Academic literature on the topic 'Small scale public contracts'
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Journal articles on the topic "Small scale public contracts"
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Hanak, Tomas, and Jana Korytarova. "Procurement management in construction: study of Czech municipalities." Open Engineering 9, no. 1 (2019): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2019-0019.
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AbstractEfficient spending of public money is a crucial requirement of public procurement. This requirement is even more important in the case of public works contracts since construction projects are usually very costly. Accordingly, public authorities should manage the procurement process in an efficient way. The aim of this paper is to analyse municipal procurement practices focusing on small-scale public contracts for construction works. The Czech Republic is the study area for this analysis. Data concerning procurement practices were collected through a questionnaire survey and on the basis of available internal municipal directives that govern the procurement process. The results show that a majority of municipalities use internal directives and specify financial categories for small-scale public contracts. It has also been found that the majority of municipalities contract external consulting companies for specific contracts or subsidised public contracts. Directives usually concern the issue of responsibility and the approval procedure related to the public contract. Based on the research findings, general recommendations for awarding public contracts have been formulated. These findings can potentially contribute to the dissemination of best practices among contracting authorities in the Czech Republic.
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Park, Daehyeon, Jinhyeong Jo, and Doojin Ryu. "Incentive Contracts for Sustainable Growth of Small or Medium-Sized Enterprise." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (2021): 4964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094964.
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This study analyzes incentive contracts in public procurement supply chains using a game-theoretic approach. Specifically, we compare a structure in which the host company is a large enterprise and the partner company is a small or medium-sized enterprise (SME) to a structure in which the host is an SME and the partner is a large enterprise. For each structure, we examine whether an incentive contract improves supply chain performance and confirm that the performance improvement effect is greater when the host company is an SME. Our analysis has several policy implications. SMEs are less likely to be selected as host companies for large-scale procurement projects, limiting their growth opportunities. Thus, to enable SMEs’ sustainable growth through large-scale procurement projects, the governments can allocate a portion of public procurement to SMEs. The introduction of incentive contracts elicits sustainable cooperation from large companies when an SME is the host company in a public procurement supply chain.
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Ticha, Alena, Jiri Nowak, and Zuzana Mrnova. "Model Example of Small-Scale Public Contracts Evaluation in the Czech Republic." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 471 (February 23, 2019): 022018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/471/2/022018.
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Vinberg, Stig, Lisa Torsdatter Markussen, and Bodil J. Landstad. "Cooperation Between Occupational Health Services and Small-Scale Enterprises in Norway and Sweden: A Provider Perspective." Workplace Health & Safety 65, no. 8 (2017): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2165079916668527.
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Although small-scale enterprises (SSEs) dominate the private enterprise sector, knowledge about support for these organizations from occupational health services (OHSs) is insufficient. The aim of this research was to study OHS services provided and staff cooperation with SSEs in Norway and Sweden. In total, 87 Norwegian and 51 Swedish OHS providers answered a survey on their experiences providing requested services from and cooperation with SSEs. Based on survey questions and constructed indices, providers in the two countries were compared using independent sample t tests and non-parametric tests. Open-ended questions were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The results showed that SSEs, particularly in industrial, construction, and trade sectors, commonly contract for Norwegian and Swedish OHSs, and these contracts have increased in the last 12 months. Norwegian providers state that SSEs request broader organizationally- based services; their Swedish counterparts request more individual-based health-related services. Improvements concerning specific strategies for OHS collaboration with SSEs may be needed.
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Svarts, Anna. "Healthcare managers’ perception of economies of scale." Journal of Health Organization and Management 31, no. 3 (2017): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhom-01-2017-0006.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how healthcare managers perceive economies of scale and the underlying mechanisms for how scale/size affects performance. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected in 20 in-depth interviews with healthcare professionals from 13 healthcare delivery organizations and from a public authority that finances and contracts healthcare services. Data were coded and analysed using content analysis. Findings The study concludes that the impact of scale on performance is perceived by healthcare professionals to be different for different types of healthcare services: For surgery, significant scale effects related to spreading of fixed cost, the experience curve, and potential for process improvement. For inpatient care, moderate scale effects related to spreading of fixed costs and costs of doctors on on-call duty. For outpatient care, small or no scale effects. Research limitations/implications The small sample of interviewees from a single geographical region and healthcare system limits the applicability of the findings. Originality/value The paper provides insights into how healthcare managers experience scale effects and how they consider economies of scale when planning hospital configuration. Also, past studies of economies of scale in hospitals proffer mixed results and the findings in this paper indicate a possible explanation for this inconclusiveness, i.e. differences in service mix between different hospitals.
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Ecchia, Stefania. "Informal rural credit markets and interlinked transactions in the district of late Ottoman Haifa, 1890–1915." Financial History Review 21, no. 1 (2014): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096856501400002x.
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By examining the acts of the Public Notary of Haifa (1890–1915), this article shows that it was the traditional informal market of credit, run by local notables, which financially supported the development of the small-landholding-based agricultural sector of the Haifa district in late Ottoman Palestine. In seeking to ascertain what led to the success of the informal rural credit market as compared with the formal credit market, the article finds that the local notables, who acted as financial intermediaries for small landholders, enjoyed an information advantage over the banks stemming from the establishment of interlinked credit market transactions connected to the stipulation of bay' wafā, salam and muzara‘ah contracts. In a context of land privatisation and growing commercialisation of agriculture, these contracts became the instruments used by notables to invest in peasants' landholdings and to manage a sales network for agricultural products on a local and international scale, hence representing an efficient financial institution to support the ‘agricultural export-led growth’ of late Ottoman Palestine.
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Miles, Derek. "A Decade of Small Contractor Development in Asia: Lessons from Project Experience." Public Works Management & Policy 1, no. 3 (1997): 245–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724x9700100304.
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Two of the more notable trends in development thinking relating to public works over the past decade are the increasing emphasis on private sector execution and the growing appreciation that the technological flexibility of the sector permits a high level of employment creation. In several Asian countries, these trends have been fostered by international technical cooperation projects aiming to introduce labor-based techniques and/or to improve the performance of small-scale domestic contractors. This article reviews eight such projects in countries with a variety of operational environments, distinguishing between projects where the task was contractor development and those where there was a more ambitious goal of construction industry development. It offers a model for mobilizing private sector capacity and concludes that a more coherent and replicable approach to project design and execution could yield substantial benefits.
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Wachs, Johannes, Taha Yasseri, Balázs Lengyel, and János Kertész. "Social capital predicts corruption risk in towns." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 4 (2019): 182103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.182103.
