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Journal articles on the topic 'Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering'

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Published: 4 February 2023

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1

Seto, Hideki, and Michihiro Nagao. "Small Angle X-ray and Neutron Scattering." hamon 13, no. 1 (2003): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5611/hamon.13.29.

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2

Hoell, Armin, Dragomir Tatchev, Sylvio Haas, Jörg Haug, and Peter Boesecke. "On the determination of partial structure functions in small-angle scattering exemplified by Al89Ni6La5alloy." Journal of Applied Crystallography 42, no. 2 (January 24, 2009): 323–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889808042453.

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A comparison between the resonant scattering curve obtained by anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering at the X-ray absorption edge of Ni and the complementary small-angle neutron scattering curve from an Al89Ni6La5alloy sample is reported. The sample does not comply with the two-phase approximation. The two resulting scattering curves are approximately proportional to each other in this particular case. The anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering resonant curve at the Ni absorption edge equals the Ni–Ni partial structure factor and, owing to the favourable neutron scattering lengths of Ni, La and Al, the neutron scattering curve is also proportional to that partial structure factor.
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3

Gommes, Cedric J., Sebastian Jaksch, and Henrich Frielinghaus. "Small-angle scattering for beginners." Journal of Applied Crystallography 54, no. 6 (November 25, 2021): 1832–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576721010293.

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Many experimental methods are available for the characterization of nanostructures, but most of them are limited by stringent experimental conditions. When it comes to analysing nanostructures in the bulk or in their natural environment – even as ordinary as water at room temperature – small-angle scattering (SAS) of X-rays or neutrons is often the only option. The rapid worldwide development of synchrotron and neutron facilities over recent decades has opened unprecedented possibilities for using SAS in situ and in a time-resolved way. But, in spite of its huge potential in the field of nanomaterials in general, SAS is covered far less than other characterization methods in non-specialized curricula. Presented here is a rigorous discussion of small-angle scattering, at a technical level comparable to the classical undergraduate coverage of X-ray diffraction by crystals and which contains diffraction as a particular case.
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4

MATSUOKA, Hideki. "Introduction to Small-angle X-ray and Neutron Scattering." Journal of Japan Oil Chemists' Society 49, no. 10 (2000): 1163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos1996.49.1163.

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5

Henderson, Stephen J. "Isotope effects in solution small-angle X-ray scattering." Journal of Applied Crystallography 32, no. 1 (February 1, 1999): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889898010498.

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While the difference between using heavy and light water as solvents for small-angle neutron scattering experiments is well known, the lesser difference for the case of small-angle X-ray scattering with these same isotopes of water has, as yet, not been reported. This difference for the case of X-rays is discussed and quantified for several familiar materials: polystyrene latexes, proteins and lipids.
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6

Suzuya, Kentaro, Michihiro Furusaka, Noboru Watanabe, Makoto Osawa, Kiyohito Okamura, Kaoru Shibata, Tomoaki Kamiyama, and Kenji Suzuki. "Mesoscopic structure of SiC fibers by neutron and x-ray scattering." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 5 (May 1996): 1169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0151.

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Mesoscopic structures of SiC fibers produced from polycarbosilane by different methods were studied by diffraction and small-angle scattering of neutrons and x-rays. Microvoids of a size of 4–10 Å in diameter have been observed for the first time by neutron scattering in a medium momentum transfer range (Q = 0.1–1.0 Å−1). The size and the volume fraction of β–SiC particles were determined for fibers prepared at different heat-treatment temperatures. The results show that wide-angle neutron scattering measurements are especially useful for the study of the mesoscopic structure of multicomponent materials.
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7

Sastry, P. U., V. K. Aswal, and A. G. Wagh. "Small angle neutron scattering and small angle X-ray scattering studies of platinum-loaded carbon foams." Pramana 71, no. 5 (November 2008): 1075–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12043-008-0226-6.

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8

Härk, Eneli, and Matthias Ballauff. "Carbonaceous Materials Investigated by Small-Angle X-ray and Neutron Scattering." C 6, no. 4 (December 19, 2020): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c6040082.

