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Kinsey, Alfred C., Wardell R. Pomeroy, and Clyde E. Martin. "Sexual Behavior in the Human Male." American Journal of Public Health 93, no. 6 (June 2003): 894–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.93.6.894.
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Bosch, F. Xavier, Xavier Castellsague, Nubia Munoz, Silvia De Sanjose, Anthony M. Ghaffari, Luis C. Gonzalez, Miguel Gili, et al. "Male Sexual Behavior and Human Papillomavirus DNA." Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 52, no. 2 (February 1997): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006254-199702000-00013.
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Elsayed Azab, Azab. "The Role of Oxytocin, Prolactin, and Estrogen in Male Sexual Functions." Journal of Clinical Research and Reports 10, no. 3 (February 8, 2022): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/228.
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Background: The dysfunction in sexual ability has effects on the quality of life in men. Oxytocin plays a role in sexual and social behaviors. Hyperprolactemic males had erectile dysfunction. Endogenous estrogens in men, are not only important for health integrity but can additionally cause the promotion of many diseases. Objectives: The current review aimed to high light on the role of oxytocin, prolactin, and estrogen in male sexual functions. Oxytocin neurons have been heavily implicated in mediating sexual behavior in both humans and animals. Oxytocin hormone regulates social behaviors such as mating, maternal/paternal care, and bonding. Oxytocin levels rise during mating in females and males in humans and animals and may mediate anxiolytic/calming effects of sexual activity and antidepressant effects.Oxytocin’s role in regulating erection and ejaculation has been studied in mice and rats. Oxytocinergic projections from the paraventricular nucleus to the hippocampus, medulla oblongata, and spinal cord facilitate penile erection. Prolactin (PRL) serves a dual function both as a circulatory hormone and as a cytokine. PRL is known to be involved in the control of male copulatory behavior in humans, mice, rats, and other rodent models. It release during copulation in males and has a positive modulation for various aspects of testicular functions which hinting at the crucial role of prolactin in male reproduction. The lower concentration of prolactin was associated with reduced seminal vesicle volume and ejaculate in the infertile human male. Hypoprolactinemia has been associated with premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction. Hyperprolactinemia can be caused by tumors, drugs, or idiopathic, leading to alterations in sexual behavior as loss of libido and erectile dysfunction. It is also reported that it can cause endocrine disturbances leading to abnormal levels of testosterone, FSH, and LH. Chronic hyperprolactinaemia suppresses copulatory behaviour in animal models and yields sexual dysfunction and other side effects in men. In men, testosterone acting via its action on androgen receptors may be dependent on the action of aromatase enzyme on of testosterone and converting it to estradiol (E2). Estrogens act through ERα and ERβ at the plasma membrane and in the nucleus to regulate functions of many organs in men. The role of estradiol action on libido is seen at various levels of regulation, starting with direct effects in the brain. Not only does estradiol modulate sexual behavior in the adult male, it also appears to organize the early brain to program sexual behavior. The exact role of estradiol in each area of male sexual function including libido, spermatogenesis, and erectile function is difficult to determine. A complex balance of testosterone, estradiol, aromatase, and estrogen receptors in brain, testes, and penis, confirmed the indispensable and highly regulated hormonal interaction of estrogen in the male. Conclusion: It can be concluded that oxytocin hormone regulates social behaviors such as mating, maternal/paternal care, and bonding. PRL is involved in the control of male copulatory behavior in humans, rats, mice, and other rodent models. Hypoprolactinemia has been associated with reduced seminal vesicle volume, premature ejaculation, and erectile dysfunction. Hyperprolactinemia can be caused by tumors, drugs, or idiopathic, leading to alterations in sexual behavior as loss of libido and erectile dysfunction. Also, hyperprolactemic males had erectile dysfunction. Estradiol modulates sexual behavior in the adult male, and appears to organize the early brain to program sexual behavior.
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Olivier, B., J. S. W. Chan, T. Pattij, T. R. de Jong, R. S. Oosting, J. G. Veening, and M. D. Waldinger. "Psychopharmacology of male rat sexual behavior: modeling human sexual dysfunctions?" International Journal of Impotence Research 18, S1 (September 2006): S14—S23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijir.3901330.
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Muscarella, Frank. "The Evolution of Male-Male Sexual Behavior in Humans." Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality 18, no. 4 (January 2007): 275–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j056v18n04_02.
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Santos, Iraneide Nascimento dos, Janniele Carla Malaquias de Lima, Tatiana Melo Lopes, Ednaldo Cavalcante de Araújo, Eliane Maria Ribeiro de Vasconcelos, and Betinha (Elizabeth) Cordeiro Fernandes. "SEXUAL BEHAVIOR OF MALE ADOLESCENTS OF THE SCHOOLS AT RECIFE." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 1, no. 2 (November 2, 2007): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.378-8804-1-le.0102200708.
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RESUMOEstudo descritivo e exploratório, de abordagem quantitativa, com o objetivo de identificar comportamentos sexuais de adolescentes do gênero masculino em uma escola da rede pública e em outra particular de Recife, Pernambuco (PE), visando a contribuir para o planejamento das ações preventivas em infecção sexualmente transmissível, HIV/AIDS, especificamente. A pesquisa foi realizada com aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital Agamenon Magalhães e após o consentimento livre e esclarecido dos pais, de responsáveis legais ou pelo adolescente, quando maior de idade. Da população de estudantes entre os 15 aos 19 anos, foi obtida a amostra, tipo intencional, com 113 participantes. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário estruturado, organizados, dispostos no Programa Excel e submetidos à análise estatística elementar, considerando números absolutos e valores percentuais. Dos adolescentes da escola particular, 62,7% declararam já terem tido a primeira relação sexual, sendo 33,3% com a idade de 14 anos e 2,7% aos nove anos. Na escola pública, 72,2% dos adolescentes relataram já ter iniciação sexual. Conclui-se que é necessário capacitar os adolescentes para a tomada de decisão consciente e responsável através de programas efetivos de educação sexual, o que contribuirá para diminuir os riscos de gestações indesejadas e infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, em especial o HIV/AIDS. Descritores: Adolescentes; Sexualidade; Prevenção; Comportamento. ABSTRACTExploratory and descriptive study, of quantitative boarding, with the objective of identifying sexual behaviors of male adolescents of private and public schools of Recife for contributing to the planning of health actions in sexually transmitted diseases, HIV/AIDS, in especial. The population was constituted by students, from 15 to 19 years old, whose sample not probabilistic intentional was 113. The data had been collected through a questionnaire, after the project to have been approved for the Ethics Committee in Research of the Hospital Agamenon Magalhães, and with the authorization by means of the term of free and clarified assent, after presentation and project legal clarification to the adolescents, parents or for the responsible by the same ones. The data had been organized in microcomputer, using EXCEL program, analyzed and had evidenced that 62,7% of the adolescents of the private school declared already to have had to first sexual relation and 33,9% did not it have yet. However, in the public school, 72,2% initiated the sexual life. In the private school, 33,3% answered to have had to first sexual relation to the 14 years old and only 2,7% with nine years old. On the basis in these data, become evident that is each more urgent time to enable the adolescents to the taking of conscientious and responsible decision through a preventive program of specific sexual education of long stream in the searched schools, for the sexuality exercise with a little risks of involving in sexual risk relations, whose