To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Socio-economic problem.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Socio-economic problem'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 47 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Socio-economic problem.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Bašić, Edin. "The problem of missing residential mobility information in the german microcensus : an evaluation of two statistical approaches with the socio-economic panel /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2008. http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz286991586cov.htm.
Full text
2
Wesso, Iona. "Science text: Facilitating access to physiology through cognition-based reading intervention." University of the Western Cape, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8485.
Full textAbstract:
Philosophiae Doctor - PhD<br>Reading and understanding science text is the principal means by which students at tertiary level access scientific information and attain scientific literacy. However, understanding and learning from science texts require cognitive processing abilities which students mayor may
not have. If students fail to understand scientific text, their acquisition of subject knowledge and expertise will be impeded and they will fail to develop into thinking and independent learners, so crucial for academic progress and achievement. A major assumption in this study
is thus that in order to increase access to science subjects there is a need to explicitly teach the thinking abilities involved in learning science from text. A review of the literature showed that while reading to learn from scientific text poses special challenges to students faced with this unfamiliar genre, little is known about reading (and thinking) for science learning. A synthesis of current research which describes the
neglected interface between science learning, science reading and cognition is given in the literature review of this study. This synthesis highlights, in particular, the parallel developments in research into science learning and reading; the lack of integration of research in these areas; the absence of investigations on science reading located within the cognitive domain; and the absence of research into reading as it affects cognition and cognition as it affects reading in subject-specific areas such as physiology Possibilities for improving students' cognitive performance in reading to learn through intervention were considered from a cognitive perspective. From this perspective, students'
observable intellectual performance can be attributed to their underlying knowledge, behaviour, and thought processes. Accordingly, the mental processes involved in comprehending scientific concepts from text and the cognitive processes which the students bring to the learning situation become highly relevant to efforts to improve cognitive skills for learning science Key questions which were identified to serve as a basis for intervention included: a) What cognitive abilities are needed for competent reading comprehension as demanded by
physiology text?; b) How adequate is the cognitive repertoire of students in dealing with physiology text? With regard to these questions a catalogue of cognitive functions as formulated by Feuerstein et al (1980) was identified as optimally suited for establishing the cognitive match between reading tasks and students. Micro-analyses of the cognitive demands of students' textbook material and the cognitive make-up of second-year university students revealed a profound mismatch between students and their learning material. Students lacked both comprehension fostering and comprehension monitoring abilities appropriate to the demands of the learning task. The explication of the cognitive requirements which physiology text demands served as a basis for systematically designing instruction whereby appropriate intellectual performance for scientific comprehension from text may be attained Subsequent intervention was based on the explicit teaching of thinking abilities within the context of domain-specific (physiology) knowledge. An instructional framework was developed that integrated cognitive learning theories and instructional prescriptions to achieve an effective learning environment and improve students' cognitive abilities to employ and extend their knowledge. The objective was that the instructional model and resultant instructional methods would ensure that students learn not only the desired kinds of knowledge by conceptual change, but also the thought processes embedded and required by reading scientific material for appropriate conceptual change to take place. Micro-analysis of the cognitive processes intrinsic to understanding physiology text illuminated cognitive demands such as, for example, the ability to: transform linearly presented material into structural patterns which illuminate physiological relationships; analyse conceptually dense text rich in "paradoxical jargon"; activate and retrieve extensive amounts of topic-specific and subject-specific prior knowledge; to visualise events; and contextualise concepts by establishing an application for it. Within the above instructional setting, the study shows that the notion of explicitly teaching the cognitive processes intrinsic to physiology text is possible. By translating the cognitive processes into cognitive strategies such as assessing the
situation, planning, processing, organisation, elaboration, monitoring and reflective responses, the heuristic approach effectively served to guide students through various phases of learning from text. Systematic and deliberate methods of thought that would enhance students
problem-solving and thinking abilities were taught. One very successful strategy for learning from physiology text was the ability to reorganise the linearly presented information into a different text structure by means of the construction of graphic organisers. The latter allowed students to read systematically, establish relationships between concepts, identify important ideas, summarise passages, readily retrieve information from memory, go beyond the given textual information and very effectively monitor and evaluate their understanding In addition to teaching appropriate cognitive strategies as demanded by physiology text, this programme also facilitated an awareness of expository text conventions, the nature of physiological understanding, the value of active strategic involvement in constructing
knowledge and the value of metacognitive awareness. Also, since the intervention was executed within the context of physiology content, the acquisition of content-specific information took place quite readily. This overcame the problem of transfer, so often experienced with "content-free" programmes. In conclusion, this study makes specific recommendations to improve science education. Inparticular, the notion of teaching the appropriate cognitive behaviour and thought processes as demanded by academic tasks such as reading to learn physiology seems to be a particularly fruitful area into which science educational research should develop and be encouraged.
3
Старченко, Людмила Володимирівна, Людмила Владимировна Старченко, Liudmyla Volodymyrivna Starchenko, T. Popovtceva, and O. Goncharenko. "Socio-economic problems of ecological education in Ukraine." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2004. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/23324.
Full text
4
Sahasranaman, Anand. "The dynamics of socio-economic inequity in cities : problems in organised complexity." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/62647.
Full textAbstract:
We explore economic segregation, social (ethnic) segregation, and long-term economic decline of neighbourhoods in cities as dynamic processes that emerge over time due to interactions between individual agents. Using the classic Schelling model as the basis of our work, we develop agent-based computational models to study both the emergence of such inequitable outcomes and also potential mechanisms that would enable reversing them. We find the emergence of wealth-based segregation, just as predicted by the Schelling model. However, our work posits that we can see a dramatic, non-linear decline in wealth segregation when even a small fraction of households move into neighbourhoods they cannot afford. The value of this 'small fraction' required for the onset of sharp desegregation decreases with the increase in the number of agents willing to move into less wealthier neighbourhoods. When the number of such willing agents is small, we find that over long stretches of time, more than a third of the richest and poorest neighbourhoods tend to retain their economic status compared to a much lower fraction of middle income neighbourhoods, corresponding to empirical observations from American cities. Therefore, for around one in three poor neighbourhoods, poverty can be a long-term reality. However, when we consider all neighbourhoods, change in economic status over time is relatively common, confirming the underlying intuition of descriptive anthropologies about neighbourhood change. We also find that enabling agent movement into neighbourhoods they cannot afford, precipitating non-linear transformation to desegregation, also increases the probability that poor neighbourhoods break out of their poverty traps. Finally, when agent movement in a city is mediated both by wealth and ethnicity, we find that decreasing wealth-based segregation has the effect of necessarily increasing ethnic segregation. This trade-off potentially enables the reconciliation of the empirical evidence on socioeconomic impacts of wealth and ethnic segregations.
5
Höhne-Sparborth, Thomas. "The socio-economic spill-over effects of armed conflict on neighbouring countries." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2018. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3691/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the channels by which armed conflict may have wider regional effects through socio-economic spill-over effects. Collier (1999) has explored the economic consequences of civil war and other authors such as Murdoch and Sandler (2004) and de Groot (2010) have sought to verify the existence of neighbourhood effects through quantitative, large-N studies. These studies have only found mixed evidence of a net negative effect and have failed to identify the channels through which conflict affects neighbouring countries. This thesis adopts a case study approach to complement the longitudinal studies that have dominated the analysis of spill-over effects, focusing its primary case study on the example of Zambia, which experienced prolonged exposure to conflicts in Rhodesia, Mozambique, Angola and the DRC. Progressing from a survey of potential spill-over effects postulated in the existing literature, this thesis finds that the actual neighbourhood effects on Zambia have been more numerous and more ambiguous than previously acknowledged. In separate chapters on trade and investment, human capital and migration, food security, and military expenditure, this thesis assesses the range of effects by which these conflicts affected Zambia’s development. The thesis argues that trade and investment, agricultural policies, food security, and the escalation of government debt were affected by the pattern of regional instability, often in unexpected ways that defy easy generalisation. In addition to the Zambian case, the thesis offers a comparison with examples from Malawi, Belize, Jordan and Thailand. These supporting case studies demonstrate that the mechanisms identified in the study have widespread relevance in varied conflict situations, but that the net effect of individual channels of spill-over are dependent on local risk factors and policies. The thesis concludes with the provision of a framework outlining the various channels by which spill-over occurs, the risk factors involved, and possible policy responses.
6
Basak, Arindam. "Geographical study on urbanization and associated problems in North Bengal." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2018. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2782.