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Corruption is a social plague: gains accrue to small groups, while its costs are borne by everyone. Significant variation in its level between and within countries suggests a relationship between social structure and the prevalence of corruption, yet, large-scale empirical studies thereof have been missing due to lack of data. In this paper, we relate the structural characteristics of social capital of settlements with corruption in their local governments. Using datasets from Hungary, we quantify corruption risk by suppressed competition and lack of transparency in the settlement’s awarded public contracts. We characterize social capital using social network data from a popular online platform. Controlling for social, economic and political factors, we find that settlements with fragmented social networks, indicating an excess of bonding social capital has higher corruption risk, and settlements with more diverse external connectivity, suggesting a surplus of bridging social capital is less exposed to corruption. We interpret fragmentation as fostering in-group favouritism and conformity, which increase corruption, while diversity facilitates impartiality in public life and stifles corruption.
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Kulemeka, Paul John, Grant Kululanga, and Danny Morton. "Critical Factors Inhibiting Performance of Small- and Medium-Scale Contractors in Sub-Saharan Region: A Case for Malawi." Journal of Construction Engineering 2015 (July 1, 2015): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/927614.
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The construction industry is dominated by small- and medium-scale contractors (SMCs) who face an emerging trend of unique challenges in the implementation of projects. The study was aimed at examining inhibiting factors that influence performance of SMCs in terms of “quality of work,” “tender estimation,” “tender preparation,” and “timely completion of construction projects” in Malawi. A survey questionnaire was administered to 370 players in the construction industry which included public sector clients, contractors, consultants, and construction resource trainers in order to elicit data from 118 variables that were identified through a careful literature review. The inhibiting factors were generally dominated by economic issues, which was an emerging trend to what has been previously reported in the sub-Saharan region. The first highest ranked inhibiting factors were high lending interest regimes offered by financial institutions; stringent conditions to access capital; fluctuation of currency; stringent requirements for obtaining bonds; and high taxes. The research lays the foundation for further understanding of inhibitors on performance of SMCs in an evolving world which is being impacted by global factors and punctuated by sudden changes.
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Schinkel, Maarten Pieter, Lukáš Tóth, and Jan Tuinstra. "Discretionary Authority and Prioritizing in Government Agencies." Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 30, no. 2 (2019): 240–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muz018.
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Abstract Government agencies have a certain freedom to choose among different possible courses of action. This article studies agency decision making on priorities in a principal–agent framework with multiple tasks. Agency leadership has discretion over part of the agency’s budget to incentivize staff in the pickup of cases. The head is concerned not only with society’s benefits from the agency’s overall performance, but also with the organization’s public image. Based on their talent and the contracts offered by the head, staff officials choose which type of task to pursue: complex major cases with an uncertain outcome or basic minor and simple cases with a higher probability of success. We show how the size of the agency’s discretionary budget influences both the scale and type of tasks it will engage in. Small changes in the budget can cause extensive restructuring from major to minor tasks, or vice versa, causing social welfare jumps. The mechanism provides overhead authorities with some control over the priorities of supposedly independent agencies. It applies generally to government bureaus with the formal and informal discretion to choose their tasks. Antitrust authorities serve as one illustration of implications for institutional design.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Small scale public contracts"
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Mrňová, Zuzana. "Řízení veřejné stavební zakázky malého rozsahu se zaměřením na cenu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372172.
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The purpose of this Master’s thesis is to propose a procedure for the management of small-scale public construction contracts for municipalities. The procedure is designed based on information obtained from an analysis of the development of the existence and quality of internal regulations, an analysis of the development of information openness and in particular, a questionnaire completed amongst the mayors of municipalities. The resulting procedure for the awarding of small-scale public construction contracts is divided into three categories according to the expected value of the public contract. For each category, the number of suppliers contacted, the address of the suppliers, the decision-making entity and the bid evaluation process are set out in such a way that small municipalities can use this procedure as an internal rule for small-scale public construction contracts.
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El, Haddad Marie. "Barcelona: Small-Scale Public Spaces." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/455143.
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Small-scale public spaces form an essential part of Barcelona’s urban development. During the beginning of the democratic era, Oriol Bohigas began the reconstruction of the city by creating small-scale public spaces of quality with the purpose of “higienizar el centro y monumentalizar la periferia”. They were applied in all the districts of Barcelona, with the intent of compensating for the loss of open spaces and segregation caused during the dictatorship. Thus, the city gained a series of small public spaces that recovered its urban fabric and provided a better quality of life and coexistence.
The means of creating these small-scale public spaces is through the ‘esponjamiento’ of the urban fabric, that involved a selective destruction of specific deteriorated sites and the redevelopment of residual spaces.
The study of the historic framework of these operations in Barcelona demonstrates that the creation of small public spaces through ‘esponjamiento’ is attributed to the GATCPAC’s sanitation plan for the old town, and the interventions of Adolf Florensa in the city.
This method originated from the concerns of urban hygiene in the 19th century. European industrial cities were suffering from epidemics, overpopulation and insalubrity, and the first measures of urban hygiene were through the ‘eventrement’ of the city, opening it up with large straight axes that crossed though its urban fabric eliminating everything in their path.
In Barcelona, the first initiative was by tearing down its walls and expanding into the Plain. Ildefons Cerdà drafted his expansion plan focusing a great deal on hygiene and ventilation and provided the blocks in his grid with small-scale interior courtyards.
As for the old town, early measures were taken through the ‘eventrement’ of the old fabric initially proposed by Cerdà and later redeveloped by Àngel Baixeras. Thus, began the opening of the Via Laietana that resulted in the loss of large amounts of historic and monumental buildings.
From that moment, the creation of small-scale public spaces through ‘esponjamiento’ was born as an alternative solution to large-scale demolitions and expropriations. And thanks to this procedure Barcelona gained a network of small-scale public spaces that still play an important role in our present day.<br>Los espacios públicos de pequeña escala forman una parte esencial del desarrollo urbano de Barcelona. Al inicio de la era democrática, Oriol Bohigas empezó la reconstrucción de la ciudad creando espacios públicos de pequeña escala pero de gran calidad con el objetivo de “higienizar el centro y monumentalizar la periferia”. Estas intervenciones tuvieron lugar en todos los distritos de Barcelona, intentando así compensar la pérdida de espacios abiertos y la segregación causada durante la dictadura. De esa forma, la ciudad ganó una serie de espacios públicos de pequeña escala que contribuyeron a recuperar el tejido urbano y mejoraron la calidad de vida y la coexistencia.
El medio para crear dichos espacios públicos de pequeña escala es el “esponjamiento” del tejido urbano, que implicaba una selección destructiva de zonas específicas deterioradas así como del desarrollo de espacios residuales.
El estudio del marco histórico de estas operaciones en Barcelona demuestra que la creación de espacios públicos de pequeña escala a través del “esponjamiento” es atribuido al plan de higiene para la ciudad vieja de GATPAC y a las intervenciones de Adolfo Florensa en la ciduad.