undesirable resulted can be infecting themselves with a sexually transmissible infection, also the human immunodeficiency virus or becoming a pregnant woman. Descriptors: Adolescents; Sexuality; Prevention; Behavior. RESUMENEstudio exploratorio y descriptivo, de tipo cuantitativo, con el objetivo de identificar comportamientos sexuales de los adolescentes del género masculino en una escuela de la red pública y en otra privada, de Recife (PE), para contribuir al planeamiento de las acciones preventivas en las enfermedades de transmisión sexual, HIV/AIDS, en especial. La población estuvo representada por los estudiantes, con edades entre los 15 y 19 años; la muestra fue intencional, integrada por 113 estudiantes. Los datos han sido recogidos a través de un cuestionario estructurado, después de haber sido aprobado por el Comité del Etica en Investigación del Hospital Agamenon Magalhães, y con el consentimiento libre e informado de los padres o responsables legales o por el adolescente. Los datos fueron organizados y procesados utilizando el programa Excel, y sometidos al análisis estadístico básico (tabla de valores absolutos y relativos). El 62,7% de los adolescentes de la escuela privada reconocen haber tenido la primera relación sexual, siendo el 33,9% de ellos con edad de 14 años. En la escuela pública, 72,2% de los adolescentes iniciaron la vida sexual. Estos datos hacen evidente que es necesario capacitar a los adolescentes para la toma de decisiones conciente y responsablemente a través de un programa efectivo de educación sexual, que contribuirá a disminuir los riegos de embarazos no deseados e infecciones sexuales, especialmente el HIV/AIDS.Descriptores: Adolescentes; Sexualidad; Prevención; Comportamiento
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Gómez, Claudia Orozco, Jane Dimmitt Champion, and María Guadalupe Moreno Monsiváis. "Factors Protecting Male and Female Adolescents in Mexico From Human Papillomavirus Infection." Hispanic Health Care International 16, no. 1 (March 2018): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1540415318762553.
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Introduction: Adolescents may be infected with human papillomavirus (HPV) during their first sexual relationship. Persistent infections in adulthood may result in associated cancers among both women and men. This study explored condom use action plans, its influence on sexual activity in adolescents, and associated HPV protective behavior. Methods: A descriptive correlational design was used. A convenience sample including adolescents ( N =313; male n = 171, female n = 142), aged 15 to 17 years, attending one of three public high schools in Mexico was recruited. Self-report structured questionnaires were used to assess sociodemographics, sexual behavior, and HPV protective behavior. Findings: Self-reported HPV knowledge among Mexican adolescents was low. Adolescents ( n = 81, 25.9%) self-reported sexual experience. Comparisons of adolescents by self-reported sexual experience identified significant differences, including higher condom use self-efficacy, sexual rights knowledge, a condom use action plan, and greater interpersonal influence on HPV protective behavior among those who had sexual experience. Significant factors predicting HPV protective behavior included self-reported number of sexual partners, condom use in past 3 months, and having a condom use action plan. Conclusion: An intervention targeting adolescents should encourage adolescents to develop their own cognitive processes, thereby facilitating the adoption or development of action plans for HPV protective behavior.
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Jayusman, Putri Ayu, Isa Naina Mohamed, Hnin Ei Thu, and Ahmad Nazrun Shuid. "EFFECT OF EURYCOMA LONGIFOLIA ON SEXUAL BEHAVIOR IN SEXUALLY DYSFUNCTIONAL MALE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 12 (December 1, 2017): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i12.21812.
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Objective: This systematic review was conducted to summarize and evaluate the effect of Eurycoma longifolia (EL) on sexual behavior in the sexually dysfunctional male.Methods: Ovid Medline, Wiley Online Library, Scopus, BioMed Central, Hindawi and Google Scholar databases were searched for relevant studies published from 1995 to 2016 and search was limited to relevant studies published in English. Studies assessing aphrodisiac properties of EL on male sexual behavior in sexually dysfunctional animal models or human were included.Results: Among the 155 studies identified in the literature search, a total of 6 eligible articles (5 animal studies and one human study) were selected and reviewed. All studies reported positive aphrodisiac activities and supported the use of the plant as an aphrodisiac.Conclusion: This systematic review highlighted the effect of EL extract as an aphrodisiac agent to improve sexual behavior in the sexually dysfunctional male. Further studies are required to determine the specific mechanisms of action and identification of the bioactive components of EL responsible for its potential efficacy.
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Graf, Heiko, Kathrin Malejko, Coraline Metzger, Martin Walter, Georg Grön, and Birgit Abler. "Serotonergic, Dopaminergic, and Noradrenergic Modulation of Erotic Stimulus Processing in the Male Human Brain." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 3 (March 14, 2019): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8030363.
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Human sexual behavior is mediated by a complex interplay of cerebral and spinal centers, as well as hormonal, peripheral, and autonomic functions. Neuroimaging studies identified central neural signatures of human sexual responses comprising neural emotional, motivational, autonomic, and cognitive components. However, empirical evidence regarding the neuromodulation of these neural signatures of human sexual responses was scarce for decades. Pharmacological functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides a valuable tool to examine the interaction between neuromodulator systems and functional network anatomy relevant for human sexual behavior. In addition, this approach enables the examination of potential neural mechanisms regarding treatment-related sexual dysfunction under psychopharmacological agents. In this article, we introduce common neurobiological concepts regarding cerebral sexual responses based on neuroimaging findings and we discuss challenges and findings regarding investigating the neuromodulation of neural sexual stimulus processing. In particular, we summarize findings from our research program investigating how neural correlates of sexual stimulus processing are modulated by serotonergic, dopaminergic, and noradrenergic antidepressant medication in healthy males.
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Starks, Philip T., Maxfield M. G. Kelsey, David Rosania, and Wayne M. Getz. "Does HIV infection increase male sexual behavior?" Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health 2020, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emph/eoaa030.
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Abstract After 40 years of intense study on HIV/AIDS, scientists have identified, among other things, at risk populations, stages of disease progression and treatment strategies. What has received less attention is the possibility that infection might elicit an increase in sexual behavior in humans. In 2000, Starks and colleagues speculated that HIV infection could alter host behavior in a manner that facilitated the spread of the virus. Retrospective and self-report data from five studies now support this hypothesis. Individuals with acute—versus nonacute—stage infections report more sexual partners and more frequent risky sex. Additionally, male sexual behavior increases nonlinearly with HIV viral load, and data suggest a potential threshold viral level above which individuals are more likely to engage in risky sexual behavior. Taken together, these data suggest that HIV infection influences male sexual behavior in a manner beneficial to the virus. Here, we present these findings, highlight their limitations and discuss alternative perspectives. We argue for increased testing of this hypothesis and advocate for increased public health measures to mitigate the putative impact on male sexual behavior. Lay Summary In 2000, Starks and colleagues speculated that HIV infection could alter host behavior in a manner that facilitated the spread of the virus. Retrospective and self-report data from five studies now support this hypothesis. We argue for increased testing of this hypothesis and advocate for increased public health measures to mitigate the putative impact on male sexual behavior.