Full text
7
Spiegl, Steven. "Communal responses to socio-economic problems in Italy and Gaul, 31 BC - AD 284." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/communal-responses-to-socioeconomic-problems-in-italy-and-gaul-31-bc--ad-284(4437edaa-53fa-4a57-8897-879bec4747b6).html.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis looks at the nature and evolution of communal responses to socio-economic problems in imperial Italy and Gaul. Ancient analysis of this topic tended to view any popular expression of discontent as the result of the moral failings of the plebs, or, somewhat more generously, as being due to poverty. These two lines of thought have had an effect on modern scholarship, shaping opinion not only on how the Roman elite viewed the general population, but also influencing and distorting our view of the actual situation. In some cases, poverty certainly was the underlying cause of unrest, as it has so often been throughout human history; to see it as the sole cause (and to imagine that the Romans perceived it to be the sole cause) is, however, an oversimplification. This thesis aims to show that a complex array of factors was responsible for those popular actions (e.g. grain riots) traditionally seen as reactions to deprivation. It will be seen that not only the socio-economic problems that caused these actions, but also the underlying customs and social mores that dictated how people reacted to these problems were manifold. In addition to showing the socio-economic complexities that dictated popular response, this thesis will show that said response could take a variety of forms, and that just as we must steer ourselves away from simplistic adages like panem et circenses when searching for a cause, we must move beyond the more sensational instances of violence, crime and unrest when looking for a response. A number of reactions, from beggary to banditry, are therefore considered, in order to show the various communal responses available to those at the lower end of the socio-economic scale. Given the vast amount of time and space covered, this thesis will explore diachronic and geographical developments in the nature of communal response. By considering the wider socio-economic developments that precipitated the various responses considered, it will be shown that there was indeed a distinct evolution in the way in which the people reacted to specific stimuli, governed by factors such as the amount of imperial contact, adherence to pre-existing social structures, and, interestingly, a growing sense of popular political involvement.
8
Meierrieks, Daniel [Verfasser], Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Gries, and Manfred [Akademischer Betreuer] Kraft. "On the socio-economic roots and macroeconomic consequences of terrorism / Daniel Meierrieks. Betreuer: Thomas Gries ; Manfred Kraft." Paderborn : Universitätsbibliothek, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1036552853/34.
Full text
9
Meierrieks, Daniel Verfasser], Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gries, and Manfred [Akademischer Betreuer] Kraft. "On the socio-economic roots and macroeconomic consequences of terrorism / Daniel Meierrieks. Betreuer: Thomas Gries ; Manfred Kraft." Paderborn : Universitätsbibliothek, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1036552853/34.
Full text
10
Vo, Van Tuan [Verfasser]. "Vulnerability Assessment of Different Socio-Economic Groups to Floods in the Rural Mekong Delta of Vietnam / Tuan Vo Van." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1060787237/34.
Full text
11
Swed, Nannette [Verfasser], Bengt-Arne [Akademischer Betreuer] Wickström, and Michael C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Burda. "Essays on socio-economic consequences of violent conflict in the Middle East / Nannette Swed. Gutachter: Bengt-Arne Wickström ; Michael C. Burda." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1049519639/34.
Full text
12
Gatley, Stuart Malcolm. "The single parent family : a sociological study of the socio-economic problems facing single parents in Port Elizabeth." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16340.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: pages 194-204.<br>This study represents the first known exploratory study on the single parent family in the Port Elizabeth region. In 1986, the Human Sciences Research Council completed a study of 300 White single parents drawn from lists of children from single parent families at 13 primary schools in the Pretoria School Board District. The report investigated the needs and problems of single parent families, the existence or lack of support facilities in the local communities, and considered and listed the positive factors found in the single parent situation. The study described in this dissertation is a similar quantitative descriptive study using the survey method. .The study provided a description of a sample of 107 White single parent families in Port Elizabeth drawn from a volunteer group. The description consisted primarily of statistical data presented as frequency and percentage distributions in tables which range the Port Elizabeth data next to that of the Pretoria study. This provided an easy means of comparison as well as some indication of what the national data might look like if such were available. The investigation included the widowed, divorced, separated and unmarried / single parents, as well as , the legal adoption of children by a single (never-married) person. A questionnaire, similar to the. one used in Pretoria, was constructed using both structured categories and' explorative questions. These categories and questions were also incorporated into the interviews and interview schedules done· by the researcher and used for comparative analysis tabulations. The study was spatially confined to the magisterial district of Port Elizabeth and represents an exploratory study highlighting the socioeconomic problems facing the single parent family.
13
Chaban, Oleksandra, and Олександра Чабан. "Problems of tourism business development in Ukraine COVID-19 pandemic." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/51252.
Full textAbstract:
1. Road map of competitive development of tourism sector in Ukraine. Final report, 2019 [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cutt.ly/Gznqfbu.
2. Ukrainian tourism due to the pandemic has lost about 6 billion. Official website of analytical portal Word and Business, 2021 [Electronic Resource]. - Access mode: https://cutt.ly/gznq0o4.<br>Humanity has experienced more than one pandemic in its history and is well aware of its consequences. In early 2020, the world was rocked by the Covid-19 pandemic, which rapidly spread to the world. Every State has had to introduce drastic measures. Tourism has been slowed down and banned at certain times. The severity of the problem is that the pandemic has a major negative impact on all areas of life, whose rehabilitation is difficult and whose losses are enormous. That is why the study of the problems of tourism business development in Ukraine under Covid-19 conditions is extremely topical.<br>Людство пережило не одну пандемію за свою історію і добре усвідомлює її наслідки. На початку 2020 року світ сколихнула пандемія Covid-19, яка швидко поширилася на світ. Кожній державі доводилося вводити рішучі заходи. Туризм уповільнений і заборонений у певний час. Серйозність проблеми полягає в тому, що пандемія має серйозний негативний вплив на всі сфери життя, реабілітація яких є складною, а втрати величезні. Тому вивчення проблем розвитку туристичного бізнесу в Україні в умовах Covid-19 є надзвичайно актуальним.
14
Morrison, Laurie Elena. "Māori Women and Gambling: Every Day is a War Day!" The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2537.
Full textAbstract:
This study was concerned with the health implications of new forms of gambling such as casinos, pokie machines and internet gambling for Māori women and their families in Auckland and the Bay of Plenty region of Aotearoa (New Zealand). It set out to discover what culturally appropriate services were available and the extent to which Māori women gamblers were utilising them. The literature documenting Māori perceptions of gambling shows that Māori women gamblers and their partner/whānau members and gambling service providers have been little studied previously. These goals translated into the following specific aims: 1) to study how Māori women problem gamblers, their partner or whānau members and key informants perceived gambling, what it meant to them and why they did it; 2) to investigate the consequences of gambling for Māori women, whānau and service providers in dealing with the effects of gambling; 3) to report on how these three groups dealt with the effects of gambling; and 4) to discover what helped to bring about positive changes for the three groups. All of the aims were achieved. A Māori approach (Kaupapa Māori), combined with a naturalistic approach to data collection, was adopted. Qualitative methods are most appropriate to use when working with some Māori, as there is a growing realisation that research with Māori needs to be interactive. A Māori research procedure modelled on the ritual ceremony of encounter (Pōwhiri) provided an appropriate structure for the development and presentation of the research process. The major focus was on the qualitative data obtained from semi-structured interviews in two locations - Rotorua and Auckland. The interviews were conducted with twenty Māori women gamblers, sixteen whānau members including partners and ten interviews with staff involved in services that provided help for problem gamblers. The three interview schedules were based on a number of broad themes and open-ended questions to obtain meaningful descriptive data. The interviews were audio recorded and used to produce transcripts that were then sent back to the participants for feedback. Qualitative data analysis was conducted on the returned documents. The findings from this study revealed major impacts of the women's socio-economic, familial and societal circumstances on gambling behaviour and its effects, which are areas of concern for mental health professionals and researchers. The mythical Māori canoes on which Māori voyaged from their place of origin (Hawaiiki) to Aotearoa, the Waka, provided an appropriate metaphor to present the interrelationship between the pull and push factors toward gambling, and its implications for society. This is illustrated as a spinning waka, Te Waka Hūrihuri. On the other hand, Te Waka Māia (courageous) demonstrates the relationships between the variables that help Māori women gamblers to cope and helpful strategies found to assist them to modify or stop their gambling behaviour. It is recommended that the government limit the proliferation of gaming venues and continue to encourage development of emerging Māori services. Moreover, a coordinated approach is essential, as Māori women gamblers, partners and whānau members need to heal together for positive outcomes for Māori health development in Aotearoa. The main implication of this study is that a wide range of further research into Māori and gambling is required. Recommendations on ways in which the current delivery of services in Rotorua and Auckland could be improved are: That the Ministry of Health purchase services that establish support groups for Māori people with problem gambling and their whānau, and That non-Māori provider services and organisations support the development of emerging Māori services. Heeding the outcome of this research should help improve New Zealand's existing health policy and capacity for Māori women's health development. It should also enrich our understanding of the adaptation patterns of Māori whānau member/s, and thus should have implications, not only for Māori health policies, but also relevance for the wider field of international cross-comparative research on indigenous gambling and mental health issues. Limitations of this study included a small, localised sample that means the findings can only tentatively be generalised to the wider population of Māori women gamblers. Nonetheless, information gained from the study contributes to understanding of the adaptation patterns of Māori women gamblers, their whānau member/s, and those who are trying to help them. It is hoped that the study will make it at least a little less true that every day is a war day for Māori women and their whānau trying to deal with the problem of gambling.