Este método tuvo su origen en la preocupación por la higiene urbana del siglo XIX. Las ciudades industriales europeas sufrían de epidemias, sobrepoblación e insalubridad general, Las primeras medidas de higiene urbana se llevaron a cabo a través del “eventrement” de la ciudad, abriendo largos ejes rectos que cruzaban el tejido urbano eliminando todo a su paso.
En Barcelona, la primera iniciativa implicó la destrucción de las murallas y la extensión hacia el Llano. Ildefons Cerdà esbozó su plan de expansión centrándose en gran parte en la higiene y la ventilación y equipando los diferentes bloques de jardines interiores de pequeña escala.
Con respecto a la ciudad vieja, se tomaron una serie de medidas iniciales mediante el “eventrement” del tejido antiguo propuesto inicialmente por Cerdà y luego reedificado por Àngel Baixeras. De esta forma, se empezó con la apertura de la Via Laietana que resultó en la pérdida de grandes cantidades de edificios históricos y monumentales. Desde ese momento, la creación de espacios públicos de pequeña escala mediante el “esponjamiento” se constituyó como una solución alternativa a las demoliciones y expropiaciones a gran escala. Y gracias a este proceso, Barcelona ganó una red de espacios públicos de pequeña escala que todavía juegan un rol importante a día de hoy.
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Mitchell, Mark Anthony. "Small Service Business Strategies to Win Open Federal Competitive Contracts." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7316.
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Despite policies for U.S. federal agencies to use open competitive procedures that increase small business participation in federal contracting, some small businesses do not win open competitive federal contracts. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the strategies some leaders of small businesses in the service industry have used to win open competitive U.S. federal contracts. The conceptual framework for this study was agency theory. The participants in this study were 6 leaders of small businesses in the state of Washington who successfully implemented strategies to win open competitive U.S. federal contracts. Data were collected through face-to-face, semistructured interviews and a review of company documents. Data were analyzed using Yin's 5-phase cycle of compiling, disassembling, reassembling, interpreting, and concluding the data, resulting in the 3 key themes: opportunity identification strategy, requirements strategy, and bid submission strategy. The findings indicated that leaders of small businesses win U.S. federal contracts by identifying contracting opportunities that meet their business model and risk tolerance, strengthening their knowledge of contract requirements, and increasing their participation in competitive public procurements. The implications of this study for positive social change include the potential for leaders of small businesses to lower the unemployment rate through the creation of jobs, increased innovation, and contribution to the economic growth of the local community.
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Auld, Kathleen Gwynneth. "Sustainable Development of Small-Scale Fisheries and the Need for Strong Measures to Protect Small-Scale Fisheries in International Trade Law." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Law, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33429.
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The small-scale fisheries sector makes a valuable contribution to livelihoods and food security, particularly in under-resourced countries. Yet small-scale fishers and fishing communities are often vulnerable and marginalised, and the small-scale sector is largely ignored by governments providing subsidies to their fishing industries. Provisions seeking to ban harmful fisheries subsidies are now the subject of several large international trade agreements and negotiations. While this is a laudable and necessary goal, the binding nature and robust enforcement mechanisms of trade agreements make it imperative that small-scale fisheries are protected and provided for in these agreements in the interests of sustainable development and poverty reduction. The thesis considers how this can be achieved. In order to determine what would best serve the interests of small-scale fisheries in trade agreements, the thesis creates a framework of development needs, which underpins the analysis in the remainder of the thesis. This analysis revolves around three large trade agreements and negotiations containing provisions on fisheries subsidies – namely the World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations, the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), and the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA). Drawing on the development framework, the thesis identifies a number of shortcomings in these agreements when it comes to protections for small-scale fisheries, including a lack of provision for important development needs and a failure to achieve an appropriate balance between development and sustainability considerations. The thesis also considers potential problems that could arise in the conclusion and enforcement of trade agreements dealing with fisheries subsidies, particularly as these relate to small-scale fisheries and sustainable development. Based on this analysis, the thesis makes a number of recommendations to be incorporated in trade agreements going forward that would adequately protect and promote the interests of small-scale fisheries, while not losing sight of sustainability concerns and the practical realities of negotiating complex international trade agreements. These include, inter alia, exemptions for important social assistance subsidies, better representation and transparency, and measures to improve equity between the small-scale sector and other fishing sectors.
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McGlashan, Asha. "Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Obtaining Public Procurement Contract Awards." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5573.
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The dominance of federal and state contracts by large enterprises reduces the share of contracts small and medium-sized enterprises' (SMEs) business leaders obtain. As of the last census reading in 2016, SMEs received only 23% of contracts. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the strategies of 3 small business leaders, operating in south Florida, for obtaining state contracts through public procurement. The thematic findings were in the context of the principal-agent theory as the conceptual framework. The participants answered 10 questions in semistructured interviews and provided organizational procurement documents for review. The methodological triangulation of multiple data sources and data analysis led to the identification of 3 primary themes: business performance, overcoming barriers, and strategic initiatives. Enabling proper business performance protocols for revenue, company reputation, pricing, and compliance benefitted the 3 participants as a strategy for successfully winning state contracts. The participants first identified the barriers they experienced, which included access, bargaining power, funding, and labels. The barriers encountered by the participants became less overwhelming with the implementation of strategic initiatives based on knowledge, relationship building, skilled personnel, and taking action. Findings included the importance of SME business leaders and personnel educating themselves on the public procurement process and building relationships with individuals in the various agencies. Application of the findings may lead to a social change of higher small business employment rates, increased revenue, and improved innovation for business leaders.
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Xi, Junjie. "Evaluating the functional performance of small-scale public demountable buildings." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/12133/.
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This thesis investigates the design, operation and use of contemporary demountable buildings, and explores how functional performance can be assessed in small-scale examples for public use alongside with their relationship to other design elements. The research focuses on three case studies that do not require a high-technology building environment or complex construction skills. Demountable buildings are defined as those that are transported in a number of parts for assembly on site. Contemporary demountable buildings respond to ecological issues, social impacts, technological innovation and economic demands. They can be used to measure a society’s development in environmental sustainability, innovation and economic growth through various forms. Small-scale demountable buildings fulfil many temporary habitation needs in diverse roles, such as non-emergency transitional housing, ephemeral exhibition buildings and seasonal entertainment facilities. The purpose of examining functional performance is to assess if, and how, the requirements of the design have been achieved. This enables project operators to address functional performance from a public perspective by reflecting on the scope and ambition of their projects. This thesis draws on existing literature to investigate previous and on-going research relating to demountable buildings, including classification, the construction process and project management. It also examines selected existing evaluation methods that cover principles, modelling and computer-based solutions from a wider research area, including Guidelines Developed by City Council and Culture Sectors; Assessment Methods in Humanitarian Response and Methods in Environmental Assessment. The research was conducted by combining both quantitative and qualitative research methods, including field research, case studies, interviews, questionnaires and group discussions. Fragmented narratives were transformed into structured evidence, identifying models of best performance in demountable buildings and developing a new method – the Evaluation Conceptual Model – for the effective evaluation and evidencing of the value of demountable buildings in the 21st century. Recommendations for adapting a suitable model to evaluate other design elements in demountable buildings and other types of moveable buildings in further research are suggested and the findings have been used to lay the foundations for a practical evaluation tool for the future.
