Academic literature on the topic 'Social dislocation'

The study of rural history and social unrest in the English countryside has concentrated largely on East Anglia and southern England. Apart from one or two recent studies, the western agricultural counties have been relatively ignored. More importantly, apart from giving some detailed accounts of the lives of rural political activists, many historians have paid less attention to the daily lives of the majority of agricultural labourers. This has led to a general acceptance that most labourers were part of a rural proletariat whose loss of common rights and declining living standards culminated in the Last Labourers’ Revolt of 1830. This thesis seeks to broaden this view by providing a more holistic view of labourers’ lives in Worcestershire in order to determine what social and economic changes had the most impact on rural life in general and on three settlements in particular. The introduction demonstrates how romantic views of the past have influenced some historians’ attitudes. It then determines the empirical basis for this study.

La thèse va tenter de montrer comment, par l'exploration de l'imaginaire des travailleurs sociaux, la théorie de l'éclatement développée dans la plupart des publications spécialisées sur la question du travail social doit être amendée, voire abandonnée au profit d'une vision plus large, plus complexe de la réalité de l'univers des travailleurs sociaux. Cette recherche s'est construite sur le modèle épistémologique de la sociologie compréhensive et de l'herméneutique sociale. On tentera de cerner demandes et commandes qui leur sont adressées, on décrira les quatre métiers "pivots", leurs formes d'intervention (projet. . . ) pour y voir conjugué ascétisme et hédonisme (place particulière de l'éthique). On s'intéressera ensuite, à leur système de valeurs (don, résistance. . . ). On entrera enfin dans leur univers imaginaire, par les rituels, l'univers symbolique (régime diurne/nocturne), les territoires, pour aboutir aux mythes (Métis, Hermès. . . ). On conclura sur la tribalité<br>The thesis is attempting to show how, by the exploration of the imagination of the social workers, the theory of the dislocation, developed in most of publications specialized on the issue of social work, must be amended, or even abandoned to the adventage of a wider, more complex vision of the reality of the social workers universe. This research is based upon the epistemological model of comprehensive sociology and social hermeneutics. We will try to define the demands and orders directed at them. We will describe the four pivotal professions, their forms of intervention (e. G. Plans) to see asceticism and hedonism (an ethical theory) combined together. Then we will deal with their value system (i. E. Gift, resistance. . . ). We will finally enter their imaginary word, by their rituals, their symbolic universe (a day/nigt-system) and their territories to end in the myths (e. G. Métis, Hermes). We will conclude on tribalism

This study focuses on economic development and political turmoil in post-independence Sub-Saharan Africa. There has been a resurgence of interest in the region following the end of the Cold War. In 1997 U.S. president Bill Clinton took a 12-day tour of the region. In 1999 the U.S. Congress (106th Congress) passed the Growth and Opportunity Act and the Hope for Africa Act, designed to encourage political stability and economic development in the region. Although most Sub-Saharan African countries attained independence from colonial rule in the 1960s, more than 30 years of self-government have brought little economic development and political stability to the region. This study attempts to analyze, theoretically and empirically, the relationship among economic development, social dislocation and political turmoil. Social dislocation, as defined in this study, means "urbanization," and it is used as an exogenous variable to model and test the hypothesized causal relationship between economic development and political turmoil. This study employs pooled cross-sectional time-series and seemingly unrelated regression analyses, as well as Granger-causality, to examine the hypothesized relationships and causality in 24 Sub-Saharan African countries from 1971 to 1995. The results confirm the classical economic development theory's argument that an increase in economic development leads to a decrease in political turmoil. The result of the pooled analysis is confirmed by a SUR analysis on the strength of the relationship at the individual country level in 21 of the 24 countries. However, an indirect positive relationship exist between economic development and political turmoil through social dislocation. At lag periods 1 and 2, I found a causal ordering leading from economic development to political turmoil, indicating a causal relationship from economic development to social dislocation and from social dislocation to political turmoil.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:30:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Isabel Tatit.pdf: 2745982 bytes, checksum: a53ff0c9a1b774091c33ef7a22482be4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-23<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>This paper makes a distinction between the discourse of isolation and feelings of loneliness. Numerous contemporary discourses about loneliness pathologize it, based on universalizing approaches, and submit it to healing procedures. Such discourses reproduce imperatives of happiness and self-sufficiency, transforming the experience of loneliness into something to be cut off from the social field. In the clinic, patients who experienced territorial displacement and consequent distancing from close relationships express feelings of self-sufficiency, which leads us to believe that their discourses of isolation are highly permeable to the actions of the discourses of autonomy widespread in society. Throughout this research, the signifier of loneliness episodically emerged as an expression of the subject s unease in the gaps of the discourse of isolation. Thus, when presented as a counterpoint to the dominant