Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Simmered'

Beans are a commonly consumed food and a staple in many regions worldwide. Pinto beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), categorized as legumes, are dried seeds from plants and are high in protein, carbohydrate and fiber, and low in fat. They are also a good source of various minerals and well as thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, and folate Beans are typically soaked and thermally processed before consumption. Different processing methods can impact the composition of beans. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of thermal treatments on vitamin concentration in pinto beans. Beans were simmered, canned, dried-flaked, or dried-extruded, and measured for thiamin, riboflavin, folate, and vitamin B6. Beans were then reheated and measured again for vitamin concentration. Vitamin loss was comparable between the most commonly consumed stages of processing: Simmered, canned reheated, dried-flaked reheated and dried-extruded reheated. The only statistically significant differences were that simmering caused the least amount of degradation of thiamin and dried-flaked product had the least amount of vitamin B6 degradation. Though dried-flaked and dried-extruded beans generally decreased in vitamin concentration, these two products were comparable to the simmered and canned reheated products. This suggests that drying is a nutritionally acceptable means of processing pinto beans, resulting in products that are more economical to transport and more convenient to prepare.

Les futurs réacteurs à neutrons rapides refroidis au sodium (RNR-Na) doivent remplir les critères GEN-IV à savoir présenter des qualités d'économie, de sûreté améliorée, de résistance à la prolifération et de minimisation des déchets. Ce projet de thèse est dédié à l'étude de l'impact des combustibles innovants (spécialement le combustible oxyde sphere-pac chargé en actinides mineurs) sur les performances de sûreté des RNR-Na dédiés à la transmutation.Le code de calcul SIMMER-III, développé à l'origine pour les phases avancées d'un accident grave, est utilisé pour les simulations. Ce code a été étendu dans le cadre de cette thèse afin d'améliorer la simulation de la phase primaire de l'accident, en introduisant le traitement des effets en réactivité liés à la dilatation du cœur et les spécificités du combustible sphere-pac (conductivité thermique, gap). Les transitoires complets (de la phase d'initiation aux phases avancées) sont simulés avec cette version étendue du code. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, les propriétés thermiques du combustible sphere-pac ont été modélisées et adaptées à SIMMER. Une méthodologie innovante tenant compte des effets en réactivité liés à la dilation thermique du cœur dans un maillage Eulérien et dans le cadre de la cinétique spatiale a ensuite été développée. A chaque pas de temps, les dimensions et densités dilatées sont calculées pour chaque cellule suite aux variations de températures. Des facteurs correctifs sont appliqués aux densités dilatées pour obtenir une configuration équivalente (en réactivité) ayant les dimensions non-dilatées et des densités modifiées. De nouvelles sections efficaces sont calculées à partir de ces densités et l'effet en réactivité lié à la dilatation est calculé. Les résultats sont prometteurs pour des dilatations uniformes et non-uniformes. Des limitations dans le cas de dilatations non-uniformes ont été identifiées et des calculs neutroniques ont été effectués en vue de futurs développements SIMMER. Les résultats préliminaires sont encourageants. Enfin, deux cœurs RNR-Na, issus du précédent projet CP-ESFR, ont été modélisés avec des combustibles sphere-pac : le Working Horse et le CONF2 (présentant un plénum sodium élargi pour une diminution de l'effet de vide sodium). Des analyses de sûreté ont été effectuées afin de fournir une première évaluation du comportement du combustible sphere-pac comparé au combustible pastille. Les deux options sont analysées en situation nominale et accidentelle (accident de perte de débit primaire) en début de vie du cœur et après irradiation. Les analyses révèlent deux phases à considérer en début de vie pour le combustible sphere-pac. Au démarrage du réacteur, ce combustible n'est pas restructuré et sa conductivité thermique est très inférieure à celle du combustible pastille. Après quelques heures sous irradiation, il se restructure suite aux importants gradients de température, ce qui améliore sa conductivité. Il se comporte alors de façon similaire au combustible pastille. Ce