15
Junior, Nelson Peralta Cunha. "Percepção pública como subsídio aos problemas de saneamento básico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-07042008-142012/.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho insere-se no âmbito do saneamento básico e da tendência relativamente nova de valoração da proteção e dos recursos ambientais. Destaca a atual problemática ambiental e os problemas específicos do saneamento básico, seu entendimento e providências sugeridas para sua minimização. Através de questionário, levantou-se e, com análise multivariada, investigou-se a percepção pública sobre as condições, os sentimentos e as participações públicas relativas aos serviços de água, esgotos, lixo, drenagem e arborização de Fernandópolis, SP. Como resultado, constatou-se que, a partir do serviço de água, suas situações e sentimentos decrescem, sucessivamente, para os serviços de esgotos, limpeza pública, drenagem e arborização. Em todos eles, a participação popular, assim como a ocorrência de campanhas que poderiam potencializá-la além de potencializar os demais aspectos questionados, não eram as desejáveis. Do cotejo dos resultados obtidos com princípios de sustentabilidade concluiu-se que, em diferentes níveis, todos os serviços avaliados não se mostraram sustentáveis. Finalizando, sugere-se que a valoração dos serviços de saneamento básico e recursos ambientais urbanos podem contribuir, mutuamente, para realizar seus respectivos potenciais de participação popular, melhorar suas situações e sentimentos públicos que despertam além de contribuir para a inserção socioeconômica nos problemas de saneamento urbano, de forma a torná-los, e ao ambiente urbano, sustentados.<br>This work encompasses basic sanitation and the relatively recent trend of valuating the environmental protection and the environmental resources. It points out current environmental issues and the specific problems of basic sanitation considering how they have been dealt with and the suggestions for minimizing them. Through a questionnaire, it was possible not only to analyze the public view on the sanitation conditions and people reactions to them, but also their participation in the as well as in the essential services such as water, sewers, garbage and drainage in the city of Fernandópolis, SP. It was founded that the respondents answered more positively to the water service and less favorably to sewer, garbage collection, drainage, and arborization, successively. It was also suggested that public participation was not a prevailing public view, nor were public service campaigns; although those could improve the essential services assessed. Concerning sustainability, it can be included that generally all the evaluated services proved not to be sustainable. Accordingly, it indicates that valuating the basic sanitation services and the environmental resources can contribute to their mutual progress with greater public participation to improve the services and consequently their opinions about them contributing for their socio-economic insertion by taking part in the plans to handle the urban sanitation matters to make them and the urban environment sustainable development.
16
Оvdienko, Valeriia, and Валерія Овдієнко. "Problems of financing academic education under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/51241.
Full textAbstract:
1. Ofitsiinyi sait Natsionalnoho instytutu stratehichnykh doslidzhen [Elektronnyi resurs]. − Rezhym dostupu: http://old2.niss.gov.ua/articles/1537/.
2. Koronavirus ta osvita: analiz problem i naslidkiv pandemii [Elektronnyi resurs]. − Rezhym dostupu: https://cedos.org.ua/uk/articles/koronavirus-ta-osvita-analiz-problem-i-naslidkiv-pandemii.<br>Academic education has always had and continues to retain significant socio-economic and political significance for the development of any country. In modern conditions, the place and importance of higher education in the system of priorities set by each country, reflect the level of socio-economic development of the nation. Only having higher education in accordance with modern standards can a country claim a worthy place and recognition in the world.<br>Академічна освіта завжди мала і продовжує зберігати значне соціально-економічне та політичне значення для розвитку будь-якої країни. У сучасних умовах місце та значення вищої освіти в системі пріоритетів, визначених кожною країною, відображають рівень соціально-економічного розвитку нації. Лише маючи вищу освіту відповідно до сучасних стандартів, країна може претендувати на гідне місце та визнання у світі.
17
Bangura, Ibrahim Verfasser], Arnis [Akademischer Betreuer] Vilks, and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] [Suchanek. "A critical assessment of the socio-economic reintegration process of ex-combatants ten years after the war in Sierra Leone / Ibrahim Bangura. Gutachter: Arnis Vilks ; Andreas Suchanek. Betreuer: Arnis Vilks." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1056877537/34.
Full text
18
Bangura, Ibrahim [Verfasser], Arnis Akademischer Betreuer] Vilks, and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] [Suchanek. "A critical assessment of the socio-economic reintegration process of ex-combatants ten years after the war in Sierra Leone / Ibrahim Bangura. Gutachter: Arnis Vilks ; Andreas Suchanek. Betreuer: Arnis Vilks." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1056877537/34.
Full text
19
Etches, Jacob. "Individual and neighbourhood socio-economic predictors of chronic health problems and activity limitation, an application of multilevel modelling to 1990 OHS data." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58662.pdf.
Full text
20
Мельник, Леонід Григорович, Леонид Григорьевич Мельник, Leonid Hryhorovych Melnyk, et al. "The role of ecosystem services in providing sustainable development." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36211.
Full textAbstract:
Aggravation of environmental problems creates the conditions under which business entities legislative and executive authorities, other parts of society forced to move to new concepts of interaction between economic stakeholders in order to create an environmentally harmonious relations that would meet the criteria for sustainable socio-economic development.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36211
21
Massalha, Manal. "In suspension : the denial of the rights of the city for Palestinians in Israel and its effects on their socio-economic, cultural and political formation : the case of Umm Al-Fahem." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3351/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is concerned with the absence of substantive, functioning Palestinian cities, and of Palestinian urbanisation and urbanism in Israel. Framed and guided by conceptions of the city and public space, their potentialities, the possibilities they allow, and the challenges they pose to the state, the thesis using Umm al-Fahem as a case study seeks to investigate the Palestinian city in Israel, its materiality, the semiotics of its public space and socio-spatiality, and to deconstruct the historical, structural, political and social forces that shape its (un)making. Employing mixed qualitative methods of ethnography, photography, archival research, historical, sociological and discourse analysis, the thesis questions and deconstructs the nominal status of the city of Umm al-Fahem, the first Palestinian village to earn the official status of a city in Israel. It considers how to conceptualise Palestinian cities inside Israel and aims to give answers to questions such as: what can be made of Palestinian cities inside Israel? What kind of spatial configurations and arrangements are being formed and why? What kind of socio-political and cultural order is being formed and why? How does the city respond under (post)colonial conditions? Can there be a functioning Palestinian city and a fulfilment of the right to the city under (post)colonial conditions? Umm al-Fahem, the subject and object of research, suggests that the process unfolding is one of absenting the Palestinian city, depriving Palestinian citizens of the right to the city, and producing domesticated, suspended, fragmented city and citizens. The production and mastery of space is used as a technology of control to achieve this, and forms part of a governmentality project whose underlying objective is the management of Palestinians.
22
Chatta, Ilyas Ahmad. "Partition and its aftermath : violence, migration and the role of refugees in the socio-economic development of Gujranwala and Sialkot cities, 1947-1961." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/366712/.
Full textAbstract:
The partition of India in August 1947 was marked by the greatest migration in the Twentieth Century and the death of an estimated one million persons. Yet until recently (Ansari 2005; Talbot 2006) little was written about the longer term socioeconomic consequences of this massive dislocation, especially for Pakistan. Even when the 'human dimension' of refugee experience rather than the 'high politics' of partition was addressed, it was not specifically tied to local case studies (Butalia, 1998). A comparative dimension was also missing, even in the 'new history' of partition. The thesis through case studies of the Pakistan Punjab cities of Gujranwala and Sialkot examines partition related episodes of violence, migration and resettlement. It draws on hitherto unexplored original sources to explain the nature, motivation and purpose of violence at the local level. It argues that the violence in both cities was clearly politically rather than culturally and religiously rooted. The problems of finding accommodation and employment as well as patterns of urban resettlement are also explored. The thesis shows how the massive shifts in population influenced and transformed the socio-economic landscape of the two cities. It also addresses wider issues regarding the relative roles of refugees and locally skilled craftsmen in rebuilding the cities' economies following the migration of the Hindu and Sikh trading and commercial class. This analysis reveals that while partition represented a major disruption, continuities persisted from the colonial era. Indeed, Sialkot's post-independence development owed more to the skill base it inherited than to the refugee influx.