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Cheifetz, Aaron A. "The effect of aqcuisition reform on small business participation in the Federal marketplace /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Mar%5FCheifetz.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Contract Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2004.<br>Thesis advisor(s): David V. Lamm, Peter T. Capozzoli. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-50). Also available online.
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Rönnqvist, Patrik. "INTEGRATION OF SMALL-SCALE URBAN FARMING IN PUBLIC SPACES OF WINTER CITIES." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Arkitektur och vatten, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-67460.
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With an increasing urbanization and decreasing food security, the policy places greater demands on the future use of agricultural land and food supply. At the same time as awareness of food consumption increases among individuals, new technologies for farming also develop. The following degree project aims at carrying out a pilot study for further concept development for small-scale urban farming in winter cities. Based on a literature study and inspiration from reference objects, opportunities for continued conceptual development are analysed. These technical aspects together with a study of how public spaces, can or cannot, be used according to the case study’s municipality policy for usage of public space. And these aspects then lay the foundation for an initial concept and design proposal aimed at pointing out the possibilities of the concept. This initial concept is also the basis for a rough estimate of productivity with such urban cultivation tools. The conceptual urban farming tool devised here, is intended to not be taking more attention than necessary and portable. This is to make as little physical and visual impact in the city as possible, and to be adaptable to different places. However, there has been a lack of space for urban farming in the case study's municipal policy, for usage of public spaces. This has meant that the design proposal could not be anchored in accordance with the guidelines the municipality wishes for the use of public spaces. There are documented guidelines for similar use, and the design proposal has been assumed to fit in the policy of using the public space. The tool that has been developed consists of two containers, one of which is intended to work as a working area for harvesting and the other for cultivating. The hydroponic installation chosen in this work has been developed by Bright Agrotech. These installations are called Zipfarm and Zipwall, and are vertical cultivations which by drip irrigation bring nutrients to the plants. These towers that hold the plants during the cultivation period are mounted either in a portable rack or against a wall-based rack. This vertical cultivation method was chosen in this work because of the mobility. With the help of a tool to estimate production that Bright Agrotech provided and technical specifications for the grow lights used in the concept, a rough estimate of the operating cost of 13kr per kilo, to produce leafy green crops, has been calculated. This figure is based solely on the estimated amount of harvest and an estimate of the electricity consumption of the grow lights. The conclusion in this work, is that it is possible to integrate urban agriculture in winter cities with the aid of containers and hydroponic installations. What can be an incentive to not do this today is that electricity consumption can be too expensive, and that it is cheaper to cultivate in other places and transport the food in to the city.
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Turner, Paula Lousie. "A realist exploration of small firm tendering for public sector contracts : a micro-foundational study of capability." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2017. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/620344/.
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Keywords: Small firm (SME), tendering, critical realism, routines, capability, generative mechanisms, case study, absorptive capacity Objectives: The current state of theory building in the field of small firm tendering capability requires better explanation of the detailed routines that underlie capability. This thesis enhances small firm productivity literature by proposing a new conceptual framework to explore small firm capability to competitively tender for public sector contracts Prior Work: My prior work has tested literature themes in human capital and dynamic capability theory to move beyond the resource scarcity explanation of small firm difficulty in competing for public sector contracts. This suggested a conceptual framework to link competitiveness with capability building, drawing on cutting-edge organisational theory. It prepared me to begin an empirical mobilisation of dynamic capability theory, as it relates to small firms Approach: A detailed analysis of an exceptionally successful small firm identifies specific resources and routines that form the micro-foundations for contingently contextual capability. Primary case findings are augmented by a comparative case analysis. Research is operationalised through a critical realist mode of perception, where tendering is examined as a social institution with overlapping layers of structural power that constrain and enable the exercise of agential efforts inside a firm. Theoretical case sampling through interviews and wider observational and documentary analysis demonstrates the utility of the framework Results: Tendering capability is conceptualised using institutional, capability and absorptive capacity theory. Fifteen firm routines are identified and organised into a capability framework that comprises of operational and dynamic domains. Competitive capability emerges from routines that command resources effectively, not just resource ownership. Tendering activity is amenable to routinisation that are situated in regular patterns of knowledge, skills and action, but also in dynamic capabilities Implications: The study of successful firm routines suggests a new research direction for studying aspects of small firm productivity, of which tendering is an example. The capability framework and findings will help practitioners and policy makers to focus beyond descriptions of practice towards a better understanding of causal relationships Value: The study addresses a capability knowledge gap in small firms’ empirical literature. It demonstrates how the exercise of agency is built and shaped through the notion of context. It benefits researchers, business support providers, public procurers and small firms. It creates knowledge about learning pathways that lead to more small firms placing themselves in the opportunity flow of public sector tendering, by using a capability framework.
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Manjengwa, George Munyaradzi. "Animal traction and small-scale farming : a Stellenbosch case study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6542.
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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The main aim of this case study was to research the impact of the introduction of oxen for
draught power on Eric Swarts’ Stellenbosch farm. The research objectives were designed to find
out if the oxen helped to improve the quality of the soil, to determine their cost-effectiveness
(compared to a tractor) and other social and managerial constraints and benefits associated with
using them and also to make recommendations for small-scale farmers in developing countries.
The literature review revealed that human society faces many serious sustainability challenges
from ecosystem degradation and global warming, to massive poverty and social inequality. The
global population is growing against a background of decreasing agricultural productivity due to
degraded soils and the increased costs of farming. The adoption of farming methods that enhance
ecosystem services and depend less on external inputs is therefore essential. Animal traction is
still widely used among small-scale farmers in developing countries, but lacks policy and
investment support to make it more efficient. There are currently widespread negative opinions
about animal traction which regard it as a backward or old-fashioned technology. This research
investigated the possibility of animal traction emerging as an affordable, environmentallyfriendly and appropriate technology for small-scale farming.
The research is a case study with a qualitative, ethnographic research design in which participant
observation was key in gathering research data. A cost-benefit analysis (CBA) was carried out to
compare the cost-effectiveness of using oxen to either hiring or buying a tractor.