travail a également permis d'évaluer le comportement accidentel du cœur CONF2 qui subit un transitoire doux, prouvant que le large plénum sodium prévient efficacement de larges insertions de réactivité positive. Cependant, avec l'ajout d'américium ou suite à l'irradiation, des excursions de puissance et de réactivité plus prononcées sont observées. Ce travail a permis de démontrer que le combustible sphere-pac ne semble pas causer de problèmes de sûreté spécifiques comparé au combustible pastille, dans les conditions de simulations actuelles. La prise en compte des effets en réactivité liés à la dilatation du cœur avec cette version étendue de SIMMER retarde et réduit le potentiel énergétique lors d'un accident. Les analyses confirment également l'action atténuante du plénum sodium sur les transitoires conduisant à la vidange du sodium du coeur. Le comportement du combustible sphere-pac dans ces conditions ouvre une perspective à son utilisation en RNR-Na
Future sodium cooled fast reactors (SFRs) have to fulfill the GEN-IV requirements of enhanced safety, minimal waste production, increased proliferation resistance and high economical potential. This PhD project is dedicated to the evaluation of the impact of innovative fuels (especially minor actinides bearing oxide sphere-pac fuels) on the safety performance of advanced SFRs with transmutation option. The SIMMER-III code, originally tailored to mechanistically analyze later phases of core disruptive accidents, is employed for accident simulations. During the PhD project, the code has been extended for a better simulation of the early accident phase introducing the treatment of thermal expansion reactivity effects and for taking into account the specifics of sphere-pac fuels (thermal conductivity and gap conditions). The entire transients (from the initiating event to later accident phases) have been modeled with this extended SIMMER version. Within this PhD work, first the thermo-physical properties of sphere-pac fuel have been modeled and casted into SIMMER-III. Then, a new computational method to account for thermal expansion feedbacks has been developed to improve the initiation phase modeling of the code. The technique has the potential to evaluate these reactivity feedbacks for a fixed Eulerian mesh and in a spatial kinetics framework. At each time step, cell-wise expanded dimensions and densities are calculated based on temperature variations. Density factors are applied to the expanded densities to get an equivalent configuration (in reactivity) with original dimensions and modified densities. New cross sections are calculated with these densities and the reactivity of the equivalent configuration is computed. The developed methods show promising results for uniform and non-uniform expansions. For non-uniform expansions, model improvement needs have been identified and neutronics simulations have been carried out to support future SIMMER extensions. Preliminary results are encouraging. In the third part of the PhD, two core designs with conventional and sphere pac fuels are compared with respect to their transient behavior. These designs were established in the former CP-ESFR project: the working horse core and the optimized CONF2 core (with a large sodium plenum above the core for coolant void worth reduction). The two fuel design options are compared for steady state and transient conditions (Unprotected Loss of Flow accident, ULOF) either at beginning of life (BOL) or under irradiated conditions. Analyses for sphere-pac fuel reveal two main phases to consider at BOL. At start-up, the non-restructured sphere-pac fuel shows a low thermal conductivity compared to pellet fuel of same density. However, the fuel restructures quickly (in a few hours) due to the high thermal gradients and its thermal conductivity recovers. The fuel then shows a behavior close to the pellet one. The study also shows that the CONF2 core leads to a very mild transient for a ULOF accident at BOL. The large upper sodium plenum seems to effectively prevent large positive reactivity insertions. However, stronger reactivity and power peaks are observed under irradiated conditions or when americium is loaded in the core and lower axial blanket. This PhD work demonstrates, under current simulation conditions, that sphere-pac fuels do not seem to cause specific safety issues compared to standard pellet fuels, when loaded in SFRs. The accurate simulation of core thermal expansion reactivity feedbacks by means of the extended SIMMER version plays an important role in the accident timing (simulations confirm the expected delay in the first power peak) and on the energetic potential compared to the case where these feedbacks are omitted. The analyses also confirm the mitigating impact of a large sodium plenum on transients with voiding potential. The behavior of sphere-pac fuel in these conditions opens a perspective to its practical application in SFRs

