzed and compared between the females and males. Results. There was not a statistically significant difference between the males and females in the investigated parameters of the corpus callosum (t test; p > 0.05), including the mean values of the two most important parameters, the surface of its midsagittal section area (males 654.11 mm2; females 677.40 mm2) and of its perimeter (males 19.61 cm; females 19.72 cm). The results obtained by digital morphometry were in the range of the results of other authors obtained by magnetic resonance and by planimetry. However, the value of Pearson coefficient of linear correlation between the section surface area and perimeter of the corpus callosum in the males was highly significant (rxy = 0.6943, p < 0.01), while in the females this value was statistically insignificant. Conclusion. Digital morphometry is accurate method in encephalometric investigations. Our results suggest that the problem of sexual dimorphism of the corpus callosum is very complex, because the identical variables (section surface area or its perimeter) do not exhibit the same behavior in males and in females, implicating that these variables even cannot be simply compared between the sexes.
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Sunardi, Kartika Setyaningsih, Evi Martha, and Essi Guspaneza. "Potret Self-system Remaja dengan Perilaku Tindakan Seksual Berisiko di Provinsi Jambi." Jurnal Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia 15, no. 2 (June 12, 2020): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jpki.15.2.59-64.
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Background: Indonesia's largest population group is adolescents. Adolescents have a critical period in the human life cycle and put adolescents vulnerable to the influence of sexual risky behavior. The purpose of this study was to describe the self-portrait system that causes the sexual risky behavior of adolescents in Jambi Province.Method: This was quantitative research using a cross-sectional design. As much as 661 unmarried male and female adolescents (15-24 years) in Jambi Province involved as the sample of the 2017 IDHS. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis.Results: The result showed 68.1% of adolescents performed sexual risky behavior in Jambi Province. The Self-System Factors associated with sexual risky behavior of adolescents were age, knowledge, attitude, and alcohol consumption. The probability of adolescents in the age group of 20-24 years, who have low knowledge, negative attitudes, and consumed alcohol will perform sexual risky behavior of 95.78%. The result of the multivariate analysis found that the most influential variable with sexual risky behavior in adolescents was the attitude. It is suggested to the Department of Health and BKKBN to increase sexual knowledge about reproductive health and sexuality to adolescents.
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Beal, Brian. "Changing image of the ideal manager." Human Resource Management International Digest 24, no. 3 (May 9, 2016): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hrmid-01-2016-0010.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to extend the “think manager, think male” research paradigm by examining managerial stereotypes as a function of both gender and sexual orientation, thus comparing the similarity of managerial stereotypes against the stereotypes of male (heterosexual and gay) and female (heterosexual and lesbian) managers. Design/methodology/approach In total, 163 heterosexual participants used the 92-item “Descriptive Index” attribute inventory to rate one of five target groups: successful managers, heterosexual male managers, heterosexual female managers, gay male managers and lesbian female managers. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the degree of correspondence between ratings of the target groups. Findings The findings showed a higher correspondence between the descriptions of heterosexual male or female managers and the successful manager prototype than between the descriptions of gay male managers and the successful manager prototype. Additionally, results showed that the stereotypes of lesbian female managers were seen as having a moderate level of fit with the successful manager prototype. Originality/value This study it is the first empirical investigation to assess whether the “think manager, think male” phenomenon holds for managers who are members of sexual minority groups.
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Rosell, Ellen, Kathy Miller, and Karen Barber. "Firefighting Women and Sexual Harassment." Public Personnel Management 24, no. 3 (September 1995): 339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102609502400306.
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Utilizing the results from a nationwide sample of fire departments and women firefighters, this article analyzes whether there are differences between sexually harassed women firefighters and their non-harassed female co-workers. The findings reflect no differences on demographic and departmental characteristics. Sexually harassed women firefighters, however, report more job stress, sexual stereotyping, and acts of violence. They feared coming to work and used sick leave more often than their non-harassed co-workers. Implications for the fire service and other male-dominated public agencies are discussed and strategies for implementing an aggressive sexual harassment policy are provided.
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Su, Yingying, Feixue Wei, Xiumin Huang, Yafei Li, Lingxian Qiu, Fangfang Hu, Chaoqi Yang, et al. "Prevalence, Concordance, and Transmission of Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Heterosexual Couples in Liuzhou, China: An Observational Perspective Study." Journal of Infectious Diseases 220, no. 6 (May 10, 2019): 980–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz224.