discourse, loneliness may reflect an ethical experience by expressing the uniqueness of the subject. Thus, when presented as a counterpoint to the dominant discourse, loneliness may reflect an ethical experience by expressing the uniqueness of the subject<br>Este trabalho apresenta distinções entre o discurso de isolamento e a experiência de solidão. Deparamos com numerosos discursos contemporâneos sobre solidão que a patologizam a partir de abordagens universalizantes e a submetem a procedimentos de cura. Tais discursos reproduzem imperativos de felicidade e auto-suficiência, transformando a experiência de solidão em algo a ser extirpado do campo social. Na clínica, pacientes que viveram deslocamentos territoriais e consequente afastamento de seus familiares apresentam muitas vezes essa posição de auto-suficiência, o que nos leva a crer que seus discursos de isolamento sejam bastante permeáveis às ações dos discursos de autonomia difundidos na sociedade. Ao longo desta pesquisa, o significante da solidão emergiu episodicamente como expressão do mal-estar do sujeito nas brechas do discurso de isolamento. Assim, quando se apresenta como um contraponto ao discurso dominante, a solidão pode traduzir uma experiência ética por manifestar a singularidade do sujeito

The term ‘global peacelessness’ is used to describe the impact of persistently high rates of interpersonal violence throughout the world, and particularly violence against women (Flaherty, 2010). This violence is epidemic and constitutes a global health problem and pervasive human rights violation. Responses are critiqued as narrow in scope, reactive and lacking in coordination. The research presented in this thesis contributes to addressing this gap by exploring measures community citizens from diverse backgrounds defined as important to ending violence. Specifically, the research question asked ‘What do community members of Lunenburg County say about the structural and cultural influences on interpersonal violence?’ It links the field of peace studies with the interpersonal anti-violence field and the field of addiction. The meta-analysis that frames this dissertation asserts that grassroots community peacebuilding will involve defining and connecting measures at the local level that can lead to defining and challenging broad, oppressive cultural and structural factors linked to the persistence of violence at provincial, national, and international levels. Situating interpersonal violence within a peacebuilding framework provides a critical lens that moves from a narrow focus on individual responsibility to include a wider analysis of the origins of violence to include social, cultural, economic, and political factors and ultimately compel a collective community response. This emancipatory function of peacebuilding must include a focus on promotion of environments where boys and men, girls and women, can live safe and satisfying lives that include the development of skills that promote nonviolence and peace.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-08-05<br>Judicialization in Brazil is a recent phenomenon and can be summarized as a way to achieve the health care needs through judicial decisions. Due to the large number of lawsuits involving public institutions with budget and administrative repercussions of broad scope, the Federal Supreme Court, in 2009, convened the 4th Public Audience on Health to discuss the phenomenon of judicialization of health, particularly in access to drugs, its causes and consequences, and also as legitimacy for its decisions. The greater political participation of the judiciary in the protection of fundamental rights is a product of the Brazilian constitutional model, and it is inevitable. Although, judicialization could be understand as confrontation with the executive and legislative branch. This confrontation is perfectly harmonized with democratic and republican principles, and contributes to its improvement. The dialogue and the integration should be the link between the State towards fulfillment of social rights, especi lly the right to he lth. After the Public Au ie ce of He lth, there w s t a change in the p tter of ecisio s of the Superior ourts, s it s evi e t th t the effect of ju ici liz tio can reflect mismanagement in access to drugs and public underfunding of national health policy, secondary to government disarticulation. An inclusive institutionalization of Brazilian society is the way to face old and new challenges with efficiency and lower public spending for achieved the social right in health.<br>Este estudo é resultado da investigação do fenômeno da judicialização no Brasil, especialmente quanto ao acesso aos medicamentos. A motivação para a pesquisa decorre do grande número de ações envolvendo as instituições públicas com repercussões orçamentárias e administrativa de amplo alcance. O Supremo Tribunal Federal, em 2009, convocou a 4ª Audiência Pública da Saúde (AP n°.4) para discutir o fenômeno da judicialização da saúde, especialmente, quanto ao acesso aos medicamentos, suas causas e consequências e, também, como meio para dar maior legitimidade às suas decisões. A maior participação política do Judiciário na defesa dos direitos fundamentais é decorrente do modelo constitucional brasileiro de 1988 sendo inevitável, como disse Luís Roberto Barroso durante a AP n°. 4. Embora a judicialização não deixe de ser um confronto com o Poder Executivo e, também, com o Poder Legislativo; ele é perfeitamente compatível com os princípios democráticos e republicanos, e contribui para aperfeiçoá-los. O diálogo e harmonização devem ser o caminho seguido pela sociedade para efetivação dos direitos sociais, especialmente o direito à saúde. Após a AP n°.4, não houve uma mudança no padrão de decisões dos Tribunais Superiores, uma vez que ficou evidenciado que a judicialização é efeito, entre outros motivos, da má gestão no acesso aos medicamentos e do subfinanciamento da política pública de saúde nacional. Para a concretização do direito social à saúde, é mister uma institucionalização inclusiva da sociedade brasileira no enfrentamento de velhos e novos desafios com eficiência e menor gasto público.