23
Mbachirin, Abraham T. Davis Derek. "The responses of the church in Nigeria to socio-economic, political, and religious problems in Nigeria a case study of the Christian Association of Nigeria (CAN) /." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/4874.
Full text
24
Kudrna, Laura. "Please award this degree, even though it is likely to make others miserable – and me too : an investigation of the relationships of absolute and relative socio-economic status with subjective wellbeing in the United States and England." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3701/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis argues that we can better understand the relationship between socio-economic status and subjective wellbeing (SWB) by considering more carefully to whom and how people make comparisons and what is meant by SWB. It questions existing knowledge with new empirical evidence and frameworks for both ‘reference groups’ – the people to whom we (may) make comparisons – and SWB. These contributions are situated within existing social comparison, norm and identity theories from economics and psychology. Using two large datasets from the United States and England, over 300 reference group measures are created. Nearly 4K models are analysed, adjusting for multiple comparisons. Although the results should be interpreted cautiously due to issues of endogeneity, they suggest that upward comparisons to others’ socio-economic attainment do matter for SWB and are almost always negative after accounting for individual attainment and multicollinearity. Comparisons to others of a similar age and to perceptions of those in ‘society’ matter most consistently. Socio-economic attainment in and of itself, however, is not sufficient to improve how people feel even if it improves their thoughts about how well their lives are going, and it is difficult to escape the negative effects of relative socio-economic status. Negative effects are evident across the distributions of SWB and absolute socio-economic status, for both women and men, and across age groups. It is not possible to dismiss the idea that comparisons to others’ socio-economic attainment do not matter – and yet, achieving socio-economically in absolute terms does not guarantee a life free of misery and full of happy and meaningful moments, either, even if this should be the ultimate aim of people and social policies. These results can inform normative debates about optimal resource distributions in societies and underscore the importance of considering how well people are doing socio-economically in relative and not only absolute terms.
25
Fanti, Kostas Andrea. "Trajectories of Pure and Co-Occurring Internalizing and Externalizing Problems from Age 2 to Age 12: Findings from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04202007-164735/.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2007.<br>Title from file title page. Christopher C. Henrich, committee chair; Gregory Jurkovic, Gabriel P. Kuperminc, Roger Bakeman, committee members. Electronic text (124 p. : ill. (some col.)) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed May 7, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-124).
26
Каленська, О. В., та О. В. Сакаль. "Соціально-економічні проблеми підвищення рівня лісистості України". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/49515.
Full textAbstract:
На сьогодні суспільство користується природними благами, зокрема
лісовими багатствами, які нам залишили у спадок. Відповідно до положень
концепції сталого розвитку, необхідно дбати також про відновлення і
створення лісів. На нашу думку, платежі за спеціальне використання лісових
ресурсів повинні витрачатися саме на відновлення лісу.
27
Van, Niekerk Lizl-Louise. "Die effek van 'n intervensieprogram op die motoriese ontwikkeling van straatkinders / Lizl-Louise van Niekerk." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/826.
Full textAbstract:
This study had the dual purpose of determining the anthropometric and motor development
status of street children as well as to establish the effect of an intervention programme on their
motor development. The first aim of the study was to determine the anthropometric and motor
development status of street children. The children were selected from a sample of street
children living in a state-run shelter. Twenty eight children (20 boys and 8 girls) between the
ages of 7 and 14 were measured to determine their anthropometric and motor development
status. The anthropometric measures included stature, mass, body-mass index (BMI), and two
skin folds (subscapular and triceps). The measurements were performed according to the
protocol of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). The
results of the anthropometric measurements showed that the street children are shorter, lighter
and have a lower BMI and smaller skin folds than the norm for children of the same age. The
sample exhibited a prevalence of malnutrition. The same subjects who were tested to determine
the anthropometric composition (except for four children, who had since left the shelter) were
used to determine the motor development status. The gross motor, fine motor and neuromotor
functions were tested to determine the motor development status. This was determined by means
of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test II of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP), the Sensory Input Screening
Instrument and a section of the Quick Neurological Screening Test II. The results showed that
the motor (gross motor, fine motor and neuromotor) development of the street children is below
the standard norms.
The second aim of the study was to determine the effect of an intervention programme on the
motor development of street children. The same subjects who were tested to determine the
motor development status (except for four children, who had since left the shelter) were used to
determine the effect of a motor intervention programme. Seventeen boys and 7 girls between the
ages of 7 and 14 years were randomly selected and divided into an experimental (n=13) and a
control group (n= 11). A 10-week motor intervention programme that consisted of bi-weekly
sessions of 45 minutes was implemented. The affectivity of this was evaluated by a post-test.
The programme consisted of perceptual motor, sensory integration and task specific activities
using the integrated method. The main components, which were addressed in the lessons, were
bilateral integration, response speed, hand skills, muscle tone, motor planning, equilibrium,
vestibular function and vision strengthening activities. The program was presented by a
qualified kinderkineticist. The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP), the
Sensory Input Screening Instrument and a section of the Quick Neurological Screening Test I1
were applied to determine the effect of the intervention programme. Covariance of analysis,
correcting for pre-testing differences between the groups, indicated improvement of the
Bruininks-Oseretsky-Test Total as well as in fine motor skills and upper limb speed in the
experimental group. Vestibular and vision functions also increased significantly in this group,
which might have contributed to the improvement in fine motor development. All these
improvements showed a high practical significance (ES>0.8).
Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that the physical growth and motor
development deficits as well as the positive effects of the intervention program, as identified in
this study be brought under the attention of relevant persons in state organizations and private
institutions, which are involved with street children.<br>Thesis (M.A. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
28
Prakash, Prashanth. "Quality of life in relation to orthodontic problems among adolescent children in the city of Chennai, India." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140610_125311-86049.
Full textAbstract:
AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of orthodontic problems and quality of life in relation to orthodontic problems among adolescent children in the city of Chennai, India.
OBJECTIVES: To analyze the differences in the need for orthodontic treatment among children in the public and private schools; to analyze the need for orthodontic treatment among the various socioeconomic groups; to evaluate the Quality of Life (QoL) among the children; to analyze the relationship between Quality of Life (QoL) and the need for orthodontic treatment.
METHODS: 200 children participated in the study, out of which 100 were from the private school and 100 from the public school from the city of Chennai, India. Two sets of questionnaires were used for the study, one was filled by the children and the other was filled by the researchers and trained dental assistants after doing a thorough dental examination and asking questions from the participants. This was carried out according to the recommendations of WHO oral health assessment. Statistical data was collected, recorded and analyzed using the software SPSS 17.0 for Windows.
RESULTS: The private school children had more orthodontic problems than the public school children (49% and 44% respectively). The need for Orthodontic Treatment was the highest in children under the rich category (56.4%), followed by the children under the poor category (45.3%) and is least among the children under the average category (44.4%). The Quality of Life was... [to full text]<br>TIKSLAS: Įvertinti ortodontinio problemas ir perspektyvas atsižvelgiant į ortodontinio problemas tarp paauglių vaikų mieste Chennai, Indija.
TIKSLAI: Analizuoti skirtumus reikalingas Ortodontinis gydymas tarp vaikų, viešąsias ir privačias mokyklas; analizuoti kad ortodontinio gydymo tarp įvairių socialinių ir ekonominių grupių; vertinti gyvenimo kokybę (QoL) tarp vaikų; išanalizuoti ryšį tarp gyvenimo kokybę (QoL) ir ortodontinio gydymo poreikį.
METODAI: 200 vaikai dalyvavo tyrime, iš kurių 100 buvo privati mokykla ir 100 iš viešųjų mokyklų iš miesto Chennai, Indija. Vienų, ir klausimynų buvo naudojami tyrimo, vienas buvo užpildyti vaikų ir kitų buvo užpildyti mokslininkų ir apmokyti dantų padėjėjai po daro dantų nuodugniai ir užduoti klausimus iš dalyvių. Tai buvo daroma pagal PSO burnos sveikatos vertinimo rekomendacijas. Statistiniai duomenys buvo renkami, įrašytos ir analizuoti naudojant SPSS 17,0 programinė įranga Windows.