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Yang, Xueyan, Isabelle Attané, Shuzhuo Li, and Bo Yang. "Same-Sex Sexual Behaviors Among Male Migrants in a Context of Male “Marriage Squeeze”." American Journal of Men's Health 6, no. 6 (July 9, 2012): 485–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988312453479.
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The male marriage squeeze in China may increase the prevalence of male same-sex sexual behaviors among unmarried male migrants who lack stable female sexual partners. The same-sex sexual behaviors among unmarried male migrants appear to be at high risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), mainly because of a lack of knowledge of these diseases. Using data from the “Survey on Reproductive Health and Family Life of Migrant Male Bachelors in Urban Areas” conducted in Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, in December 2009 and January 2010, this study compares same-sex sexual behaviors of unmarried with that of married male migrants (including married but separated men who are migrating without their spouse or partner and cohabitating men who are migrating with their spouse or partner). It is reported that the prevalence of same-sex sexual behaviors among unmarried males reaches 11%, more than twice the 5.1% reported by married but separated men and thrice the 3.8% reported by cohabitating men. It also appears that the same-sex sexual behaviors is significantly associated with men’s attitudes toward same-sex sexual behaviors (odds ratio = 1.59, p < .001), toward life-long bachelorhood (odds ratio = 1.35, p < .01), and with marital status (odds ratio = 0.37, p < .01). The frequency of condom use appears to be higher among unmarried men than among men who are married, whether or not they migrated with their wives, and is significantly associated with scores on knowledge about HIV/AIDS (estimated coefficient = .12, p < .001) and STIs (estimated coefficient = .22, p < .01). It is also associated with the likelihood of same-sex sexual behaviors (estimated coefficients = .83, p < .01) and marital status (estimated coefficients for married but separated = −.50, p < .05; estimated coefficients for cohabitating = −.77, p < .001).
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Grillaert, Katherine. "Aggression, Erection, and Masturbation in Feral Pottoka Ponies and Implications for Equine Welfare." Animals 12, no. 4 (February 10, 2022): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12040421.
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Erection and masturbation in horses are considered unwanted behaviors in training contexts, despite recognition that these are naturally occurring behaviors that are integral to the welfare of male horses. Equestrians, especially those who use positive reinforcement in their training, expressed concern that the presence of such behaviors might be associated with aggressive or sexual behaviors aimed at humans participating in horse-human interactions. The implications of such attitudes could negatively affect male horses by excluding them from welfare-friendly training systems. In this study, feral stallions were observed to describe and quantify behaviors that occurred before, during, and after erection and masturbation, and to identify change in arousal. This study did not find evidence that erection and masturbation are associated with increases in arousal, or to sexual or aggressive behavior toward other horses. The possible presence or induction of erection or masturbation alone might not limit male horses from participating in certain handling, training, or riding contexts. These findings, along with further research, may be used to inform interpretations of horse–human interactions that involve erection or masturbation.
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Ihara, Yasuo, and Kenichi Aoki. "Sexual Selection by Male Choice in Monogamous and Polygynous Human Populations." Theoretical Population Biology 55, no. 1 (February 1999): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/tpbi.1998.1388.
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Legato, Marianne J. "Untangling the Gordian Knot of Human Sexuality." Gender and the Genome 2, no. 3 (July 2018): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2470289718803639.
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There is increasing interest in and tolerance of the lay public for variations in human sexuality. In contrast, the molecular biology that underlies gender identity, the development of gonadal and genital anatomy, and the factors that define sexual behavior is proving unexpectedly complex and is still incompletely understood. It is now evident that humans cannot be characterized as member of 1 of 2 clearly defined units: male or female. In fact, individuals exist on a continuum: those who do not conform unequivocally to the dyadic view of human sex in terms of anatomy, gender identity, and/or sexual behavior should be characterized as having variations in rather than disorders of sexual development. Such individuals can no longer be regarded as anomalies to be rejected, condemned, and, if possible, “corrected” either psychologically or anatomically.
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Stiffman, Arlene Rubin, and Felton Earls. "Behavioral Risks for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Adolescent Medical Patients." Pediatrics 85, no. 3 (March 1, 1990): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.85.3.303.
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This paper is an examination of the extent to which adolescents in primary care indicated behavioral risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection, and the degree to which their clinic records reflected either awareness of such conditions or interventions for them. Levels of risk were assigned to the youths based on known risk factors in adult populations and arbitrarily selected natural breaks in the frequency of sexual behaviors. Of the sample, 3% were at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection because the adolescents engaged in prostitution, injectable drug use, male homosexual behavior, or had a sexually transmitted disease associated with genital ulcers or sores; 16% were at moderate risk because the youths had more than six sexual partners in the year preceding the interview or had nonulcerative forms of sexually transmitted disease; and the remainder were at low risk. Fewer than half of the youths at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection sought or received help for any of their problem behaviors, while virtually all sought and received help for sexually transmitted diseases. Because a high proportion of the youths engaging in risky behaviors had sexually transmitted diseases, the most promising approach for prevention of human immunodeficiency disease infection is through health clinics that treat sexually transmitted diseases. These clinics could screen the youths for associated behavioral risk factors, and then offer preventive or interventive services.
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Mekonnen, Getachew A. "Determinants of Risky Sexual Behaviors Among Adolescents." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 13, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.290318.
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As adolescence is a stage in which human beings face once throughout a lifetime and it is the experimental period for this reason risky sexual behavior is common among young people, and it has several sexual and reproductive health consequences. In Ethiopia, mostly as in many other settings, the behaviors of adolescents strongly influence the course of STDs including HIV/AIDS due to their risky sexual practices. This study is a descriptive cross sectional survey research design. The finding showed that, Pocket money, peer pressure, substances use and self-efficacy to resist sexual advances are associated with risky sexual behaviors. The findings regarding gender difference showed that there was no statistically significant difference between male and female students with regard to age of first sexual intercourse. Concerned with risk factor for unsafe sexual behavior of adolescents was observed with abuse of alcohol, Khat, Shisha, Tela and cigarette. Providing the necessary knowledge and skills for adolescents, parents and different stakeholders are the suggested recommendation.
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james, william h. "biological and psychosocial determinants of male and female human sexual orientation." Journal of Biosocial Science 37, no. 5 (November 17, 2004): 555–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932004007059.