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Carbonaceous nanomaterials have become important materials with widespread applications in battery systems and supercapacitors. The application of these materials requires precise knowledge of their nanostructure. In particular, the porosity of the materials together with the shape of the pores and the total internal surface must be known accurately. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) present the methods of choice for this purpose. Here we review our recent investigations using SAXS and SANS. We first describe the theoretical basis of the analysis of carbonaceous material by small-angle scattering. The evaluation of the small-angle data relies on the powerful concept of the chord length distribution (CLD) which we explain in detail. As an example of such an evaluation, we use recent analysis by SAXS of carbide-derived carbons. Moreover, we present our SAXS analysis on commercially produced activated carbons (ACN, RP-20) and provide a comparison with small-angle neutron scattering data. This comparison demonstrates the wealth of additional information that would not be obtained by the application of either method alone. SANS allows us to change the contrast, and we summarize the main results using different contrast matching agents. The pores of the carbon nanomaterials can be filled gradually by deuterated p-xylene, which leads to a precise analysis of the pore size distribution. The X-ray scattering length density of carbon can be matched by the scattering length density of sulfur, which allows us to see the gradual filling of the nanopores by sulfur in a melt-impregnation procedure. This process is important for the application of carbonaceous materials as cathodes in lithium/sulfur batteries. All studies summarized in this review underscore the great power and precision with which carbon nanomaterials can be analyzed by SAXS and SANS.
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9

Russell, T. P., J. S. Lin, S. Spooner, and G. D. Wignall. "Intercalibration of small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering data." Journal of Applied Crystallography 21, no. 6 (December 1, 1988): 629–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889888004820.

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10

Schmidt, P. W. "Collimation effects in small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering." Journal of Applied Crystallography 21, no. 6 (December 1, 1988): 602–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889888006375.

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11

Geissler, Erik, Anne-Marie Hecht, Cyrille Rochas, Ferenc Horkay, and Peter J. Basser. "Light, Small Angle Neutron and X-Ray Scattering from Gels." Macromolecular Symposia 227, no. 1 (July 2005): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.200550903.

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12

Gilbert, Elliot Paul. "Small-angle X-Ray and neutron scattering in food colloids." Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 42 (August 2019): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2019.03.005.

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13

Wignall, George D., and Frank S. Bates. "Neutron Scattering in Materials Science: Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Studies of Polymers." MRS Bulletin 15, no. 11 (November 1990): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400058395.

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Before the application of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to the study of polymer structure, chain conformation studies were limited to light scattering and small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques. These experiments were usually conducted in dilute solution, and the methodology to measure radii of gyration, virial coefficients, molecular weights, etc., was well established in the classical works of Guinier, Zimm, Debye and Kratky, who pioneered these techniques during the 1940s and 1950s. This methodology could not be applied to concentrated solutions or bulk polymers because of the difficulty of separating the intra- and inter-molecular components of the scattering function. One attempt to circumvent this difficulty was the experiment by Krigbaum and Godwin, who end-labeled polystyrene molecules with Ag atoms. When dispersed in unlabeled polystyrene, the excess x-ray scattering could in principle be analyzed to provide the end-to-end distance, though in practice the signal-to-noise ratio of the experiment was insufficient for accurately determining this parameter. To our knowledge the first suggestion to use the difference in coherent scattering lengths of deuterium (bD = 0.66 × 10−12cm) and hydrogen (bH = −0.37 × 10−12cm) to create scattering contrast between deuterated and normal (hydrogenous) molecules and provide a direct determination of molecular dimensions was made independently by at least two groups in the late 1960s. By deuterating the whole molecule, as opposed to end-labeling, this proposal increased the signal-to-noise ratio of the experiment by several orders of magnitude and made possible for the first time the practical analysis of molecular conformations in bulk polymers. Even so, such experiments could not be undertaken until the completion in Europe of the first instruments employing long wavelength neutrons and large distances between the entrance slit, sample and detector, which allowed deuterium labeling methods to be successfully applied to polymers in the early 1970s.
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14

Liu, Haiguang, Alexander Hexemer, and Peter H. Zwart. "TheSmall Angle Scattering ToolBox(SASTBX): an open-source software for biomolecular small-angle scattering." Journal of Applied Crystallography 45, no. 3 (May 16, 2012): 587–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889812015786.

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Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering experiments are broadly applied to study biomolecular structure and dynamics. This article presents theSmall Angle Scattering ToolBox(SASTBX), which provides a wide-ranging functionality for the analysis of biological small-angle scattering data, from data reduction to model reconstruction and refinement. TheSASTBXis an open-source package, which is freely available at http://sastbx.als.lbl.gov.
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15

Pedersen, Martin Cramer, Steen Laugesen Hansen, Bo Markussen, Lise Arleth, and Kell Mortensen. "Quantification of the information in small-angle scattering data." Journal of Applied Crystallography 47, no. 6 (November 28, 2014): 2000–2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576714024017.