REZULTATAI: Privačios mokyklos vaikai turėjo daugiau ortodontinio problemų nei valstybinių mokyklų vaikai (atitinkamai 49 % ir 44 %). Ortodontinio gydymo poreikis buvo didžiausias vaikams pagal turtingas kategorija (56.4 %), po to vaikai iki prastos kategorija (45.3 %) ir kas tarp vaikų iki vidutinės kategorijos (44.4 %). Gyvenimo kokybė buvo nustatyta, kad geriau tarp vaikų, privačios mokyklos nei valstybinėse mokyklose (90,6 % ir 89.0 % atitinkamai). Vaikams, kurie neturėjo nei gera gyvenimo kokybė turėjo mažai arba visai nėra ortodontinio kai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
29
Outada, Nisrine. "Complex Systems in Biology and Soft Sciences : Modeling by Hyperbolic and Kinetic Equations, Analytic and Numerical Problems A critical analysis towards research perspectives Reply to comments on “Modeling human behavior in economics and social science” A critical analysis towards research perspectives Reply to comments on “Modeling human behavior in economics and social science”." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS448.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse a pour objectif de développer une approche mathématique pour la modélisation des systèmes vivants en mettant l’accent sur les équations hyperboliques et cinétiques décrivant les systèmes multicellulaires en biologie, la dynamique de foule, et les comportements collectifs des individus en sciences sociales et économiques considérées comme des sciences comportementales, appelées parfois “sciences douces”. Plus précisément, les points traités dans cette thèse ont été les suivants : 1) Le développement de ce qu’on appelle la théorie cinétique des particules actives pour la dérivation d’une structure mathématique pour la modélisation des systèmes vivants, qui tient compte des caractéristiques et complexités de ces systèmes complexes, où la dynamique des entités est développée aussi sur la variable d’espace. Cette structure mathématique générale offre un cadre conceptuel pour la dérivation des modèles spécifiques correspondant à des classes de systèmes bien définies et remplace les approches classiques utilisées pour modéliser les systèmes inertes qui s’avèrent inappropriés pour la modélisation des systèmes vivants. 2) Le développement de méthodes mathématiques pour la dérivation de modèles à l’échelle macroscopique de type Keller-Segel et de type Cattaneo à partir d’une description cinétique basée sur la théorie des particules actives, ainsi que le développement et l’implémentation des schémas numériques préservant la limite asymptotique, en particulier des méthodes de volumes finis pour les systèmes de lois de conservations sont utilisées pour l’approximation des modèles macroscopiques. 3) L’application à la modélisation, l’analyse qualitative et les simulations des systèmes sociaux. Plus précisément les applications ont été adressées aux systèmes sociaux-économiques et à la dynamique comportementale de la foule en mettant en œuvre l’évacuation d’un espace dangereux où la géométrie est complexe et en tenant compte de la propagation du stress. Des simulations numériques ont été obtenues par un développement approprié des méthodes de Monte Carlo. 4) L’étude de la convergence de développement de Hilbert pour la dérivation d’équations macroscopiques à partir de la description mésoscopique basée sur la théorie cinétique des particules actives, et l’analyse qualitative liée à l’existence et l’unicité des solutions des systèmes cinétiques<br>This thesis tackles the challenging aim of developing a mathematical theory of living systems with focus on hyperbolic and kinetic equations, to multicellular systems in biology, crowd dynamics, and social sciences and economy viewed as behavioral sciences, occasionally called soft sciences. In more details, the following topics have been tackled: 1) Development of the theory and application of the kinetic theory of the scalled active particles, with the main objective of deriving a general mathematical structure, consistent with the complexity features of living systems, where the dynamics are developed over the space variable. This structure offers the conceptual background for the derivation of specific models corresponding to well-defined classes of systems and substitutes the field theories, which classically offers the natural support in the sciences of the inert matter that cannot be applied in the case of living systems. Applications have also motivated development of simulation tools. 2) Mathematical methods to derive macroscopic tissue equations, of Keller– Segel and Cattaneo type, from the underlying description at the microscopic scale delivered by kinetic type models and development of computational schemes towards simulations both of kinetic transport models and hyperbolic macroscopic models. In more details, finite volume methods for hyperbolic conservative laws equations have been developed for the simulations of macroscopic models. 3) Applications to modeling, qualitative analysis, and simulations of social systems. Applications have been addressed to social systems and behavioral crowd dynamics with a special focus on evacuation dynamics from venues with complex geometry with special focus to a dy- namics, where panic propagates. Simulations have been obtained by a suitable developments of the socalled Monte Carlo particle methods. 4) Analytical problems generated by the convergence of the Hilbert approach to the derivation of macroscopic equations from the kinetic theory approach, and a qualitative analysis related to existence and uniqueness of the solutions of the initial value problems of the kinetic systems
30
Abbasi, Hamon. "Velayat park : En plats för gränsöverskridande möten mellan människor med olika socioekonomisk status." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Arkitektur och vatten, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-65010.
Full textAbstract:
Tehran, the capital of Iran has undergone major urbanization in the last century, which has caused uncontrollable urban growth. Poor regulation and control of this growth has given rise to environmental problems including high air and water pollution. In turn, this has led to urban growth towards the mountains in the north, where the environment is better. However, this pressure to develop in the north has increased segregation of the city and created a clear social division of class between the northern and southern parts of the City. In light of this, and in the context of Tehran as an extremely dense city with limited green space, the City sees a possibility in transforming an unused military airport in the southern districts of the city into a new urban park. This master thesis explores how to reclaim the 270Ha former airfield and develop it as an urban park with strengthened links to surrounding neighbourhoods. The work aims to gain an understanding of how large vacant areas can become successful public areas and green places in the community. The work is based on urban theory and site analysis and brings forward design proposals for the park. Analysis work is divided into an investigative and exploratory stage. The investigative part includes literature studies, data collection and mapping of the city’s urban morphological development, taking into account physical and socio-economic processes. The exploratory part consisted of inventories, site studies and interviews in Tehran, as well as integration analysis with space syntax to explore accessibility and connections in the new park. Throughout the study shows how and why the city has evolved and highlights a connection between living in the southern districts, which are low-income areas, with also having poor access to public and recreation areas. This analysis forms the foundations for the design proposal, visualizations and programs presented about how the area can be designed as a new urban city park. In conclusion, the study highlights that in order to be able to develop new places or renew existing area’s, consideration must be given to urban morphological development. This includes the socio-economic and socio-ecological process. It further concludes, that a ecological viewpoint together with a understanding of the physical environment, the urban landscape identity and the need of people in the context needs to be brought together to plan and create parks and urban spaces
31
Daly, Marwa El. "Challenges and potentials of channeling local philanthropy towards development and aocial justice and the role of waqf (Islamic and Arab-civic endowments) in building community foundations." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16511.
Full textAbstract:
Diese Arbeit bietet eine solide theoretische Grundlage zu Philanthropie und religiös motivierten Spendenaktivitäten und deren Einfluss auf Wohltätigkeitstrends, Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und einer auf dem Gedanken der sozialen Gerechtigkeit beruhenden Philanthropie. Untersucht werden dafür die Strukturen religiös motivierte Spenden, für die in der islamischen Tradition die Begriffe „zakat“, „Waqf“ oder im Plural auch „awqaf-“ oder „Sadaqa“ verwendet werden, der christliche Begriff dafür lautet „tithes“ oder „ushour“. Aufbauend auf diesem theoretischen Rahmenwerk analysiert die qualitative und quantitative Feldstudie auf nationaler Ebene, wie die ägyptische Öffentlichkeit Philanthropie, soziale Gerechtigkeit, Menschenrechte, Spenden, Freiwilligenarbeit und andere Konzepte des zivilgesellschaftlichen Engagements wahrnimmt. Um eine umfassende und repräsentative Datengrundlage zu erhalten, wurden 2000 Haushalte, 200 zivilgesellschaftliche Organisationen erfasst, sowie Spender, Empfänger, religiöse Wohltäter und andere Akteure interviewt. Die so gewonnen Erkenntnisse lassen aussagekräftige Aufschlüsse über philanthropische Trends zu. Erstmals wird so auch eine finanzielle Einschätzung und Bewertung der Aktivitäten im lokalen Wohltätigkeitsbereich möglich, die sich auf mehr als eine Billion US-Dollar beziffern lassen. Die Erhebung weist nach, dass gemessen an den Pro-Kopf-Aufwendungen die privaten Spendenaktivitäten weitaus wichtiger sind als auswärtige wirtschaftliche Hilfe für Ägypten. Das wiederum lässt Rückschlüsse zu, welche Bedeutung lokale Wohltätigkeit erlangen kann, wenn sie richtig gesteuert wird und nicht wie bislang oft im Teufelskreis von ad-hoc-Spenden oder Hilfen von Privatperson an Privatperson gefangen ist. Die Studie stellt außerdem eine Verbindung her zwischen lokalen Wohltätigkeits-Mechanismen, die meist auf religiösen und kulturellen Werten beruhen, und modernen Strukturen, wie etwa Gemeinde-Stiftungen oder Gemeinde-„waqf“, innerhalb derer die Spenden eine nachhaltige Veränderung bewirken können. Daher bietet diese Arbeit also eine umfassende wissenschaftliche Grundlage, die nicht nur ein besseres Verständnis, sondern auch den nachhaltiger Aus- und Aufbau lokaler Wohltätigkeitsstrukturen in Ägypten ermöglicht. Zentral ist dabei vor allem die Rolle lokaler, individueller Spenden, die beispielsweise für Stiftungen auf der Gemeindeebene eingesetzt, wesentlich zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung beitragen könnten – und das nicht nur in Ägypten, sondern in der gesamten arabischen Region. Als konkretes Ergebnis dieser Arbeit, wurde ein innovatives Modell entwickelt, dass neben den wissenschaftlichen Daten das Konzept der „waqf“ berücksichtigt. Der Wissenschaftlerin und einem engagierten Vorstand ist es auf dieser Grundlage gelungen, die Waqfeyat al Maadi Community Foundation (WMCF) zu gründen, die nicht nur ein Modell für eine Bürgerstiftung ist, sondern auch das tradierte Konzept der „waqf“ als praktikable und verbürgte Wohlstätigkeitsstruktur sinnvoll weiterentwickelt.<br>This work provides a solid theoretical base on philanthropy, religious giving (Islamic zakat, ‘ushour, Waqf -plural: awqaf-, Sadaqa and Christian tithes or ‘ushour), and their implications on giving trends, development work, social justice philanthropy. The field study (quantitative and qualitative) that supports the theoretical framework reflects at a national level the Egyptian public’s perceptions on philanthropy, social justice, human rights, giving and volunteering and other concepts that determine the peoples’ civic engagement. The statistics cover 2000 households, 200 Civil Society Organizations distributed all over Egypt and interviews donors, recipients, religious people and other stakeholders. The numbers reflect philanthropic trends and for the first time provide a monetary estimate of local philanthropy of over USD 1 Billion annually. The survey proves that the per capita share of philanthropy outweighs the per capita share of foreign economic assistance to Egypt, which implies the significance of local giving if properly channeled, and not as it is actually consumed in the vicious circle of ad-hoc, person to person charity. In addition, the study relates local giving mechanisms derived from religion and culture to modern actual structures, like community foundations or community waqf that could bring about sustainable change in the communities. In sum, the work provides a comprehensive scientific base to help understand- and build on local philanthropy in Egypt. It explores the role that local individual giving could play in achieving sustainable development and building a new wave of community foundations not only in Egypt but in the Arab region at large. As a tangible result of this thesis, an innovative model that revives the concept of waqf and builds on the study’s results was created by the researcher and a dedicated board of trustees who succeeded in establishing Waqfeyat al Maadi Community Foundation (WMCF) that not only introduces the community foundation model to Egypt, but revives and modernizes the waqf as a practical authentic philanthropic structure.