The findings showed that oxen were a more cost-effective means of draught power than a tractor,
not only in terms of capital costs but also maintenance and operational costs. The manure from
the oxen was both an effective way of supplying crops with essential nutrients and improving
soil biodiversity. The introduction of the oxen presented some challenges to the farmer
concerning knowledge about how animals work and other managerial challenges, but these were
overcome by learning through practice. It was found that the farmer will be able to make
significant savings in soil-amendment costs and he can control the quality of the manure to suit his needs. It was concluded that small-scale farmers who choose animal traction over tractors as
a means of draught power will realise many advantages in return.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hoof doelwit van dié gevallestudie was om die impak van die ingebruikneming van osse as
trekkrag op Eric Swarts se plaas te Stellenbosch na te vors. Die navorsingsteikens was ontwerp
om uit te vind of die beeste gehelp het om die kwaliteit van die grond te verbeter, om hul
lonendheid vas te stel (in vergelyking met ’n trekker) asook ander sosiale en bestuursbeperkings
en -voordele wat met hul gebruik geassosieer word en ook met voorstelle vir kleinskaalboere in
ontwikkelende lande voorendag te kom.
Die literatuuroorsig navorsing het ontbloot dat die menslike samelewing met vele
volhoubaarheidsuitdagings vanaf ekosistemiese agteruitgang en aardverhitting, tot swaar
armoedigheid en sosiale ongelykhede gekonfronteer word. Die wêreld bevolking groei steeds ten
spyte van die afname in landboukundige produktiwiteit as gevolg van verlaagde grondkwaliteit
en die toenemende landboukoste. Die ingebruikneming van landboumetodes wat ekosistemiese
dienste verhoog en minder staatmaak op eksterne insette is dus noodsaaklik. Dieretrekking word
steeds algemeen in ontwikkelende landebenut, maar dit ontbreek beleids- en
beggingsondersteuning om dit meer doeltreffend te maak. Daar is tans algemeen verbreide
negatiewe sienswyse oor dieretrekksag wat dit as agterlike en oudmodiese tegnologie beskou.
Dié navorsing het ondersoek ingestel om die moontlikheid van dieretrekking as ’n bekostigbare,
omgewingsvriendelike en passende tegnologie vir kleinskaalboerdery vas te stel.
Die navorsing is’n gevallestudie met kwalitatiwe, etnografiese navorsingsontwerp waarin
deelnemerwaarneming kern is tot die insameling van data. ’n Kostewinsteanalise (KWA) was
uitgevoer om die lonenheid van beeste te vergelyk met dié van of die huur of die koop van ’n
trekker.
Die bevindings het getoon dat beeste ’n lonender wyse van trekkrag as trekkers is, nie net in
terme van kapitale koste nie, maar ook onderhouds en bedryfskoste. Die beesmis was beide ’n
doeltreffende manier om die gevasse van nodige voedingstowwe te voorsien asook om
grondbiodiversiteit te verbeter. Die ingebruikneming van beeste het sekere uitdagings vir die
boere ingehou in verband met die kennis van hoe diere werk en ander bestuursuitdagings, maar dié was oorkom deur onderrig uit ondervinding. Daar was bevind dat die boer beduidende
besparings kan maak aan grondaanvullingskoste hierdie jaar en dat hy die kwaliteit van die
beesmis kan beheer om sy behoeftes dien. Die slotsom is dat kleinskaalboere wat kies om
dieretrekking eerder as trekkers as trekkrag te gebruik, sal vele voordele hê.
Books on the topic "Small scale public contracts"
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1967-, Linn Robert, ed. Small scale: Creative solutions for better city living. Princeton Architectural Press, 2010.
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DiGiacomo, John. Win government contracts for your small business. 5th ed. Toolkit Media Group, 2010.
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Mathew, P. M. Public-private partnership for promotion of small-scale industries. Institute of Small Enterprises and Development, 2000.
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Moore, David C. Government contract negotiations: A practical guide for small businesses. John Wiley, 1996.
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Rowh, Mark. Winning government grants and contracts for your small business. McGraw-Hill, 1992.
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Report to the Committee on Small Business of the United States Senate and the Committee on Small Business of the United States House of Representatives: Study of the impact of contract bundling on small business concerns and practical recommendations. U.S. Small Business Administration, 1993.
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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Small Business. Small business in federal procurement: Results of competition advocacy and spare parts breakout programs : hearing before the Committee on Small Business, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, on small business in federal procurement ..., Oklahoma City, OK, March 22, 1986. U.S. G.P.O., 1986.
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James, Kleckner, and CCH Incorporated, eds. Win government contracts for your small business. CCH Incorporated, 2000.
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Municipal Research and Services Center of Washington. Washington State small works roster manual for local governments. Municipal Research & Services Center of Washington, 2000.
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Entrepreneurship, United States Congress Senate Committee on Small Business and. Small business contracting: Ensuring opportunities for America's small businesses : roundtable before the Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship, United States Senate, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, first session, September 22, 2009. U.S. Government Printing Office, 2013.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Small scale public contracts"
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Osei-Kojo, Alex, and Kwame Asamoah. "Public Administration, Governance, and Illegal Small-Scale Mining in Ghana." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3615-1.
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Scheumann, Waltina. "Literature Review on Large-Scale Public and Small-Scale Farmer Irrigation Systems." In Managing Salinization. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59044-3_3.
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Xi, Junjie. "Introduction." In Small-Scale Public Transportable and Pre-Fabricated Buildings. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315518893-1.
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Xi, Junjie. "Exxopolis: an Architects of Air Project." In Small-Scale Public Transportable and Pre-Fabricated Buildings. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315518893-10.
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Xi, Junjie. "Kreod." In Small-Scale Public Transportable and Pre-Fabricated Buildings. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315518893-11.
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Xi, Junjie. "Summary of case studies." In Small-Scale Public Transportable and Pre-Fabricated Buildings. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315518893-12.
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Xi, Junjie. "Key findings." In Small-Scale Public Transportable and Pre-Fabricated Buildings. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315518893-14.
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Xi, Junjie. "Limitations and further research." In Small-Scale Public Transportable and Pre-Fabricated Buildings. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315518893-15.
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Xi, Junjie. "Key factors in the design and operation of public transportable buildings." In Small-Scale Public Transportable and Pre-Fabricated Buildings. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315518893-3.
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Xi, Junjie. "Analysing the relationship between public transportable buildings and sites through selected examples." In Small-Scale Public Transportable and Pre-Fabricated Buildings. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315518893-4.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Small scale public contracts"
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Sanchez Portales, Silvia, and Elvira Maeso Gonzalez. "PUBLIC BUS SERVICE AND THE CONCESSION CONTRACT IN ANDALUSIA. EFFECT OF TRANSMISSION." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.3975.