Propuesta de diseño, construcción y pruebas de una fuente de poder múltiple aplicada a un láser Nd: YAG. Para el diseño y construcción de esta fuente de poder, se utilizan técnicas de convertidores conmutados, los cuales trabajan en alta frecuencia para lograr mayor eficiencia del convertidor obteniendo reducción de espacio respecto a las fuentes de poder tradicionales. Desde hace muchos años, la tecnología en el campo de la electricidad y electrónica ha ido avanzando constantemente con una clara tendencia a hacer equipos cada vez más pequeños, eficientes y portátiles. Asimismo, las fuentes de poder y convertidores no son ajenos a esta tendencia. Las fuentes de poder generalmente forman parte de un equipo integral mayor, y su objetivo es proporcionar los niveles de tensión y corriente adecuado para una óptima operación del equipo final. Y es por esta razón que las fuentes de poder también buscan ser cada vez más pequeñas o portátiles. Aunque las tecnologías resonante y quasi-resonante están muy desarrolladas en otros países, en el Perú aún no se dispone de este conocimiento. Nuestra industria está limitada a la fabricación de fuentes de poder usando tecnología lineal, lo que nos vuelve dependientes de las importaciones y de la tecnología de otros países. Una de las razones de esta deficiencia es la falta de información sobre el diseño y fabricación de fuentes con tecnología conmutada, así como la falta de trabajos previos que sirvan de base para nuevos fabricantes. Asimismo, por otro lado se tiene la tecnología láser, cuya aplicación y desarrollo son definitivamente la tendencia actual de la óptica aplicada. En especial, los láseres de Neodimio: Itrio-Aluminio-Granate (Nd: YAG) son uno de los más usados tanto en la industria como en la investigación. La razón de su amplio uso es su flexibilidad y eficiencia óptica. Con las condiciones de energía adecuada, este tipo de láser puede cortar o perforar acero, vidrio o emplearse en el área médica. Esta tecnología tampoco está extendida en nuestro país, y el conocimiento técnico de su funcionamiento tampoco está difundido. Por las razones expuestas, se diseñará y construirá una fuente de poder utilizando tecnología conmutada aplicada al láser Nd: YAG. Estos conocimientos servirán para futuros fabricantes o profesionales que necesiten hacer desarrollo en estos campos.
Tesis

碩士
國立澎湖科技大學
食品科學研究所
103
Flat fish bought from Penghu was simmered with 30% sugar solution at 60+/-2℃. Simmered fish was sampled at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min for both traditional and ultrasound treatments; simmered fish simmered at 240 min also collected for final product comparison. The final processed fish for both treatments were dried under 60+/-2℃ at 0, 20, 40, 60 and 120 min, and drying qualities were examined. 　　The sugar content, weight gain ratio, maillard reaction index of samples simmered at 120 min were 68.46 glucose mg/g, 0.6066 g/g (dry mass), 0.298 Abs, respectively. Whereas, those measurements of ultrasound treated samples were 75.16 glucose mg/g, 0.6393 g/g (dry mass), 0.366 Abs, respectively. Fish simmered at 240 min were 74.29 glucose mg/g, 0.6540 g/g (dry mass), 0.370 Abs for sugar content, water absorption and maillard reaction index. Results indicated that the final samples treated with ultrasound were significant different than those treated with simmered fish at 120 min, but demonstrated no significant differences with simmered fish at 240 min. 　　TVBN, TMA-N content and shear force simmered at 120 min were 5.27 mg N/100 g, 0.4778 mg N/100 g and 4.91 N, where ultrasound samples were 4.12 mg N/100g, 0.4279 mg N/100g, 4.13 N. The measurements were 4.14 mg N/100 g, 0.4255 mg N/100 g and 4.07 N for fish simmered at 240 min. The samples treated with ultrasound show significant lower than those of simmered fish, but were no significant differences with results of final simmered samples. 　　Total sugar content, maillard reaction index, water activity and moisture content for simmered fish were 169.44 glucose mg/g, 0.494 Abs, 0.484, 6.58 % at drying 120 min; where as readings were 187.22 glucose mg/g, 0.528 Abs, 0.483, 6.41 % for ultrasound treated samples. 　　The results showed that ultrasound treatment could significantly reduce simmering and drying times, and produce good qualities for the final product.