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some propositions on male and female sexual orientation will be considered. some of these are established; others are more speculative. the aim is to offer some notes towards a coherent, comprehensive theory of sexual orientation. 1. the distinction between butch and femme lesbians seems real rather than a social construct. 2. high levels of prenatal steroid hormones seem to be causally associated with the sexual orientation of butch lesbians. however it is not established whether the causal process operates prenatally or postnatally (or both). this is so because prenatal hormone levels are thought to correlate positively with postnatal hormone levels. and high postnatal hormone levels may facilitate homosexual behaviour as a consequence of sensation-seeking. 3. male bisexuals also are interpreted to have been exposed to high prenatal testosterone levels. but (for reasons similar to those outlined above in regard to butch lesbians) it is unclear whether these have a direct prenatal effect on the brain or whether they are precursors of high postnatal testosterone levels, which are associated with male bisexual orientation by promoting sensation-seeking behaviour. 4. postnatal learning processes seem to be causally involved in the sexual orientation of some femme lesbians and some exclusive male homosexuals. 5. some homosexual men have genes that predispose to their sexual orientation. 6. the same may apply to some lesbians, but such genes have not, as far as i know, been identified. 7. people (of both sexes) who engage in same-sex sexual behaviour may be classified simultaneously in two ways, viz (1) ‘active’ vs ‘passive’ and (2) those who do and those who do not engage (or consider engaging) in sex with members of the opposite sex. ex hypothesi, some of the ‘active’ ones initiate some of the ‘passive’ ones. the active ones are driven more by hormones and the passive ones by psychosocial factors. the active males contain a substantial proportion of self-identified bisexuals; and the active females a substantial proportion of self-identified butches. 8. these two active categories (butch lesbians and male bisexuals) share a number of endocrinological, psychological, morphological and behavioural features vis-à-vis their exclusively homosexual and heterosexual peers. methods of testing some of these ideas are presented.
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de Haas, Stans, and Greetje Timmerman. "Sexual harassment in the context of double male dominance." European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 19, no. 6 (December 2010): 717–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09541440903160492.
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Thacker, Rebecca A., and Stephen F. Gohmann. "Male/Female Differences in Perceptions and Effects of Hostile Environment Sexual Harassment: “Reasonable” Assumptions?" Public Personnel Management 22, no. 3 (September 1993): 461–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102609302200309.
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Two recent court decisions have dealt with the appropriate legal standard for determining reasonableness in hostile environment sexual harassment cases. This paper discusses the “reasonable woman” standard adopted by these courts and explores the notion that gender-based differences in definition of sexually harassing behaviors do, in fact, exist. And secondly, the paper investigates the issue of gender-based differences in the emotional and psychological effects of hostile environment harassment. Data from a major survey of sexual harassment in the federal workplace are analyzed.
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Bosch, F. X., X. Castellsague, N. Munoz, S. de Sanjose, A. M. Ghaffari, L. C. Gonzalez, M. Gili, et al. "Male Sexual Behavior and Human Papillomavirus DNA: Key Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer in Spain." JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 88, no. 15 (August 7, 1996): 1060–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/88.15.1060.
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Pham, Michael N., Todd K. Shackelford, Lisa L. M. Welling, Alyse D. Ehrke, Yael Sela, and Aaron T. Goetz. "Oral Sex, Semen Displacement, and Sexual Arousal: Testing the Ejaculate Adjustment Hypothesis." Evolutionary Psychology 11, no. 5 (December 2013): 147470491301100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147470491301100515.
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Male Indian Flying Foxes ( Pteropus giganteus) that spend more time performing oral sex on a female also spend more time copulating with her. In humans, men who spend more time copulating with their regular partner also perform more “semen-displacing” copulatory behaviors (e.g., deeper, more vigorous penile thrusting). We investigated whether men who spend more time performing oral sex on their regular partner also spend more time copulating with her and perform more semen-displacing copulatory behaviors. We proposed and tested the ejaculate adjustment hypothesis for men's copulatory behaviors: Men adjust their copulatory behaviors to increase their sexual arousal and consequent ejaculate quality, thereby increasing their chances of success in sperm competition. Two hundred and thirty-three men in a committed, heterosexual relationship responded to questions about their copulatory behavior and sexual arousal during their most recent sexual encounter with their long-term partner. The results indicated that men who spend more time performing oral sex on their partner also spend more time copulating with her, perform more semen-displacing copulatory behaviors, and report greater sexual arousal. We discuss limitations to the current research and highlight the heuristic value of sperm competition theory for understanding human sexual behaviors.
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Kim, Ssirai, Sun-Young Lee, and Smi Choi-Kwon. "Cervical Cancer Screening and Human Papillomavirus Vaccination among Korean Sexual Minority Women by Sex of Their Sexual Partners." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (November 30, 2020): 8924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238924.
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Cervical cancer-preventive behaviors in Korean sexual minority women (SMW) are underexplored. We aimed to assess the differences in cervical cancer screening uptake and completion of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among Korean SMW by sex of their sexual partners. This cross-sectional study used data from the 2017 Korean Sexual Minority Women’s Health Study; we included Korean lesbian and bisexual women aged ≥20 years. They were divided into three groups: SMW with more than one male sexual partner (male only/both), SMW with only female sexual partners (female-only), or no sexual partner (no partner). Among the 671 participants, 266 (39.6%), 294 (43.8%), and 111 (16.5%) belonged to the male-only/both, female-only, and no partner groups, respectively. Compared to the male-only/both group, the female-only group was significantly less likely to have undergone cervical cancer screening (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.15–0.37) and to have completed HPV vaccinations (AOR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.37–0.91). In conclusion, Korean SMW with only female sexual partners had lower cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination completion rates than SMW who had male sexual partners. More extensive efforts are needed to improve cervical cancer-preventive behaviors among Korean SMW.
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Brito, Maximo O., Melinda Davis, and Anindita Chakrabarti. "A cross-national study to compare the knowledge, attitudes, perceptions of sexually transmitted diseases and the sexual risk behaviors of Latino adolescents." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 26, no. 2 (May 1, 2014): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2013-0509.
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Abstract Background: Adolescents are at high risk of acquiring sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). However, little is known about differences in knowledge and risk behaviors across nationalities. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the knowledge and perceptions of STDs and the sexual risk behaviors in Latino adolescents in the United States (US) and the Dominican Republic (DR). Methods: A survey was administered to 364 high school students after obtaining parental consent. The questionnaire asked about demographics, sources of STD information, risk behaviors, and knowledge of syphilis, gonorrhea, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Mean percentage scores were calculated to compare correct responses by nationality, gender, and sexual activity. Predictors of self-reported high risk sexual behavior were identified by multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: In all, 242 (66%) US and 122 (34%) DR students were interviewed. Of these, 52% were males. Median age was 15 years (range, 13–18). Sexual activity was reported by 40% of the participants and did not differ by gender (p=0.43) or national origin (p=0.53), although it was greater for adolescents older than 15 years of age (60% vs. 35%, p<0.001). US students identified abstinence as an effective STD prevention method more often than their counterparts (p=<0.001). Knowledge of specific STDs was higher in girls (p=0.002) and Dominicans (p=0.003). Predictors of high risk behavior were male gender (OR<uni-003D;2.50, 95% CI 1.35–4.63) and being sexually active (OR<uni-003D;3.09, 95% CI 1.71–5.59). Conclusions: Sexual activity at an early age was prevalent, and knowledge of STDs low in these two groups of high school students. Males and sexually active individuals were more likely to engage in high risk behaviors. Girls and Dominican students exhibited greater knowledge of specific STDs.