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Abstract Background Knowledge of human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission dynamics, which have important public health implications for designing HPV vaccination strategies, is scarce in undeveloped areas. Methods From May to July 2014, 390 couples were enrolled from the general population in Liuzhou, China. Exfoliated cells from male penis shaft/glans penis/coronary sulcus (PGC) and perianal/anal canal (PA) sites and from female vaginal, vulvar, and PA sites were collected biannually for 1 year. Results The HPV type-specific concordance rate between couples was 15.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.5%–25.0%). For anogenital HPV transmission, the male-to-female transmission rate (11.5 [95% CI, 4.3–30.7] per 1000 person-months) was similar to the female-to-male transmission rate (11.3 [95% CI, 5.9–21.7] per 1000 person-months). The concordance rates between male PGC site and female vaginal, vulvar, and PA sites were 20.0%, 21.8%, and 14.9%, respectively, which were significantly higher than expected by chance. Infections transmitted from males to females seemed mainly originated from male genital sites, whereas for female-to-male transmission, the vaginal, vulvar, and PA sites might be all involved. Conclusions Among the heterosexual couples with relatively conservative sexual behavior, the anogenital HPV transmission rate for females to males is similar to that of males to females. In addition to the vagina and vulva, the female PA site is also an important reservoir for HPV transmission.
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Wong, K. H., S. S. Lee, Y. C. Lo, and K. K. Lo. "Condom Use among Female Commercial Sex Workers and Male Clients in Hong Kong." International Journal of STD & AIDS 5, no. 4 (July 1994): 287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646249400500412.
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The use of condoms is an aid to protection against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). In a one-and-a-half month period in mid-1993, 190 commercial female sex workers and 633 male clients of 8 Social Hygiene Clinics in Hong Kong were interviewed on their practice in condom usage. For both sex workers and clients, 18.5% and 22.8% never and 55.3% and 50.3% seldom used condoms during sexual contacts with paying partners and non-paying partners respectively. The majority (86%) of male clients claimed that they would use a condom if they knew it could reduce risk of contracting HIV and other STD. Condom promotion activities are necessary, particularly for those at higher risk of infection because of their sexual behaviour.
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Chaumaroeng, Maneebongkot, and Alessio Panza. "Prevalence and factors associated with safe sex behaviors among adolescent vocational students in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand." Journal of Health Research 34, no. 1 (August 14, 2019): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhr-03-2019-0061.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the prevalence and factors associated with safe sex behavior among vocational students in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand, and to determine the modifying factors listed as socio-demographic characteristic, the level of HIV and sexually transmitted infections’ knowledge, attitude toward reproductive health, and safe sex behavior among vocational students in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional descriptive research was conducted from August to October 2018. The multistage stratified sampling, combined with purpose and random sampling, was used to select the participants. One vocational college with the highest number from urban, suburban and rural areas was purposely selected. The sample calculation by using Cochran’s formula, a random sampling by drawing from each college with male and female, was made to obtain the sample size of 355 students. Inclusion criteria included: vocational students, both male and female, aged between 15 and 19 years, resided in the study area, and volunteered to participate. Ethical consent including waiver of the parent’s consent for the participant aged under 18 years for this study was approved by the Institution Review Board for Human Research Ethics, Chulalongkorn University (Certification number JV 823/2561) A self-administered questionnaire was adapted by the principle researcher from the illustrative questionnaire for interview survey with young people (14), and The study of Prevalence of HIV, STD, Drug Use and Risk Behaviors in Adolescents and Young Adults, in Chaing Rai, Thailand (PRAYA) tool (15). All statistical analyses were performed by SPSS version 22. Findings The finding revealed that 332 participants were male (57.8 percent) and female (42.2 percent) with an average age of 16.8 years (±1.7). Approximately 60 percent of males and 50 percent of females had experience of sexual intercourse, with their first experience of sexual intercourse at the average age of 15. Most respondents 63.1 percent used a condom and 63.6 percent used contraception in their latest sexual intercourse. About 41.9 percent consumed alcohol and 15 percent reported substance abused. Sexual intercourse among adolescents vocational students were significantly associated with high knowledge of contraception (OR=0.30, 95%CI=0.10–0.82). Positive attitude toward reproductive health had a significant association with sexual intercourse (OR=0.17, 95%CI=0.05–0.58). Sexual intercourse among vocational students were also significant associated with low risk behavior (OR=0.45, 95%CI=0.22–0.91) and high risk