Aquesta tesi tracta la comprensió agramàtica del focus contrastiu, les dislocacions a l'esquerra i les construccions de clític en català. Aquestes estructures gairebé no han estat investigades anteriorment, tot i que presenten algunes propepietats que les fan interessants per testar les hipòtesis sobre el dèficit en comprensió en l'afàsia de Broca. En aquest treball presento els resultats de cinc tasques experimentals –dues tasques de condicions de veritat i tres tasques d'aparellament d'imatges i frases– dissenyades per investigar la comprensió dels pacients d'aquestes estructures. Els resultats d'una tasca preliminar de discriminació de patrons entonatius demostren que els pacients conserven les seves habilitats prosòdiques i, per tant, que el dèficit en comprensió no pot ser conseqüència d'un problema de percepció de l'entonació característica de les construccions examinades. Els resultats de les tasques de comprensió demostren que els afàsics entenen les declaratives, les focalitzacions i topicalitzacions de subjecte, i les construccions amb clítics, però tenen problemes en la interpretació de topicalitzacions i focalitzacions d'objecte. Aquestes dades afavoreixen les hipòtesis sobre el dèficit que es basen en les nocions de moviment i intervenció, és a dir, la Trace-Deletion Hypothesis (Grodzinsky, 2000) i la Feature-Underspecification Hypothesis (Grillo, 2008). Per tal d'avaluar aquestes dues hipòtesis, també examino el rol dels trets morfosintàctics en la comprensió afàsica per determinar si el dèficit afecta només la representació de trets discursius, com prediu Grillo, o la de les còpies, com defensa Grodzinsky. Segons la FUH, una diferència en els trets que provoquen el moviment de constituents hauria de bloquejar l'emergència dels efectes de localitat en les estructures amb l'objecte desplaçat. Els resultats, però, indiquen que la comprensió dels pacients no millora quan aquests trets són diferents. En conseqüència, les dades d'aquest estudi són inconsistents amb la FUH i donen suport a l'assumpció de la TDH que les còpies són eliminades de les representacions sintàctiques dels afàsics de Broca. A més, els resultats aporten evidència experimental a favor de l'anàlisi sintàctica de les dislocacions com a estructures derivades per moviment (López, 2009; Rubio, 2014).<br>Esta tesis trata sobre la comprensión agramática del foco constrastivo, las dislocaciones a la izquierda y las construcciones de clíticos en catalán. Hay muy pocos estudios sobre la interpretación de estas estructuras en la afasia de Broca, a pesar de que presentan algunas propiedades interesantes para determinar la validez de las hipótesis sobre el déficit en la comprensión agramática. En este trabajo presento los resultados de cinco tareas experimentales –dos tareas de juicios de condiciones de verdad y tres de apareamiento de imágenes y frases– diseñadas para investigar la comprensión de los pacientes de las estructuras mencionadas. Los resultados de un experimento preliminar sobre la discriminación de los patrones entonativos característicos de las estructuras examinadas demuestran que los pacientes los identifican y, por lo tanto, que los problemas en comprensión no pueden atribuirse a un problema de percepción de la prosodia. Por otro lado, los resultados de las tareas de comprensión indican que los afásicos entienden las declarativas, las topicalizaciones y focalizaciones de sujeto, y las construcciones de clíticos; sin embargo, tienen problemas para interpretar las topicalizaciones y focalizaciones de objeto. Estos resultados favorecen las hipótesis sobre el déficit que se basan en las nociones de movimiento e intervención, es decir, la Trace-Deletion Hypothesis (Grodzinsky, 2000) y la Feature-Underspecification Hypothesis (Grillo, 2008). Para poder evaluar estas dos hipótesis, también examino el rol de los rasgos morfosintácticos en la comprensión afàsica para determinar si el déficit concierne la representación de los rasgos discursivos, como predice Grillo, o la de las copias, como defiende Grodzinsky. En el marco de la FUH, una diferencia en los rasgos morfosintácticos que atraen el movimiento de constituyentes debería bloquear la emergencia de los efectos de localidad. Los resultados de este estudio, sin embargo, demuestran que la comprensión de los pacientes no mejora cuando los rasgos son distintos; por lo tanto, los resultados comprometen la FUH y favorecen la asunción de la TDH de que las copias son eliminadas de las representaciones sintácticas de los afásicos. Asimismo, los resultados aportan evidencia a favor del análisis sintáctico por derivación de las dislocaciones a la izquierda (López, 2009; Rubio, 2014).