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Yu, Helen H., and David Lee. "Gender and Public Organization: A Quasi-Experimental Examination of Inclusion on Experiencing and Reporting Wrongful Behavior in the Workplace." Public Personnel Management 49, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091026019836196.
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Most public organizations share values and beliefs and socially constructed patterns of action that guide the behavior of their employees, resulting in their unique organizational culture. Existing literature on police organizations describes an unmistakable culture that celebrates masculine values and a social structure that exists purposely and specifically to repress female officers. Using a survey data set of 1,114 female federal law enforcement officers, this research employs coarsened exact matching to examine perceived inclusion and its effects on women experiencing disrespect by male colleagues and incidences of sexual harassment and sexual discrimination. In addition, reporting behavior is captured for female officers who experience wrongful conduct. The study finds that women who report working in an inclusive organizational culture are less likely to experience pervasive negative attitudes from their male colleagues or occurrences of sexual harassment and sexual discrimination. However, the existence of an inclusive organizational culture did not show a significant difference in reporting sexual harassment or sexual discrimination if women experienced such wrongful behavior.
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Zocratto, Keli Bahia Felicíssimo, Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa, Fernando Augusto Proietti, Anna Bárbara Carneiro-Proietti, Sueli Aparecida Mingoti, and Geraldo José Coelho Ribeiro. "HCV and HIV infection and co-infection: injecting drug use and sexual behavior, AjUDE-Brasil I Project." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 22, no. 4 (April 2006): 839–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2006000400022.
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This study aimed to characterize sexual and drug-use behaviors in injecting drug users (IDUs) in relation to single hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and HCV/HIV co-infection. The sample consisted of 272 IDUs enrolled in the AjUDE-Brasil I Project, a cross-sectional multi-center study conducted in five Brazilian cities in 1998. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire using self-reported risk behavior, and HCV and HIV serological status used ELISA on filter paper. IDUs were clustered in four distinct groups: HCV/HIV seronegative; HCV mono-infected; HIV mono-infected; and HCV/HIV co-infected. Active sharing of injecting equipment was associated with HCV infection (p = 0.001). Sexual behavior variables, especially male same-sex sexual relations, were consistently associated with HIV infection. HCV/HIV co-infection was associated with both sexual and drug use variables. It was possible to distinguish different behavioral indicators for HCV and HIV infection and co-infection in this population.
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Melis, Maria Rosaria, and Antonio Argiolas. "Oxytocin, Erectile Function and Sexual Behavior: Last Discoveries and Possible Advances." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 19 (September 26, 2021): 10376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910376.
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A continuously increasing amount of research shows that oxytocin is involved in numerous central functions. Among the functions in which oxytocin is thought to be involved are those that play a role in social and sexual behaviors, and the involvement of central oxytocin in erectile function and sexual behavior was indeed one of the first to be discovered in laboratory animals in the 1980s. The first part of this review summarizes the results of studies done in laboratory animals that support a facilitatory role of oxytocin in male and female sexual behavior and reveal mechanisms through which this ancient neuropeptide participates in concert with other neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in this complex function, which is fundamental for the species reproduction. The second part summarizes the results of studies done mainly with intranasal oxytocin in men and women with the aim to translate the results found in laboratory animals to humans. Unexpectedly, the results of these studies do not appear to confirm the facilitatory role of oxytocin found in male and female sexual behavior in animals, both in men and women. Possible explanations for the failure of oxytocin to improve sexual behavior in men and women and strategies to attempt to overcome this impasse are considered.
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Picot, Marie, Lydie Naulé, Clarisse Marie-Luce, Mariangela Martini, Kalina Raskin, Valérie Grange-Messent, Isabelle Franceschini, Matthieu Keller, and Sakina Mhaouty-Kodja. "Vulnerability of the Neural Circuitry Underlying Sexual Behavior to Chronic Adult Exposure to Oral Bisphenol A in Male Mice." Endocrinology 155, no. 2 (February 1, 2014): 502–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2013-1639.
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There are human reproduction concerns associated with extensive use of bisphenol A (BPA)-containing plastic and, in particular, the leaching of BPA into food and beverages. In this context, it remains unclear whether and how exposure to BPA interferes with the developmental organization and adult activation of male sexual behavior by testosterone. We evaluated the developmental and adult exposure to oral BPA at doses equivalent to the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (5 mg/kg body weight per day) and tolerable daily intake (TDI) (50 μg/kg body weight per day) on mouse sexual behavior and the potential mechanisms underlying BPA effects. Adult exposure to BPA reduced sexual motivation and performance at TDI dose only. Exposed males took longer to initiate mating and reach ejaculation despite normal olfactory chemoinvestigation. This deficiency was not restored by sexual experience and was associated with unchanged circulating levels of testosterone. By contrast, developmental exposure to BPA at TDI or no-observed-adverse-effect-level dose did not reduce sexual behavior or alter the neuroanatomical organization of the preoptic area. Disrupting the neural androgen receptor resulted in behavioral and neuroanatomical effects similar to those induced by adult exposure to TDI dose. Moreover, adult exposure of mutant males to BPA at TDI dose did not trigger additional alteration of sexual behavior, suggesting that BPA and neural androgen receptor mutation share a common mechanism of action. This shows, for the first time, that the neural circuitry underlying male sexual behavior is vulnerable to chronic adult exposure to low dose of BPA and suggests that BPA could act in vivo as an antiandrogenic compound.
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Lanfranchi, Angela. "A Scientific Basis for Humanae Vitae and Natural Law." Linacre Quarterly 85, no. 2 (April 12, 2018): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0024363918756191.
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This article will review Humanae Vitae’s predictions of the effect of oral contraceptives (the pill) on male–female relationships and societal behaviors. A scientific, biochemical basis underpinning these predictions is made. Evidence of human pheromones will be given. Evidence for the changes in male and female pheromones caused by the pill is given. Observational and experimental evidence of changes in primate and human behaviors by pheromones is detailed. The role these changes have caused in attractiveness and selection of mate by both males and females in preferences concerning major histocompatibility genes is examined. These changes have also resulted in societal changes in sexual behavior and family structure and have led to increased violence against women. Biochemical evidence for the abortifacient properties of the pill is given. The use of natural family planning is given as a needed alternative to the harms of the pill. Summary: The human biological bases of Humanae Vitae’s predictions of the effect of the pill on male–female relationships are examined. Evidence of the presence of pheromones in primates and humans is given. The pill changes human pheromones, odors which are subconsciously detected. These pheromones cause humans to change what they find attractive in a mate. Choosing a mate while on the pill can result in unstable and more violent unions. The biological basis for the fact that the pill causes abortion of human embryos is given. A healthy alternative for fertility control is explained.
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Ratnasooriya, W. D., JRAC Jayakody, and M. G. Dharmasiri. "Sodium nitroprusside impairs sexual competence of male rats." Human & Experimental Toxicology 23, no. 4 (April 2004): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0960327104ht440oa.