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The Andalusian sector of regular public passenger transport of general use, has beentraditionally characterized by being configured by a wide variety of operators of small andmedium-scale, where the concession contracts were the only and main economic activity.Over time, new trends have appeared on the market that have led to the evolution of thesector to other models. On the one hand, transformation of the business owner tocorporations, and secondly the penetration of large multinational companies which haveentered the sector through the acquisition and, on many occasions, absorbing existingconcession companies.This paper analyzes the changes experienced in the concession contracts related to theirchange of ownership and its impact on the current structure industry. The analysis showsan overview of the regular public transport system travelers utility road in Andalusia.The results are interesting for the planning and design of new concession contracts,extension approach of the current contracts and general optimization of the system forpromotion of a sustainable transport, which satisfies needs of users, respecting the rule offree market.In short, this paper aims to provide a deeper knowledge of the sector, from the point ofview of the operating companies that intergrates it, showing the evolution in existingbusiness structures.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3975
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Quickel, Gregory T., John A. Beavers, John F. Kiefner, and Brian N. Leis. "Small-Scale Testing to Characterize ERW Seam Properties in Response to NTSB Recommendation P-09-1, Arising From the Carmichael, MS Rupture." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33073.
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On November 1, 2007, a liquid propane pipeline ruptured near Carmichael, Mississippi. Several pipeline industry experts collaboratively concluded the likely origin of the failure was a defect in the longitudinal electric resistance welded (ERW) seam.[1] These experts also noted that a seam-integrity assessment did not prevent the failure. Following the National Transportation Safety Board’s (NTSB’s) public report, they issued Recommendation P-09-1, which called upon the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) to conduct a comprehensive study to identify actions that can be used by operators to eliminate catastrophic longitudinal seam failures in pipelines, and indicated the required scope. NTSB directed that PHMSA conduct a comprehensive study of ERW pipe properties and the means to assure that they do not fail in service. Battelle contracted Kiefner and Associates, Inc. (KAI) and Det Norse Veritas (U.S.A.), Inc. (DNV) with the objective to assist PHMSA in favorably closing NTSB Recommendation P-09-1. One of the tasks performed by DNV was to identify the best method(s) to characterize the toughness properties of ERW seams.[2] The objectives of the task were met by performing 1) a literature search to identify current and new practices for characterizing seam weld properties and 2) Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact testing. The findings from the literature search support the use of the Charpy test for the assessment of the toughness of line pipe steels in general, and the ERW weld seams in particular. CVN testing was performed on specimens 1) where the notch varied in circumferential location from the bond line and 2) on bond line specimens, at and away from seam weld features/defects. The results indicated a significant decrease in the Charpy energy for non-post weld heat-treated (PWHT) pipe with decreasing distance from the bond line. Surprisingly, the Charpy energies (upper shelf) at the bond line were higher adjacent to the five confirmed (lack of fusion) LOF defects compared to away from the defects. Failure pressure calculations using CorLAS™ on various (direct current) DC ERW failures, where the pipe dimensions, tensile properties, and flaw geometry were known, revealed that very low Charpy energies (<1.4 J, [1 ft·lb] back-calculated) are needed to cause failure. While the data are very limited in this study, they do not support the notion that CVN tests of the bond line can be used in integrity assessments of bond line defects. This paper will outline some basic steps to be performed to establish a range of bond line Charpy energies.
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Knight, Kelly J., Kristian K. Debus, Jon M. Berkoe, and Tim J. Dasey. "Practical Application of the LES Method to Mixing in Large Indoor Spaces." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82025.
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The scope of protecting public venues in the U.S. is staggering in the areas of money, time and experience at doing this sort of thing. Derivation of protection strategies for the building infrastructure will necessarily involve a combination of experiments and computer simulations to provide confidence in building design or retrofit before the needed dollars and time are committed. Computer simulation can be less costly and be performed in shorter times than experiments even when the building of interest is quite large and thus, will be used extensively now and in the future for building protection design. This paper specifically targets the accuracy and application of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) codes for prediction of mixing behavior. The ability to determine the nature, make correct identification and quantify the amount of a release from a chemical or biological weapon (CBW) relies in part on understanding the underlying physics of air propagation throughout the domain. Specifically, we must understand the rates at which a contaminant may mix throughout the domain. Turbulent mixing is a function of the range of spatial and temporal scales found in the domain, i.e., the large scale eddies (on the size of the domain) advecting the contaminant, the small scale eddies (inertial range) “mixing” the contaminant as it is being advected and the time scales corresponding to these eddy sizes. The widely used Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) numerical modeling methods cannot capture the time dependent motions which are responsible for a significant amount of mixing. The Large Eddy Simulation (LES) method is based on simulating the turbulent fluctuations that can be resolved by the mesh while the smaller eddies are modeled. The LES method can produce more information about the nature of the flow field than RANS. This paper discusses the application of the LES method, specifically an LES/DES (Detached Eddy Simulation) coupled method, to simulate mixing in a realistically scaled fictitious airport. Application of the LES method such as determination of what eddy size to resolve, transient startup effects, determination of eddy turnover time and others are discussed. This research is sponsored by Department of Homeland Security under Air Force Contract F19628-00-C-0002. The views expressed are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or procedure of the United States Government.
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MUTMAN, Demet. "PERMITTED VERSUS PUBLIC PRACTICES: AWARENESS THROUGH SMALL SCALE TEMPORARY INTERVENTIONS." In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on ARTS, PERFORMING ARTS, ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b41/s15.104.
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Haq, Arinil, and Umar Fahmi Achmadi. "MERCURY POISONING ON GOLD MINERS AT ARTISANAL AND SMALL-SCALE GOLD MINING IN INDONESIA:A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." In Global Public Health conference. The International Institute of Knowledge Management-TIIKM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/globeheal.2018.1102.
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Van Dyke, Bill, and Tom Dabrowski. "Integrated Approach to Remediatiion of Multiple Uranium Mill Tailing Sites for the US DOE in the Western United States." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4834.