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Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering have become increasingly popular owing to improvements in instrumentation and developments in data analysis, sample handling and sample preparation. For some time, it has been suggested that a more systematic approach to the quantification of the information content in small-angle scattering data would allow for a more optimal experiment planning and a more reliable data analysis. In the present article, it is shown how ray-tracing techniques in combination with a statistically rigorous data analysis provide an appropriate platform for such a systematic quantification of the information content in scattering data. As examples of applications, it is shown how the exposure time at different instrumental settings or contrast situations can be optimally prioritized in an experiment. Also, the gain in information by combining small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering is assessed. While solution small-angle scattering data of proteins and protein–lipid complexes are used as examples in the present case study, the approach is generalizable to a wide range of other samples and experimental techniques. The source code for the algorithms and ray-tracing components developed for this study has been made available on-line.
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16

Li, David S., Yi-Ting Lee, Yuyin Xi, Ivan Pelivanov, Matthew O’Donnell, and Lilo D. Pozzo. "A small-angle scattering environment for in situ ultrasound studies." Soft Matter 14, no. 25 (2018): 5283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm01000e.

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17

Ilavsky, Jan, and Peter R. Jemian. "Irena: tool suite for modeling and analysis of small-angle scattering." Journal of Applied Crystallography 42, no. 2 (February 3, 2009): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889809002222.

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Irena, a tool suite for analysis of both X-ray and neutron small-angle scattering (SAS) data within the commercialIgor Proapplication, brings together a comprehensive suite of tools useful for investigations in materials science, physics, chemistry, polymer science and other fields. In addition to Guinier and Porod fits, the suite combines a variety of advanced SAS data evaluation tools for the modeling of size distribution in the dilute limit using maximum entropy and other methods, dilute limit small-angle scattering from multiple non-interacting populations of scatterers, the pair-distance distribution function, a unified fit, the Debye–Bueche model, the reflectivity (X-ray and neutron) using Parratt's formalism, and small-angle diffraction. There are also a number of support tools, such as a data import/export tool supporting a broad sampling of common data formats, a data modification tool, a presentation-quality graphics tool optimized for small-angle scattering data, and a neutron and X-ray scattering contrast calculator. These tools are brought together into one suite with consistent interfaces and functionality. The suite allows robust automated note recording and saving of parameters during export.
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18

McDowall, Daniel, Dave J. Adams, and Annela M. Seddon. "Using small angle scattering to understand low molecular weight gels." Soft Matter 18, no. 8 (2022): 1577–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sm01707a.

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19

Rajapaksha, Ajith, Christopher B. Stanley, and Brian A. Todd. "Macromolecular Crowding of a Protein Complex by Small Angle Neutron Scattering and Small Angle X-Ray Scattering." Biophysical Journal 108, no. 2 (January 2015): 512a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2014.11.2805.

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20

Wignall, George D. "Combined Small-Angle Neutron and X-Ray Scattering Studies of Polymers." Advances in X-ray Analysis 36 (1992): 355–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800018978.

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Scattering technigues have been employed since the beginnings of polymer science to provide information on the spatial arrangements of macromolecules. The first measurements were made in the 1920s and were concerned primarily with the determination of crystal structures via the Bragg lawnλ = 2dsinθ.
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21

Sreij, Ramsia, Carina Dargel, Philippe Geisler, Yvonne Hertle, Aurel Radulescu, Stefano Pasini, Javier Perez, Lara H. Moleiro, and Thomas Hellweg. "DMPC vesicle structure and dynamics in the presence of low amounts of the saponin aescin." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 14 (2018): 9070–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp08027a.

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Vesicle shape and bilayer parameters are studied by small-angle X-ray (SAXS) and small-angle neutron (SANS) scattering in the presence of the saponin aescin. Bilayer dynamics is studied by neutron spin-echo (NSE) spectroscopy.
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22

Li, Tao. "Understanding the Nanostructures in the Electrolytes By Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 1 (October 9, 2022): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02193mtgabs.