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Recently, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a potent nitric oxide (NO) donor and a clinically used antihypertensive, has been introduced as a penile self-injection medical therapy for erectile dysfunction. However, it is known that many antihypertensives impairs sexual competence; NO regulates sexual competence and NO is cytostatic and cytotoxic for human sperm. Thus, a possibility exists that SNP may impair male reproductive competence. Testing this aspect is the aim of this study. This was assessed in male rats (using three I.P. doses: 60, 30 or 20 g/kg) using noncompetitive copulation tests. The results show that the highest dose of SNP was toxic and caused rapid mortality of treated rats (within 30 min). The mid and low doses of SNP reversibly impaired several parameters of sexual competence in a dose-related fashion: sexual arousability, libido and sexual vigour. Some parameters of sexual behaviour remained unaltered: sexual motivation and intromission ratio, whilst one parameter was improved: sexual performance. In complete contrast, the ejaculatory competence and fertility remained unchanged. The SNP-induced impairments in sexual competence may be attributable to lowered testosterone levels and sedation mediated via its specific action and/or side effect. Further, this impairment of sexual function was not due to general toxicity, inhibition of penile sensitivity, penile erection or analgesic activity. It is concluded that SNP impairs male sexual competence, at least, in rats although it promotes penile erection.
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Gutmann, Matthew. "Sigmund Had a Monkey." Men and Masculinities 22, no. 1 (March 12, 2019): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x18805557.
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Evaluating the males of different species side by side can be enlightening. And it is often entertaining. But we need to be especially careful when we make these comparisons today, because they can easily lead us into naturalizing human male sexual and aggressive behavior, ignoring variation, and ultimately letting men off the hook for their behavior. Boys will be boys is a half-joke that is no longer funny.
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Ibrahim, Kusman, Adriati Ajeng Juliana, Dyah Setyorini, and Iqbal Pramukti. "Internet Usage and Risky Sexual Behavior among High School Students in a Suburban Area of Indonesia." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, E (June 29, 2021): 653–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6379.
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BACKGROUND: Internet has been of great benefit to human life, however, it has some disadvantages which exist particularly among young people. AIM: Therefore, this study aims to investigate the internet usage and risky sexual behavior among high school students in a suburban area in Indonesia. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study carried out using stratified random sampling in a high school located in a suburban area in West Java, Indonesia. Furthermore, self-administered Modified Internet Sex Screening Test (ISST) questionnaire was applied to measure the risky sexual behavior among the students. RESULTS: The results showed that based on the overall risky sexual behavior from internet usage, 35 (12.9%), 211 (77.6%), and 26 (9.6%) subjects were at low, medium, and high risk, respectively. Furthermore, the male gender and browsing for sexual content video were discovered to be the significant risk factors associated with risky sexual behavior with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 5.79 (95% CI: 1.15-29.14) and 3.11 (95% CI: 1.03-9.39), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: From the results obtained, it was concluded that the prevalence of risky sexual behavior based on internet usage is high among students. Furthermore, it was discovered that male students need more attention by being involved in healthy sexual education. In addition, the role of policy-maker in filtering the accessible content for students is required.
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Manson, Jeanne M. "Sexual Differentiation in the Neonate: Rodent vs. Primate Comparisons." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 8, no. 5 (September 1989): 971–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915818909018059.
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There are some similarities and differences in the process of sexual differentiation during development in rodents and primates. The most obvious difference is in the timing of the critical periods for morphogenesis of the reproductive tract and sexual differentiation of the central nervous system (CNS). In primates these events occur late in the first trimester while in rodents they occur in the perinatal period. The gonadal hormones involved in morphogenesis of the male reproductive tract are identical for all mammalian species studied. Testosterone is the androgen that induces differentiation of the seminal vesicles, vas deferens, and epididymis, while dihydrotestosterone (DHT) promotes differentiation of the external genitalia, urethra, and prostate. Estrogens, derived from aromatization of testosterone, are the proximal determinants of male sexual differentiation of the CNS in rodents. In nonhuman primates, however, a nonaromatizable androgen, DHT, produces the same effect as testosterone on sexually differentiated behaviors in female offspring. Studies of male patients with 5α-reductase deficiency have suggested that maturation of male gender identity and psychosexual behavior in humans is critically dependent on testosterone but not on normal levels of DHT in prenatal and prepubertal life. Gender identity does not appear to be unalterably fixed in humans until the time of puberty and even at this and later times environmental factors have a strong impact.
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Peplau, Letitia Anne. "Human Sexuality." Current Directions in Psychological Science 12, no. 2 (April 2003): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8721.01221.
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A large body of scientific research documents four important gender differences in sexuality. First, on a wide variety of measures, men show greater sexual desire than do women. Second, compared with men, women place greater emphasis on committed relationships as a context for sexuality. Third, aggression is more strongly linked to sexuality for men than for women. Fourth, women's sexuality tends to be more malleable and capable of change over time. These male-female differences are pervasive, affecting thoughts and feelings as well as behavior, and they characterize not only heterosexuals but lesbians and gay men as well. Implications of these patterns are considered.
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Ong, Dennis. "When Male-on-Male Horseplay Becomes Sexual Harassment: Joseph Oncale v. Sundowner Offshore Services, Inc [1998]." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 14, Issue 4 (December 1, 1998): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/205500.
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Lee, Junghyun. "Passive leadership and sexual harassment." Personnel Review 47, no. 3 (April 3, 2018): 594–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-07-2016-0169.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether observed hostility mediates the link between passive leadership and sexual harassment. The study also investigates how workplace gender ratio might moderate this mediated relationship. Design/methodology/approach This study used online survey data by recruiting full-time working employees in various US organisations and industries. Findings Results suggest that when working under a passive leader, both men and women are more likely to experience sexual harassment. Furthermore, the positive association between hostility and sexual harassment is stronger for female employees who work in a male-dominated organisation (low gender ratio). However, the moderating effects of workplace gender ratio were not significant for male employees. Practical implications Organisations seeking to reduce or prevent sexual harassment should monitor and screen out managers who display passive leadership behaviour and create a work environment where collegial and civil interactions are encouraged and valued. Originality/value This research advances our knowledge regarding the organisational factors of sexual harassment by examining passive leadership, hostile work context, and workplace gender ratio. Theoretically, the study contributes to the sexual harassment literature by incorporating evidence on passive leadership from a broader field of workplace aggression into sexual harassment research. Practically, the study offers important implications for organisations that seek to minimise sexual harassment.
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Renfree, Marilyn B., Andrew J. Pask, and Geoff Shaw. "Sexual development of a model marsupial male." Australian Journal of Zoology 54, no. 3 (2006): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo05057.