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This paper provides a case history of a highly successful approach that was developed and implemented for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for the cleanup and remediation of a large and diverse population of uranium mill tailings sites located in the Western United States. The paper addresses the key management challenges and lessons learned from the largest DOE Environmental Management Clean-up Project (in terms of number of individual clean-up sites) undertaken in the United States. From 1986 to 1996, the Department of Energy’s Grand Junction Projects Office (GJPO) completed approximately 4600 individual remedial action site cleanup projects for large- and small-scale properties, and sites contaminated with residual hazardous and radioactive materials from former uranium mining and milling activities. These projects, with a total value of $597 million, involved site characterization, remedial design, waste removal, cleanup verification, transportation, and disposal of nearly 2.7 million cubic yards of low-level and mixed low-level waste. The project scope included remedial action at 4,200 sites in Grand Junction, Colorado, and Edgemont, South Dakota; 412 sites in Monticello, Utah; and, 44 sites in Denver, Colorado. The projects ranged in size and complexity from the multi-year Monticello Millsite Remedial Action Project, which involved investigations, characterization, remedial design, and remedial action at this uranium millsite along with design of a 2.5 million cubic yard disposal cell, to the remediation and reconstruction of thousands of smaller commercial and residential properties throughout the Southwestern United States. Because these projects involved remedial action at a variety of commercial facilities, businesses, churches, schools and personal residences, and the transportation of the waste through towns and communities, an extensive public involvement program was the cornerstone of an effort to promote stakeholder understanding and acceptance. The Project established a DOE model for rapid, economical, and effective remedial action. During the ten years of the contract, the management operations contractor (Duratek) met all project milestones on schedule and under budget, with no cost growth from the original scope. By streamlining remediation schedules and techniques, ensuring effective stakeholder communications, and transferring lessons learned from one project to the next, the contractor achieved maximum efficiency and the lowest remediation costs of any similar DOE environmental programs at the time.
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Barattino, William J., Benjamin J. Cross, D. Jeffrey Smith, et al. "The Business Case for SMRs on DOD Installations." In ASME 2011 Small Modular Reactors Symposium. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smr2011-6552.
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U. S. Federal Agencies have been directed to reduce all use of Fossil Fuel Energy in Buildings by 2030. The Department of Defense (DOD) has additional requirements to significantly reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions and achieve energy independence for military installations over the next few decades. Installations are empowered to reach these ambitious goals with execution of long term contracts with service providers for power and industrial processes as long as their operating expenditures are lower than costs of existing services. This paper will explore the business case conditions for how Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) located on U.S. Army installations by a servicing utility could provide a viable energy alternative to the DOD for meeting these objectives. A systems perspective is critical toward understanding the potential for SMRs to enable pursing the parallel objectives of reducing fossil fuel usage, making installations energy self-sufficient, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions with long term operations at lower costs. The potential for meeting greenhouse gas emission goals will be analyzed in terms of quantifying the reductions in current emissions footprint of installations that would be achieved with shifting to non-carbon prime energy sources such as SMRs. Actual costs for meeting the energy needs of Army military installations in the U.S. will form the basis for defining the life cycle cost profiles to enable the base commanders to justify long term services contracts. As with any commercial power plant, the upfront costs for construction and startup testing, combined with lower system operating costs, will provide the basis for analyzing required economic lengths of contracts. To navigate the bumps of any new nuclear system, SMR power generating plants must be structured as a “Win-Win” proposition from both private and public sector perspectives. For the private investor, the contract must be constructed to allow for recovery of capital and operating costs by private investors with sufficient return on investment to undertake this type of business opportunity. For the government to engage in the deal, the contract must conform to capital lease requirements for federal contracts, but also demonstrate sufficient savings over existing leased utility services to enable execution of the contract by the military base. A systems approach that addresses life cycle costs at this early stage for SMRs will provide critical insight for Megawatt level power generating systems servicing small towns and communities similar in size to a military base. With the economic framework sufficiently defined to enable public sector commitments, program funding may be more forthcoming for completing SMR development, licensing and permitting phases on a prudent but expedited timeframe.
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L’Heureux, Zara E., and Klaus S. Lackner. "Small Scale Energy Storage for Peak Demand Shaving." In ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2017-3053.
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Utilities in regulated energy markets manage power generation, transmission, and delivery to consumers. Matching peak demand with peak generation is costly, and the increasing penetration of renewable energy into the grid adds complexity due to fluctuations in supply. A few options exist for addressing the task of balancing supply and demand, including demand response, energy storage, and time-varying pricing (tariffs). Arizona Public Service (APS), the largest electric utility company in Arizona, employs tariffs that charge more for electricity at certain times (on-peak periods) and a demand charge for the highest power demand throughout the billing period. Such tariffs incentivize end users to lower peak demand. Arizona State University (ASU), a public university with its largest campus in Tempe, AZ, participates in a time-of-use tariff structure with APS. Analysis in this paper shows that ASU’s 16MWdc of onsite solar capacity alone can lower its monthly electricity bills by over 10% by decreasing on-peak power demand. A novel contribution of the paper is the analysis of the value of small scale, on-campus energy storage in lowering the demand charge. Most analyses consider savings from transferring off-peak electric power to peak-electric power, but this paper considers using stored electricity solely to reduce peak demand and thus lower the demand charge. Small amounts of electricity could greatly reduce overall cost. An algorithm was developed and executed in Python to decide when on-campus storage should be charged and discharged. The critical part of the algorithm is to decide when to discharge. Deploying too early, or too late, will not change peak demand. The paper’s storage dispatch model is implemented alongside a financial model that calculates the savings in electricity bills and determines the net present value (NPV) of different storage technologies as a function of storage lifetime and installed capacity (kWh). The results show that, for all storage technologies considered, a positive NPV is realized. NPVs are very sensitive to actual power demand and thus vary from year to year. This is to be expected because the storage dispatch strategy operates on extreme values, which tend to include very rare events. This analysis uses actual data from ASU, which allows us to extend the results to other universities and commercial customers. The favorable results suggest that a smarter dispatch algorithm based on machine learning would enable further cost savings by determining what can be thought of as a shadow price of electricity.
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KRIVAŠONOKA, Inita, and Andra ZVIRBULE. "PUBLIC FOOD PROCUREMENT – THE SITUATION IN LATVIA." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.236.
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One of the most important medium-term tasks in Latvia is the promotion of production and consumption of local food through implementing measures aimed at increasing the market share of food products produced in Latvia in public procurement and consumption. The research aim is to examine the situation of public food procurement in Latvia and assess the changes of local products share in public food procurement. In Latvia, at the end of 2014, in response to Russia's embargo on the Latvian-produced food products and to promote local food consumption in the country was accepted new Regulations. These Regulations prescribe the requirements for public procurement using environmental criteria, and their application, as well as the applicable tender selection criteria for the food supply and catering contracts. This contributed an increase of the quantity of purchases where ZPP criteria were used, thereby also increased the share of local production. The purchase of food from local farmers positively affects local entrepreneurship, while providing a significant income source for the local farmers; in this way, the viability of many small local agricultural holdings is maintained. Research methods used: monographic, descriptive, analysis, synthesis, statistical analysis. The present research was performed based on the statistical data, research papers and other information sources.
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Ribarov, Lubomir A., and David S. Liscinsky. "Microgrid Viability for Small-Scale Cooling, Heating, and Power." In ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50045.