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The solution solvation structure of the liquid electrolyte directly affects transport properties, which ultimately determines the performance of batteries. It has been predicted that the nanoscale aggregates in the liquid electrolytes, especially as the salt concentrations increase. However, little is known about these structures due to the limitation of the traditional methods. Herein, we demonstrate that small-angle X-ray scattering-wide angle X-ray scattering (SAXS-WAXS), even ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) could be applied to capture these larger aggregates in the electrolytes, including conventional organic electrolytes, high concentration electrolytes, water-in-slat electrolytes, and redox-active electrolytes. Raman, neutron scattering, IR, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations further support the proposed structures. This work highlights the fundamental structure analysis in nanoscale, which will prompt better electrolytes in the future.
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23

Alefeld, B., L. Dohmen, D. Richter, and Th Brückel. "X-ray space technology for focusing small-angle neutron scattering and neutron reflectometry." Physica B: Condensed Matter 283, no. 4 (June 2000): 330–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(00)00325-2.

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24

Murthy, N. Sanjeeva, Zheng Zhang, Siddharth Borsadia, and Joachim Kohn. "Nanospheres with a smectic hydrophobic core and an amorphous PEG hydrophilic shell: structural changes and implications for drug delivery." Soft Matter 14, no. 8 (2018): 1327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7sm02472j.

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The structural changes in nanospheres with a crystalline core and an amorphous diffuse shell were investigated by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), small-, medium-, and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS, MAXS and WAXS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
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25

Xu, Fan, HangYu Zhang, Derek Ho, Jan Ilavsky, Matt Justics, Horia Petrache, Lia Stanciu, and Jian Xie. "Investigation of Catalyst Ink Dispersion Using Small Angle X-ray and Small Angle Neutron Scattering." ECS Transactions 33, no. 1 (December 17, 2019): 1335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.3484625.

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26

Knop, W., H. J. Schink, H. B. Stuhrmann, R. Wagner, M. Wenkow-Es-Souni, O. Schärpf, M. Krumpolc, T. O. Niinikoski, M. Rieubland, and A. Rijllart. "Polarized neutron scattering by polarized protons of bovine serum albumin in deuterated solvent." Journal of Applied Crystallography 22, no. 4 (August 1, 1989): 352–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889889004073.

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Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was dissolved in a mixture of deuterated glycerol and heavy water. The clusters formed by the 3300 proton spins in each BSA molecule were dynamically polarized up to P = 40%. Spin-contrast variation in small-angle neutron scattering was studied at several target polarizations. Zero contrast, and hence minimum polarized neutron small-angle scattering, is expected at P H = 60% from extrapolation of present data. The three basic scattering functions of spin-contrast variation look very similar because the shape of the BSA molecule and its proton distribution are congruent. Neutron small-angle scattering of BSA is similar to X-ray small-angle scattering at room temperature, indicating no deterioration of the molecular structure of BSA on solidification.
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27

Rawiso, M., J. Combet, and F. Boué. "Hydrophobic polyelectrolytes: combined small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering studies." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 61, a1 (August 23, 2005): c73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s010876730509690x.

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28

Allen, Andrew J. "Characterization of Ceramics by X-Ray and Neutron Small-Angle Scattering." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 88, no. 6 (June 2005): 1367–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00463.x.

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29

Shiryaev, A. A., and P. Boesecke. "Small-Angle X-ray and neutron scattering from diamond single crystals." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 351 (March 30, 2012): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/351/1/012018.

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30

Mortensen, Kell. "Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering studies from multiphase polymers." Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science 2, no. 6 (December 1997): 653–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-0286(97)80005-8.

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31

CANTÙ, L., M. CORTI, T. ZEMB, and C. WILLIAMS. "Small angle X-ray and neutron scattering from ganglioside micellar solutions." Le Journal de Physique IV 03, no. C8 (December 1993): C8–221—C8–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:1993842.

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32

Allen, Andrew J., Fan Zhang, R. Joseph Kline, William F. Guthrie, and Jan Ilavsky. "NIST Standard Reference Material 3600: Absolute Intensity Calibration Standard for Small-Angle X-ray Scattering." Journal of Applied Crystallography 50, no. 2 (March 7, 2017): 462–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576717001972.

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The certification of a new standard reference material for small-angle scattering [NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 3600: Absolute Intensity Calibration Standard for Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS)], based on glassy carbon, is presented. Creation of this SRM relies on the intrinsic primary calibration capabilities of the ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering technique. This article describes how the intensity calibration has been achieved and validated in the certifiedQrange,Q= 0.008–0.25 Å−1, together with the purpose, use and availability of the SRM. The intensity calibration afforded by this robust and stable SRM should be applicable universally to all SAXS instruments that employ a transmission measurement geometry, working with a wide range of X-ray energies or wavelengths. The validation of the SRM SAXS intensity calibration using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is discussed, together with the prospects for including SANS in a future renewal certification.
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33

Alves-Fortunato, M., J. Labaume, P. Cologon, and L. Barré. "Biofuel Surrogate Oxidation: Insoluble Deposits Formation Studied by Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Small Angle Neutron Scattering." Energy & Fuels 32, no. 9 (July 31, 2018): 9559–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b02055.