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In eutherian mammals sexual differentiation occurs during fetal development, making experimental manipulation difficult, unlike in marsupials. We are investigating the roles of several key genes and hormones whose exact role in gonadal differentiation is still unclear using the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) as a model. As in humans, unlike in mice, the testis-determining gene SRY is expressed in male tammar fetuses in many tissues over an extended period. Not all sexual differentiation depends on testicular hormones. Scrotum and mammary glands are under the control of X-linked gene(s). Our demonstration of DMRT1 expression in tammar and mouse ovaries suggests it has a wider role than previously thought. The Y-borne copy of ATRX (ATRY) is coexpressed with DMRT1 in developing testis. Gonadal sex reversal can be induced in males by neonatal oestrogen treatment and in females by grafting developing ovaries to males or culturing them in minimal medium. Treatments of developing young with various androgens, and studies of steroid metabolism have shown that the steroid androstenediol may have a previously unrecognised role in virilisation. Our studies using a marsupial model have given some surprising insights into the evolution and control of sexual development in all mammals.
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Mustafa, Adriana. "PERILAKU SEKSUAL TRANSGENDER (Studi Komparatif Hak Asasi Manusia Antara Perspektif The Universal Declaration of Human Right dan The Cairo Declaration of Human Right)." Al-Risalah Jurnal Ilmu Syariah dan Hukum 19, no. 2 (March 4, 2020): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/al-risalah.v19i2.12837.
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The emergence of the term Transgender in Indonesia first appeared in 1860 and underwent development in the 1990s. In 1986 the term Wadam (Female Adam) emerged, but changed into a transsexual (Male Female). The amendment was based on the objection of several parties because of the use of the name of Adam's Woman. It was considered impolite because the name of the Prophet Adam as.In the Universal Declaration of Human Right, there is indeed no mention of sexual orientation, it must be of the opposite sex, what is concerned about human rights to marry and build families, namely article 16 which is then used as a basis by transgender people to justify deviant sexual behavior they are through same-sex marriage. On the other hand, in the Universal Declaration of Human Right there is also article 18 which guarantees the right of everyone to believe in the teachings of his religion and practice his religious teachings well. While we all know there is no religious teaching in this world that allows sexual behavior to deviate, even the most tolerant religion.
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Cooper, Dexter L., Tiffany Zellner-Lawrence, Mohamed Mubasher, Ananya Banerjee, and Natalie D. Hernandez. "Examining HPV Awareness, Sexual Behavior, and Intent to Receive the HPV Vaccine Among Racial/Ethnic Male College Students 18–27 years." American Journal of Men's Health 12, no. 6 (October 18, 2018): 1966–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988318803163.
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Human papillomavirus (HPV) awareness and vaccination among males in the general population is low. Men in general, but particularly racial/ethnic men, are disproportionately affected by HPV. The purpose of this article is to examine college males’ (a) HPV awareness, (b) sexual behaviors, and (c) intention to receive the HPV vaccination. A non-probability sample of all students who self-reported their race/ethnicity and were attending a university in Southeastern United States were contacted by the university registrar’s office and recruited to participate in the 15-minute survey. Males, ages 18–27 years ( N = 190), were identified for this study. χ2, t-tests, and binomial logistic regression analyses assessed the relationship between knowing about HPV and HPV vaccine and the intent to receive the HPV vaccination. Findings indicated that 67.4% of the sample identified as Hispanic or Black. Among all men, 73.2% reported previous sexual experience and 49.5% were currently sexually active. There were 79.5% who had previous knowledge about HPV and 55.8% had knowledge about the HPV vaccine; 71.1% of the sample did not intend to receive the vaccine. Hispanic and Black men were less likely to identify as virgins, more likely to be sexually active, and more likely to have sexual experiences at an earlier age compared to White, Asian, and other men. Men with previous HPV vaccine knowledge (28.4%) were more likely to intend to receive the vaccine compared to men who did not have previous knowledge about the vaccine (14.9%). Providing males with information about HPV, its transmission, and possible HPV-related outcomes may increase HPV vaccine uptake.
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Sunardi, Kartika Setyaningsih, Evi Martha, and Essi Guspaneza. "Potret Self-system Remaja dengan Perilaku Tindakan Seksual Berisiko di Provinsi Jambi." Jurnal Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia 15, no. 2 (June 12, 2020): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jpki.15.2.59-64.
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Background: Indonesia's largest population group is adolescents. Adolescents have a critical period in the human life cycle and put adolescents vulnerable to the influence of sexual risky behavior. The purpose of this study was to describe the self-portrait system that causes the sexual risky behavior of adolescents in Jambi Province.Method: This was quantitative research using a cross-sectional design. As much as 661 unmarried male and female adolescents (15-24 years) in Jambi Province involved as the sample of the 2017 IDHS. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis.Results: The result showed 68.1% of adolescents performed sexual risky behavior in Jambi Province. The Self-System Factors associated with sexual risky behavior of adolescents were age, knowledge, attitude, and alcohol consumption. The probability of adolescents in the age group of 20-24 years, who have low knowledge, negative attitudes, and consumed alcohol will perform sexual risky behavior of 95.78%. The result of the multivariate analysis found that the most influential variable with sexual risky behavior in adolescents was the attitude. It is suggested to the Department of Health and BKKBN to increase sexual knowledge about reproductive health and sexuality to adolescents.
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Wong, K. H., S. S. Lee, Y. C. Lo, and K. K. Lo. "Condom Use among Female Commercial Sex Workers and Male Clients in Hong Kong." International Journal of STD & AIDS 5, no. 4 (July 1994): 287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646249400500412.
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The use of condoms is an aid to protection against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). In a one-and-a-half month period in mid-1993, 190 commercial female sex workers and 633 male clients of 8 Social Hygiene Clinics in Hong Kong were interviewed on their practice in condom usage. For both sex workers and clients, 18.5% and 22.8% never and 55.3% and 50.3% seldom used condoms during sexual contacts with paying partners and non-paying partners respectively. The majority (86%) of male clients claimed that they would use a condom if they knew it could reduce risk of contracting HIV and other STD. Condom promotion activities are necessary, particularly for those at higher risk of infection because of their sexual behaviour.
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Sweeney, Patrick, Michelle N. Bedenbaugh, Jose Maldonado, Pauline Pan, Katelyn Fowler, Savannah Y. Williams, Luis E. Gimenez, et al. "The melanocortin-3 receptor is a pharmacological target for the regulation of anorexia." Science Translational Medicine 13, no. 590 (April 21, 2021): eabd6434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.abd6434.
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Ablation of hypothalamic AgRP (Agouti-related protein) neurons is known to lead to fatal anorexia, whereas their activation stimulates voracious feeding and suppresses other motivational states including fear and anxiety. Despite the critical role of AgRP neurons in bidirectionally controlling feeding, there are currently no therapeutics available specifically targeting this circuitry. The melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) is expressed in multiple brain regions and exhibits sexual dimorphism of expression in some of those regions in both mice and humans. MC3R deletion produced multiple forms of sexually dimorphic anorexia that resembled aspects of human anorexia nervosa. However, there was no sexual dimorphism in the expression of MC3R in AgRP neurons, 97% of which expressed MC3R. Chemogenetic manipulation of arcuate MC3R neurons and pharmacologic manipulation of MC3R each exerted potent bidirectional regulation over feeding behavior in male and female mice, whereas global ablation of MC3R-expressing cells produced fatal anorexia. Pharmacological effects of MC3R compounds on feeding were dependent on intact AgRP circuitry in the mice. Thus, the dominant effect of MC3R appears to be the regulation of the AgRP circuitry in both male and female mice, with sexually dimorphic sites playing specialized and subordinate roles in feeding behavior. Therefore, MC3R is a potential therapeutic target for disorders characterized by anorexia, as well as a potential target for weight loss therapeutics.