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Cooling, Heating, and Power (CHP) energy systems provide higher fuel efficiency than conventional systems, resulting in reduced emissions and other environmental benefits. Until recently the focus of CHP system development has been primarily on medium-scale commercial applications in a limited number of market segments where clear value propositions lead to short term payback. Small-scale integrated CHP systems that show promise of achieving economic viability through significant improvements in fuel utilization have received increased attention lately. In this paper the economic potential is quantified for small-scale (micro-grid) integrated CHP systems suitable for groups of buildings with aggregate electric loads in the 15 kW–120 kW range. Technologies are evaluated for community building groups (CBGs) consisting of aggregation of pure residential entities and combined residential and light commercial entities. Emphasis is on determination of the minimum load size (i.e. the smallest electric and thermal load for a given CBG that is supplied with electric, heating, cooling power from a CHP) for which a micro-grid CHP system is both technically and economically viable. In this paper, the operation of the CHP system is parallel with the public utility grid at all times, i.e. the grid is interconnected. Evaluations of CHP technology options using simulation studies in a “three-dimensional” space (CHP technology option, CBG load aggregation, and geographical location in the USA) were evaluated based on comparisons of net present value (NPV). The simulations indicated that as electric load increases, the viability of the CHP system (independent of the system’s size) becomes more favorable. Exceeding a system runtime (utilization) of 70% was shown to pass the break-even line in the NPV analysis. Finally, geographic location was found to have a relatively weak effect on the reported trends. These results suggest that micro grid CHP systems have the potential to be economically viable with relative independence of geographic location if adequately sized to match the load requirements.
Reports on the topic "Small scale public contracts"
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López Boo, Florencia, Jane Leer, and Akito Kamei. Community Monitoring Improves Public Service Provision at Scale: Experimental Evidence from a Child Development Program in Nicaragua. Inter-American Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002869.
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Expanding small-scale interventions without lowering quality and attenuating impact is a critical policy challenge. Community monitoring overs a low-cost quality assurance mechanism by making service providers account-able to local citizens, rather than distant administrators. This paper provides experimental evidence from a home visit parenting program implemented at scale by the Nicaraguan government, with two types of monitoring: (a) institutional monitoring; and (b) community monitoring. We find d a positive intent-to-treat effect on child development, but only among groups randomly assigned to community monitoring. Our findings show promise for the use of community monitoring to ensure quality in large-scale government-run social programs.
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Mudge, Christopher, and Kurt Getsinger. Comparison of generic and proprietary aquatic herbicides for control of invasive vegetation; part 3 : submersed plants. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42061.
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Herbicide selection is key to efficiently managing nuisance vegetation in our nation’s waterways. After selecting the active ingredient, there still remains multiple proprietary and generic products to choose from. Recent small-scale research has been conducted to compare the efficacy of these herbicides against floating and emergent species. Therefore, a series of mesocosm and growth chamber trials were conducted to evaluate subsurface applications of the following herbicides against submersed plants: diquat versus coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum L.), hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata L.f. Royle), southern naiad (Najas guadalupensis (Sprengel) Magnus), and Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.); flumioxazin versus coontail, hydrilla, and Eurasian watermilfoil; and triclopyr against Eurasian watermilfoil. All active ingredients were applied at concentrations commonly used to manage these species in public waters. Visually, all herbicides within a particular active ingredient performed similarly with regard to the onset and severity of injury symptoms throughout the trials. All trials, except diquat versus Eurasian watermilfoil, resulted in no differences in efficacy among the 14 proprietary and generic herbicides tested, and all herbicides provided 43%–100% control, regardless of active ingredient and trial. Under mesocosm and growth chamber conditions, the majority of the generic and proprietary herbicides evaluated against submersed plants provided similar control.
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Mudge, Christopher R., and Kurt D. Getsinger. Comparison of Generic and Proprietary Aquatic Herbicides for Control of Invasive Vegetation : Part 2. Emergent Plants. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39679.
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Aquatic herbicides are one of the most effective and widespread ways to manage nuisance vegetation in the US After the active ingredient is selected, often there are numerous proprietary and generic branded products to select from. To date, limited efforts have been made to compare the efficacy of brand name and generic herbicides head to head; therefore, at tot al of 20 mesocosm trials were conducted to evaluate various 2,4 -D, glyphosate, imazapyr, and triclopyr products against alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.), southern cattail (hereafter referred to as cattail, Typha domingensis Pers.), and creeping water primrose (hereafter referred as primrose, Ludwigia peploides (Kunth) P.H. Raven). All active ingredients were applied to foliage at broadcast rates commonly used in applications to public waters. Proprietary and generic 2,4 -D, glyphosate, imazapyr, and triclopyr were efficacious and provided 39 to 99% control of alligatorweed, cattail and primrose in 19 of the 20 trials. There were no significant differences i n product performance except glyphosate vs. alligatorweed (trial 1, Rodeo vs. Roundup Custom) and glyphosate vs. cattail (trial 1, Rodeo vs. Glyphosate 5.4). These results demonstrate under small -scale conditions, the majority of the generic and proprietary herbicides provided similar control of emergent vegetation, regardless of active ingredient
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van den Boogaard, Vanessa, Wilson Prichard, Rachel Beach, and Fariya Mohiuddin. Strengthening Tax-Accountability Links: Fiscal Transparency and Taxpayer Engagement in Ghana and Sierra Leone. Institute of Development Studies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2020.002.
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There is increasingly strong evidence that taxation can contribute to expanded government responsiveness and accountability. However, such positive connections are not guaranteed. Rather, they are shaped by the political and economic context and specific policies adopted by governments and civil society actors. Without an environment that enables tax bargaining, there is a risk that taxation will amount to little more than forceful extraction. We consider how such enabling environments may be fostered through two mixed methods case studies of tax transparency and taxpayer engagement in Sierra Leone and Ghana. We highlight two key sets of findings. First, tax transparency is only meaningful if it is accessible and easily understood by taxpayers and relates to their everyday experiences and priorities. In particular, we find that taxpayers do not just want basic information about tax obligations or aggregate revenue collected, but information about how much revenue should have been collected and how revenues were spent. At the same time, taxpayers do not want information to be shared with them through a one-way form of communication, but rather want to have spaces for dialogue and interaction with tax and government officials, including through public meetings and radio call-in programmes. Second, strategies to encourage taxpayer engagement are more likely to be effective where forums for engagement are perceived by taxpayers to be safe, secure, and sincere means through which to engage with government officials. This has been most successful where governments have visibly demonstrated responsiveness to citizen concerns, even on a small scale, while partnering with civil society to foster trust, dialogue and expanded knowledge. These findings have significant implications for how governments design taxpayer education and engagement programmes and how civil society actors and development partners can support more equitable and accountable tax systems. Our findings provide concrete lessons for how governments can ensure that information shared with taxpayers is meaningful and accessible. Moreover, we show that civil society actors can play important roles as translators of tax information, enablers of public forums and dialogues around tax issues, and trainers of taxpayers, supporting greater tax literacy and sustained citizen engagement.