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34

Sobry, R., G. Van den Bossche, F. Fontaine, J. F. Gohy, and R. Jérôme. "Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Studies of Liquid-Crystalline Halato(semi)telechelic Polymers." Journal of Applied Crystallography 30, no. 6 (December 1, 1997): 1075–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889897001544.

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35

GOYAL, P. S., and V. K. ASWAL. "USE OF SANS AND SAXS IN STUDY OF NANOPARTICLES." International Journal of Nanoscience 04, no. 05n06 (October 2005): 987–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x05003954.

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Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) and Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS), anong other available techniques, are the nost sought after techniques for studying the sizes and shapes of nanoparticles. The contrast between particle and its surrounding is different for X-rays and neutrons. Thus a combined SANS and SAXS study, at times, provides information about the core and the shell structure of nanoparticles. This paper gives an introduction to the techniques of SANS and SAXS and shows results of a study of core-shell structure for a micelle (nanaoparticle of organic material).
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36

Nielsen, Josefine Eilsø, Nico König, Su Yang, Maximilian W. A. Skoda, Armando Maestro, He Dong, Marité Cárdenas, and Reidar Lund. "Lipid membrane interactions of self-assembling antimicrobial nanofibers: effect of PEGylation." RSC Advances 10, no. 58 (2020): 35329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra07679a.

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37

Sarachan, Kathryn L., Joseph E. Curtis, and Susan Krueger. "Small-angle scattering contrast calculator for protein and nucleic acid complexes in solution." Journal of Applied Crystallography 46, no. 6 (November 7, 2013): 1889–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889813025727.

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Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) with contrast variation can provide useful information about the structure and disposition of two or more chemically distinct components within a complex. TheSASSIE Contrast Calculator(SCC) is a new software tool designed to assist in planning SANS experiments with contrast variation on protein and nucleic acid complexes. On the basis of the primary sequence and deuteration level of each protein or nucleic acid component, theSCCcalculates and plotsI(0), contrast and scattering length densities; since SANS experiments often complement small-angle X-ray scattering studies, the program provides both neutron and X-ray parameters. TheSCCis run as an integrated component ofSASSIE[Curtis, Raghunandan, Nanda & Krueger (2012).Comput. Phys. Commun.183, 382–389], a software suite for atomistic modeling of ensembles of structures consistent with scattering data.
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38

Feng, Hao, Rana Ashkar, Nina Steinke, Robert Dalgliesh, Nickolay V. Lavrik, Ivan I. Kravchenko, and Roger Pynn. "Grating-based holographic diffraction methods for X-rays and neutrons: phase object approximation and dynamical theory." Journal of Applied Crystallography 51, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576717016867.

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A method dubbed grating-based holography was recently used to determine the structure of colloidal fluids in the rectangular grooves of a diffraction grating from X-ray scattering measurements. Similar grating-based measurements have also been recently made with neutrons using a technique called spin-echo small-angle neutron scattering. The analysis of the X-ray diffraction data was done using an approximation that treats the X-ray phase change caused by the colloidal structure as a small perturbation to the overall phase pattern generated by the grating. In this paper, the adequacy of this weak phase approximation is explored for both X-ray and neutron grating holography. It is found that there are several approximations hidden within the weak phase approximation that can lead to incorrect conclusions from experiments. In particular, the phase contrast for the empty grating is a critical parameter. While the approximation is found to be perfectly adequate for X-ray grating holography experiments performed to date, it cannot be applied to similar neutron experiments because the latter technique requires much deeper grating channels.
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39

Heftberger, Peter, Benjamin Kollmitzer, Frederick A. Heberle, Jianjun Pan, Michael Rappolt, Heinz Amenitsch, Norbert Kučerka, John Katsaras, and Georg Pabst. "Global small-angle X-ray scattering data analysis for multilamellar vesicles: the evolution of the scattering density profile model." Journal of Applied Crystallography 47, no. 1 (December 25, 2013): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576713029798.