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Beal, Brian. "Changing image of the ideal manager." Human Resource Management International Digest 24, no. 3 (May 9, 2016): 41–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hrmid-01-2016-0010.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to extend the “think manager, think male” research paradigm by examining managerial stereotypes as a function of both gender and sexual orientation, thus comparing the similarity of managerial stereotypes against the stereotypes of male (heterosexual and gay) and female (heterosexual and lesbian) managers. Design/methodology/approach In total, 163 heterosexual participants used the 92-item “Descriptive Index” attribute inventory to rate one of five target groups: successful managers, heterosexual male managers, heterosexual female managers, gay male managers and lesbian female managers. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the degree of correspondence between ratings of the target groups. Findings The findings showed a higher correspondence between the descriptions of heterosexual male or female managers and the successful manager prototype than between the descriptions of gay male managers and the successful manager prototype. Additionally, results showed that the stereotypes of lesbian female managers were seen as having a moderate level of fit with the successful manager prototype. Originality/value This study it is the first empirical investigation to assess whether the “think manager, think male” phenomenon holds for managers who are members of sexual minority groups.
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KUIKEN, C. L., G. J. P. VAN GRIENSVEN, E. M. M. DE VROOME, and R. A. COUTINHO. "RISK FACTORS AND CHANGES IN SEXUAL BEHAVIOR IN MALE HOMOSEXUALS WHO SEROCONVERTED FOR HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS ANTIBODIES." American Journal of Epidemiology 132, no. 3 (September 1990): 523–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115688.
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Cook, Robert L., Kathleen A. McGinnis, Kevin L. Kraemer, Adam J. Gordon, Joseph Conigliaro, Stephen A. Maisto, Jeffrey H. Samet, et al. "Intoxication Before Intercourse and Risky Sexual Behavior in Male Veterans With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection." Medical Care 44, Suppl 2 (August 2006): S31—S36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.mlr.0000223710.35008.d9.
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Pryce, Anthony. "Let’s talk about Sexual behavior in the human male: Kinsey and the invention of (post)modern sexualities." Sexuality and Culture 10, no. 1 (March 2006): 63–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12119-006-1007-3.
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Laband, David N., and Bernard F. Lentz. "The Effects of Sexual Harassment on Job Satisfaction, Earnings, and Turnover among Female Lawyers." ILR Review 51, no. 4 (July 1998): 594–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399805100403.
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Using data from the American Bar Association's National Survey of Career Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction (1990), the authors estimate the incidence and impact of sexual harassment in the legal profession. Nearly two-thirds of female lawyers in private practice and nearly half of those in corporate or public agency settings reported either experiencing or observing sexual harassment by male superiors, colleagues, or clients during the two years prior to the survey. Female lawyers who had experienced or observed sexual harassment by male superiors or colleagues reported lower overall job satisfaction than did those who had not, as well as a greater intention to quit. The authors speculate that employers and coworkers may sometimes be able to sexually harass female employees in ways or degrees that are not sanctionable but that induce the victims to quit. Sexual harassment may contribute to an undetermined extent to many aspects of women's employment experience, including absenteeism, turnover, productivity rates and work motivation, job dissatisfaction, and unemployment. —MacKinnon, Sexual Harassment of Working Women
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Shalauddin, Md, Md Jayedul Islam, and Tanvir Ahmed. "Masturbation in a male Phayre's langur, <i>Trachypithecus phayrei</i>." Primate Biology 8, no. 2 (November 18, 2021): 43–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/pb-8-43-2021.
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Abstract. Masturbation is a common auto-sexual behaviour in humans but is not explicitly known in a major portion of non-human primates. We report the first masturbatory behaviour in a male Phayre's langur, Trachypithecus phayrei, observed in a semi-evergreen forest in northeastern Bangladesh. Like other Asian colobines, the multi-male–multi-female groups of the Phayre's langur suggest a multilevel social organization and a complex hierarchy among males. The lack of sexual opportunity could result in masturbation and sperm competition among males. However, sperm competition is reported to be low in such non-seasonal breeders. Hence, we suggest an adequate characterization of the socio-sexual behaviour and reproductive strategies of this globally endangered primate in order to demonstrate the causes, cost and consequences of masturbation. We also urge further scientific exploration into masturbation among primates due to its evolutionary and conservational significance.
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Faulstich, Michael E. "Behavioral Analysis of Sexual Dysfunction in Hansen's Disease." Perceptual and Motor Skills 60, no. 1 (February 1985): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1985.60.1.115.
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Human sexual behavior is an interactive process including CNS, hormonal, and sex-gland activities. This process can be disrupted in males who have Hansen's disease if testicular atrophy occurs. Elevations of centrally mediated leutinizing hormone and deficient testosterone levels were found in a male with Hansen's disease whose insufficient erections were secondary to atrophic testes. Quasi-experimental (A-B) analysis provided evidence for the efficacy of testosterone treatment for such a condition.
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Rosell, Ellen, Kathy Miller, and Karen Barber. "Firefighting Women and Sexual Harassment." Public Personnel Management 24, no. 3 (September 1995): 339–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102609502400306.
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Utilizing the results from a nationwide sample of fire departments and women firefighters, this article analyzes whether there are differences between sexually harassed women firefighters and their non-harassed female co-workers. The findings reflect no differences on demographic and departmental characteristics. Sexually harassed women firefighters, however, report more job stress, sexual stereotyping, and acts of violence. They feared coming to work and used sick leave more often than their non-harassed co-workers. Implications for the fire service and other male-dominated public agencies are discussed and strategies for implementing an aggressive sexual harassment policy are provided.
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Archer, John. "Does sexual selection explain human sex differences in aggression?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32, no. 3-4 (August 2009): 249–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x09990951.
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AbstractI argue that the magnitude and nature of sex differences in aggression, their development, causation, and variability, can be better explained by sexual selection than by the alternative biosocial version of social role theory. Thus, sex differences in physical aggression increase with the degree of risk, occur early in life, peak in young adulthood, and are likely to be mediated by greater male impulsiveness, and greater female fear of physical danger. Male variability in physical aggression is consistent with an alternative life history perspective, and context-dependent variability with responses to reproductive competition, although some variability follows the internal and external influences of social roles. Other sex differences, in variance in reproductive output, threat displays, size and strength, maturation rates, and mortality and conception rates, all indicate that male aggression is part of a sexually selected adaptive complex. Physical aggression between partners can be explained using different evolutionary principles, arising from the conflicts of interest between males and females entering a reproductive alliance, combined with variability following differences in societal gender roles. In this case, social roles are particularly important since they enable both the relatively equality in physical aggression between partners from Western nations, and the considerable cross-national variability, to be explained.