behaviors (OR=0.24, 95% CI=0.10–0.59). Contraceptive used in the latest sexual intercourse had a significant association with cues to action (OR=0.43, 95% CI=0.22–0.86). Research limitations/implications This study used a self-reported questionnaire to collect information from participants about safe sex behaviors, which might contain bias data and socially desirable answers. The time for collecting data did not match vocational students’ schedule as they were about to have their final exams. An error in this questionnaire was the absence of condom use as one of the contraception methods. Practical implications The study showed that both male and female vocational students in Nakhon Ratchasima have a low level of knowledge of HIV, STIs and contraception. This study revealed that females have higher knowledge of all the factors more than males. Males usually received more harassment from peers for being sexually active than females do. Condoms and contraceptive used are inconsistent in all research conducted and have no common ground. Communication related to sex for those who have no partner was poor compared to students who have a partner. The four factors associated with safe sex behaviors should always be considered and surveyed among vocational students, as the study showed that all results vary for a future adolescence study. Social implications This research aims at government authorities. The policy makers should include reproductive health and rights in the curriculum. The Ministry of Public health and The Ministry of Education should provide training for the trainer program for teachers concerning safe sex behaviors. For future research, in-depth interview and qualitative study should be used to increase the reliability of the result of the inconsistency of using a condom and contraception. The researcher should do further studies into vocational college semester schedules before collecting data and should spend more time in the college, so the students become more acquainted to the researcher and give a more truthful answer. Moreover, condom use should be added as one of the contraception methods. Originality/value This is the first study among vocational students in Nakhon Ratchasima Province which emphasizes specifically on safe sex behaviors and factors related to it. Regarding the population of vocational students, this study covers almost 80 percent of the population. Sensitive questions for sexual activity status and sexually history were answered by a self-administered questionnaire in order to increase sincere answers on their experiences because participants were not shy to disclose their sexual experiences.
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Mahler, Bettina, and Bart Kempenaers. "Objective Assessment of Sexual Plumage Dichromatism in the Picui Dove." Condor 104, no. 2 (May 1, 2002): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.2.248.
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Abstract The Picui Dove (Columbina picui) has been considered sexually monochromatic, with females slightly duller than males. This assessment has been based on colors perceived by the human eye. However, birds possess an additional, near-ultraviolet photoreceptor and thus are sensitive to wavelengths humans are not. Measurements of reflectance using spectroradiometry permit an objective determination of the coloration of the birds' plumage and of color differences between the sexes. We here show that the plumage coloration of the Picui Dove is clearly sexually dimorphic. Males were overall brighter than females, and several body regions showed a significant sex difference in spectral shape. These results imply that studies of sexual selection in this and related species should measure sexual dichromatism objectively, and should not rely on human color perception. Determinación Objetiva del Dicromatismo Sexual del Plumaje en Columbina picui Resumen. La especie Columbina picui ha sido considerada sexualmente monocromática, siendo las hembras levemente más opacas que los machos. Esta conclusión ha sido basada en la percepción humana del color. Sin embargo, las aves poseen un fotorreceptor adicional en el ultravioleta cercano y son, por lo tanto, sensibles a longitudes de onda que los humanos no perciben. La medición de la reflectancia por medio de la técnica de espectrofotometría permite una determinación objetiva del color del plumaje y de las diferencias de color entre los sexos. En este estudio mostramos que C. picui es claramente sexualmente dicromática, siendo los machos más brillantes que las hembras y presentando en algunas regiones del cuerpo diferencias en el espectro de las longitudes de onda reflejadas. Estos resultados demuestran que la determinación de dicromatismo sexual no debería basarse en la percepción humana y tiene, además, implicancias para los estudios de selección sexual en esta especie y especies relacionadas.
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Sefcek, Jon A., and Donald F. Sacco. "Human sexual dimorphism, fitness display, and ovulatory cycle effects." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32, no. 3-4 (August 2009): 288–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x09990240.
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AbstractSocial roles theorists claim that differences between the sexes are of limited consequence. Such misperceptions lead to misunderstanding the important role of sexual selection in explaining phenotypic differences both between species and within humans. Countering these claims, we explain how sexual dimorphism in humans affect expressions of artistic display and patterns of male and female aggression across the ovulatory cycle.