32
LIAO, FANG–YI, and 廖芳宜. "Analyses of Taiwanese Adolescents’ Socio-Economic Background, Learning Motivation and Problem Solving Ability." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/kabmb2.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立臺北教育大學<br>教育學系教育創新與評鑑碩士班<br>105<br>This study was used to explore the interaction of social-economic backgrounds and learning motivation to Taiwanese adolescents’ problem-solving ability. The data set of Taiwan 15-year-old adolescents who participated in PISA 2012 was analyzed. Based on the literatures of social-economic background and learning motivation, the researcher used two-way ANOVA to explore the relationshipsadolescents’ socio-economic background and learning motivation variables and their problem-solving ability. This study found that the interaction of the levels of "intrinsic motivation", "extrinsic motivation" and "control belief" to problem-solving ability in the different groups of social-economic backgrounds were significant different.
The groups of different social-economic backgrounds as group variables, the relevant items of learning motivation as independent variables, and problem-solving ability as dependent variable, then one-way ANOVA and post hoc comparison were performed to identify which variables of learning motivation toadolescents’ problem-solving ability in different groups of social-economic backgrounds were significant different. The study found the factors that affect different social-economic background students' problem-solving ability and to provide the relevant recommendations of curriculum reform plan and teachers’ teaching implementation to enhance students' problem-solving ability.
33
Singh, Joginder. "A socio-economic analysis of the problem of non-recovery of bank loans to farmers of Haryana." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/3997.
Full text
34
Massey, John Sirles. "Surface shape regions as manifestations of a socio-economic phenomenon : a solution to the choropleth mapping problem." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/84536.
Full textAbstract:
A choropleth map is a cartographic document. It shows a geographic study area tessellated by a set of polygons that differ in shape and size. Each polygon is depicted by a uniform symbol representing the manifestation of some phenomenon. This thesis focuses on socio-economic phenomena. We want to delineate a set of socio-economic regions within a study area. These regions are used for decision making about the delivery of specific goods and services and/or the provision of specific community infrastructure. However, we have identified three fundamental weaknesses associated with the use of choropleth maps for socio-economic regionalisation. Therefore, as an alternative to the choropleth map if we think explicitly in R³, then the best representation of the spatial distribution of a socio- economic phenomenon is a smooth surface. The socio-economic data we use are collected during a national census of population and are summarised for areas, i.e., polygons. To accommodate these data we have developed and applied a method for gridding and smoothing - termed regularisation - in order to build a smooth surface. We apply Green's theorem and use path integrals with much simplification to compute a smoothed datum for each intersection of a, say, 100 by 100 grid that describes a surface. Mathematically, surface shape is interpreted through the comparison of curvatures. Surface shape analysis involves the measurement of the Gaussian and mean curvatures at the internal intersections of the grid. Curvature measurement requires at least a twice differentiable function. We have invented such a function based on Lagrange interpolation. It is called a Lagrange polynomial in xy. Each internal intersection of the grid is the (2,2) element of a 3 x 3 matrix extracted from the grid. We compute a Lagrange polynomial in xy for each 3 x 3 matrix. Then we use this polynomial to measure the curvatures and classify the shape. Contiguous grid intersections of the same shape class comprise a shape neighbourhoods region interpreted as a specific manifestation of a socio-economic phenomenon. Hence, we have the basis for describing the spatial distribution of the phenomenon. Three investigations into the construction of quadratic polynomials as alternative functions are described. Two of these quadratic polynomials are called `exact fit' in the sense that the polynomial returns the exact z-datum associated with each xy-pair used in its construction. Construction of a `best fit' quadratic polynomial based on least squares interpolation comprises the third investigation. We compare the four different types of polynomials and of these we choose the Lagrange polynomial in x y as most appropriate. Given a relatively high density grid, e.g., 250 by 250, regardless of the polynomial used the resulting maps of shape neighbourhoods regions are virtually identical. This surprising convergence in R² is explained. Is a map of shape neighbourhoods regions an accurate description of the spatial distribution of a socio-economic phenomenon? We effect an indirect evaluation of a known phenomenon represented by the spatial distribution of f(x,y) = sin x sin y. We compute the true map of shape neighbourhoods regions of this phenomenon. An approximate map of shape neighbourhoods regions is computed by sampling with 100 randomly generated polygons. Comparison implies that the approximate map is an accurate representation of the true map. This conclusion is supported strongly by the results of a study of a nonperiodic-nonrandom known phenomenon, based on a combination of exponential functions in x and y. This has a surface similar to that of a socio-economic phenomenon. We review selected geographic studies in which mathematical tools have been used for analytical purposes. Mathematical analysis is gaining broader acceptance in geography. The innovative, high quality Surpop work of British geographers is described, and we comment on the strongly complementary nature of the research presented in this thesis to the Surpop work. We describe 18 future research directions and themes; suggestions are made on how each may be undertaken. Next, we summarise each of the ten results of the research presented in this thesis. The thesis concludes with a statement of the medium-term research directions of the researcher and his acknowledgements.<br>Thesis (M.Sc.(M&CS)) -- University of Adelaide, School of Mathematical Sciences, 2012
35
Mabhoyi, Lloyd Chaurika. "Narratives of at-risk students in secondary schools in Zimbabwe." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23114.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigates the experiences of at-risk secondary school students in the Chitungwiza District, Zimbabwe. At-riskiness is defined as a condition in which students are likely to produce poor academic achievement, irregular school attendance, grade retention or dropout due to various individual and social factors. At-riskiness has increased in Zimbabwe’s school population since the adoption and subsequent failure of the Economic Structural Adjustment Programme (ESAP) which has contributed to poverty and concomitant poor social conditions. A literature study explored at-riskiness in the light of socio-cultural perspectives on at-riskiness and also discussed contextual factors in the Zimbabwean schooling system which influence students’ vulnerability to at-riskiness. A qualitative inquiry using a narrative approach explored at-riskiness in the life stories of three male and three female secondary school students attending two selected schools in Chitungwiza, an economically deprived area close to Harare. Selection of schools was based on high levels of absenteeism and sustained poor performance in the national school leaving examinations. Purposeful participant selection was based on school records on grade repetition, absenteeism and poor behaviour. Semi-structured Interviews with participants, based on the Dan MacAdams framework for life story research, were used to gather rich data. Ethical compliance included written parental consent and participant assent and the assurance of anonymity, confidentiality and the right to refuse information. Findings were categorized under family related factors, school related factors and resource limitations. At-riskiness was exacerbated by parental unemployment, poor socio-economic conditions at home and a lack of cultural capital. Participants were compelled to undertake casual work to supplement household income in addition to the fulfillment of academic responsibilities. Poor school conditions comprising poor discipline and unprofessional teacher conduct increased at-riskiness especially among female participants. Resource limitations included poor nutrition, lack of basic necessities required for personal hygiene, in adequate parenting and the absence of psycho-social support mechanisms. Based on the literature study and empirical inquiry, recommendations were made for a more inclusive educational model, poverty alleviation and special support for disadvantaged students to reduce at-riskiness among students in Zimbabwe.<br>Educational Foundations<br>D. Ed. (Socio-Education)
36
Mphehlo, T. "The BRICS phenomenon : Prospects and constraints for South Africa's socio-economic development / T Mphehlo." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/14362.