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The highly successful scattering density profile (SDP) model, used to jointly analyze small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering data from unilamellar vesicles, has been adapted for use with data from fully hydrated, liquid crystalline multilamellar vesicles (MLVs). Using a genetic algorithm, this new method is capable of providing high-resolution structural information, as well as determining bilayer elastic bending fluctuations from standalone X-ray data. Structural parameters such as bilayer thickness and area per lipid were determined for a series of saturated and unsaturated lipids, as well as binary mixtures with cholesterol. The results are in good agreement with previously reported SDP data, which used both neutron and X-ray data. The inclusion of deuterated and non-deuterated MLV neutron data in the analysis improved the lipid backbone information but did not improve, within experimental error, the structural data regarding bilayer thickness and area per lipid.
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40

Takeno, Hiroyuki, Akiko Maehara, Daisuke Yamaguchi, and Satoshi Koizumi. "A Structural Study of an Organogel Investigated by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering and Synchrotron Small-Angle X-ray Scattering." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 116, no. 26 (June 26, 2012): 7739–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp3008514.

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41

Pospelov, Gennady, Walter Van Herck, Jan Burle, Juan M. Carmona Loaiza, Céline Durniak, Jonathan M. Fisher, Marina Ganeva, Dmitry Yurov, and Joachim Wuttke. "BornAgain: software for simulating and fitting grazing-incidence small-angle scattering." Journal of Applied Crystallography 53, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 262–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576719016789.

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BornAgain is a free and open-source multi-platform software framework for simulating and fitting X-ray and neutron reflectometry, off-specular scattering, and grazing-incidence small-angle scattering (GISAS). This paper concentrates on GISAS. Support for reflectometry and off-specular scattering has been added more recently, is still under intense development and will be described in a later publication. BornAgain supports neutron polarization and magnetic scattering. Users can define sample and instrument models through Python scripting. A large subset of the functionality is also available through a graphical user interface. This paper describes the software in terms of the realized non-functional and functional requirements. The web site https://www.bornagainproject.org/ provides further documentation.
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42

Gilles, R., U. Keiderling, and A. Wiedenmann. "Silver behenate powder as a possible low-angle calibration standard for small-angle neutron scattering." Journal of Applied Crystallography 31, no. 6 (December 1, 1998): 957–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889898004440.

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Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is a transmission method working in the angular range 0.4–6° (2θ). In this paper, silver behenate powder [CH3(CH2)20COOAg] (referred to as `AgBE'), one of the very few materials featuring Bragg reflections in the angular range accessible to SANS instruments, is suggested as a possible new SANS wavelength calibration standard. In the past, this powder has been successfully tested as a calibration standard in low-angle X-ray diffraction. Results of new SANS wavelength calibration measurements performed with AgBE and with the traditional method of time-of-flight measurements are presented and compared with low-angle X-ray diffraction measurements.
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43

Snell, E. H. "Small angle X-ray and neutron scattering from solutions of biological macromolecules." Crystallography Reviews 20, no. 4 (July 14, 2014): 312–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0889311x.2014.938442.

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44

Kalus, J., and U. Schmelzer. "Small angle neutron (SANS) and x-ray (SAXS) scattering on micellar systems." Physica Scripta T49B (January 1, 1993): 629–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/1993/t49b/042.

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45

Zemb, T., and P. Charpin. "Micellar structure from comparison of X-ray and neutron small-angle scattering." Journal de Physique 46, no. 2 (1985): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphys:01985004602024900.

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46

Gabel, Frank. "Combining Small-angle Neutron and X-ray Scattering for Studying Protein Denaturation." Neutron News 22, no. 3 (July 2011): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10448632.2011.598803.

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47

Lamparter, P., S. Steeb, D. M. Kroeger, and S. Spooner. "Neutron and X-ray small-angle scattering with Fe-based metallic glasses." Materials Science and Engineering 97 (January 1988): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416(88)90047-x.

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48

Ohnuma, Masato, and Jun-ichi Suzuki. "Quantitative Analysis of Microstructures by Small-Angle X-Ray and Neutron Scattering." DENKI-SEIKO[ELECTRIC FURNACE STEEL] 79, no. 3 (2008): 217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4262/denkiseiko.79.217.

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Matsuoka, H., T. Harada, T. Ikeda, and H. Yamaoka. "Ultra-small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering studies on colloidal crystals." Journal of Applied Crystallography 33, no. 3 (June 1, 2000): 855–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889899012303.

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50

Pleštil, Josef, Josef Baldrian, Yurii M. Ostanevich, and Vadim Yu Bezzabotnov. "Small-angle neutron and x-ray scattering study of swollen nylon-6." Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 29, no. 4 (March 30, 1991): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1991.090290412.

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