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Sheets-Johnstone, Maxine. "Corporeal Archetypes and Power: Preliminary Clarifications and Considerations of Sex." Hypatia 7, no. 3 (1992): 39–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1992.tb00904.x.
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An examination of animate form reveals corporeal archetypes that underlie both human sexual behavior and the reigning Western biological paradigm of human sexuality that reworks the archetypes to enforce female oppression. Viewed within the framework of present-day social constructionist theory and Western biology, 1 show how both social constructionist feminists who disavow biology and biologists who reduce human biology to anatomy forget evolution and thereby forego understandings essential to the political liberation of women.
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Archer, John. "Does sexual selection explain human sex differences in aggression?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32, no. 3-4 (August 2009): 249–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x09990951.
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AbstractI argue that the magnitude and nature of sex differences in aggression, their development, causation, and variability, can be better explained by sexual selection than by the alternative biosocial version of social role theory. Thus, sex differences in physical aggression increase with the degree of risk, occur early in life, peak in young adulthood, and are likely to be mediated by greater male impulsiveness, and greater female fear of physical danger. Male variability in physical aggression is consistent with an alternative life history perspective, and context-dependent variability with responses to reproductive competition, although some variability follows the internal and external influences of social roles. Other sex differences, in variance in reproductive output, threat displays, size and strength, maturation rates, and mortality and conception rates, all indicate that male aggression is part of a sexually selected adaptive complex. Physical aggression between partners can be explained using different evolutionary principles, arising from the conflicts of interest between males and females entering a reproductive alliance, combined with variability following differences in societal gender roles. In this case, social roles are particularly important since they enable both the relatively equality in physical aggression between partners from Western nations, and the considerable cross-national variability, to be explained.
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Briken, Peer, and Silja Matthiessen. "Sex-Survey-Forschung in Deutschland." Zeitschrift für Sexualforschung 31, no. 03 (September 2018): 215–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0663-3834.
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70 Jahre nach Alfred C. Kinseys „Sexual Behavior in the Human Male“ (1948) und seinem skandalumwitterten zweiten Band „Sexual Behavior in the Human Female“ (1953) liegen keine umfassenden repräsentativen Daten zum sexuellen Verhalten von Männern und Frauen in Deutschland vor. Das vorliegende Schwerpunkheft stellt nun erste Ergebnisse einer Pilotstudie für einen repräsentativen Sex-Survey in Deutschland zusammen. Die Pilotstudie wurde 2017 durchgeführt, mit den Vorbereitungen wurde allerdings schon 2015 begonnen. Zunächst erfolgten eine umfassende Recherche der Erhebungsinstrumente und Studiendesigns vergleichbarer Sex-Surveys in anderen europäischen Ländern sowie umfangreiche Vorarbeiten zur Entwicklung eines Indikatorensatzes und Fragebogens für eine Studie zur Sexualität Erwachsener in Deutschland. Anders als in vielen anderen Ländern Europas und der westlichen Welt liegen auch Indikatoren zur „Sexuellen Gesundheit“ für Deutschland im engeren Sinne bislang nicht vor.
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Weggel, Lisa, Richard Granquist, Robert Demayo, and Jeffrey McKinnon. "FEMALE RED THROAT COLORATION IN TWO POPULATIONS OF THREESPINE STICKLEBACK." Behaviour 137, no. 7-8 (2000): 947–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853900502556.
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AbstractIn a population of stream-resident stickleback from British Columbia, females frequently have orange-red throats which are conspicuous to the human eye and, according to two straightforward physical measures of coloration, are more intensely red than the throats of anadromous females. Stream and anadromous males from these populations, however, do not differ for a reflectance-based index of red chroma. This suggests that exceptional female red coloration in the stream population has not evolved as a byproduct of the evolution of exceptional coloration in males. In contrast to results for female lateral barring in another threespine stickleback population, red is not strongly associated with reproductive readiness and unlikely to function strictly as a signal of readiness to mate. Larger stream females have more intensely red throats though this pattern was significant only in one year and according to one technique. With these findings and the extensive literature already available for this species, the threespine stickleback becomes a promising model system for studying the evolution of female secondary sexual characters in species with conventional sexual dimorphism.