Full textAbstract:
Over the years the coming together of Brazil, Russia, India and China into the BRIG
forum has been treated as a moment in time when emerging economies started
making their mark in the global arena. Similar patterns of extraordinary productivity
and growth as well as tangible development have been the driving force that predicts
these countries as being the world economic leaders of the future. South Africa has
now come into BRIG, which necessitated the changes in the acronym to BRIGS, an
alleged hegemon of Southern Africa and the continent's economic power house.
This country joined BRIG group, adding to the world's emerging economies and as a
representative of the African continent. When South Africa became a member, its
main aim was to develop its economy and align itself socio-politically with the
emerging economies of the world. These emerging economies have shown some
positive growth. The emergence of BRICS has recently captured the commanding
heights across all borders in the 'South' and the 'North'. It is evident that South Africa
has striven to be recognised worldwide, by its foreign policy, stable politics and its
sophisticated economic policy. South-South multilateral agreements have been
widely discussed in International Political Economy, but little has been said about the
impact they make in the socio-economic development of the emerging countries.
The issue of multilateral agreements concerning BRIGS is still relatively unexplored
in comparison to other multilateral agreements that South Africa has ventured into.
Globally the BRIGS multilateral agreement has generated different views concerning
its future expectations of promoting growth for its member states, particularly South
Africa.
The dissertation has discovered and highlighted the importance of South Africa as a
member of BRIGS, and how its engagement in the multilateral agreement will benefit
the country with opportunities that lie ahead. This paper also looked at the
insinuation that South Africa may be used by its powerful BRIGS partners and
thereby lose its continental dominance. The study scrutinises and allows open space
for further investigation to be made about the BRIGS multilateral agreement and its
impact on socio-economic development in the Republic of South Africa. Many argue
that South Africa's entry in BRIGS is a dangerous and risky move while others prefer
to say it is a wise decision taken by the country. However the action taken by South
Africa is a fait accompli and the country should plan ahead and understand the
needs of its national interests and foreign policy to achieve its goals.<br>Thesis (M. Soc Sc (International Relations) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2013
37
Nguyen, Khanh Hung. "Studying socio-economic problems in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: an agent-based modelling approach." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1416255.
Full textAbstract:
Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>The Mekong Delta (MKD), located in the far south of Vietnam, is known as the `Rice Bowl of Vietnam'. The region accounts for half of the country's total rice production and 95% of its rice exports. Despite its increasing standard of living, the MKD has lagged behind the national average in terms of many socio-economic development indicators, such as employment, education, health care, and housing welfare. In this research, we address two pressing problems influencing the socio-economic progress of the region: (i) the failure of implementing the agricultural contract-farming scheme in the MKD rice supply chain, and (ii) the high out-migration rate from the MKD to the South East (SE) region. We use agent-based modelling (ABM), which is a computational approach that focuses on a population of autonomous and interacting agents. ABM has the unique power of modelling individual decision making while also incorporating heterogeneity, social interaction/feedback and the dynamic impacts of different external factors. We present two agent-based models to tackle the above-mentioned socio-economic problems in the MKD region. Simulation results from the two agent-based models are then validated, providing further scenario-based insights into the related problems. For the first problem, we investigate obstacles to the expansion of contract rice farming in the MKD region. We develop an agent-based contract-farming model and focus on two critical components of the contractual relationship: financial incentives and trust. The agent-based model is then used to predict emergent system-wide behaviour and compare different counterfactual scenarios of different policies and initiatives on maintaining contract rice farming. The results of this model showed that a fully equipped contractor who opportunistically exploited only a relatively small proportion of the contracted farmers in most instances could outperform spot-market-based contractors in terms of achieved average profit. In addition, a committed contractor who offered lower purchasing prices than the typical rate could obtain better earnings per ton of rice and a higher profit per crop. However, in both of those cases, the contractors could not enlarge their contract-farming scheme, as either the farmers' trust towards them gradually decreased or their offers could not compete with those of a competitor or the spot market. Another important observation was that the contract-farming scheme is not a cost-effective method for buyers with limited rice-processing capacity, which is a common situation among the contractors in the MKD region. The model also identified the ranges of contracted purchasing prices for two rice types, in which both parties - the contractor and farmer - might find it beneficial to remain committed to contract rice farming. For the second problem, the aim is to understand the dynamics of migrants' decision-making processes in the MKD region and explain why the MKD is the main migration-sending region in the country, with the highest out-migration rate and the highest deficit of net migration. We incorporate the Theory of Planned Behaviour into the agent-based model to break down migration intention into three related components: behavioural attitude, social network and perceived behaviour control. Different economic, social and environmental circumstances are considered to model the way an individual makes migration decisions. Outputs of the model are automatically calibrated via real province-level data using a genetic algorithm. This automated calibration yields some significant results, with most observed net- and out-migration data captured within the 95% confidence interval. Parameter exploration and sensitivity analysis are carried out to understand the impact of critical migration determinants. We further explore the migration behaviour of people in certain demographic groups and delineate the migration flows across cities and provinces from the MKD to the SE region.
38
Tripathy, Surjyanarayan. "Bonded labour in Orissa: A study of its socio-economic problems (With special reference to Phulbani District." Thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/5451.
Full text
39
Kotze, Sulindi. "Perceptions of educators and pre-adolescent children on the phenomenon of acting-out behaviour." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27797.
Full textAbstract:
The researcher aimed to answer the following question: What are the perceptions of preadolescent children and educators with regard to the phenomenon of acting-out behaviour? The goal of the study was to explore the perceptions of educators and pre-adolescent children on the phenomenon of acting-out behaviour. Pre-adolescence and socio-economic problems were discussed and behavioural theories, behavioural difficulties and acting-out behaviour were explored. The population consisted of educators and grade 5 to grade 7 learners in the two participating schools. Ten educators and twenty learners in each grade were selected by means of stratified random sampling, to participate in the study. The survey design was utilised, as the researcher wished to explore perceptions of educators and pre-adolescent learners on the phenomenon of acting-out behaviour. The researcher formulated two questionnaires that were reader-friendly to both educators and learners respectively. The questionnaires focused on aspects of acting-out behaviour observed in the developmental level which is of concern to the study. Research results have indicated that acting-out behaviour is an ever-increasing phenomenon, even though the term “acting-out” is relatively unknown. The educators and learner respondents had very similar views on acting-out behaviour and the reasons for this negative behaviour displayed by children. It can therefore be concluded that acting-out behaviour is perceived as being very real in the lives of today’s children and is very often regarded as problematic behaviour and only addressed as such. Characteristics of actingout behaviour include lying, swearing, aggressiveness, hitting and kicking, badmouthing others, poor school marks, bullying and seeking attention. Parental conflict is the highest cause of emotional problems and consequently behavioural problems in children. The family system is also the most important system in the pre-adolescent’s life. Consequently it is recommended that families need to be considered as a key system in the development of acting-out behaviour, but most importantly also, as a key factor in dealing with such behaviour. Further research on, especially, intervention methods with regard to acting-out behaviour and socio-economic factors are recommended and emphasised. Copyright<br>Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2010.<br>Social Work and Criminology<br>unrestricted
40
Caetano, Ana Carolina Vasco. "O território visto pelos media – uma abordagem pedagógica para a cidadania." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/93705.