Tese de doutoramento, Belas-Artes (Educação Artística), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Belas-Artes, 2015
Na presente tese intitulada A atividade artística como vetor de inclusão: uma investigação-ação no âmbito das necessidades educativas específicas - é descrita a investigação aplicada à Educação Artística nas artes visuais, mediante a construção de uma abordagem sistematizada junto de alunos com necessidades educativas específicas. Pretende abordar aspetos conceptuais e metodológicos relativos a uma intervenção de natureza prática e crítica, dirigida a um grupo de alunos adolescentes com comprometimentos nos domínio cognitivo e motor, abrangidos pela medida educativa designada por Currículo Específico Individual (CEI) no âmbito da Educação Especial. Face ao caráter funcional do referido currículo, a abordagem da Educação Artística nas artes visuais junto destes alunos é, tendencialmente, realizada a um nível reabilitativo da psicomotricidade ou na vertente da livre-expressão, deixando um vazio metodológico relativamente aos aspetos unificadores necessários a uma ação pedagógica potenciadora da atividade e cognição artística. Através do estudo dos diferentes olhares sobre o percurso do(s) lugar(es) ocupado(s) pela Educação Artística, com destaque para os paradigmas do Espelho e da Janela segundo a autora D. Kelly, e em concreto para o legado do teórico e pedagogo Henry Schaefer-Simmern (1896-1978), sublinhamos a pertinência de encontrar um modelo mais coeso e promotor da inclusão em sala de aula. Procurámos traçar a intervenção com ênfase na relação entre o processo criativo e produto da atividade artística de cada um dos alunos do estudo, tendo os resultados obtidos apontado para a viabilidade dos aspetos relacionados, isto é, do impacto da metodologia usada na resposta às necessidades e expectativas dos alunos, com reflexos na promoção de sentimentos de eficácia e competência, prioritários no sucesso da escola inclusiva.
The present thesis entitled The artistic activity as a vehicle for inclusion: an action research within the specific educational needs describes the research applied to Art Education in the visual arts, through the construction of a systematic approach with students with specific educational needs. This aims to address conceptual and methodological aspects relating to an intervention of practical and critical nature, addressed to a group of teenage students with impediment in cognitive and motor domain, covered by the educational measure designated as Currículo Específico Individual (CEI) (Specific Individual Curriculum) in the context of Special Education. Due to the functional character of this Curriculum, the approach of Artistic Education in the visual arts with these students has the tendency to be performed at a rehabilitation level of psychomotor skills or on free-expression issue, leaving a methodological gaping hole in what concerns the unifying aspects necessary to a pedagogical action that enhances the activity and artistic cognition. Through the study of the different perspectives on the place(s) occupied by Art Education, with emphasis on the Mirror Paradigm and Window Paradigm by D. Kelly and specifically to the legacy of the theorist and educator Henry Schaefer-Simmern (1896-1978), we place greater emphasis on the relevance of finding a more cohesive and promoter model for implementing inclusion in the classroom. Therefore, we have sought to draw the intervention with emphasis on the relationship between the creative process and product of the artistic activity of each of the students in the study and the results obtained pointed to the feasibility of the related aspects, i.e., the impact of the methodology used in response to the needs and expectations of students, with reflexes in promoting feelings of efficacy and competence, priority issues to the success of the inclusive school.