<br>This dissertation is a study of the comprehension of contrastive focus, clitic left dislocation and clitic constructions in Catalan agrammatism. These structures remain mostly unexplored in agrammatic literature, and present some relevant properties that make them suitable for evaluating current hypotheses on the deficit in agrammatic comprehension. Here I present new data from five experimental tasks –two truth-value judgement tasks and three sentence-picture matching tasks– designed to assess the interpretation of the referred structures by Broca’s aphasics. The findings from a preliminary discrimination task corroborate that agrammatics preserve their ability to distinguish the intonational contours characteristic of these constructions and, therefore, that the impairment in comprehension cannot be attributed to a misperception of prosodical patterns. The results from the comprehension tasks indicate that the agrammatics’ interpretation of declaratives, subject focalisations and topicalisations and clitics is preserved, whereas their performance on object topicalisations and focalisations is compromised. The results also show that the notions of movement and intervention are useful to explain the patterns of loss in agrammatic comprehension and, consequently, provide further support for accounts based on these notions, namely, the Trace-Deletion Hypothesis Grodzinsky (2000a) and the Feature-Underspecification Hypothesis Grillo (2008). For the purpose of testing these two hypotheses, I also examine the role of morphosyntactic features in the comprehension of the referred constructions to learn whether the deficit selectively affects only discourse-scope features, in line with the FUH’s predictions, or copies, as hypothesised by the TDH. A mismatch between relevant features that function as attractors of movement is expected to prevent minimality effects from occurring in object-derived structures under the FUH. The finding that a mismatch of number between the displaced object and the subject does not improve the aphasics’ performance on focalisations and topicalisations shows that agrammatic aphasics cannot use morphosyntactic features to establish syntactic chains, thus strengthening the TDH’s assumption that copies are deleted from aphasics’ representations. Finally, the experimental data reported in this dissertation also provide further evidence in favour of the derivational analysis of clitic left dislocation (López, 2009; Rubio, 2014).

Dans l’étude de l’usage des expressions référentielles, de nombreux travaux se sont intéressés à la relation entre formes linguistiques et fonctions saisies en termes informationnels, et la sensibilité précoce du jeune enfant à certaines facettes de la structuration informationnelle a été montré, notamment au statut attentionnel des référents et la dimension du topic-commentaire. La linguistique interactionnelle a adopté un point de vue complémentaire sur les expressions référentielles, et a montré comment les locuteurs signalent et accomplissent par leur choix d’une expression référentielle non seulement la référence, mais également diverses tâches liées à la gestion de l’interaction même. Nous avons souhaité, dans ce travail, apporter un éclairage multidimensionnel à la question de l’usage des expressions référentielles, et notamment au contraste entre formes faibles, fortes et disloquées, dans deux langues qui diffèrent quant aux moyens linguistiques employés pour marquer le topic.Notre analyse repose sur un corpus transversal de 12 enfants francophones et germanophones, âgés entre 2 et 3 ans. Nous avons analysé les formes et usages des expressions référentielles produites par les enfants et les adultes, en prenant en compte des facteurs morpho-syntaxiques, informationnels et interactionnels.Nos résultats montrent la complémentarité de ces différents facteurs dans l’explication des usages chez l’enfant et chez l’adulte. Nous avons pu mettre en avant les emplois spécifiques de certaines ressources linguistiques comme les dislocations, les pronoms démonstratifs der/die/das ainsi que des formes nulles et décrire leur fonctionnement dans des formats d’interaction qui facilitent l’inscription du jeune enfant dans la gestion du discours et de l’interaction<br>In the study of the use of referring expressions, numerous studies have looked into the relationship between linguistic forms and informationally defined functions, and have put forth the early sensitivity of young children to certain aspects of information structuring, notably with regard to attentional status of referents and the topic-comment dimension. Interactional linguistics have adopted a complementary approach on referring expressions and have shown how speakers signal and accomplish, by their choice of a referring expression, not only reference, but also various tasks pertaining to the management of interaction proper.Our study aims to shed further light, in a multidimensional perspective, on the use of referring expressions, and especially on the contrast between week, strong and dislocated forms, by studying two languages which exploit different linguistic means to mark sentence topic.Our analysis is based on a cross-sectional database of 12 French- and German-speaking children, aged 2 to 3 years. We analyzed the forms and uses of referring expressions in the children’s and the adult’s speech, by considering morph-syntactic, informational and interactional factors.Results show the complementary nature of these different factors when explaining referring expression use in children and in adults. We were also able to put forth specific uses of certain linguistic means, such as French dislocations, German demonstrative der/die/das and null forms, and we described their functioning within interactional routines that aid the young children to join in on discourse and interaction