Full textAbstract:
Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado em Ensino de Geografia no 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário apresentado à Faculdade de Letras<br>O território é, e sempre foi, um espaço de comunicação e cabe a cada pessoa a interpretação das mensagens refletidas nele. A distribuição da população pelo território levou ao aumento da população nas cidades e estas tiveram de se transformar para adquirir capacidades de resposta a novas situações. A comunicação, informação e participação ativa dos cidadãos no território são a chave da resolução de problemas recorrentes nas áreas urbanas.A partir do desenvolvimento das novas tecnologias os conceitos de espaço e tempo foram transformados, sendo possível comunicar para qualquer parte do globo sem ter de fazer qualquer deslocação. Assim surgiu a globalização com um novo conceito, o território virtual. Atualmente a sociedade está permanentemente exposta a informação enviada de forma constante e não verificada. A questão que mais se coloca na sociedade de informação é a capacidade de interpretação e seleção da mesma, de forma a não criar desinformação que podem abalar as estruturas políticas, económicas e sociais.A disciplina de Geografia tem como critério inicial ao seu desenvolvimento a observação. A capacidade de afastamento do espaço de análise e observar o território, sem o ruído da informação constante, permite ao geógrafo discernir de forma mais ponderada os acontecimentos. A partir desta premissa, é pretendido aplicar os conhecimentos adquiridos na disciplina de Geografia e desenvolver o espírito crítico em relação à informação que obtida através dos media. A eleição do ensino baseado em trabalho de projeto tem como objetivo o envolvimento dos alunos de forma mais consciente e consistente no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, dando oportunidades de avaliação diversificadas promovendo a aprendizagem efetiva de todos os alunos.<br>The territory is, and always has been, a place of communication and it is up to each person to interpret the messages reflected in it. The distribution of the population throughout the territory has led to an increase in the population in the cities and these have had to change in order to acquire capacities to respond to new situations. Communication, information, and active participation of citizens in the territory are the key to solving recurrent problems in urban areas.From the development of new technologies, the concepts of space and time have been transformed and it is possible to communicate to any part of the globe without having to make any movement. This is how globalization came about with a new concept, the virtual territory. Today society is permanently exposed to information sent in a constant and unverified way. The question that arises most in the information society is the capacity to interpret and select it, so as not to create disinformation that can shake political, economic, and social structures.The discipline of Geography has an initial criterion for its development of the observation. The ability to move away from the space of analysis and observe the territory, without the noise of constant information, allows the geographer to discern events in a more considered way. From this premise, it is intended to apply the knowledge acquired in the discipline of Geography and develop a critical spirit in relation to the information obtained through the media. The choice of teaching based on project work aims at involving students in a more conscious and consistent way in the teaching-learning process, giving diversified evaluation opportunities promoting effective learning for all students.
41
Alawode, Akinyemi Oluwafemi. "Constructing mission praxis for sustainable socio-economic development amongst the rural poor of Oluyole Local Government (Oyo State), Nigeria." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/12081.
Full textAbstract:
Extreme poverty is the most devastating problem facing the human race, because it condemns nearly half of the world‘s population to hunger, disease and oppression-often with little or no hope for the future. The human beings made in the image of God are tragically prevented from realizing their God given potentials because of poverty. The reality of poverty can be overwhelming, but we must understand that this age old adversary can be defeated. According to the famous maxim ―If you give a man a fish, he will eat for a day, but if you teach a man how to fish, he will eat for a lifetime‖.
Therefore, the best way to fight poverty is to empower the people to shape their own future-to treat the causes of poverty and not just the symptoms (Stearns: 2010, 300)
Key<br>Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology<br>D. Th. (Missiology)
42
Mazuruse, Mickson. "The theme of protest in the post-independence Shona novel." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3949.
Full textAbstract:
The study discusses selected Shona novels‟ depiction of the theme of protest in the post-independence era in Zimbabwe. The ideas that these novels generate on protest are examined in the context of socio-political and socio-cultural issues in post-independent Zimbabwe. The study is an investigation of the extent to which protest literature is indispensable in the struggle of African people to liberate themselves from imperialist servitude. Novels on socio-political protest show how the government has failed to deliver on most of its promises because of neocolonialism and corruption. Novels on socio-cultural protest show how cultural innovations in post-independence Zimbabwe brought problems .The study comes to the conclusion that for literature to be reliable and useful to society it is not enough to highlight weaknesses in criticizing, but it should go beyond that and offer constructive and corrective criticism. This shows that protest literature is a vital tool for social transformation in Zimbabwe.<br>African languages<br>M.A. (African languages)
43
Allie, Aziza. "Expulsion of learners from secondary schools in the Western Cape: trends and reasons." Diss., 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/941.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation focuses on the expulsion of learners from secondary schools in the Western Cape. Learners with behavioural and emotional problems are disruptive in class. They
antagonise teachers and challenge the code of conduct of the school. Expelling learners has
far reaching consequences for education and society.
Although official expulsions have remained constant the number of "unofficial expulsions"
appear to be increasing. Expulsion rates vary amongst schools, but those situated in middle-class areas request more expulsions than those situated in lower socio-economic areas.
Substance abuse is by far the most dominant reason for expulsion followed by physical confrontation, verbal confrontation, theft, sexual assault and other behavioural problems. Whilst certain factors such as the socio-economic background, intake, catchment area and
ethos of the school does influence expulsions, factors within the school i.e. the attitude of the principal towards certain policies and practices may unintentionally contribute to its increase.
Finally, the dissertation provides guidelines and recommendations towards minimising expulsions.<br>Educational Studies<br>M.Ed. (Guidance and Counselling)
44
Manuel, Gratitude Bulelwa. "Needs of poverty-stricken families : perspectives from adult members." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18264.
Full textAbstract:
Many families have been deprived access to basic human needs like food, clothing, shelter, protection, education and health services because of poverty. In South Africa poverty remains a challenge, resulting from economic and social inequalities, where 40% of its population still live in poverty (Landman, Bhorat, Van der Berg & Van Aardt 2003). The study aimed at ascertaining and describing the needs identified by adult members living in poverty, in the Lukhanji Municipality.
The researcher used a probability, systematic, random sampling method to obtain respondents for the study. A non-experimental, descriptive, quantitative research approach was adopted. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 150 respondents, after which a numerical data analysis was done with the assistance of a statistician.
Unemployment could be ascribed to lack of education and skills, which exposed families to poor living conditions, ill-health, insecurity and other social ills. Recommendations were made to solve these problems.<br>Health Studies<br>M.A. (Health Studies)
45
Cele, Mfiseleni Sylvester. "Perceptions of the role of church-based programmes in addressing HIV and AIDS : a study in the Durban inner-city area." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3946.
Full textAbstract:
A structured questionnaire was used to survey the perceptions of programme
coordinators, fieldworkers and beneficiaries of the role of church-based
programmes in addressing HIV and AIDS in the inner-city of Durban. One
hundred and ninety two respondents were recruited from seventeen churches.
Findings indicate that fear of HIV- and AIDS-related stigma and discrimination
abound. The material and spiritual roles of church-based programmes in
addressing the needs of people infected with HIV and affected by HIV and AIDS
were stressed by the respondents. Whereas programme coordinators were well
informed about HIV and AIDS, information that can dispel fears about stigma and
correct myths about HIV-transmission should be tailored to reach ordinary men
and women. It is recommended that further research be conducted on the
preventive aspects of church-based programmes in the Durban inner-city.<br>Sociology<br>M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)
46
Hlonipho, Maria Molebogeng. "Absenteeism, an indicator of the health status of school children in the middle schools of the Molopo region in the North-West Province." Diss., 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16958.
Full textAbstract:
Health related absenteeism was identified as a problem in the schools in the
Molopo region, needing a multi-disciplinary approach which included the
parents.
A conceptual framework on absenteeism was used as a guideline for the
descriptive research design. Using a convenience sampling technique 426 absentees,
22 teachers and 2 school nurses filled in three separate questionnaires in
ten schools selected to determine the extent of absenteeism due to health related
and other problems, the control measures taken and the awareness of school
personnel.
Health problems were identified as the main reasons for absenteeism. Inadequate
communication between the schools and parents as well as lack of guidelines on
the control of absenteeism, were other problems identified.
Recommendations made related to the provision of school health services that
promote the health status of the pupils based on Primary Health Care principles,
parental involvement in school health matters and the formulation of policies
aimed at controlling absenteeism in schools.<br>Health Sciences<br>M.A. (Nursing Science)
47
Horner, Schwarz Kaylan. "Unequal Opportunities for Citizenship Learning? Diverse Student Experiences Completing Ontario’s Community Involvement Requirement." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/25654.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examined diverse students' experiences completing Ontario's community involvement requirement. An analysis of quantitative surveys and qualitative focus groups among 50 current and recently graduated secondary school students from widely contrasting socio-economic settings showed ways in which diverse participants perceived their community involvement activities, the support for community involvement in their schools, and their associated opportunities to develop capacity to make changes toward a more socially just world. Results indicated that low-income participants reported dissimilar experiences from high-income participants, in relation to the support for community involvement provided by school staffs, participants' direct or distant relationships with service recipients, and their sense of individual and collective agency to effect change. Thus, this study challenges the assumption that all students in Ontario have equal access to the citizenship education learning opportunities embedded in meaningful community involvement activities.